that an issue of small notes from State in titutions, founded on a deposite of stocks, would be highly acceptable to the people. A reference to subjects under the con trol of the National Government, has long formed part of the annual messages of the State Executives, and the custom has found favor not only by its consonance with the peculiar relations of the States to the General Government, but in the deep solicitude felt by individual citizens in the action of the latter on questions of perva ding and direct interest to all. From the resolves of their Representatives in the councils of the States, the opinions and wishes of the people are often well col lected, and hence your action is frequent ly of great moment. In obedience, there fore, to custom, and in order that the sen timents of our common constituency may have expression either through the Exec utive Message or the action of their rep resentatives, it is proper to refer to some of those questions of general interest, the disposal of which more especially belongs to the National Government. A revisit" and alteration of the Reve nue laws, so as to give adequate and per. mane n l protection to the industry of the country, are demanded by the prostrate condition of the mining art'u manufacturing interests. The propriety of affording full protection to domestic industry, in the enactment of Tariff laws, has been so fully discussed, that a mere reference to former views, is deemed necessary at this lime. In a late effort to amend the pres ent Tariff, its failure may be fairly attri- buted to the omission of the last Legisla ture to give expression to the perfectly well understood wishes and expectations of the people. It is confidently hoped no such omission will mark the conduct of the present assembly, A reduction in the rates of postage, and the construction of railway communica tions, to the Pacific, were urged heretofore as worthy of friendly regard. Repetition of the views then presented is unnecessa ry, as time has only- strengthened the con viction of the propriety and usefulness of we proposed measures. In relation to the extension of Slavery and the duty of faithful observance of her Federal obliga .tionsby the Commonwealth the views expressed in former messages remain unci tanged. There is nothing, in my judgn ient, in the history of the past, nor in tne; warnings of the future, to jus tify the abandonment of the principles. sacredly regarded from the foundation of tna ota .te. of non-intervention in the do mestic policy of other communities, and of re jolute determination of permitting no inter fere nee with our own. Fidelity in the discharge of Constitutional duty has Cist tnguished our government and people, ani'j if an opinion exists within, or has be en mischeviously propagated beyond our b orders, that such is not the fact, it is con c eived iu error of our true history. Penn sylvania, her people, and and her authori ties, always have been loyal to the Con stitution. They wish it neither to be eva ded or amended. They will not permit it to be resisted. It has been intimated that no questions connected with the institution of Slavery, and the rendition of fugitives from labor. there have been indications of a disregard of her constitutional obligations. To the clause of the Constitution relative to fugi tives from labor, and the legislation under it, there ever has been in Pennsylvania, with all her avowed aversion to domestic slavery, implicit obedience. With an earnest desire that, by a free interchange of moderate and rational opinions, obedi ence to the law may be made, not only implicit, but cheerful, it is proper to refer to some of the difficulties in relation to the subject now existing in the public mind. The clause of the Federal Constitution relative to fuga lives from labor involves these propositions: 1. That involuntary service or slavery may exist in the States of the Union by constitutional recognition. 2. That the escape of the person so held shall not operate as a discharge from such service or labor. 3. That on the claim of the party to whom such service is due there must be a rendition of the fugitive. To interfere by legislative enactment, or otherwise, to destroy or in any way affect the right of property reeognized in the first proposition, would be a daring violation of the clear obligations of the Constitution. No human being can pre tend that by this Commonwealth such an interK.-re.tce has ever been attempted. "Whatever n?ay be the feelings of the peo ple in onoo!itiC?n to the further extension of Slavery, and ti'; consequent increase of anti-republican and sectional representa tion in the National Legislature, no effort has ever been made to liisiNrb or destroy the vested rights of citizens of other States; and when those rights may be en dangered by the escape of a slave bvond the limits of the State, where the relation is acknowledged, our citizens have acted on the principle, that no sympathy with individual suffering ought ever to weaken their sense of duty to the plain require ments of the organic law. In the adjustment of rights and official duties under the last proposition, more difficulty has been found to exist. By whose agency is the fugitive to be given up? What force is to be given to the word "claim " as used in the Constitution? Is not the delivery of the fugitive to be made only through the agency of the National Government? These have been vexed and mooted questions. The final decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in a case to which Pennsylvania was-made a party, and the recent Fugitive Slave law, gave 8 judicial and legislative interpreta tion to this clause of 'the Constitution, which cannot be misapprehended. The! power and duty of enacting laws to carry into effect the constitutional direction being ruled to be in Congress and in Congress only, any interference on the part of the State authorities is unauthori zed and without binding force. If the Constitution implies a duty to be performed by both National and State Governments, and vests each with power over the subject, the framers of that in strument failed to express in clear terms, as in other cases, the obligations of the parties. The latitude of construction re quired to give such powers to the Slate Legislatures, would authorize the passage , . . . e i . nd the enactment of Wiow ry delegated power of tKe K a- of laws, a upon eve tional Government, withon regard to the action or non-action of Congress. The General Government is admitted o be one of ascertained powers, but t ceases to be so the moment conci-,rrent jurisdiction vents in State sovereignties. jn the prac. tical workings of the svstem of concurrent jurisdiction -;auch evij would arise. Thirty- one sovereignlje3 might prrscribe different ru'.Cjs 0f action each meant to make ef fective national legislation, and the dangers resulting fiom conflicting enactments, and the consequent destruction of harmony and order, could not fail to alrm the patriot. Whenever power a subject matter is vest ed by the Constitution in Congress, and the power has been exercised, the author, ity of the States has been judicially de clared, as above stated, merged and abol lished. This is the rule of law as well as that of common sense. An opinion has been expressed by men of eminent legal learning and patriotism, that legislative action on the part of the States is expedient aid in the execution of the powers of the general government. In this opinion 1 cannot concur, lo ad mit the position would imply an inability on the part of the national government to execute its powers, and would prove de structive of the theory so zealously main tained by our republican fathers, that the National, and State governments are inde pendent sovereignties, each acting within its proper constitutional sphere. It was doubtless a conviction of the soundness of the foregoing views, whice induced my predecessor, Governor Shunk to sanction the act of the 3rd of March 1847. The power to act on the subject of the extradition of fugitive slaves, being thus vested solely in the National Government, it is the plain duty of the citizen to submit to its enactments under the Constitution To act differently would be clearly rebel lion to the Government. If the word " claim was intended t express an ascertaining right of property to the person of the fugitive vested in the claimant, then much of the difficulty sur rounding the question is settled, and the mere demand for the person of the fugi tive fixes his destiny by the terms of the Constitution. His extradition would be determine.! wit tout proof of ownership -n the part of the claimant, and without evi dence of the identity or flight of the per son claimed. If, however, the term used in the constitution signifies a challenge of the property belonging to the claimant, and withheld from him and the enact ments on the subject requiring proof of right to substantiate thecr-uni, and the con curring decissions of the Supreme Court affix this meaning to the term, then the question arises, how, and through whom, shall the claim be made, and by what evidence sustained? In the adoption of the proper remedy to assert this clear right, patriotic citizens may differ, and the privilege to maintain and express that honest diversity of opin. ion must not be impaired. To surrender it. under violent threats and denunciatory clamor, would be an abandonment of the deeply-cherished privilege of liberty of thought and speech. When the enactment of the National Congress fail to convince the people of their justice and propriety, it is their duty to seek their modification and amendment. The recently enacted fugitive slave law, while it remains a sta tute, demands the support of all the citi zens, and unless our written constitutions are worthless parchments, until the judi ciary declare it otherwise, must be esteem ed a constitutional enactment. Are its de fects of such a nature as to warrant the public in urging its amendment? That part of the law which authorizes the creation of a new and irresponsible tribunal under the name of commissioners, is liable to exception. Waiving the in quiry whether' the Judicial power of the United States can be vested anywhere but in regularly-organized courts, with the records nf courts, there are objections of serious import to the institution of this tribunal. All history shows that special tribunals clothed with dist-rtrtittiary pow ers over person and property, are liable to abuse, and have been instruments of oppression. If in these, the early davs of the Republic, when no reason of urgent State necessity can be invoked, powers of a iiigli judicial nature over the liberty and property of an individual, are to be invest ed by appoinf.uent of an inferior tribunal, in an irresponsible person, the security of the life, reputation, and liberty of the citi zen in after-times, when new political or social emergencies may arise, will depend on a most precarious tenure. The courts of the United States, whose Judges have a pride of character, and over whom a. controlling influence is exerted by the impeachment clause of the constitution, New York Harbor, for a giand Industrial should alone be invested whh these ex-"Exhibition next year. It is intended, we inordinary powers. Rather than hazard presume, to exhibit the products of Amer the chances of illegal decisions, and the ican Industry, prepared for .the great consequent irreparable injury of an indi- World's Fair, before shipping them from X ll A 1 I 1 m . a viauai, results bo iuh oi uanger to the peace and good order ot society, the Judi cial power of the Nation might wisely be extended. If it be deemed expedient to, deny a trial by Jury, and lodge the adju dication of this right of property in the! breast of a single Judge, the kind of pf Odf required should be indicated, 2nd a full record of the entire proceedings be made and reserved. Processes- issued, should be returned, and the extradition of any colored person, for whose arrest a warrant: had issued without hearing had before Vh Judge, should be visited with tr penalties of kidnapping. These m0um;aions of u , -u W ceuld not interfere with the ngb nf ,h nf :.:,, ,u greatly tend to satisfy the minds of citizen; anx-0u.Iy desirous to perform their constitutional duties. P One other matter connected with our federal relations claims your attention. It is the Union of the States, and the dangers which are supposed to threaten it in con nection with the question of slavery. Whether slavery be the cause or pretext of infidelity to the Union, and to what precise extent disaffection exists, it is not my purpose to enquire. There was local disloyalty long before slavery became the immediate source of excitement, and there will be local disloyalty long after slavery and the questions connected with it are finally adjusted. - But be the cause what it may, it is in vain to deny that the union of the States is lightly and irreverently talKed of in certain quarters, and made the subject of heated discussion by rash and unreflecting men. I cannot believe, how ever, that any serious design to disrupt and overthrow the government exist, to any considerable ex.ent in any portion of the country. The American heart revolts at the idea. What is the National Union ? It is the basis of constitutional right, the guarantee of peace, the security of religion, the bul wark of all law and order, it gives the surest pledge of protection to the oppressed children of other lands, who coming from scenes of misery and discord, expect here harmony and peaceful refuge. It is liter ally a beacon on the top of a mountain and an ensign on a hill' to the lovers of rational liberty throughout the world. It was an emanation of the same pure spirit of conceived, controlled, and consumated our revolutionary struggle. It is the per fect work of disciplined intelligence and rational patriotism. It is hallowed by the rich memories of the past, and by the consciousness that its founders were the fathers of the Republic. It is sacred as the sole remaining memorial of the en lightened labors of the best minds of an age, distinguished for its devotion to the cause of human rights, the elevation of man's social condition, the investigation of political truths, and of revolutionary action against the dogmas and fanatacism of ty rannies and" tyrants. The union of the States is the outer and inner wall which encircles and guards the temple of our independence. The Union alone secures to our commerce protection on every sea, defence to our i citizens on every shore, gives us a proud name among the nations of the earth, and ensures to the republic an enlarged and glorious destiny. Its preservation ratifies the assurance that man is capable of self government, and that equal rights, equal raws, and equal privileges, are alone the results of democratic institutions. The dissolution of the National Union would be the beginning of civil war, the strife of sections, of scenes of fraternal discord. It would raise the arm of the bondman amidst the horrors of servile war; and the destruction of a race of men alone would terminate the fearful struggle. It would involve conterminous States, acting as jealous strangers, in vexatious disputes about rights of navigation, of tribute, of transit.' It would sacrifice the faith of tha nation. It would destroy the army and the navy, and with them the proud recol lection of their early exploits. The tro phies of the nation would be dispersed, and the great communion of thought, of sentiment, and of interest, in which for more than seventy years we have gloried, would be gone forever. Deeply impressed by these considera tions, and relying most confidently on the entire sympathies of tle General Assem bly of the State, which has never known an instant's disloyalty to-the Union, I sol emnly protest against the utterance of rash and . ill-advised thoughts on a subject so dear to our constituency, and more earn estly against all deliberation by means of! conventions, or other modes of action, j unknown to the constitution, and having! for their object either the dissolution of the Union or the discussion of sectional and hazardous questions, for the decision of which the constitution makes ample provision. Pennsylvania venerates and cherishes the unimpaired institutions of our fathers. With the feavent prayer that Almighty God will so direct the deliberations of the General Assembly that pece and happi ness, truth and justice, religion and piet), may be established among us for all gen erations," the suggestions and recommen dations contained in this annual message are respectfully submitted for your con sideration and action. WM. F. JOHNSTON. ' Executive Chamber, Harrisburg, Jan. 7, 185 ..I An American Industrial Exhibition. The Government has decided to ar- allow the use of Governor's Island', in.' New York to London. Pay attention o New AdvertirmMnts. MOUNTAIN SENTINEL. EBENSBURG, PA. THURSDAY, JANUARY 16, 1851 0"Thk Scntinkl, has much the largest cir culation of any paper published in this county 9 W . ana as an advertising sheet ojr superior inducements to merchants and business men generally. Those desitoui of making us of this medium for extending their business can Jo so by either sending their notices direct, or through the fullommg agents John Crouse, Esq. Johnstown. E. W. Carr, Evans' Buildings, Third Philadelphia. "Wm. T. Morrison, Esq., the new Canal Commissioner, took his place m the Board on Tuesday last, and therefore we may expect to hear of the appoint ments on the Public Improvements in the course of a few days. We are under obligations to the Hon. Job Mann and Maj. John Linton, for valuable public documents. Oar Libel Case. It will be recollected that some time since a suit for Libel was instituted against us by James Kennedy, Esq. It was based upon some remarks we made on an affi davit published by that gentleman in the Johnstown Echo, relative to the last County Convention. The case came up for trial at the last Term, and after having been ably argued on the part of the Attor neys on both sides, we w 'ere triumphantly acquitted by the Jury, and the prosecutor mulcted for the costs. Messrs. Hutchin son, M'Donald, Magehan, Heyer and Miles, for the Plaintiff, and Messrs. John ston, Foster and Stokes, for the Defend ant. The latter gentleman, William A. Stokes, Esq., of Greensburg, made one of the most ingenious and able arguments in the case ever delivered in our Court House. He is a perfect gentleman, and a most accomplished lawyer, and the manner in which he used some of the gentlemen on the opposite side of the question wasn't slow. This matter was instituted against us. not because the parties interested felt themselves agrieved, but because tbey thought they could by this means do us a serious injury. But they have signally failed in their malignant intentions, and we trust that it will be a lesson to them in future not to attempt to muzzle ihe press, and occupy the time and attention of the Court for the purpose of gratifying their own personal spleen. LEGISLATURE. On Tuesday of last week the Members of this body met- In the House, John Cessna, Esq., of Bedford, wag elected Speaker, Wm. Jack, of Westmoreland, Chief Clerk, and a gentleman of Philadel phia, Sergeant-at-Arms. In the Senate, where the Whigs have a majority, after considerable quarrelling, they succeeded in electing Benjamin Mathias, of Phila delphia, Speaker. On Saturday last, all the members, together with the Canal Commissioners, Governor, and several distinguished citizens from ibis county, repaired to Philadelphia,' in order to par. ticipate in the grand festival given in honor, of the arrival of Steamer City of Glas gow." On Monday evening, sixty-seven Democratic members met La caucus, and on the 12th ballot. norwiaated the Hon. Richard Brodheau, Jr., of Northampton county, as the Democratic candidate for United States Senator. The abseentees were Messrs. Frailey, Ives, Freeman, Haldeman, Hemphill. Leech, J. B. Pack er, Shugart and Trone. The following were- the ballotings : tUUou. I I 2 3 4 51 6 7 8 3(10411! 12 9 2 16 16 16 16 19 15 M 13 12 4 t'659?7?7 15 15 17 16 17 17 ,' 17 lb 17 21 i I 1 I 564 46 6 7. 6555 4 4 6 9 13 ' 7 14 17 22 4 2b 3 1 5 ; t 5 16 3 4 9 6 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 II 12 3 2 1 I 5 5 DUci, Foster, Woodward ('anieron, Pkuner, Br-odhesd, Sturgeon. Inge-soli, , PtuHips, R J Fisbei Smith, Chapman,' Yo.t, Dallas. Stergiore , Vauz, Wrifht, Paitersuii, Joom. P. s. Since the above was in type, we learn that Brodhead, was triumphant ly elected on the first ballot. He received seventy -six votes. The vote of the whigi was scattered, no nomination having been made. Barker Defeated. Wc learn this morning that Jons B. Guthrie, the democratic candidate for Mayor of Pittsburg, was elected on Tues day last. The following is the. official vote. ' Guthrie 1908 Roggen 1147 Barker 1140 COURT. Last Court was well attended and con siderable business transacted. It was al of a criminal character, however, and id order to bring up sorfl e of the business, there will be a Special Court, commencing on the first Monday in March next. There is sufficient on the Dockets of Cambria Codnty to occupy the Court for at least two months in a constant session. " Ireland and ber Wrongs." In accordance with previous announce ment, John P. O'Neill, Esq., delivered in the Court House on Tuesday evening 0 iast week, one of the most eloquent lectures on this subject that we ever list ened to. He gave a thrilling and truthful picture of the miseries and sufferings of his native country, and depicted in a glowing manner the wrongs inflicted upon her by the tyranny of England. fyThe Whigs had a meeting in the Court House on Wednesday evening of last week. There was about fifteen pres ent, and they quarrelled. Harmonious! Whiggery. From New York. Correspondence of the Philadelphia Inquirer. Arrival of the Steamship Crescent City Mayor IVoodhull Democratic Ball The Common Council Forrest and Jflllis again. New York, Jan. 7. The steamship Crescent City arrived this morning with her precious cargo of gold, and a large number of passengers. Our city now pretty well filled with Cali forniaos, and the shop keepers are very busy in drumming them up with a view to relieve them of the burden of a portion of their piles. AH the cheap shoe and cloth ing stoies have their runners, and as soon as a steamer is announced, they are on the dock in great numbers, and the cards of their establishments profusely distributed among the passengers as soon as they land. In this way they sell a great many goods at a large percentage above the actual price, the poor duped strangers thinking it very cheap in comparison with the pi ices of goods in the golden land. The anival of a California steamer is a perfect ava lanche to the small dealers, and many of tnem are not very conscientious. A meeting will be held to-night, with a view to making arrangements for the pre sentation of a compliment to Hon. Caleb S. Wood hull, late Mayor of our city. No man who has ever held that responsi ble position, has discharged its aideous duties and responsibilities with more gen eral approbation, tha has Mr. WoodJkuU He re-hres from offi.ee with a host of friemls aod very few, if any enemies. The great Democratic ball, in commem oration of the battle of New Orleans, will eosae off to morrow evening. The event to be commemorated is worthy; but Tam many Hall has ceased to attract, and I should not be much surprised if the whole affair is a failure. 1 have just learned that a report will be submitted to the Common Council v night which will startle a majority of the peo ple of this city. It is charged upoa our late Mayor that be received; during his administration, about seven thousand dol lars as bribe mouey. No one, possessing a single idea, will, for a moment, doubt that such a proceeding is prompted by a spirit of malice or jealousy, and there are few, indeed who for a moment believe that gentleman capable- for a dishonorable act. Another collision between Forrest and WilJi came very near taking place at the Opera House last night. Willis was there in company with his wife and the sister of Mrs. rorrest, and between the acts leu his seat, rorrest followed him, and abused him, threatening personal violence on the spot." A police officer present prevented a collision, and thus the affair terminated; though one of the parties was kept under the watch of a police officer during the whole evening, The Bonnlj Land Law. We find in the Washington Republic the following important letter from the Commissioner of Pensions, which we copy for ublic information: PtNMox OrriCE, Dec. 30, 1850. Sir.: Your letter on the 19th inst. enclosing interrogatories from some of your caistituerits, the better to enable them to prepare their declarations on the Bounty Land Law of September last, has been du y rtceivrd, and not re plied to earlier because of the great nu.-n-bt-r of communications on that subject aaiiy received by the mails and other souicfs. Thousands interested in the law do not at this time 1 apprehend fully appreciate the difficulties which surround us The act passed the 2Sth of Srp teiiiber, and soon thereafter a copy was published and extensively circulated, accompanied by the necessary forms and instructions to facilitate its due execu tion. In addition to these forms and instruc tions, a circular was alss issued from this Bureau, gtringf various items of informal lion on the Bounty Land Act: but, not. withstanding these efforts to diffuse new questions are constantly spnn in up, and urgent appeals made forirnme. diate answers to enable the parties to prepare their declarations. This, 1 con. ceive, is an erroneous view of the sab. ject. The declaration, according to the forms and instructions already prescribed, ought to be forthwith executed ; and, if we need more or different informai'on from the parties, they will be immedj. ately advised thereof. Congress is at th.:j time engaged in providing additional force, and an improved organization, to accelerate the exception of the law, anj the warrants will socri be ready frooi the engravers press. As new questions arise, they will bs promptly exarfrified and settled upon th papers presented and ail soch decisions recorded foi general information. To de cide by way of anticipation upon casei informally or hypotheticaliy, stated, would not only be extremely inconvenient, tat probably productive of mischief. I: t earnestly requested, therefore, that a'J persons interested, either ai beneficiars, or as their friends and represen'aiivej, would be pleased to exercise a little pa tience. All official communications ad dressed to ibis office will receive the ear hest attention it is possible to bestow, an it is not only useless to repeat inquiries as to what disposition has been made of them, but the same may prove an abso lute hindrance to the despatch of busi ness. T hirty thousand applications bare been made ; and it is estimated that up wards of two hundred thousand are yet to follow. 1 am, sir, very respectfully", your obe dient servant, JAS. E. HEATH, Cera, of Pensicas. The honorable , House of Rtpresf ntatives. The Greatfsl Discovery of Ihe igt. There has just been brought to lht the application of a power trhich is to supersede entirely the 'present steam power of the world! '1 hi3 announce ment may stagger some, but the disco very, when it shall be divulged, wiil stagger them a thousand times mere. It h;is b-en made by an Eastern man. who has completed his models one of which will be deposited at Washington, as soon as patent rights shall be secured in the different European countries. The machinery is entirely perfected the power is a motive one. and steam has r.o part in creating it. So simple and ec nomical are the principle and ap;licni n, that two ions of coal will be sufficient to drive the largest ship-of-the-liue arouad the world 1 We are not at liberty now to divulge more of this wonderful discovery ; bat we predict, with the greatest confidence that a short time only will elipse before a total revolution will take place through-, out the world, in ou?- motive power sys tem. InJt-ed, we assert with the utmost confidence, that the year lSoO terminated the sovereignty of strata! This is no chimera. We mean what we S'iy and time, britf m point cf du ration, will evolve this wonJpr, at pres ent hid as with a gauze only from the public eye, to the astonishment of Chris tendom an astonishment far greater than that produced by the discovery of steam or the magnetic telegraph. German town Telegraph. Sonnd Advice. The February number of Graham's Ma-fozine has already made its appear ance. The editor reads his many tiious andts of subscribers the. following primed lecture upou the important but olx. rr--lected duty of supporting their counfy papers. Iake Yocr County Papers t hop that there is not a subscriber to " Grah who has overlooked the pro prrety and duty of sustaining bv his sub scription and advertising, the paper of his own county. This duty is tue frit, even before subscribing to Graham' which is well worth the money itcus'.s. and pric, as a matter of interest merely to a subscription to any Journal whatso ever. The prosperity of the county ia which you I ve its thriving character active intelligence., and nior than, ail. its very moral strength depends upon the liberal policy of each, and every one of you, towaids- the central point of jour greatness your own Ci .ty Journals. Now think of this ! before you squan der your dollar upon some ephemeral, trashy, and perhaps pernicious sheet of a distance. The telegraph and rail-road, have brought the news early to your edi tor earlier than you will get it Irora afar by due course of mail. Now, en couiae his heart and strengthen his hands by a manly support, and let bis sheet widen, lengthen and brighten, un der the genial influence of a generous and proper estimate of his position. If you want literature, as well as rftrs and general miscellany, he will give yovl Graham" and his paper for. perhaps, S4 but. Graham himself ds net want, you, unless yr-u appreciate and support, your own cl-unty newspapers he has, no just right to receive, or you to remit, him $3, while this debt remains unpaid at home. Go to ! you are a dull fellow:, stupid! ;md would not understand us. Put your $2 in a stocking and go to sleep Urowsey ! enact Rip Von Winkle over again but come nM to us. GaHAJCf w mts subscribers :!m have brain?, heart. soul-a quick eye to perceive a duty and a iruth, and manly courage to mett and back them now. Life first, best duty, alwavs is at home Try your suggestion reader, and yoa will feel more like a man, the first dar
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