MOST WONDERFUL OF MACHINES.,
AUTOMATIC ORE UNLOADER AT CONNEAUT, OHIO.
The most wonderful machine on the chain of great lakes will be in oper
ation the coming season on the Carnegie docks at Conneaut, Ohio. With its
introduction at all lake ports there will be little demand for unskilled labor.
The ehovelers at Conneaut, realizing this fact, regard the new machine with
awe and displeasure. Duriug its construction it was deemed prudent to
guard it at night for a time under the glare of several arc lights to insure its
•completion. With the new machine six men can unload a vessel in the same
time that it requires a force of 100 to do the same wcrk. The weight of the
new machine is 400 tons. Its height is more than fifty feet. Equipped
with many swivel and hinge joints its movements are almost human. In the
tame period of time that one laborer can sink his s'uovel into the ore in a
vessel's hold and lift a lew pounds, the scoop of this machine grasps ten tons.
20G0oooooooooooooooooooooo
I California's (Jiaitf i
| freEs j\re gavel |
3 Tlio United SI a ten Government Una g
j Acquired the Fiimou* KeilwotxlH. n
a
JOOOOOOOOOCSOCOOGOOOOOOOOOO
grove of the
| / Calaveras mammoth redwood
j trees has beer saved from the
hands of the vandal.
At the opening of the United States
Senate's session, on March (5, Mr.
liansbrougli, of North Dakota, re
ported the House joint resolution di
recting the Secretary of the Interior
;o place under bond the "Mammoth
Tree Grove" and the "South Parle
Grove of Big Trees," in Calaveras
■iud Tuolumne Counties, Califor-
HI
.< ' ~..
THE "GRIZZLY GIANT —93 I'EKT OIU- .
CXTMFfiRENCE.
tiia, and the resolution was adopted, j
and the Government acquires the
groves.
Some months ago a lumberman
bought au option on the ground for
the purpose of cutting down the big
trees and sawing them into lumber.
A cry went up in Califonia from the
snows of Mount Shasta to the orange
groves of Los Angeles, to save these
mammoths of the forest. By the ef
forts of the women of California the
matter was brought before Congress
with the above result.
These are the "sequoia gigauteas,"
or redwoods that first gave California
her reputation for having the biggest
trees on earth. Through one of them
a Concord stage coaoh may bo driven.
The stump of another, thirty feet in
diameter, is used as a dancing pavil
ion.
Redwoods like these tower up 200
feet without a limb, and then burst
out into a crown of foliage, rising 100
to 200 feet higher.
GOVERNMENT GUARDIAN'S CABIN, MARIPOSA GROVE.
Homo scientists say thev are 1300
years old. Others insist that they
must be 6000 years old —older than
Christianity, older than the Mosaic
law.
These trees have outlived the natu
ral age or cycle in which they be
longed. The climate and surround
ings of to-day are not congenial and
they are slowly dropping their limbs
and wearing away with age and
weather.
Home of these grooves of trees were
offered for sale recently at ridicuously
low prices—§20 an acre foi large
tracts that have in some places six or
YOSEMKTE STAGE COACH OX THE "FALLEN MONAIJCH."
seven of the great trees upon each
acre.
It is difficult to realize that but for
the prompt action of Congress, for a
few dollars one could have bought a
tree so old that our entire civilization
has lasted for a time which is only tho
fraction of its age. People of Cali
fornia have beeu accustomed to look
upon them as the deities of that land.
No wonder a summer day spent in
the Sierra Nevadas under the red
woods is ono never to be forgotten.
The win 1 may blow if it will, but so
faintly does sound descend that it
seem more like the rolling of a dis
tant ocean. Sound and silence alike
ero majestic and impressive in those
surroundings.
Here Bret Hart located ono of his
most fascinating stories, with an In
dian lover living in a spacious hall
within a hollow tree. Here he hides
and shields from danger of outlaws
his paleface sweetheart. AVhat more
romantic place iu which to unfold the
love of a wild, passionate child of na
ture?
Many of the hollow trees in tho
grove have served tho more prosaic
purpose of homes for miners aud pros
pectors. In 1853 one of the largest
trees iu the Calaveras grove was cut
down and the trunk smoothed off.
Five men were busy over three weeks
felling it by means of burning and
the use of pump augers. The stump
is twenty-four aud a half by twenty
three feet, and Professor Whitney
counted 1255 annular rings, which,
making allowanoe for the core of the
tree, indicates au age of about 1300
years.
That a vast difference exists be
tween the ages of these trees is now
generally accepted as a fact, and this
tree was evidently of the younger
generation. The stump of tho tree
cut down has served various purposes
—theatrical performances have been
held upon it; over thirty people at
a time have dauced upon it; a news
paper, the Big Tree Bulletin, flour
ished for d time from its surface.
Upon the fallen tree itself was main
tained a tenpin alley and a reception
room.
The Baptist Church in Santo. Rosa
was, with ihe exception of the arches,
built entirely of lumber secured from
one redwood, and but half of the treo
was used at that. The ago of this
giant was estimated at 1200 years.
When one of these big trees gives
up the ghost and falls under a stress
of wind, it, goes down like au avalanche
of the Sierras. The ground trembles
and the crash and ruin in its path
mark a tragedy of nature.
The "Father of the Forest" in the
Calaveras grove, which fell not long
ago, had seen a thousand years wheu
the great majority of its present asso
ciates were either non-existeut or
literally but little larger thau mustard
seeds. Its first limbs are 100 feet
from the base, and, with a diameter
of six feet, compare favorably with
the largest trees of the country east
of the Rockies. There are 125 trees
in the lower and upper groves ever
forty feet in circumference. In the
Yosemite National Park, in a belt
about two and a half miles long by
two miles wide is the next largest
grove of redwood trees. Here are
some 600 trees which would be con
sidered too large as shade trees for
the broadest avenue. The largest has
a circumference of eighty-one feet
three feet above the earth. It is in
many ways the greatest and grandest
forest on the globe.
The big trees ar»i generally wearing
away with time and weathor, and
seem to have outlived the age in which
they belonged, so that they will drop
their limbs and topple themselves all
too soon without the vandal's axe to
bring them down. Many of them
show signs of decay, and some are
hollow at the base, though still living,
with the heart gone. In the hollows
of those woodland giauts there is fre
quently plenty of space for a comfort
■ able honse of three or four rooms,
and in one of them seventeen horses
have been sheltered at the same time
from a storm.
The gigautea is wont to play jokes
on travelers, and they are elephantine
enough to be serious. The camper is
never tempted to seek rest in the
grasses and ferns and shrubs at its baie,
for he is liable to bo bombarded with
cones, and as they are about the size
and weight of eggs, a drop of several
hundred feet gives them surprising
force. But tlxo real danger lies in the
limbs, which frequently fall, though
the tree may apparently have none to
spare.
In the Mariposa grove there oro
iliinpsßfe-
THE ROADWAY Kt'N'S THROUGH THE TREE
standing 365 large sequoias—ono foi
every day in the year. This grove
was donated by Congress to Califor
nia in trust at the same time (186-1)
and by the same act as the Yosemito
Valley, and is mauaged by the same
board of commissioners. A troop ef
cavalry guards the domain.
Wherein Woman tfl Superior lo Man.
In three things only are women
superior to men; they are superior to
meu as nurses, as teachers of young
children, and no man can trim a hat
equal to a woman. In all other re
spects men are the superiors ol
women. The best cooks are men; the
best housekeepers are men. Although
nearly every girl takes piano lessonr
and studies music, all of the great
piano-players and musicians are men.
These facts have been demonstrated
by thousands of years of experience.
Women who are trying to become
lawyers, and who imagine that they
can divide up the world's material re'
wards with men, should remember
that they carry a serious handicap:
nature intended that women should
travel in certain paths, and will not
reward them in other direotions.
Women are natural nurses and natural
teachers. They should be natural
housekeepers and cooks; they would
be if they didn't fritter away so much
of their time in running after loolish
things.—Atchison Globe.
The tramways, omnibuses and un
derground railway in and around Lon
don, within a radius of five miles,
carry each year, it ia calculated, about
453,000,000 passengers.
TROLLEY AND AUTOMOBILE.
The Feature# of Both Combined In One
Vehicle.
EFFORTS to com
bine the princi
ples of the auto-
I mobile and the
trolley have re-
C suited in an ex
llffil-fj periment being
akXr-'psjjj*!!/'. IC-made by a French
inventor, M.
Lombard-Qeriu,
Vv'lly one-half mile
v long, has been
Jaid down alone; the Seine just out
side of Paris. This inventor's scheme
is to equip the "trolley," that is, the
suppor', which runs on the trolley
wire, with an individual motor, in ad
dition to the motor driving the ve
hicles, so that it is self-propelling and
has au independent movement of its
own, irrespective of the movement of
the vehicle on the ground, though de
pendent upon and proportional to the
speed of such movement.
Briefly the out lit consists of a
~ .
AUTOMOBILE AXI» TKOLLEY COMBINED,
double trolley wire, suspended about
twelve inches apart, on brackets sup
ported on poles along the side of the
roadway; a "trolley," consisting of
two bearing wheels, an electric motor
for their operation; a long flexible
cable connecting the trolley with the
vehicle running on the street, by
means of which current is supplied to
Ihe series motor which propels it.
Tins unique arrangement gives great
freedom in the operation of the ve
hicle. as it can be operated on the side
close to, or away from, the trolley
wires. The wagon can turn out for
teams without interfering with its
operation or placing undue strain on
the troiley wires, and go backward or
forward At will, ascend or descend
hills or steep grade, and, in fact, exe
cute auy mancruvre that would be ex
pected of a vehicle pulled by horses
along a thoroughfare.
The flexible cable, twenty-five or
thirty feet long, which does duty for
the ordinary trolley pole, is connected
to tho vehicle at the top of a standard
some thirteen feet above the level of
the ground, additional cable being
wound on a drum, if it is required.
While the trolley wires may make
sharp turns, following curves or bends
in the roadway, it is evidout that two
vehicles operated from the same trol
ley wires could not pass each other
going in opposite direction. This is
overcome, however, by arranging the
connections of the flexible cables so
that they can instantly bo transferred
from one vehicle to another, all tho
fittings being interchangeable. Thus,
if two automobiles met while going in
opposite directions, it would only be
necossary for them to exchauge trol
leys, by exchanging cable connections,
when they could continue on their re
spective ways.
Slaughter ot Heron*.
The battle wage 1 by the Audubou
Society against the fashion of wearing
bird's feathers anil the
egret has been so effective as to seri
ously influence the sale of those bits
of millinery. With a view of meeting
the objeotion of women to purchasing
these plumes those interested in their
sale have been very successful in their
efforts in circulating the story that
the herons, from which the egrets are
taken, are uo longer slaughtered, but
they are regularly farmed for the pur
pose and the egret gathered up when
cast by the birds.
In all cases whish have been inves
tigated by the American Ornitholo
gists' Union Committee on Bird Pro
tection there is absolutely no truth in
the reports.
SCALP OF HHROX CONTAINING EGRET
Tho latest advices from collecting
grounds in tropical America state
positively that, tho birds are being
shot wherever found.
The accompanying cut shows thf
scalp of a heron killed for the purpose
of securing the bird's head feathers.
Seneca, when tired writing his trea
tises on morals, found amusement in
going over his acoountb and caloulat.
inc how much interest was daelbim-
CAa\.AAAAAJv. A
\ FARM AND GARDEN^
Roy llfHfi Jldiil for Cow*.
»Vith dairy cows, soy beau meal
takes the place of linseed meal, being
somewhat richer in protein, a laxative
feed, and softening the butter fat.
Not over three ponuds per day should
be fed to a cow, and the softening ef
fect on tho but top may be overcome
by giving feeds having the opposite
tendency, such us corn, kallir corn
and cottonseed meal.
Til. A<lvin»>«?» or llwni-r Trm-n.
Dwarf fruit trees are stated to have
certain advantages over high trees:
(I) A large liumner can be grown in
very limited space; (2) the cultivation
of vegetables and flowers near them
can bo accomplished without fear of
shade; (3) they produce beautiful and
excellent fruits; (1) they are an orna
ment to the vegetable garden; (5) they
have the advantage of resisting the
wiuds of autumn which cause the
fruit of high trees to full before ma
turity.
The l)nnn?e to Foliage.
During the droughts and hot days
of the past parching summer much
damage to foliage was caused upon
certain crops and trees, notably sugar
beets, canlitlowers, che.ries and
maples. The leaves of the sugar
beets went down as though struck by
blight or similar disease, the young
cauliflower plants lost many of their
unfolding tender blades through
parching and death of their margins,
and cherries and maples in certain lo
culities stood denuded long before
time for foliage to fall. These injuries
occurred soon after days in late sum
mer wheu tho drought had beeu long
continued and when hot parching
winds made a sudden demand on the
on tho plants for more moisture.
That tho injury was due to tbi 4 cause,
excessive transpiration, and not either,
to lack of water due to drought, or to
disease, has beeu demonstrated by
the New York agricultural experiment
station.
filvin-; M«<lli'iiie to floi-nei.
To givo the horse a drench or bolus
requires both skill and patience with
exceeding gentleness. All solid medi
cines should be at tirst reduced to
powder and then rolled in some viscid
material to form a paste in an oblong
cylinder mass about two and one-half
inches long. "Place tho right hand
flat over the bones of the unimal's
nose, grasping each side, thus to
steady tho head, while with the left
haud the operator seizes the tongue,
drawing it outward to the offside, tho
fingers resting on the lower jaw for
support. This will secure the tongue
from being drawn ont too fa-. The
bolus should bo grasped between the
first, second and third linger tips of
the right hand and carried over the
tongue to the back of tho month."
Withdraw the right hand quickly and
also lelease the tongue, instantly
closing tho horse's month and holding
his jaws together In giving u draught
or drench, which is the liquid form of
administering mediciue, use a horn,
or a perfectly cleau tin bottle. Stand
on tho offside of the horse and "in
sert the fingers of the left haud with
in the angle of the month," drawing
away the animal's cheek iu order to
form a suitable pouch into which the
fluid is poured "iu small and succes
sive dose< as the creature permits it
to pass down the gullet. Tho neck of
the bottle, therefore, does not enter
the mouth and injuries from that
source aro entirely avoided. The
tongue must be left quite free, as it is
a most effective agent iu carrying
fluids onward to the gullet, and its
action greatly facilitates the operation
of drenching."—Our Animal Friends.
l*ointH on Rutteriiiakiug.
In the tirst place good cows are a
necessity. A scrub which gives in
different milk half the year is one of
the great leaks oil many farms. Next,
cows must be well-sheltered, well-fed
and kiudlv treated, this last being far
more essential than most people
think. Cows which are stabled should
be well brushed and the udder wiped
with a damp clotli to prevent the fine
dust of the barn falling into the pail.
This is one cause of bitter milk iu
winter. A wire strainer with a fine
thin cloth over it keeps everything
else out of the milk. Tin pans are
easier kept sweet, lighter to handle
and I thiuk the cieaui rises better in
them thau crocks.
The milk should not be covered un
til the animal warmth is out of it. The
sooner it cools the more cream rises.
In snmiiio - the pans cau be set iu
cold water and the water drawn off
when warm and renewed. A shallow
zinc box, like the top of a siuk, only
large enough to accommodate all the
milk of one milking, is handy. 'lha
box should be as deep as the pans,
with a spout to let the wa'er off. One
bucket of water would be sufficient to
cool the milk. The pans can be left
here until next milking or when cool
set flat on the cellar floor. A frame
of lath large enough to cover all the
milk can be made with legs t\yo or
three inches higher thau the pans.
Over this stretch muslin and tack
tightly. It cau be set to one side or
raised up on end and down again, cov
ering or uucoveriug all or as much
as you wunt at once. The mus
lin cau be taken off aud washed, and
it does away with somuuy lids to scour
and snn aud the milk is better thau
when shnt up tight.
Tin buckets are the best for the
cream. In winter I hang my bucket
up near the ceiling and ripeu my
cream as well as in summer. In sum
mer I skim sweet and hang in the
well, so without ice can make good
butter the year ronud. Miik mast, be
regularly skimmed aud tho cream rejf-
ularly "burned wiuter and sniaaer.
Thirty-six hours is loug enough for
milk to set, and '24 is too long if the
milk clabbers. Cream should ba
churned at least every other day in
summer and twice a week in winter.
Sixty degrees in summer and 65 to 70
in winter is about the proper tempera
tares to begin churning, for the warm
air will raise it a little in summer and
cool it in winter.
Stop churning when the buttei
comes and draw off the milk. I like
to wash the butter thoroughly by
whirling the churn, ol'iuging watei
until it runs clear. \Y ork just enough
to mix the salt. The grain then re
mains and the butter is rich, sweet
■ and toothsome. Too much working
makes it solid and tallowy ami tie
s troys the sweet buttery taste. J
, never work over butter that come''
lf solid in granules. I find customers
prefer it this «ay and every bit ol
milk aud water can be got out il
; churned at the right temperature,
j There a e people in every town who
are willing to pay a good price* for
gilt-edge butter, and cows can be
i made to be a source of revenue, not
to be despised by the farmer's family,
even when only a few are kept.—S. is
j Wolcott in Ameiic.in Agriculturist.
Utilize the Hone*,
j Converting the bones about tlia
farm into soluble fertilizer is ahothei
I of the small economies that it would
] be well for every farmer to heed.
\ ery often a goo l many bones of an<-
, mals that have died upon the farm
might be collected, if farmeis would
: give attention to such things; and
j quite a lot might be saved in the kit
'[ cheu in the course of a few months,
j Instea I of being thrown away to be
; carried off by worthless dogs or left
i to rot in the forest, all these bones
ought to be collected and converted
: into a good phosphate by the farmer.
A bushel or two of boues, packed
down iu strong wood ashes, and kept
wei, but not wet enough to drip, will
i make a nice lot of fertilizer iu a few
i weeks' time.
A kerosene barrel ii a good thing to
| pack them iu: First, a layer of ashes
' made wet, then a layer of bones, aud
! next another course of ashes, and so
i on. until the cask is almost full.
| Leave space enough at top to hold a
[ bucketful of water, and koep the mass
wet. If you fear your ashes are not
very strong.add some of the powdered
concentrated l.ve from time to time.
Large bones should be broken small,
but a 1 small or soft boues will soon
yield to this treatment. In a few
weeks turn the ma-s out on a tloor,
: and with a hoe or maul crush the
| bones to powder, and yon have as
: good a phosphate as the most that you
j bnv aud at far less cost.
Superphosphate is made from bonea
i treated with sulphuric acid, which re
j duces them in a fe»v hours. But the
acid is a risky article to handle, and
the farmer with only a small parcel of
boues had better go slow and safe
I with ashes, It will pay to utilize
j bones in this way. Don't let bones
lie about iu the woods where deal
animals were left, bnt gather them
up anil reduce them to fertilizer. Save
all the bones from the kitcheu, and
treat them likewise.
Slinrt ami lawful Paragraph*.
Bran is a good thing for growing
;
In gardening clean cujture is the
chief essential to success..
| It is the sheep that are kept on low,
wet pastures tliat have the foot-ro:.
Tne moral is plain.
"So foot, no ho' se," so take a look
at the feet of your animal often and
see if everything is "O. K."
Probably the most exacting of all
pursuits is fanning, as it requires con
stant and careful watchfulness.
Make it a habit to wash the cow's
; udder before milking. Most habits
| are bad, but this is one of the good
i ones.
lie sure your poultry get some ani
; mal food. The advicj has been given
j often,aud those who have taken it are
; the ones who are getting the eggs.
| A flock of "scrub" sheep will bring
i more profit in the hands of a well* .
I bred slieperd than a Hock of well-bred
; sheep in the hands of a "scrub"'
i sheperd.
j The weeds will soou putin an ap
! pearance. Don't let them get the
best of you, for every weed that grows
is taking just so much moisture ami
plant nutriment from your soil.
Kconmnlrnl t oncllIlon« In Switzerland.
The cost of engine building in
| Switzerland is affected not only by the
high cost of shipment of the com
pleted work, bnt also by the fact that
nearly all the principal raw materials,
especially coal and iron, must be im
ported from other countries. Wage
conditions, also, are certainly not
more favorable than those existing in
the work of her great competing
neighbor, Germany. The Swiss work
men stand as high iu respe.-t to their
standard of living and home comforts
as any of their fellow workmen on the
continent or in Fngland. I can make
no comparisons with conditions in
America. The dwellings of the Swiss
workmen are certainly a degree letter
than those of the same class in other
countries, aud nil the conditions of
life have been strongly influenced for
the better by the constant stream of
foreign travel, due to the natural at
tractions which have made Switzer
land a terminal for travelers from all
countries, furnishing examples which
hive reacted upon the standard ol
comfort of the whole population.—
.Professor A. Stodola iu Engiueeriup
Magazine.
The Province of Que'-ec require®
the barber, li st of all, to be himself
a healthy subject, fro n transmissible
offections. Then he must pass an ex
aminuti n iu disiufertioi'