AGUINALDQ'S FIGHTING MEN, The Filipino Method of Resisting the Americans is to Mass Forces Instead of Using the Skirmish Formation. INSURGENTS RECRUITED FROM VARIOUS SECRET SOCIETIES. Most of the Americans in the Phil ippines are becoming convinced that the backbone of the insurgent opposi tion is broken. There are numerous rumors pointing to an early collapse of the insurrection. One of these is that General Pio del Pilar, the best fighter among the Filipino officers, will desert Aguinaldo and give his support to the Americans. The Spaniards, reasoning from their experience with the natives, re fuse to believe that the rebellion is anywhere near put down. They de clare that the Filipinos will not take their defeat at Malolos, with the loss of the city and the removal of their 80-called government, seriously to heart. On the contrary, the Span iards predict that the insurgents will hover near the American lines, both ering them as much as possible, and, when attacked iu force, dissolve, only to reappear at other points. This sort of tactics, the Spaniards say, will be followed until the wet season compels the Americans to be housed in barracks, and then the Filipinos will return and reoccupy such towns as the United States troops do not gar rison. With the next dry season a repetition of the present operations will begin. Time alone will show how much there is in this theory; but, as against it, it must be borne in mind that the Spaniards in all their domination of the Philippines never gave the inhabitants a demonstration of power comparable in effectiveness to that given them by the United States. A priest and two members of the so-called Philippine Congress, who hid themselves in the woods during the fighting which preceded the cap ture of Malolos, returned there and declared that 2000 of the Filipino sol ditrs were anxious to give up fight ing, and would do so, but for their officers, who keep them under arms. The whole country between Malolos and Caloocau is now full of friendlies, mostly women, children aud old peo ple, who are returning to their homes, carrying white flags. The Americans are trying to gain the confidence of the inhabitants by proving to them that if they will return aud attend to their ordinary work peacefully no harm will befall them. Two hundred and fifty civilians have come back to their homes in Malolos. Two hundred women and children, with a sprink ling of unarmed men, supposed to be warriors, came to the outskirts of Ma lolos on the sea side of the city and afterward sneaked away, carrying all the goods they could. The mainstay of Aguinaldo's army are natives unused to the arts of mod ern warfare and schooled only iu the crude methods of the savage. Their INSURGENT COURIER WITH A DISPATCH FOR AGUINALDO. chief arm is the bow; their sole ambi tion revenge. They fight from fear, not through courage. They serve the ambitions of their chiefs. To them— the majority—love of country is con tracted to love, through dread, of ruler despots. To them the Eed Cross—emblematic of humanity and civilization in war— means only the suggestion for a new decoration for their half-naked bodies. FILIPINOS IN ACTION—"FIIIE AT WILL!" They would shoot without further thought the wearer of it simply to get khat decoration. These native have been described in dispatches: their guerilla style of fighting; their cruelty to foreigners who fall into their hands; their heredi tary notion of revenge. The more intelligent natives,brought up in and about Manila are the only ones who are intrusted with the mod ern gun. The Tagalos and other tribesmen would be as apt to kill them selves as the Americans with the Mau ser rifles. The reports of the tremendous losses to the natives are not surpris ing to one acquainted with their mode of warfare. Their method of attack differs widely from the cautious aud stealthy approach of the American Indian. The Filipinos seem to gain FILIPINO SOLDIERS OF AGUINALDO'S AIUIY ON DRESS PARADE. courage from companionship, and nothing in the least degree hazardous is ever attempted by a solitary native. They go hunting in pairs. They fish from their wabbly dug-out canoes al ways in company, and no native ever thinks of venturing out alone at night. In fact, a characteristic of their com plex character is their lively desire /v|fJ| FILIPINO WATCIITOWER NEAR PACO. for companionship. This trait is strongly brought out iu their method of fighting. They mass themselves i together like a lot of sheep, and, in stead of spreading out in skirmish lines, each man taking advautage of some natural obstacle for protection, they rush forward, often with arms thrown around each other, much like I a gigantic flying wedge on the football I field. With this method of approach , it is not difficult to see how the rapid fire guns of the American artillery could tear holes in their formation and no doubt lav out more men than would i have been the case had the attack been made by skirmish lines, i At present it would be a most dif ' ficult matter to say what course the ' insurgents will pursue. Aguinaldo has a fond hope for a Tagal Republic composed of the entire group. The . whole Tagal race is most ambitious. !In the insurgent army every man | wears some mark indicating position, ; for all claim to be officers of various I rank. It has not been long since Aguinaldo declared that he was ready to disband his army just as soon as assured that the United States in tended permanently to occupy the islands. But that does not mean that Aguinaldo means to keep his promise, or that he ever had any intention of j doing so, for on former occasions tli» insurgent leader has violated his promises. If the insurgents lay down their arms they will avert great trouble, aud if they are induced to do this it will be due greatly to the fear inspired by our soldiery. Most of the insurgents now with Aguinaldo are recruited from the numerous native secret organizations. The priucipal of these is the Catapu nan Society, which is said to have some connection with Free-masonry. This society has been in existence for several hundred years, aud no doubt was connected with some of the up risings against Spauish rule in the Philippines. In past years thousands of the members of this society have been subjected to imprisonment aud hundreds have paid the death penalty for supposed connection with the so ciety. But to-day the Catapuuan So ciety is stronger than ever, and has now a membership of over 600,000 in these islands. Another prominent society is the Philippine Social Club, originally formed by Dr. Bizal, who was executed for supposed participa tion iu insurgent uprisings. For a long time the natives were not Rble to maintain an organization in Manila, owing to the vigilance of the Spanish police anil spies. But the Philippine Bocial Club lived and to-day numbers iu its membership the leading Fili pinos of Manila. Just what position these societies have taken in regard to our occupation is not known. Un doubtedly they can be a great aid or a great menace to us. FREE-A FINE TROPICAL ISLAND. Lies OIF the Const of Porto Rico and May Be Had For the Asking:* Who wants a fine tropical island in the West Indies—a veritable "Pearl of the Antilles?" Such an island now belongs to Uncle Sam, but nobody lives on it except a lighthouse keeper, and nobody seems to care anything about it. It is lying down there in the Southern seas waiting for some enterprising homesteader to come along and stake out his claim. Mona has a luxuriant vegetation, is well watered and well drained. Every variety of tropical fruits will grow here, and it possesses every natural advantage that could make life easy and pleasant. It has an area of fifteen miles—nearly 10,000 acres. Mona lies forty-two miles due east of Porto Rico, in the middle of Mona Passage, to which it gives its name, and which is one of the highways of travel in the West Indies, being the widest break in the great coral reef that joins the Antilles like a string of beads. Mona comes to the United States by virtue of the second clause in the peace treaty, which cedes "the island of Porto liico and other islands now un der Spanish sovereignity in the West Indies." It has been celebrated in West Indian history for hundreds of years, nnd just why it remained unin habited except by nomadic fisher folk is hard to surmise. Nevertheless it is true that here nre nearly ten thou- MONA ISLAND, UNCLE SAM'S TROPICAL PARADISE, TO BE OPENED UP UNDER THK HOMESTEAD ACT. sand acres of land without a private owner, and which is or soon will be open to any citizen of the United States to homestead or pre-empt. In other words, here is an ocean para dise that will grow every kind of tropi cal crop—bananas, oranges, limes, guavas and other fruits; that is the nesting place of thousands of turtles, the green turtle of the Northern res taurants, and the waters around which teem with the finest variety of fish, ready to be given away to the first comers. A Mexican Want. In Mexico there is not sufficient an nual rainfall to keep cisterns filled with drinking water, and almost the only source of water is secured by hand pumps and windmills. They are necessary at every Mexican home, at all mining camps and on the cattle ranges. At the camps and on the ranges windmills are used and they are invariably of United States manu facture. There is a growing demand for windmills and hand pumps of the latest and most approved pattern. A windmill or pump is as essential to a home in Northern Mexico as a cooking stove. In consideration of the fact that pumps are such an important fac tor in the economy of domestic estab lishments, the Mexican Government admits them free of duty. The per capita cost of maintaining convicts at the Miohigan prison is thirty-eight and a half cents a day, and the average daily earnings are thirty-five and a half centt. CUTTING CABLES UNDER FIRE. I One of the Bravest needs of the War ; With Spain. When Lieutenant Hobson and his men sank the Merrimao in the chan nel of Santiago Harbor, the deed was almost everywhere hailed as the brav est of the war. This was as it should have been, but to our mind a deed equally brave was that represented in onr illustration taken from the April issue of Harper's Magazine, "Cutting tho Cables at Cienfuegos." The illus tration was drawn by R. F. Zogbaum for the third part of the "History o" the Spanish-American War," by the Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge, Senator from Masssachusetts, who in this in stalment of a most notable history discusses "The Blockade of Cuba and the Pursuit of Cervera," and gives an admirable description from an histor ical point of view, of the operations around San Juan, of Guantanazno Bay, of the bottling up of Cervera'a fleet, and of Hobson and the Merri mac. The gallant work of the men who under a galling lire cut the cables at Cienfuegos has been in the main lost sight of by reason of the more im portant and decisive battles. A brief resume of it will certaiuly not be out of place. The same day that the Winslow, the Hudson, and the Wilmington were having their action at Cardenas, far away on the southern coast of Cuba another fight was taking place, in the progress of the work of separating the great island from the rest of the world. On the night of May 10, Captain Mc- Calla of the Marblehead called for vol unteers to protect the cable-cutters in their work. The roll was soon tilled, and the next nioruiug the steam launches of the Marblehead and Nash ville, towing the two sailing launches under command of Lieutenants Wins low and Anderson, started into the harbor of Cienfuegos about quarter be fore seven. They carried a squad of marines picked for proficiency as marksmen, and a machine gun iu the bow of each boat. The Nashville and Marblehead then opened tire on the Spanish batteries, aud under cover of this, and that of the steam launches, CUTTING THK CABLES UNDER FIRE AT CIENFUEGOS. (After a drawing in Harper's Mngaziue. Copyrighted. 1891), by Harper <V Bros.) the crews of the other boats went to work. It was a perilous busi ness, but the sailors grappled aud cut successfully the two cables they had been ordered t>i destroy. They also found a small cable, but the grapnel fouled the bottom aud was lost. Mean time the Spanish tire grew hotter aud hotter, pouring out from the batteries and machine-guns, and the boats be gan to suffer. The well-directed lire from the rifles of the marines and from the one-pounders kept the Spaniards from reaching the switch-houso which controlled the submarine torpedoes, but launches could not contend with batteries at close rauge, und when the work for which they came, and which had all been performed under a heavy fire, was done, they withdrew to the ships. Nine men, including Lieuten ant Winslow, had been wounded, some seriously, and three, as was reported later, mortally. It was a very gallant exploit, coolly and thoroughly carried through, under a galling tire, and it succeeded in its purpose of hampering and blocking in the enemy at the im portant port of Cienfuegos, which was the road to Havana from the southern coast. It was another twist in the coil which the United States was tiguten ing about Cuba. A Unique House of Wornliip. It is interesting to watch the work done by missionaries the wide world over. Although Japan and China present mauy curious phases of mis sionary life, some peop:e may be sur prised to know that eveuiu the United " =- . _ SOD CHURCH IN WESTERN NEBRASKA. States there is a band of religious en ;husift»ts in the western part of Ne oraska who are doing missionary work iniong the people. They have a church, audit is a very peculiar struc ture. It is built of sods, lias a roof made of planks aud enough windows to give plenty of light for the wor shipers. It has a primitive appear ance, suggesting the period when In dians stalked through the forests, while widely separated were the set -1 tlements of the pioneers, who were j ever ready to die in defense of their I homes aud their deal- ones i FARM AMD GARDEN.] %¥▼ T T ▼ V I)o Not Plant Immature Reed. Although the results of many ex periments conducted by a number of experiment stations do not agree with each other to tlie letter, the greater part of the evidence seems to show that immature seed has a tendency to produce an earlier crop, but the plants are much weaker than those that are the outcome of seed that Las been matured. ,It is said that some large gardeners make it a practice to use immature tomato seed, thinking that this enables them to secure an earlier crop. >3«rty Spray Inc of Apple Orchard*. Most farmers delay spraying their apple orchards until they are in leaf, and often not until the effects of leaf fungus are plainly to bo seen on the foliage. This is nwidti too late, as what part of the leaf has been de stroyed cannot bo replaced no matter how effective the spraying may prove in preventing further spread of the disease. The tree is consequently weakened all the season, and its abil ity to perfect fruit or form fruit buds for next year's fruiting is impaired. There should be at least oue good sj raying before the buds burst into leaf. This may be made much stronger tliau would be safe after the tender foliage has put forth. It will need to be stronger so as to destroy the spores of fungus while they aro dormant. There is, besides, another reason of late years for spraying before the apple-leaf buds have opened, and put ting some paris green in the spray. The bud moth larva so soon as it hatches makes for the nearest bud aud eats its way in. If the spray has fallen on the bud, the first mouthful it eats is its last. Spraying before the buds open will also destroy many coiling moths which often hatch out some time before there are any young apples to deposit their eggs in. KlTwt of Corn Rot on Stock. Besidiug iu the corn belt of Illinois ami my profession being that of a vet erinarian, I have many opportunities of seeing the deleterious effects caused by stock eating rotten corn. This last fall most of the corn on the stalks throughout this section was badly af fected with mold or rot, which I be lieve was caused by the Eurotiuni glaucus, spoken of by Dr. Mayo of Kansas. As to this mold having an injurious effect on stock that eat it I also most heartily agree with Dr. Mayo. Since the third day of last November I have been called to see at least 150 cattle which had the "stag gers" or so-called enzootic cerrcbritis. J.ii every case I have seen, it was di rectly traceable to the eating of rot ten corn. Ido not know of a single case in stock that had not had access to this corn. The symptoms in each case are very similar, being those of paralysis of limbs, constipation of bowels, sup pressed urine, elevated temperature and a wild vacant stare from the eyes. The first symptom usually seen is staggering, uusteady gait, tending to pitch 011 the head, which is soon fol lowed by inability to rise when down. My experience has been that most cases yield to treatment if taken be fore or soon after they get dowu, but uearly all cases that have been dowu iK hours before treatment was begun, have succumbed, some lingering, how ever, as long as two months, but never being able to rise, although eat ing a little all the time. I have ulso been informed by two different farmers that their hogs died from the effects of eating rotten corn,but I hud no chance of seeing them while sick, nor holding post morteui examination. I have seen 110 bad effects among horses, not because they are immune, as I believe they aro as susceptible as cattle, but because they will not eat the rotten co 11, even if half starved, —George B. Jones in New England Homestead. <'OW|>Pll9. Among the publications issued by the United Ktates department of agri culture is Farmers' Bulletin No. 89, "C'owpeas," by Jared G. Smith, assist ant agrostologist. Mr. Smith in this bulletin calls at tention to the fact that thousands of tons of hay from the northern aud western states are each year marketed in the south and shows the great ne cessity for the more extended cultiva tion of grasses and forage plants iu that section. Many of the farmers aud planters of the south still confine themselves to growing cotton, sugar cane or tobacco and buy meat prod ucts and forage instead of producing them. This is 110 longer profitable, because of the low prices to which the staple crops have fallen. The bulletin says that the south has as great an abundance of varieties t 112 grasses and leguminous plants as any other section. There is perhaps greater need for the cultivation of leguminous crops tliau iu the north. The soils are more liable to the rapid exhaustion of the available plant foods, because the washing of soluble salts goes on all the year. Soils can be most profitably built up by increasing the quantity of organic matter in them, and the quickest and cheapest way of doing this is by growing leguminous forage crops and feeding them on the farm, returning all the mauure to the laud. The cowpea is to the soutli what alfalfa is to the west and red clover to the north—a forage plaut well adapted to the region. Tho cow pea has been cultivated in the south for at least one hundred and fifty years. The bulletin also describes the va rieties of the plant, its power of in creasing the fertility of the soil upon trhich it grows, and say* there :» 20 forage plant better adapted to the needs and conditions of southern agri culture than this rank-growing an nual. The feeding value of the cowpea is very high and the quality of the pork raised on it is fine. Money in Goofle Farming. The breeding and growing of geese on a large scale for market and egg purposes cot'ld undoubtedly be made profitable if handled in a practical man ner. It would be necessary to have farm range with plenty of pasture and sufficient water for the birds. It would not be necessary to have a small lake, as spring water or pond water is sufficient. Geese, a 8 a rule, do not require much grain, as the young feed almost entirely on pas ture. Our best goslings are grown to about live months age with less than one peck of grain each. After that age, if good weights are desired, furnish them with grain food. The mature or breeding stock should be fed very lightly during the spring and summer months, as over-fattened specimens are usually entirely worth less as breeders. The leading varieties for both market and egg purposes are the Toulouse, Embden, African, white and brown Chinese. As a general purpose goose, in my opinion, the Toulouse loads all other varieties; the Embdens are about the same size as the Toulouse, but much poorer layers. The Chinese are a smaller goose, but the best layers of any va*- riety. We have produced large num bers of young Toulouse at sis mouths of age, weighing 0:1 an average of 32 to 35 pounds per pair, and Chinese averaging at six months of age, when in good flesh, '24 to 28 pounds per pair. To obtain the best results in hatching it is necessary to use com mon hens to hatch and care for the young goslings. After tlie goslings are eight weeks old they may be safely turned in the fields with the old geese. The young goslings after a week old should have free access to plenty of fresh, green grass, when no grain food will be required. Young goslings are very rapid piowts and at eight weeks old will be< ver me-half grown, if properly cared foi. Considerable revenue may be ob tained from the feathers by picking the mature specimens some four or five times during the spring and sum mer months, and early goslings may also be picked during the latter part of August and again in October, pro vided they are not being fattened for market. Jt would not be necessary to secure the bast farming land for geese raising; on the other hand geese would thrive much better in low, marshy laud which had not been under drained. If properly handled I see no reason why this industry should not prove a financial success.—Charles M'Clave, in Orange Judd Farmer. Practical I>airy liules. Never use musty or dirty litter. Do not allow dogs, cats or loafers to be around at milking time. Milk with dry hands. Never allogr the hands to come in contact with the milk. All pnsons who milk the cows should have their finger nails cut closely. Whitewash the stable once or twice a year. Use land plaster in the man ure gutters daily. Use no dry,dusty feed just previous to milking; if fodder is dusty sprinkle it before it is fed. If cover is ieft oflf the can a piece of cloth or mosquito netting should be used to keep out insects. Strain the milk through a metal gauze and a flannel cloth or layer of cotton as sooa as it is drawn. If in any milking a part of the milk is bloody or stringy or unnatural in appearance the whole mess should be rejected. Keep the night's milk under shelter, so rain cannot get into the cans. In warm weather holit it in a tank of fresh, cold water. Never close a can containing warm milk which has not been aired and cooled by turning from one to the other, stirred or dipped until auimal heat is out. Throw away—but not • n the floor, better in the gutter—the first few streams from each teat. This milk is very watery, and of little value, but it may injure the rest. Allow- no strong-smelling material in the stable for any length of time. Store the manure outside tho cow stable, and remove it to a distance as often as practicable. Remove the milk of every cow at ouce from the stable to a clean, dry room,where the air is pure and sweet. I)o not allow cans to remain in stables while they are being tilled. Never keep milk in your stable or near a bad odor. If milk is stored, it should be held in tanks of fresh, cold water (renewed daily), in a clean, dry, cold room. Unless it is desired to remove crcaju, •it should be stirred with a tin stirrer often enough to prevent forming a thick cream layer. Aerate and cool tho milk as soon as strained. If an apparatus for airing and cooling at the same time is not at hand, tho milk should be aired first. This must be done in pure air, and it should then be cooled to 45 degrees; 60 degrees if for home use or delivery to a factory, or delivery for domestic use sold by pint or quart. Very Much Mixed. At auction sales things are very much mixed. In a recent catalogue there was a"Court waistcoat, worn by King Charles ll,embroidered and worked in silk," and "a jockey's cap and sleeve worn by the late Fred Archer when !>• rode for Lord Rosebery."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers