IM 113 III IM lirl THE BLESSINGS OF GOTEBSHI5T, LIKE THE DETTS OF HXATES, SHOULD BE DI5TSIBPTEO ALIKE UPOIT THE HIQH AND THE LOW, THE EICH ASD THE POOR. EW SERIES. EBEXSBl'RG. Pi. WEDNESDAY, JULY 17 1801. TERMS: . JEIIOCRAT & SENTINEL IS PUB-1-7 lishel every Wednesday Morning at :se Dollar asd Fifty Cents per annum, vivable ia advance; Ose Dollar and Seventy r'ivs Cents if not paid within six months, and T.ro Dollars if not paid until the termination ihj year. No subscription will be taken for a shortei r-riod than six months, and no subscriber will be i; liberty to discontinue his paper until all ar 'razes are paid, except at the option of the ft; tor. Any person subscribing for six months will be ;'..are l os e dollar, unless the money is paid Advertising: Kates. One inserVn. Tvro do. 'Three do 1 square, J squares, Z squares, fl2 lines $ 50 $ To $1 00 1 00 1 00 2 Oo 1 50 2 00 3 0C. 3 months. 6 do. 12 do : $1 50 $3 00 $5 00 2 50 4 50 9 00 4 00 1 00 12 00 6 00 9 00 14 00 10 00 12 00 20 00 15 00 22 00 35 00 24 lines 36 lines s lines or less. ! square. I"12 lines i squires. 24 lines " squares, 36 lines" '- a'f a coiumn, column. f- All advertisements must be marked with --: i-aher -f insertions desired, or they will be nt'.nued until forbid, and charged accordingly THE LAW OF NEWSF A PE RS. 1. Subc-riders who do not give express notice contrary, are considered as wishing to con their subso-ripn-n. 2. If subscribers order the discontinuance of ;--.v-fi:"vs. trie publisher may contiuue to send . .. .;'ri'.t:tl arrearages are paid. If subscribers nesileet or refuse to take thtir ..- rs ir'-.:i the ofrioe to which they are directed, ; ace he'd responsil le until they have settled : bills and or b.-red them discontinued. m 4. If subscribers remove to other places with it i'.r rr.iiaz the publisher, and the newspapets -- : t tha former direction, they are held r-:;ril'e. T.e e.'Orts h;tvi als repeatedly decided that a f ,... str who ne-glects to perform his duty of- ; v: : ream-0-le n. 'tice as required by tl:e r2U .i;s ..r the Pest Oili-e Department, of the t f a pers-.n to take from the office tsews - a -'oress- l to him. renders the Postmaster i the pub'isher fr the subs-rption. PRESIDENT'S HESS AGE. Yi LI 0 A-ClTI.TE.VS OF TIIE SENATE A N I IIt;F. V.: ?r:rsFNTAT!Vts: Having in c -r.ver.f d ; an extraordinary ca?tn as authorize! by O-ustitv.ti . r lir.arv n. y-ur attention is n ot called t ikl.t'o: :. At the be ;.:.'S cf the rrci.-t rresidci.t"a! t.--rm. fur L..r..Ls f.go. the fi;n:tl..:.3 f t'.io Fedmd G ;vero-.'-at were f und t be generally sif-pc-ad-d witli :: the several Stare of South Carolina, Georgia. Alabama, Mississippi. I."i.-iana and Florida, t- vceptinr only those r f the Post Ofa ;e Depart ment. Within these States the f -rts. arenal. d.H-ks. vards, cist -m houses and the like, includ ing the cicvcAlo ai.d s.atiotiary .r'-prty ;u r.r.d a':..ut them, had l.-en sv:z'..l and ha 1 Veen in hostility to this rovernm , exer . :..v T rt- Picket,?. Tayl-.r and Jf-Sl-rs- n. r.n a-.d rear f" F! r" la ?--.at, and Fort S in ter, in C aile-t htrhor. South Carolina. The f.Tts tiitis seized i i-1 :-vvt :r. in improved conditions, ne'.v t n s r i ! 1. en biti't. an 1 armed f.rce- had Vkh n reran -i..t-d & id were ' r i7iiz:n j, all avowedly with the -r...'h--stile pnrp p. The forts rema!:i;::S in the --i-a f the Fulcra! Goverr.mnt a a: A rear t S:at-'s w?re either beseid r jivnl by .:li'.:.v r-r-piriti a. and esrcia'lv F rt S i T-r .v.-. ;i-irly s irro'jcJei by well pr-..vt: I u'-s- batu-ries, with guns ejnal in quality to the u.t --f its own. and outnumbering the latter as f::.:;;s tti. to one. A dispr 'portior.a'e h ire of t"..e Federal mask-.ts and rill's hid r.ieaow -- '. n-.,i. .1..- thou St !( r.n i f.a : ! -r. - t le use-.! agiiast the government. Ao cirru'ati ns ef the public revenue lying within then; had been st-iz-o l for the same obj.-;t. The r.a.y v. as s -attc-rel ia distant teas, leaving a very sir...'.! part r.f it within the immediate reach of i g -ve-rnrueat. Oiiicers of the Federal army l navy had lesi'gried in great numbers, and of r..--se re-si zni tig a large proportion had taken up a -.5 agv.ist the government. Sir.iultaneously aad in connection with all this, tho purpose to sever the Federal Union was openly avowed, in ax.rdance with this purpose, an ordinance had hvn adopted in each of th'ose States declaring the States respectively to be separated from the National Unkn. A formula for instituting a ii.bir.ed g verumcnt of these States had been t r-.mulgate-l, and this illegal organization, in the character of Confederate States, was invok-h-g re-eognition, aid and intervention from for eign powers. Finding this condition of things, r.d Lelk" ing it to be the imperative duty upon the incoming Executive to prevent, if possible, the consummation of such attempt to destroy the Federal Union, a choice of means to that end became indispensable. This choice was made, v.d w as declared in the Inaugural Address. T..e policy chosen leaked to the exhaustion of a.l peaceful measures before a resort to any stronger ones. It sought only to hold the public places and property not already wresteel from the Government, and to collect the revenue, rely ing for the rest on time, discussion and the ballot box. It promised a continuance of the mails at Government's exp-ense to the very people who were resisting the Government, and it gave re peated p!edoes against any ellsturbance to any of the people of any of their rights, of all that which a President might c onstitutionally and justifiably do in such a case. Everything was forborne, without which it was believed possible to keep the government on foot. On the fifth ot March, the present incumbent's first full day in office, a letter of Major Anderson, commanding at Fort Surater, written on the 28th of February, and received at the War Department on the 4th of March, w-as by that department placed in his hands; this letter expressed the professional cP'.nion of the writer that re-icforcemeuts could tot be thrown into that Fort within the time for L: rehef, rendered necessary by the limited sup-t-i of prvvisk'D, and witi a view of hcliing possession of the same, with a force of less than 20,000 good and well disciplined men. This opinion was concurred in by all the officers of his command, and their memoranda on the subject were made enclosures of Major Anderson's letter. The w hole was immediately laid before Lieuten ant General Scott, who at once concurred with laj. Anderson in opinion. On reflection, howev er, he took full time, consulting with other offi cers both of the army and the navy, and at the end of four days came reluctantly, but decidedly, to the same conclusion as before. He also stated at the same time that there was not a sufficient force then at the control of the Govrmment, or could be raised and brought to the ground within the time when the provisions in the Fort would be exhausted. In a purely mlitary point of view this reduced the duty of the Administration, in this case, to look to the mere matter of getting the garrison safely out of the Fort. It was be lieved, however, that to so abandon that posi tion, under th circumstances, would be utterly rniuous, ami the necessity uuder which it was to be done would not be fully understood ; that by many it ould be construed as-a part of volunta- ry policy; that at home it would discourage the the people haa c;i sen a urge majority oi pn-iess- rauaui oo ueuru-u me iramers ei i:.e n.sia i.:e-ui ( mi i a t''uu-.:.o ia ie j-.iivicai sense ei t:.e i k ao.i:.ji.n su.i. a -tri.'.oi , ur. wen u friends e'f the Union, embolden its adversaries, i el Union men. Sxn after the fall of Sumter, j intended that, in every case, the danger should term ? Would it le far wron; to define it ? A i hr. m dcer.m of what j nciple it is he and go far to insure to the latter a recognition ' many members of that majority w.-nt over to the run. its court until Gm gross could. te calle.1 to- political community without a rr.Utieal superior. ' 'v."J'j erVl ltJtitutTw"'. -"1 t- be - i - - . r r aoroao : tnat, in lact, it wouiJ be our national , oncmai uisunicin muieriiy, auj iui iuuu auo gcmvi, ilc x-ujuww u " "'oi .-"sot " v.-. iV iu- ij iw cui ca-! tri.i. iiia5 ir.tcn ivl ti ".ve s. ii.ulIi el z.-l to u.e destruction con.-ummated. This cculd not be al- i tesl an ordinance for withdrawing the State from lowel. Starvafi. n was not yet upon the garri- the Union. Whether this change was wrought son, and ere it would be reached, Fort Pickens by tluir great approval of the assault upon Sum mi'ht be re-inforeed. This last would be a clear tor, or the great resentment at the Government's indication cf policy, and would better enable the ; resi.-tanee to the r.ssault, is not definitely known, country to accept the evacuation of Fort Sumter ! although the- submitted the ordinance fir ratifi a a military necessity. An order was at once cation to a vote of the people, to be taken on a directed to be sent for the landing of the tr.ns . dav then somewhat more than a month distant. from the steamship Prklyn into Fort Pickens. ; The Convention and the Legislature, which was nary and so long-continued, as to leal some . can on.y uo so against law, Ly rc-votut:on. T-.e This order cculd'not go by land, but must take also ;n session at the same time and place, with j foreign nations to shape- their actions a if the? Lnion, and not their.selve?, sej armed, jTccure d the longer and slower route by sea. The first re- j leading men cf the State not mcmlers of cither, supiose.l the early destruction cf our National ; their indsrvlence, a:.d their liUrty by co-quest turn news from the order was received but one j immediately commenced acting as if the State; Union was probable. While this, on discovery, i or purchase. TLe Unk-n gave each of them wLat week befoie the fill of Fvrt Sumter. The news i were already out of the Union. The v rushed gave the Exeeutive s, me concern, he is now hap- j ever in lepenuence aud liberty it had ; the Unkr. itself was that the ctH.ers commaa.Iing the Sa- i military preparations vigorously forward, all over ! py to say that the sovereignty and rights of the bine, to which vessel the troeps had leei trans- the State: they seizeel the United States Armory United States aie now everywhere practically ferre-d from the Br.. klyn, acting upon sr-me ! at Harper's Ferry, and the Navy Yard at G.s- respected by foreign powers, and a gen.-r.ii syra qKctsi armktiee of the 1 ite administration, and of p..rt, near Noifo'.k; they rccelve.1, perhaps invi- ; pathy with the country is manifested through -it the existence cf wt.k-h the present administration, te-d into their State large bodies of troops, with ! the won!. up to the time the order was dispatched had enly ' th-ir war like appointments, from the s: called ! The reports f the Secretary of tl e Treasury, t.-o vague and uniertaTn rum-.rs to fix attentkn, ref-iscl to land the trocr;. To now re inf. re , F. rt rkke-Ls btf.-re a crisis woul I Le reached at Fort Sun.ter w.is imp--.ssib'.e, rendered s j by the near haustk-n of provi.-i.ns in t'ne latter nan.ed Fort. In precaution against snob a conjecture, the Government had, a fe-w days before, com menced preparing an expedition, as well adapted as might le, to relieve F -rt Sumter, which expe dition was intended to be ultimately used or not according to circumstances. Ti.e strongest an ticipate 1 case for u-ing. it was now pre-scnted ar.d it was r 'Solved to si; lit frward, as had I eon intended in this contingency. It was also resolve-1 to no tify the Governor of South Carolina that he m;i:ht expect an attempt would be made to provision that Fort, and if the attempt should not be resiste-d there we v.h! be no effort to throw an arming of those States to prevent the Union in men. arm; "r arr.rnur.ith'n without further nc- ; forces passing one way or the disunion the ether, tic--, or h; ease f an attack upon the Fo-rt. This ' over thi-ir soil. This would le disuiaon ror.ip'e . tice was ace r-linnlv n.ive-n. whereupon the; f.it , ted i ficruratively steakinir, it would be the build ras aftT 'ked aid bombar Iel to its fail, without even av.alting the airha! .f th. previ- iis expe ii- It is l:.t. h.ot tc asccu.t upo'U 1.1 the reduction e-f Fort S'lmter was in no sec?e a matter -f self defuse rn the part of the ass.dl- ants. Thev well knew that the irarrison in the lol C COUHl UV IiO p'lSSIUlilly cOIllIIiiC ao;iessiOil ur-on t! em." Thev knew thev were exnresslv no- I r i ....n 1 -i::. ,.:,.. tifiv.1 that th,- crivit - of bread to the few brave ' and hun-ry men rf tie -arris -n was all which ,1 1 ,.r tv.t ,,A..n a,t,mr.tft1 Mk, I i thems-lvc-s, by restricting so much, should pro- j Vi v 1 - i . It' T I I r C I.e V. i 1 i , ;S t riJ ei IlLilC liL i .i . i .1 .1 : . c . , 4- i ! in be-fore stated, to time, discussion and the b;d- 1 ot b x. for a final adjstment, and they assailed and reduced the fort for precisely the reverse ob ject, to drive out the visible authority of the Federal Union, and thus force it to an immediate dissolution. That this war was their object the Exeeutive well understood. And having said to them ia the inaugural address you can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors he t'ok pains not only to keep this declaration good, but also keep the case so free from the power of ingenious sophistry as that the world should not be able to misunderstand it. By the affair at Fort Sumter, with its surrounding cir cumstances, that point was reached then, and thereby the assailants of the Government began the conflict of arms without a gun in sight or in expectancy to return their fire, save only the few in the fort, sent to that harbor years before for their own protection, and still ready to give that protection. In whatever was lawful in this act, discarding all else, they Lave forced upon the country the distinct issue immediate dissolution or blood and this issue embraces more than the fate of these United States ; it presents to the w hole family of man, the questions whether a Constitutional Republic or Democracy, a govern ment of the people by the same people can or cannot maintain its territorial integrity against its own domestic foes. It presents the question, whether discontented individuals, too few in num bers to confrol administrations according to or ganic law in any case, can always, upon the pre tences made in this case or on any other pretence or arbitrarily without any pretence, break up their government and thus practically put an end to free governments upon the earth. It forces us to ask, is there in all republics this interest end fatal weakness ? Must a Government ofa necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own jteople, nr too weak to maintain its own exist ence ? So viewing the issue, no choice was left de-:red to kee p tie arrisou ia the fort not to Unicn xind while very many wLo have favored j their government if the government itself w ill do ; large sums, m t..e a-cru.ur, I betteve st hua- ers and outies . -t u.e I c-cc-ra. Government reia asil them, but to merely maintain visible pos- it are doubtless loyal, it is, nevertheless, very in- ! its part only indigently well It might seem rU o, the aU.nal . t. tl, f-ft session, and thus to preserve the Union from ac- j jurious in effect. Ilecurnng to the action of the j at first thought to be of little difference weedier , cu. ,u,.lX ,.r ph,..;; making any ret-rn 1 Invg iral Ad iress. He desires to preserve the tual an d immediate dissolution, trusting, as here- i Government, it may be stated that at first a call ; the present movement at the South be called se- j The nation is now ia debt for money applied to Government that it may be administered for all but to call out the war power of the Government, and so to resist force employed fur its destruction, by f jrce for its preservation. The call was made, and the response of the country was most grati fying, surpassing in unanimity and spirit the most sanguine expectation. Yet none of the States commonly called Slave States, except Delaware, gave a regiment through regular State organization. A few regiments hare been organ ized within seme others of those States by indi vidual enterprise, and received into the govern ment service. Of course the seceded States, so called, and to which T,exas had been joined about t the time of the inauguration", gave no troops to the cause of the LVion. TLe border-states, so called, weie not uniform in their action, some of them being alniot fur the L'uion, while in others. as Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Ar- ; kansas, the Union sentiment was nearly repressed j aul silenced. The course taken iu Virginia was ; the most remarkable, perhaps the most importaut. J A convention, elected by, the j eople of that j State, to cons isider this very question of disrupting Union, was in session at the Capitol the Federal of Virginia when Fort Sumter "fell To this bi-nly seceded States; they formally entered ir.to a treaty e f temporary alliance and co-operation . with the s cal'ei Confe-lerate States, and sent . menders of their Congress to Montgomery; and . finally they ppnuitted the insurrectionary gov- t .t to be transferred to their capital at ! Iiiehmond. Ti.e peu le of Virginia have thus all -wed this ir'a-.t in-urreotion to make its nest within hT borders, and this government has no choice kft but to deal with it where it finds it : and it has the kss regret as the 1-yal citizens have in due ef men is alout one tenth of those ef pre.per ages f -rrn claimed its protection. Those loyal citizens ' within the regions where apparently all are wil th is government is b -mid to recognize and pro ling to engage, and the sum is boss than a twe-nfy- tt-e-t, as K'r.g Virginia. In the b-. rder St.-.t' s, so cill-. l, in fact the mid. He State, there ere those w! favor a policy of armed neutrality that is, inj of an impassable wall along the line of sepa- .n -i..t vfrf mf mkHp n imnas.sit1.Trt o. 1 lor under the guise of neutrality, it would tie the liands of the Union men and freely pass sup- i plies from among them to the insui reactionists, which it could net d as an open er.emr. At a ... i- : ..j ..o. ,Ti ,.-.:. to , ti.o l. -m, u : - . . S . 1 re O , I L. nuuiu aieo an .ie iivuui.vu i..i.. ) of secession, except only what proceeds from the ' external blockade. It would do for the disun- , ionists that which of all things they most elc-sire ; fee,l them well and irive them disunion without 1 - a struggle oi their own. it recognizes no n-ie.iiy i i I .rt - i tn inn nn r.i , iiit:nn t.i n.nnrotn trirt LJ L IiO e-umu l.VH, e-iy...w.e. .............. ...w was made for 7-3,000 mi'.itia, and rapidly follow- ing this, a proclamation was issued lor clewing ' understock the difference. At the beginning they the ports of the insurrectionary districts, by pro- j knew they could never raise their treason to any eeedings iu the nature ofa blockade. So far all , respectable magnitude by any name which im was believed to be strictly legal. j plies violation of law ; they knew their people At this point the insurrectionist? announced ; possesseid as much of moral sense, as much cf their purpose to enter upon the practice ef priva- ' devotion to law and order, and as much pride iu teerini- Other calls were made for volunteers to serve three vears unless sooner discharged, and also, for large additions to the regular army aud ' otic people. They knew they could make no ad naw. There measure, whether legal or no., ! vanccment, directly in the teeth of these strong were ventured upon under what apt eared to be Socn after the first call for militia, it wasconsid- ered a duty to authorize the commanding Gener al, in proper cases, according to this discretion, to suspend the privilege of the writ cf habeas corjius, or in other words, to arrest and detain, without resort to the ordinary processes and forms of law, such individuals as he might deem dangerous to the public safety. This authority has purposely be-ec exercised but very sparingly. Nevertheless the legality and propriety of what has been done under it are questional, and the attention of the country has been called to the propeition that one who is sworn to U ke care that the laws be faithfully executed should not him3elf violate therm Of course som j consideration was given to the questions of power and propriety bo-fore this matter was acted upon. The whole of the laws which were required to be faithfully execut ed were being resisted and failing of execution in nearly one-third of the States. Must they be al lowed to finally fail c f execution, even had it been perfectly clear that ly the use of the means neces sary to their execution some single law made in such extreme tenderness of the citizens' liberality that practically, it relieves more of the guilty than of the innocent, should to a very limited a popular demand and a public necessity, trusting j menctd by an insidious debauching ol the pubac promise to remain, loe secesieis insi-t that ear -.e' end ! the trtiarantj mention'-.:. i.en an then as now, that Congress would readily ratify mind; thev invented an ingenious s phisrn, which, j Constitution admits ef secession. Ti-ey have end i, lawtu! a :d bh.gatory, the n.d:rpasal!e them. It is bcl,eve,l that nothing has Undone! if concedeil, was followed by perfectly logical , t'T ' Ti!. bevond the constitutional competency of Congress. ' steps, through all the incidents to the complete : ,.ir,vi,,r rrt,vn--! rh;' t nfiioTi as thev i nive fund the dutv ef euu loving the war pow- extent be violated ? To state the question more directly, are all the laws but one to go unexecu ted and the government itself go to pieces least that one be violated. Even in such a case would not the oEcial oath be broken if the government should be overthrown when it was believed that disregarding the single law would tend to pre serve it. But it was not believed that this ques tion wa-i presented. It was not believed that any law was violated. The provision of the Con stitution, that the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus -.aall not be suspended, unless when, in cases orbellion or invasion, the public safety may require it, is equivalent to such a provision that such privilege may be suspended when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety does reqnire it. It was decided that we have a case of rebellion, and that the public safety dees require the qualified suspension of the privilege of the writ which was authorized to be made. Now it is insisted that Congress and not the Executi-e, is vested with this power ; but the C'UstitTition itself is silent as to which or who is j to exere' the power, and as the provision was j plainly made for a dangerous emergency, it prevented, as was inlendel in this case by the i rebellion. No more extended argument is now , cc i - o 1. ti 1. I ' 1 OI: bly be presented by the Attorney General. j Whether there shall be any legislation upon the ; subject, and if any, what, is subniittd entirely j to the better judgment (f Cjngress. The f.-ri-ear- ; ance of this Government hal been so extraordi- War and the Navy will give the information in detail, deemed necessary and convenient !-rvour deliberation and action, while tne f.xecutive and all the Departments will tUnd ready to supply omissioris cr to communicate new Ucts coi.sider ed important fjr yeu to know. It is now recem- neuded that vuo give the legal means f..r making his contest a short aad decisive .,ue; that r,u , , , , lace at the Control of the government for the nei. t r work at least four hundred thousand men an : four hundred millions of dollars. That number third part of the money value owned by the nuii who seem ready to devote the whole. A debt of six hundred millions cf now is a less sum per head than was the debt of our Involution when we came out of that struggle, aod the money value in the country now bears even a greater proportion to what it was then than does the jopulatkn. Surely each man has as strong a motive now to preserve e ur iinertics as eao a mau had then to establish them. A ri 'ht re-sult at this t;me vill be worth more to the world than ten times the money. Th evidence reaching us trom the country .eaves no . .. . . - .1 1 f T . . .1 .foni.t. t i.it i ip materia; icr ine woriv is aouuu.uu. and that it needs only the hand of legislation to give ,t legal sanction and the I.an 1 ot the txecu- tive to give it practical shape and efhekney. One of the greatest perplexiries cf the government is r, - - e . i vo avoiu receivii;i uT9 tue,, i r.rnrii !. I tor. in a w oru. me iirinc li 1 sa e . . . . , , . cession or rtbelion. The movers, however, well ; reverence for the history and government of their commou country, as any other civnized or ratn , and noble sentiments. Accordingly, thc-y com- destruction cf the Union i lie & 'I'uisiu use i is, iuai- au v o-.a.e. ci ine T- - - .,, ln Lnion nay, consistently with the national Cm- rn. t: :. .ir : . ' c.,.. , r e. stitution and therefore lawfully and peacefully. withdraw from the Uniou without the consent of the Union or of any other State. The little dis k v .. i . i . ; - . -e : i ' ly for a just cause, because they themselves are to i hal iiii: miiiih fti i t ' itL .s ( i ivti ti:i be the sole judges of its justice, is too thin to merit anv n .tirp. With reU Hion th-is tiiT.ir riati,1. they have leec drugring the public mind of; xe,T r T.Z I lueu see l.ciu tor more inau euiriy years, uuiii ai length they willingness ment, the day Lave enacted Stats out of brought sophism currency from thia assumption that there is some omntpoieni ana sacrea supremacy pertaining vt a State, to each State of our Federal Uniou. Our States have neither more nor less powei than that reserved to them in the Union by the Con stitution, no cne of thera ever having been a - a a i l . . . Slate out of the Union. TLe original ones pao- have brought many good men to pilte t!..,t pre-e i ely thesv.uea.t.it sp ad of U-ii..i i aa-1 suit a tt:-t n- to.si i.c- pc -p el ....cen to take up arms against the govern- called driving the one ,-ut. it would be exa.Uy ! fid.d t . rrm i.e f' - t . . . i i . ... . :..j..!i ... m.Oo, i , ,,.,1- n.,T I., o- It.! I..C C!.'H-.0( ow o after some assemblage of noen i la lu!l virW tf L:, the farcical pretence of taking their , ...i,' .f'r ,i , u.i, ,. nriV, ih-y nreat r-sp n-o-uity. ...t tar do: c w aat le the Union, who could have len arc a wakrit"v. may nuhttaliv do. TLce poli- h:d deem-ei his duy. You will now. aeyordrt.g to no such thing the day before. TLU titUas are ubtle and profound on the right e f j to your own yi .g men t o yt ur. lie :arHy derives much, perhaps the whole of Us UJ !lr.KTV,X I accVrel with' Lis. as will all faithfulciti- sed into the Uu'ou even before they east effthtir Brtish o.Jonia! dependence, and the new oces mM, t, i- - v i r v eacn came inV the Lmou directly from a condi- 1 tion of independence, except Texas, and tven lexas, in its temporary independence was LCTer i designated a State. The new or.es cnlv took the while tnat name was first adopted for the old ones, , in anil by the colonies which were declaml to be ! free and independent States. But even then the j obWt i laird v was not to declare their In depend- ! ence of one another, or of the Union, but directly the coutrary, as their mutual pledge and mutual action before, and the lime afterwards, abundant ly shown bv the express pli -htingcf faith by each . and ail of the oHIclJ thirteen in the it ariiLias oi ; - confederation two years later, t:.at the Union , T til ... snail oe jerpetuai. is com. iusive. Having nevt-r i been States either ia substance or in name outside of the Union, whence this magical oinnip:te::ce ; cf State rights asserting a claim of power to law- ' fully destroy tLe Lnlon itself? Much is said al-out t even is the vertigty of the States, bet the word : i.i r ii.s vi l i.'U, I-or, i.s is I'hcved, in acv of the State Coi.stituti n-. ever was a s?vereignty, and even Texas gave up the character en coming ir.to the Uli.ti, hywhi.h -.ft a. L-, . r-.i 1 i p. :., ; - n r f i t - S. ar.d the laws and treaties of the Unite! State, made in pursuance of the C.-nstituti-.n, to be for her the supreme law cf the land. The S'.atc-s have their status h the Union, an ! they havenj e ther legal sta:us. If they break fr-.-m this thtv is older than any e f the States, and, in fact, it cic-ated them as St.-.tes. Originally s-me depen- lent c. Ion.es mi ti.e: Uni.n, and. ia turn, the Union threw e. their 1J eiew-ndence for them. a..-! ma ic tnciii Mates, sucn as the-v are. Not .1 one ef them e ver had a State C "..stituti.r.. inde pendent of the Union. O:' course it is nt forgotten that all the nca Stat? framed their Constitutions before they en te.-ed the Union, nevertheless depen la-iit upen and preparatory to coming into the Union. Un- ! questionably the States have the powers and right , reserved to theia in and by the National Cnstltu- tl- n. But among these surely are not inc. lu Jed ,, . ,, , ... u.l coiie'eivab.e powers, however mischievous or ue trueuve ; Lut. at most, such oi.iV as are known i the hist man. So far a kuowu they Lave suc in the world at the time as rr overnme'ntal powers, i cessfullv re-sist-ovl the tri.it :r -us eii- rts ef those and certainly a power to destroy the govern lue-nt iticli had never been known as govern mental, tnereiy a-:min:str;ti e power, inis re- lative matter of National power and State rih as a piia-'p!e, is no tVnn t!, T.r'r.-ir.l.i . T generality and locality. Whatever c-oncerus the ; whole should be c r-fi led ta whole, to ! General Government, while whaterer concerns edy t'n-- State shoild be left ex.ludvely to t;.--' S:a:-'. Tiiis is a':i tlie-rj is of eri"iiial prin ciples about it, whether the National Const i- tu.ioa ia aca.ong uu has applied tue pnacip.e wuu exact accuracy is i not t- be q-iostine !. We ar also bound by j without I q ie-sion ; w nat is now : cmouwo.. is ii position that sec- ssiou is Cea- i . . .. 1....,.... . ....... ..1. ..I I - s.s. -v. i.u i..c v. ousiii iuh :: ui:i at a oeai e- ! f il. It is u-'t contended that there is auyexpres - iaw i -r it an: ti ming snu. 1 ever oe implied as ; law which lea Is t o uaj-t-t .;r absurd conse.r:e rices, I cha . wuu money the countries , out oi w..ieii several oi i..es-e sta'.es were I ormei. j h yd tii lt t;tt.v sKl-i ..() cir trithout Lave, i . i n ,i: t r.-t i ,.ir r . ,-. i. ,n ni 1 i rr- i,i......t.-..fc.v.... .i.l-i lull el the bene it of these ao-cade-i seceded States in coinn.oi. v.ith the rest. Is it just cither that ere .o t u : ,i or that rc-maming pay the wk.de ? Fart ef the prosC.-.t :at- lonai .'.ct-t w as contricteJ to pa I. e o.i d-.-ets e-i Texas. Is it i'lst that she shall leave and pay 1 no part of this herself? Again if one State may scee-.e so may un- her. and w hen all shall Lave j seceded there t one h ft to pay the debts, ' t-. -; ,1U10 tu creditors ? Did we Uotifv them of this s.ie vi-.'-.v t f e-ur.-. w hen w e b rro e-l this uio:iey ? If we : -w recognize this d-x" trii.e bv allowing th" soce-ders to go in peace, it i is ditticu't t see what we can do if others chose 1 to ,,m,r t extort terms upn I insist if exists n; ours. It thev have discarded. ! tl ...... 1 t,:, nr:n,.m'ii if nio .t r: it ' ll,e c o . ,...... .1. ...... -. . ..e.. : le in ours. If thev have retailed bv their own t . c ... " i -v .n,.i i. i..it,v.rl!.'t!..n n! .iIIN t tiV hon- 1 t;.,",,,i....T-,i-a-v,.. fr...i m, eti" ii.it f t another when- , ever th y shall find it the easiest way cfsctibn tx -deb s er arfecting any ether elfish or ui jc: i - e , i - . . .... . i Ti;e priticipe itself is enc f u sintcegraii.-n, i i,;;.o .... .vt rronent ran Tv.ssibK en- 5 dire. If ail ii;e- St;es save one shoal I assert the p ov r to drive that - n ' . ;.; ..f ti e I l.i :i, it 's pre-tm'- tne who..- ...-. p. one- .,Py tl e power, rod - .Lticrun would . ..mKt m;M t; inle.' It ! . .. . , . l . 1 . : . . ' 1 1- the m :. ittst cutrf-e uin-n State rights. i;nt scr- it ; mm n ..- ' . .,.... c. ' may be well questioned wneainer luere . --o i c-i v. . - ..i. . 4- i-.., a majority of lcrrallv qualified vtter of any State-, j and having thi eh-tn -tr rse. v,n:,l:t except South Carolina. in favor of disunion. ! guile and with, lit yur-. bt ro- our The-e is much reas-a to believe that tr.e Lnion trust m tn! and go foiard . .. ;.t a-, and men are the major it ii man v if not in every cth- w'ah mar.lv ht-art. er onf the s.cal!ed wla States; the contrary :gn-ei AFw.AHAM LaCC-. Iraanot Uea demoitrad in any cne of theai. I Washing.. s C:xr, July Sth. liil VOL. 8 XO. 32 It is vtuturedto aIrui this even of Virginia an T r.nosee, f.T the remit (f tn elect:on held i miiitaiv camps, where the baronets are ad on , ,,' '...:. . , c-aP,.,.i- c-neii-.rc-d . . . i tunoLstrav.ng poTular sonu n election all the lare class who tuer.t : at trich are at nee for the Urdon and against coercion, woul l be oxrvci t vote a-a:nt te Uii n. It fnj institut:o L s wL:c L Vtf vaj. y Lave develvjd ti.e powers and ir.j rjve! the c nditior.s of our i 'e people, beyc. n J any tsarrj.le in the w. rid. 01 u"is wo u nv .LiV a f:nt-n? ani Aa inipres.iv- illustration in the fact that to lr2 lh army aA the Government has now on foot was nevtr be fore known ; without a s- ldicr in :t but who has taken his place there tf.his.ca free choice. 'ut m tan t!.-s tnere are rr.any smgle regi- I l: .t L. I- . V U.VU.i V , a.iu a'.-nxi y I pr i s, and what evrr tl-e. whether n-tfi.1 -r e. known in the world, and there is e.v lie frrm which there could net be so- ;,V,'rj i ,.,'T," erLrxn r.t i:si 3 ii :l t. a .o:ntt, a, feriiaps a v c.-mp' tei.t to auminter the N .r do I sv.v this i net true .-u in the uny cf his late fned, tew rdver- sar-f :a tL s c" rt1 ? 1 ut 14 :1 l5 50 ?:ucL lcr ferrt i such bentf:ts on them and us, shotdd nt Le Ir ken up. WLevtr in anv taction ri-rr.-s There are s ne f .re.l.a i .wit;gs ( r. this sul y et.- Our adversaries hve- a-l.-jted s-. me de-c'.arati r. el -atpe::l.ice, in wn; im-iKe the gxa eld or. M-m,.-! iv .it r: -rs-in. i.L-v emit the wor.U c:ta.,.j t.,.--- "Lv ? TLcy Lave : a-I j t-.d a temporary enstitutiou, in the j ream j Lie s-i vl.i..h. ui.I.ke'ur g.d el: cze, s'grl by j Washington, they o;-.:.t. "we th? pex j. !;,' &L.d ' sul s:i-ute, 'nre the tiej.utie of the s-vcrcirn W i v Wl.v this deii'-i-iate piessli g t i.t of view the ri.-Ltsef men, and the anli.oii'y of the e. tle 1 This j essen tially a people's c.-ntest en ti.e side of the Union. I: is a struggle f - r n.ii-taining in the wrld ti.it f rci and tV-l-stanee ef tne Government, whose leadinz e-l iect is to ek-vate the condition ef men, to lilt urt.r.ihd weighta from all .-hcnlders, to clear the path -f lar.diide pursuit f.r to a::"or 1 all an unfett 1 strt and a cha: ce m tne race .4 :ne. l:e.n::g tj tne partiai ana tempo rary del -art ".re fr .:ii necessity. l"h.s ;j thek-ad- .1 :"et 't the c ,-ve m ect, for whe se cxister.co we Contend. I am most happy tj believe that the l lain people understand, ana appreciate this. It is worthy fn to, that in this the Government"; hour of trial, large numbers of those in the .iTy aul navy who have It-en fiv-re-d with the t llct-s, have resignrd an I rovc-d false to the hand which ,1 painj- 'd them, n t ore Common seicaer er r is known to have eicserted his coimon Great hvnr is due to tL s4-errer w-ho remained true, vksi lie the exanir le of tLC'.r tie ae her. us ! aswiaU"' r Vt't.t"-. .'iTil wV ' , imiortant fact ot ah is the ti'.tn.moUs firmness : cf tj,e coium-.-n sc.! Hers and cc-rr.m-.-i: sailo.rs, t w hee C'.-:ii!iulo oni an i.l ui i.u-.icu.n e.ieyeil as abso'.-.te law. This is the- patriotic instinct e f i i i. .a -. . . i . - . . . i i plain i"e le. Thev nn lorst.in- v. i -out an ar- -un.cut. tnat tne etestrovmg e-l the government which v i-js ii a h- by Washington Licans no od to them. Our jopid cr g-:-vt rnnient has eftta Uea called r a experiment. Two p -int, in it e-ur people have already retried tne successful estal iishing and the sr.ctcs-ful adrnir:iste;Ing cf it. One still remains its successful maintenance agai: st a formidable internal attempt to over throw it. It is i:ow tor them to demon? trate te th e v. -. rid that th- se who can fairly carry an election can a!) suppress a rebclli-n : that bal lots are the riihtf'.l and peaceful successors cf bullets, and th-: when ballets have fairly and . -!.- .7... i 1 .1 tl .-r.. 1 , 1 V..- :o. . - C :.- 1IUL i 'L.i.i '.'01' o.. l;. Vie e.. ew .'.ivvtJS- ful eleti- us. Suoh will be a great lessor, of pgace, teach-r; men that what they cannot take by m i e'e-ctiou neither can they take it by a war rteach- .. r i . v.... i,.-. .- . . . ..r..:!TTl'l l 1 l t;:' I:i.ll31..L kV..T : -. - -- - .. i Le.t there be x me une.s:r.e-s m the mi: candid men as to w hat is t o be the Co urse c ds cf G-'-vernme-ot towan: u States, after j the rel Hi -n h.ill hive 1 e : Executive de-rins it pr -per to e-eu surrre-s-ed. the say tuat it will be 1 pr.r; se then, es e-ver : t-e u: :ed ? 1 r- t.o, ! C- ntltuti-.n ar. 1 the law.-, nnl thct he pr-lably . -.it ,-,ctOn.' i rt t - V...I llJ.L il.' i.-i-.tvu. i. ' . -i i e pow- as it was a ln.inh-t-.red by the men wno maue it. ; L-.sal eit'z-us everywhaTC have the r".Lt to ; claim this .t tnc-ir Government, and tie . Governv.:t has t o right to withhold or neglect , it. It is not l erevive i tnat n giving it mere is at-v i -.: r; -.. a. ar v ccno-;c.-t c-r any sul-nrgatic-a in "any just sense ef those terms. i Yhe CoustiU.t n pr vi .-s, ano. all the States have accep' the pr oislon that the United t.'s s1 uu -irahiie u everv .i.tre in tnis I'n'.on, a lie u' '.k.-.n f rni ef Government; but if a Sh-re i. av law felly go not of the Union, hav;n-t ne so, it may also elrscard the I.epub- I Kan f m. ef G vernment, so that to j re-vent , r in defence . f ti e Gov. r-n.ent 1 roe.. UJoU hi ilffi. t II.. . l.-.t tv" ..-m loc-io -i .-..ut. o iner e- ... ..-.. , . i existence of the Government. o c -rr: promise . ....f.1.;'J in this ca-e be a cure. t i I Uidlt, r-iri - - not that con i ron es are not lten pr por, lut tl at r.o r J dor government can long sur vive a iiiarkit ef precedent that th wk , carry an e'ection e..a oniy save the gov, rumor.! iron ! lmme i;a:e .e r,.it.t Vv wl.k -iriicti -n 1 r tip tne mam the t e ie ra e t ! C t :e t ;-!!. J The i ie ti in st ;vc- and -e t: -ir owi. c t their si-rvants ! can s.ihio : ions, t 1 1 r.. As a i r? al- eirici a . t! e Ilxemtiee d-ed that ti.ese institutie-r.s l nil pet i reus, who have U-e-n o'lstu.-be-l n tfir ricbts ' . i ... rt i n which they will it c ii - out all moisptnsacle mesas rore used to ii .lp r.e!. ra i.n (I tli hirt
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers