g|IBtK!BIPTIOX BATES: Per fMt, In advance W 50 Otherwise 2 00 No subscription will be discontinued until all arrearage* are paid. Poi-tmasten. neglecting to notify as when snbscribcrs do not take out their papers will be held liabie for the subscription. tiubacribeis removing from one poetoftice to another should give OH the name of the former u well ae the preeent otfice. All communicntioiie intends! for publication n this paper must be accompanied by the real name of the writer, not for publication, bot ae a gnaiantee of good faith. Marriage and death notices must be aocompa iied by a reeponsible name iudre " THE BDTI ER CITIZB.K. BDTLEB. PA. TRAVELERS' QUIDE. VTLBK, KARNL 1 CITI AND PAKKIK RAILROAH Trains tatTt Butler for St. Joe. Millerstowu, Kirns CilV, Petrolw, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. ia., itid U. 25 and 7JR p ra. Xrains arrive al Butler from the above uamed poiiito 7. 7a. ni ind 2.15, and 715 y m The 2.15 train nwiMlr wnh irain "D the Wist Peun road "hr-mifh !<■ Wltsbanth. ,HENASOO ANI> AIAEOHEJiV KAILKOAD Trains leave HilltardV Mill, Butler county, or Harrisvilk, Greenville. etc.. H . 5' a. ra. ,nd H.2H i>. iu. Train* it-r.ve ». i i '• "VlnVks to and ! rom P. rol a M rti -'hiiry. Falrview, Modoc ami r>oiitiu>i . coni'.'it al ml liiid with all runs "" the - & A ron<i rBNSaTI.VAMA KAII.KCMU. I'rain* leave Buller (Butler or Pitlebnrnh Titne.) Market M 5.05 a in , iroe- .hrootfh to Alle gheny, «. virnr at S».01 iu T!.l r Ira n .-nn *«*» at Free on will. Fr. j.o.t Aee. mm..da tion, which arrive?- n' Alht'lieny >i W. 20 a. in., railroad tiiu<-. Expreta ;ii 7.21 ... ui , il Huller luncti n, with.-nr em.i-.re of '! 8-'-" *'l^ Exti P* *.vl. nrriviiijr In env al .lob ID , and Ex- res- enet arriving »i Blairsvllie 41 10 55 a. m. railroad till).'. Unit at 2 2S p in . co'ii ectlnt; .it Butler Juii.:- tlonwithout change ol crs, with Express west, arriving in Allegheny at 50! p m„ n.d Lx ore«- east iirrivimr at Bhirsville infr-ccili'i, it 555 p. iu. rtilr I time. whleU e niiects w'lh Phil ideiphia Kxpn-v* .-a ', when on time. The 7.21 a. in tniti connects -t BlairsviHe ,t 11 115 a m with thi M .1 east, "'d l"e 2.3« i>. ra. train ai «54* witn Mi. Philadelphia Ex praw D Train* arrive at KufJer «»n v\ #♦! reiin K K at tf 5* ». m . 4.5 m and 7.01 |i. m . BuM. r iluie The ».56 and 458 trains . omiei l with rains on ttie Butler A Parker R. R. Main Line. Through train.- leav. Piiisbmirtl 10. the Ea-« t -<J Sr. »'.d 8.2K a in. >nd 12 51, 421 a> d 8 '*t p. m arriving al Philadelphia at 1.40 and 720 P. In and H.OO. 7.0 and 7.40 a ni.; nl Baltimore thoui the same t me. «i N<-w York three hour* Bier, and at Wa-hiiikton alw.ui one aud a half Hoar* lale.r. Tluie of ll«»l<kliitC C'o:trlM. The several Conrt* of tb« comity of -Bailer commence oil the Art Monday of March, June. September md December, and continue two week*, or ao long ae n ceesary to diapoee of the bnnneee. No can nee are pnt down for trial or traverue jnroru htuninoiied for the first week of the several termM. ATTORNEYS AT LA U BUTLER, PA. J. F. BRTTT^UN, Office with 1. Z MjlclieU Diamond. A~ M. CUNNINGHAM, Office iu l'.r..dy'- L»w Building. Butler, Pa. S. 11. PIERSOL. Office on N. E. corner Diau.ou.i, Riddle build ing 4K>*l2 JOHN M. GREER. Office on >. E. cottier I)ii .<oii-J. novli WSI H UrsK, Office with W H. H Riddle. Eeq. _ NKWTON HL U K Otiioe on Diamond, near Court Mouse, nouth •ide ____ ' E7T BHITGH, Office in Riddle's Lnw Buildln>r. S F. BOWSER - Office in Riddle's Law Building [marH'7- .F. B. MCJUNKIN: Special attention (riven to collection? Oflie opponlU" Wilhird Hon^e. JOSEPH IV BRET)IN, Offli-e north-eiiet lome.r of Diamond. BnUei Pa. H. H. GOUCHER, •Iti'eil. i>ili)UM». UP WHS >•. J 1 DOM V office near Oimrt H."i«'-. VX~D BU\NI)»»N eb!7-7ft ' 'ffii •• in BergV bnildin^ RI \KKN< K W \I.KKH, Office m Bredin i.nildiiij; U'&rr. i PEHJ) ItEI BEK Office In BertViiew building. Main street, ip-'l - F VI EAST AN, Office in Bredin building. LEVrMrQIITs'I ION: Office Main stieet, 1 door south ol Court Hon.- JOS C. VANDKRLIN, Office Main street. 1 door south of Court Hou-<- WM A, FOIfQUEK. If Office on Main street, opposiie Vo«ele> House. GEO R ~W IIITK, Oflire N. E. c< rner of OitiniiMi FHANriS S PUHVI ANT'K offi«e wit.li (Jen. J. N. Purvianoe. Main *rr>-e south of Court House. J I) \HJUNKIN Ofl.ce in bnildiin', west !>ide o Main street, 2nd squ.iru from Court Hoiit-e "T G W LITIAMS. Office on Diamond, two doors west of Cinz*> offioe. ap2tf T C. ( A PBELL. Office in Berg's new building, 2d door, oai. aide Main at., a few doors south of Lowr< Hoose. m»r3—tl N A. A SULLIVAN, may 7 OFFICT* S. W. C»r OF Diamono, BLACK A BRO , Office on Main street one door soutl. >■ Brcdy Block, Buller. Pa. (sen. 3. IS7-I JOHN M MILLER A BROT" Office in Brnd/'s f.aw Building. Main street, south of Court UoiD-e. EUOKNP. O. MILI.i k, Notary Public. ,im4 l j THOMAS ROBINSON, ' BUTLER. IA. _______ JOHN H. NEQLEY, CdrOiTes particnlai atteution to transaction* is real estate throaghout the county. Omcuoll DIAXONI>. NKAH OinilT QoCSK. I CITIZEV nniM.rNi. E. K. ECKI.BT, KEXNEDT MARSHALL (Lale ot Oliio.) El KLKY <t AIfeHALL Otlire iii BmrtyV |.»w KulUiin;. Attorney il Ln w. Leg..l hnsines* caref'illy trHiisncted Collectionf made and promptly remitted. Ba-lnen- corriMpondencc promptly attended to and :in<wered. Office opposite Lowrj House, Butler, Pa. MISCELLANEOUS. McSWEENY K McSWEENY, Hinetbport and Br dford. Pa. M N MILES. Petrolia, Sutler county. Pa. |)n .M. c. BENEI MTrr. janfi f.f p««iri»'i;i Hntl'/r P PH YSK'L ANri. JOHN E BYERS, PHYSIt/'IAN ANPSUR<.I ON, myai-ly] HUTI.KK IA I>EN I s JD EJJSTRXST 1-x.Y. OU CALDRON. Hr ('nine of ihe Phil |t udclpt'ia Dent:.l College.ic pre|.:ire<l • l« sto do nnythini: in the line ol h\» profession In a satisfactory manner. Office on Main street. Butler. Uuion Block, up stairs. apll HRH " set Reeds 2 Knee SS7."X). H Hiop Organ. Ri<s>l. Bfxik, only 453.75 Piano . Stool. Cover. 8f...k - 90 to 1255. Illus trated caialosf'tn fr«e \ Id-ess aril f' IHtNVVI.t, I Pa 7(i A 1 ' k tli •i»y »t I omeea 'iTma 1e VOL. XVIII. CARPETS! OIL CLOTHS! MATS! RUGS' STAIR RODS s NEW STOCK! HEW STOCK! > 1 HECK & PATTERSON'S P ! NEW MBPET BOOM j Q NOW OPEN! ' One Door South of th@ip (nothing ftout©, b •j J- t-5 i Dufly'N Hlo«k, sept2o-tf Butler, P». fi I -J II rT(Tn ISfVQH igXYW iSH,unO r IIO iSvLffdHVO 141 Fine Merchant Tailoring 141 A T JOHN OMMERT'B, m-a e b^«>«3 H*., Ailertimcmy *"*»- ALSO A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF ZMTEHSPS FLOY'S AN"D CHILDR'EJN '3 P.EADY-MAIJE CLOTHING, AND GENTS FURNISHING GOODS, AC. A fine selection of Fall and Winter goods will be made to order at reasonable prices, and satisfaction guaranteed. ...... . , , . , c .. , r . . .. Overcoats a specialtv. A cordial invitation is extended to the people of the v lcmity, to call and examine our stock, visitors as well as buyers will be welcome. JOHN OMMERT. 141 Federal Street, Allegheny City. Pa- 2nd DOOR FROM SOUTH DIMOND STREET. Dry Goods. Notion?, Trirmings, Groceries, etc, IABGE STOCK OF FALL ANT) WINTER GOODS AT A. TROUTMAN'S Corner Main and Mifflin Street, Dress Goods of all kinds, large assortment colored and black Cashmeres, large assortment Black Silks, Momie cloths, fancy Brocades, Plaids, Cotton Dress Goods, Calicoes, Chintzes, etc. Trimm-nes. f: riramings. Trimmings. Brocade Silks, all colors. Plain Silks, all colors. Plain Satins. Brocade Satms. Striped Satins. Brocade Velveteens, all colors. Plain \ elveleens, all colors. Black Silk Velvet. Fiing?s, Black and Colored. Pussiimentries. ornaments. Cord and Tassels, a fine assortment. Buttons. Buttons, Buttons A full line of Dress and Cloak Buttons—A large assortment. A full line of Ribbons, I>aces, Embroidery, Lace Ties, Ruching and Ladies' Neckwear. Cloaks ad Dolmans ! Cloaks and Dolmans ! SHAWLS! - SKIRTS! Flannels, barred and twilled, plain colors and best makes; Canton Flannel; Ladies'. Cloth, all colors; Ladies' Sacking; Black Beavers; Cashmeres; Jeans; Tweeds; Ticking; Shirt ing; Muslins; Table Linens', Toweling. Blankets, etc. I also keep a full line of Groceries, Queensware, etc. All the above goods at lowest prices. Countv produce and grain taken in exchange for goods. A. Troutman. "JOHN m k SON, CrMOCERS Cor, Main and Cunningham St., Butler, Pa. One Boor Soutli of JOHN BERG & CO.'S BANK. Having refitted the large and commodious Store Room, situate in tlie above stated location, formerly occupied by Martin Keiber Sr., we will in a few da\s opon up a first-class grocery, and will nfli-r to tie public at bottom prices, a fine selection of choice. T K A S. CO FFE ES, SUG A RS, SYKI'PS. MOLASSFS, PURE SPICES. < HEKSE, FISH, SALT, &c. The Highest MARKET PRICE PAID IN CASH FOR ALL KIND OF GRAIN AND PRODUCE. •John Sc Son. HoTKLS GRAND BOULEVARD HOTEL J Corner 59//t St. & liroaduay, NEW 10RK. On Both American ami European Plans. Fronting on Central l'ark, the 11 mini Boulevard. Broadway and I'lfi>-Ninth St., this Hotel occu pies Um esUrc square, and waa buill and fur nished at an expense of over (4nu,000. It Is one of the mo«t elegant as well aa being Ihe finest lo eated hi the euy ; has a passenger Elevator and all modem improvements, and is within one 1 square of the dcpols of the Sixth and Eighth Avenue Elevated It. I*. cars and still nearer to tlie Broadway cars—convenient and accessible from i all parts of the city. Rooms with hoard. S2 per i day. Special rates for families and permanent guests. E. HASKELL, Proprietor. National Hotel, CORTLANDT STREET, NEAB Bn dwky NEW YOKK. HOTCITKISS k POND, - - Prop'rs. ON THE EUR')PE\N PLAN. The restaurant, cafe and lunch room attached are unsurpassed for cheapness anil excellence of service Rooms 50 ctH. to $2 per 'lay, .*3 to £lO per week. Convenient to all ferries and city nilroad*. N' w FnnrfiTtiUß. Ni.w Manaok HKMT. janls-ty -J- II RE It HOUSE. L NICKLAS Prop'., MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA. Having taken po*ession of the above well E'lwn Hotel. ami it being famished in the be*t of style tor the accomodation of ({nests, the public are respect'ully invited to Rive me a call I have alno possession of the barn in rear of hotel, which furnishes excellent stabling, ac • comodations for my patrons. X, NIf'KLAH. % flmlnlwtralrix"* Volicp. Notice is hereby eiveti that I. Kate R. Rowe. have taken out letters of administration on the esta'e of Lew - Ho*e. late of Karn* Citv, Butl(r coni-ly. Pa., dec'd, all persons having claims or demt nds against th« estate of said decedent are requ sted to present the sa-ne to me at once. K\TF. R RoWK, A'li 'i of Lewis I ow«, dec'd Kittannini;. pk. d. 8 t " FOR SALE. A Fine Single Sleigh, Riade in the latest stvle. swell lied. Also a fine two i burn sleigh can be bought cheap. [ TWwi* Italy, rocfufr'e at CWIVu cffiw. Corsets. Corsets. Corsets. A large stock to select from. Gloves. Gloves, G oves. Kill Gloves, Silk Gloves. Lisle Thread Gloves. Cashmere Gloves, and Berlin GIOVPS. Yarns. Yarns, Yarns Germantown Yarns. Saxouy Yarns, f a.shn.ert Yams, German Worsteds, Factory Yarns, Berlin Zeplier. Underwear, Underwear, Underwesr. For Children, ladles' and Gentlemen. Hosiery, Hosiery, Hosiery. Large assortment lor Children 1-adies' and Gen- HOMH. LIBERAL OFFERS FOB 1881. Two Keats for the Price of One! THK )!EI HINTS OF TIIE BRITISH QUARTERLY (Evangelical), LONDON QUARTERLY ( Conservative), EDINBURGH (Whig), AND WETMINSTKH {Liberal), ■« a w* AND Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Present flit! bent f-. »i;:n |>eriodicals in a conven ient form and witln-nt abridgement or alteration. Terms of Subsc. '.ition, Including P »strige Blackwood or any <»e one Ruview -4 400 p-r Blackwood and en- nu iievicw 700 aiinnm Blac, wood and tw Repawn 10 00 Blackwood and thivo Reviews ' 1 o'* Any two Reviews 7 o<> Any three Review* JO 'K> The fom Reviews 12 00 Klackwocd and the fjr.r Reviews 15 00 These are about half the prices charged by the English Publiehei (lirciilars tbe Contents of the Periodi cals for the year 1 11. and many other particu lars may be had on a| u'ication. PREMIUMS s New subscribers may have the numbers for 18SO an.l ISBI at tl.e price of one year's subscrip tion only. To any subscriber, i.ew or old, we will furuish the periodicals for IH7'» at ha.lf price. All orders to be sent to the publication offioe To secure promina- applv promptly. The Leonard Scott Publishing Co., 41 Biirrla} Si., Xew YorU. Union Woolen Mill, I'.UTLEK, PA. 11. FUl.MirtTO*. Prop'r. Munuiucturcr ot BI.ANKETS, FI YAKHB, Ac. Alt-o cuj-toni work done to order, such an i.inline Kollt, mnkiu. Ithinkeu, Flanuela Knit ling uu<i Wiaviuf Y irim, Ac., .'t very 'ow prices Wool worked « n the sl:arM, it de aired. »nv7-l V KPWrrnr CwmmtUm and Asthma. ±NL » LI IIHi. .Never yet failed. AAITM* Willi (stamp, "HO.UE," Ttvh&CM, MM. [JaT tf BITLER, PA., WEDNESDAY. JANt AKY <26. 1881 DIPTHERIA, WHAT IT IS AND HOW TO CURE IT. BY. M. COB A BLAND, M. D. Diptheria is a disease of the blood, of the septic type, and belongs to the same family as scarlet fever. It is always produced by living germs, which, when once in the sys tem, increase rapidly by propogation and feed on the blood, first inflaming it and finally making a combined and vigorous attack upon the mucous sur face and glands of the throat. It is of the greatest importance that the peo ple as well as the physician should un derstand this disease, and it is especi ally important that the people under stand it, for the reason that the major ity of physicians do not. It is the most insidious. daDgerous. and if not properly treated, a most fatal disease Yet physicians who understand it nev er lose a case, I have been called upon to treat many cases of this disease, and have never yet lost one. And if the women of the country were intelligent upon the subject of its character and symptoms, and familiar with the use |of such simple remedies as are in the reach of all it would be entirely shorn of its terrors, for then if by accident one person in a family or neighborhood should be attacked by it, they could be readily cured not only, but it could be prevented from attacking others. I have said it is a septic disease. There fore the secret of its prevention lies almost wholly in the use of an antisep tic. Pure air is the great universal antiseptic. What I mean by pure air is air containing its natural proportions of nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone. Such atmosphere is fatal to all forms of dis ease-producing germs. They cannot live in it. But as we are not yet able always to have perfectly pure air. We have, however, learned how to purify it on a limited scale, and 1 have scarce a doubt but science will yet teach us how to do so on a general universal scale. When a case of diphtheria oc curs in a family, we should know that the patient caught it from some other person afflicted with it, either directly or indirectly, for it cannot arise spon taneously. The germs may he carried in the clothing from on person to an other. In this way, physicians uncon sciously or carelessly spread this and other diseases throughout whole neigh borhoods. Until within a few years small pox was a most fatal disease, spreading through whole communities and killing people by hundreds. Now it rarely proves fatal, and never becomes epi demic, except where the people and the physicians arc alike ignorant of sanita ry science. It is not vaccination that has sub dued this terrible pestilence, but disin fectants—correct habits of diet and fresh air, sanitary science and common sense. A year and a half ago we were called to see a case of diphtheria by physician of forty years' experience, who had lost two other cases in the same family within as many weeks He said to us, like an honest man : "I do not know how to cure this new dis ease, aud I am ready to adopt any treatment that you may recommend." We replied, this house has the diphthe ria, and the first thing to do is to cure it." He expressed astonishment, and asked for an explanation. "Why," said I, "the atmosphere of the house— the walls, the carpets, the beds, and the clothing of its occupants are full of diphtheretic disease germs, which must be destroyed or the child will die; other members of the family follow it; and from here the disease will spread to the neighboring houses, carried in the clothes of visitors." In the language of an ancient poet, I said: "Bring me sulphur, that I may fumigate the room," and I improved upon the an cient prescription adding tar. The house was thoroughly saturated with the fumes of tar and sulphur. The windows and doors were then thrown open that the fresh air and sunlight might enter and carry off the disease charged vapors. Prescribing for the patient appropriate anti-septics as in terual remedies, aud liquid ozone as a gargle for the throat, then in the first state of ulceration, I departed. The child recovered rapidly, nor did any other cases occur in that family. I repeat, the cause of the disease is living germs, and the chief remedy is disinfection. Destroy the germs of disease in the patient and iu the house, and the work is done. Disinfection is the basis of sanitary science, and it is of the utmost import- I ance that those who preside over the house should understand this and should be familiar with the virtues of t.'.e leading or most powerful disinfec tants. "Disease," says Professor Tyndall, "is produced from seeds planted in the system, which, finding their proper j soil and temperature, develop and niul-' tiply." It is a vital process, not a chemical one. Chemical substances have no power to multiply themselves. Living organisms only can do that. LEARNING TO TIE KNOTS.—A cro respondent suggests that it would be a handy accomplishment for schoolboys to be proficient in the handling, splicing, hitching, and knotting of ropes. He suggests the propriety of having the art taught in our public schools. A common jack knife and a few pieces of clothes line are the main appliances needed to impart the instruction with. He concludes it would not only be of use in ordinary daily life, but especially to those who handle merchandise and machinery Any one, he adds, who. has noticed the clumsy haphazard man ner in which boxes aud goods are tied for hoisting or for loading upon trucks, will appreciate the advantage of prac tical instruction in this direction. Probably a good plan, he further sug gests, would be to have one schoolboy taught first by the master, and then let the pupil teach other boys. Our correspondent thinks most boys would consider it a nice pastime to practice during recess and atthedinner bour, so that no time would be taken from study or recitatiou time. Rubber bits are the best for winter | usfe dn ytAir btfrses. A NO TA BL E JO URNE Y IN AFRICA. One of the most remarkable of recent journeys in Central Africa was discrib ed in a paper lately read in London be fore the Royal Geographical Society. We may well doubt whether there will hereafter be any famous explorers of Africa. The great mountains, lakes, and rivers of a continent ean be dis covered only once. There is no reason to believe that any important natural feature of Africa now remains wholly unknown to the outside world. We probably have much to learn in Afri can geography which will be interest ing, but hardly much that will seem wonderful. Heroes as many of them were, it is nevertheless true that the long line of explorers extending from the time of Bruce to the time of Liv ingstone owe no small part of their dis tinction to the fact that when they travelled in Africa there was still some thing important left to be discovered. Although present and future explor ers of Africa, therefore, are not likely to acquire permaneut distinction, the Boyal Geographical Society s recent East African expedition has shown that there is still much valuable and important work left for them to do. This expedition set out from Zanzibar in May, 187?, under command of Mr. Keith Johnston, a scientific geographer of high qualifications for the work, to explore the unknown route from the coast to the north end of Lake Nyassa, and also the equally unexplored coun try lying between the north end of Lake Nyassa and the southern extremi ty of the Tanganyika Lake. Mr Keith Johnston died almost at the outset of the journey. The command devolved upon his only European companion, Mr. Joseph Thomson, a young Scotch geologist only twenty-two years old This yout 1 did not falter where tunny an older man would have tu-ned back disheartened. "For the first time in my life," he says, "and in the heart of Africa, I looked upon death ;" and yet he bravely resolved to carry out the purpose of his lost leader. He went on, with his one hundred and fifty dusky followers, through heat and cold, often prostrated by disease, and always exposed to danger ; he accom plished the task assigned to the expe dition by the Royal Geographical So ciety ; and he brought all his men back to the coast from which they started withou; the loss of a life and without firing a gun to attack others or defend themselves. In courage, in tenacity of purpose, in wisdom of dealing with the natives, and in the successful attainment of the objects of his journey, this young Scotchman has not been surpassed among African explorers. The only reason why he will not rank among the foremost is that the expedition was iu its nature comparatively a minor undertaking, as must now be the case with all explorations in Africa. But in one respect, and without regard to the difficulties and dangers over come, the results of his journey are ex ceptionally important. They enable us to form an accurate and trustworthy idea of the material resources of Cen tral Africa. For many years, and especially in recent years, the lake regions of that continent have been discribed by trav ellers as one of the most promising fields in the world for European com merce and industry. Reports of this kind, extolling the potential wealth of the interior, have been so common that, as Mr. Thomson says, people have come to believe that Central Af rica is extremely rich, and look upon it as the El Dorrdo of the future. He looked upon it, however, with the eye of a trained scientific observer. The principle characteristic of the consider able area which he explored was "its utter barrenness and the absence of anything worth trading for." He tells us that nowhere did he see a single metal which a white man would for a moment look at a a profitable specula tion; that there is little more than iron enough to supply the simple wants of the natives ; aud that he saw no coal nor any indications of coal in the wide extent of country embraced by the routes of the expedition. The truth is that the supposed natu ral wealth of Central Africa has no ac tual existence. The East African ex pedition has done great good by bring ing this fact to the knowledge of the civilized world. The clear and posi tive evidence which it affords on the subject will tend to prevent waste of money, waste of effort, and waste of life in enterprises which would certain ly prove futile iu such a field. TIIE MILLING INDUSTRY IN AMERICA. —Mr. Josef.l van den Wyngaert, who was commissioned by the Prussian Government to make a report concern ing the Millers' Exhibition in Cincin nati, is said to have expressed the fol lowing opinions on the American in dustry of milling: In the different mills he bad visited iu the Eastern pait of the United States he bad found many excellently constructed, but also many primitive ones built 30 or 40 years ago. America had undoubtedly been the most advanced country on the earth in regard to milling, and when anything was said at that time about American mills in Europe, as a matter of course only the best and most excellent ones were meant. Since then things have changed. While America, as well as England and France, had come to a standstill, Germany and Austria had excelled remarkably in the progress of this branch of business. The con struction of mills in these countries is to day much better than that of Amer ican mills, and it was only in the last few years that America had made ef forts and adopted the improvements of the Germans and Austrians, and taking them for a basis had made further pro gress. Thus the roller system, for in stance, for the grinding of grain, had been transplanted from Germany to America. We had first met with it in Naples, and introduced it into Germany in 1874, from whence it had only in the very last years found its ,way into America.— Oenlerreichusvhe Unqari gctie JftuXltfr. LESSONS IN COOKING. Miss Cicely Jouesisjust home from hoarding school, and engaged to be married, and as she knows nothing about cooking or • house-work, is iroiusr to take a few lessons in culinary art to fit her for the new station io life which she is expected to adorn with house wiiely grace. She certainly makes a charming picture as she stands in the kitchen door, draped in a chintz apron, prettily trimmed with bows or ribbon, her bangs hidden under a Dolly Yar den cap, and her dimpled wnith han ls encased in old kid gloves, while she sways to and fro on her dainty French k'd heels, like some graceful wiuu blown flour. "Mamma," she lisped prett lv. "please introduce me to your assistant ' Whereupon mamma says: '.Bridget, this is your ladv, Miss Cicely, who wants to learn the name and use of everything in the kitchen, and bow to make cocoanut rusks and angels' food before she goes to house keeping for herself." Bridget gives ;• snort of disfavor, but, as she looks at the young ladv, relents and savs, "I'll throy." "And now, Bridget, dear," said Miss Cicely, when they were alone, "tell rue everything except what they did at school, and isn't the old kitchen lovely ? What, makes this ceiling such a beautiful color, Bridget ?'' "Shmoke," answered Bridget, very shortly, "and me ould eyes are put out wit! that same." "Shmoke—l must remember that, and, Bridget, what are those shiny things on the wall ?" "Kivers—tin kivers for the pots and kettles." "Kivers!—oh, yes, I must look for the derivation of that word. Bridget, what are those round things in that basket?" "Praties! For the Lord's sake where hez ye lived niver to hear of praties ? Why thein is the principal mate of Irelend where I kim from " "Oh, but we have corrupted the name into potatoes; such a shame not to keep the idiom of a language. Bridget, do you mind if I call you Biddie ? It is more euphonious and modernizes the classic appellation. What is this liquid in the pan here?" "Och, murder! Where wuz ye raised? That is millick, fresh from the cow." "Mi-l-l-ick, that is the vernacular, I suppose, for milk, and what is that thick yellow coating ?" "It's crame. (Lord what igno rance ") "Crame! Now, Biddie dear, I must go to work. I'm going to make a cake all out of my own head for Henry—he's my lover, Biddie—to eat when Le comes to-night " Bridget, aside—"lt's dead be is, sure than, if he ates it." "I've got it all down here, Biddie, on my table: A pound of butter, twenty eggs, two pounds of sugar, salt to your taste. No, that's a mis take. Ob, here it is. Now, Biddie, the eggs first. It says to beat them well; but won't that break the shells?" "I'd break them this time if I were you, Miss Cicely; they may not set well on Mr. Henry's stomach if ye didn't," said Bridget pleasantly. "Oh, I suppose the shell are used separately. There! I've broken all the eggs into the flour. I don't think I'll use the shells, Biddie; give them to some poor poople. Now what next? Oh' I'm so tired! Isn't housework dreadful hard? But I'm glad I've learned to make cake. Now what shall I do next, Biddie ?" "Excuse me, Miss Cicely, but you moight give it to the pigs. It's me self can't see any other use for it," said Bridget. "Pigs! Oh, Biddie! you don't mean to say that you have some dear, cunning little white pigs! Oh, do bring the little darlings in aud let me feed them I'm just dying to have one for a pet. I saw some canton flannel ones once at a fair and they were too awfully sweet for anything." Just then the bell rang and Bridget returned to announce Mr. Henry, and Miss Cieely told Bridget she would take another lesson the next day, and then she went up stairs in her chintz apron and mop cap, with a little daub of flour on her tip-lifted nose, and told Henry she was learning to cook, and he told her she must not get over heated or worried out, for he didn't care whether she could cook or not; he should never want to eat wheu he could talk to her, anil it was only sordid souls that c red for cooking And meanwhile poor Bridget was just slamming things in the kitchen and talking to herself in her own sweet idiom about "idgits turning things upside down for her inconva niencing." BIG FARMS ON THE PACIFIC COAST. —The "Mammoth Farm," of the Black lock Wheat Growing Company of Washington Tenitory, comprises (50,- 000 acres of wheat land, of which 25,- 000 acres are fenced. Ground has beeu broken for a crop which is expected to foot up between JOO.OOO and .00,000 bushels. Another large farm is that of Dr. Hugh J. Glenn of California, of which 45.000 acres were in wheat this year The owner bail provided 350,000 sai-ks each holding 140 pounds, but at last reports they promised to Is* unequal to the ta.-k of holding the crops. Dr. Glenn has his own machine shops, blacksmith shops, saw and planing mills, etc; He manufactures his own wagons, separators, headers, harrows, aud nearly all the machinery and im plements used. He has employed 50 men in seeding anil 150 in harvest, 200 head of horses and mules, 55 grain headers and other wagons, 150 sets of harness, 12 twelve-foot headers, 5 sulky hay rakes, 12 eight-mule cultivators, 4 Gem seed sowers, 8 Buckeye drills, 8 mowers, 1 forty-eight inch separator, 36 feet long and high, with a capacity of 10 bushels per minute; 1 forty-inch separator, 3(5 feet long; 2 forty-feet elevators for self-feeder, 1 steam barley or feed mill, and 2 twenty horse power engines The forty-eight inch separator thrashed, on the Bth of August, 1879, 5,779 bubhels of wheat. THE BIGGEST MAS IN THE WORMt. Chang has arrived. For years , vague rumors have been cir culated to the etftct that Eu rope had a giant that the Tritons themselves might envy. If an Amer ican, Australia, or Canadian giant was produced, some scoffing foreigner was always ready with, "Call hiiu a giant ? You just ought to see Chang. Chang can swing his arm over this fellow's head and not touch him." Yesterday when the City of Berlin reached her wharf the cabmen fell back ih dismry at the apparition which !. lined up and picked his way care fully down the gang plank. This was Chang. He walked up to a coach with maj'-stic tread a;id, resting his hand lightly on the seat which was above an ordinary man's head, looked d >wn upon the driver and, smiling, said in perfect English : 'Can you drive my secretary and myself to the Spanish Hotel at 23 Grant Jones street ?" 'Can—can you get in the carriage ?' stammered the bnckiuan. 'Oh, yes, easily,' and the giant crouched down until his knees nearly reached the ground, and half slid, have crammed himself into the vehi cle A Sun reporter called at the Spanish hotel in the afternoon and saw, sit ting on au improvised seat of two chairs with heavy boards laid across a preseuee which seemed to fill the whole room. Chang is unquestiona ble the largest man in the world. He is gigantic. As he sat there smiling and nodding, his thoroughly Chinese face looked fully as broad as an ordi nary man's shoulders, and as long, if not longer than a flour barrel. His cheek bones bulged out, and are as large as a full-sized orange. He is 33 years old, is the son of a wealthy silk and tea merchant in I'ekin, where he was born, is well educated, speaks, and writes English, German, French, Italian and Spanish, and is thoroughly courteous and gentlemenly. With Chang is bis 'secretary,' a bustling, busy, earnest little Frenchman named Naud, who looks upon the giant with admiration and delight. 'What kind of a trip did you make ?' asked the reporter. 'Extremely rough The majority of the passengers were quite ill—' 'Oh, but Monsieur Chang was not one little bit sick. Oh! no. no, no,' interrupted the little secretary. 'We had to have two staterooms made into one, and a berth eleven feet long built expressly for him. He wasn't seasick a bit- He sang a Chinese song for the passengers in a coucert 011 the steamer last Monday with immense success. 00, he's a great fellow!' 'What is your exact height Chaiig? r 'I have never been measured, mon sieur. With our people it is a super stition which takes the form of a reli gious creed, that no man must be meas ured until dead. I would rather die th in allow myself to be measured. In fact, if I were measured I would die at onee, I fear. I am, however, some where in the neighborhood of nine feet. I will stand up and you can stand be side me and judge for yourself." Chang rose, and. rising, it seemed as though he would never stop. The Sun reporter stands fi feet 3 inches in height. lie, at Cbaug's suggestion, put on a high silk hat and walked un der the giant's outstretched arm, near the shoulder, without coming within two inches of his sleeve. Then fixing the height, of his head about half way between the giant's waist and neck, the reporter checked ofT three feet at a guess and found that the crown ol the Chinaman's head was surely nine feet from the floor. His hands and feet are comparatively small and very well formed. He has exhibited before all the crowned heads or Europe Australia, and has been the pet of several sover eigns. He wears a solitaire diamond ring, giveu him by the Emperor of Russia, which is valued at $1,400 At tached to his chain is a gold medal given him by the Berlin Exhibition, which asserts that he is the largest man of recent times. He also has half a dozen immense diamond rings given him bv Rajahs in India, Mayors in Australia, and potentates from all quar ters of the globe. While talking to the reporter he suddenly dived into his vest puck' t, which was large enough to hold an ordinary man's head, and brought forth a ring with the official seal and monogram of Francis Joseph, inscribed to 'Chang.' He also has a waKh, given him bv Queen Victoria, which weighs two pounds and a half, and has a chain nine feet long, which barelv reaches around his neck and down to his vest, pocket. Chang was brought over by Barnum, Bailey, and Hutchinson, the new Bar num firm, who give him SSOO a week for one year.— N. Y. Sun. BEET SUGAR MAKING IN DELAWARE. —The uew .sugar mill of the Delaware Sugar Company, at Riverside, a short distance above Wilmington, has begun work. Last year the entire product of sugar beets in Delaware amounted to about 800 tons, but this season the company expert to obtain from three to four thousand tons of better beets than last year, the cultivation having been better understood. The beets already delivered are testing from 8 to 14 per cent of saccharine matter, and the coin any are paying from $3 50 to $7 per ton for tii' in, and are working up a bout 50 tons a day. If they obtaiu the quantity of beets calculated upon, the product, under the new and improv ed process now in use in the new mill, will be about 550.000 pounds of raw suirar, *200,000 pounds of molasses, and 1,700 tons of pul,>, which is now sell ing at the factory to farmers at $1 per ton. It is stated that some of the beets were allowed to remain in the ground too late in the season, and thereby were somewhat deteriorated for pro ducingsugar. This, with other defects in the cultivation, will, it is said, be remedied the next season If you would make a lasting and earnest friend advise that person suf fering from any uriuary trouble to use Dhy's Kidney Pad. ADVERTISING KATES, One square, one insertion, fl; each aubae qnent insertion, 50 cento. Yearly advertisement exceeding one-fourth of a column, t 5 per inch i Figure work doub e the*e latet; additiona charges where weekly or montLly changes are made. Local advertisements 10 cents tier line for fir*t insertion, and 5 cents per line for each additional insertion, Marriages and deaths pub lished free of charge. Obitnary notices charged a* advertisements. and payable when handed in Auditors' Notices. #4 ; Executors' and Adminia trators' Notices. *3 each; Estray, Caution and Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten linee, each. From the fact that the Crrtzzx ia the oldea* established and most extensively circulated Re publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Reput lican coiuily) it must be apparent ta business nun that it is the medium they should use in advertising their Business. NO. 10 A STRANOE PACE IN JAPAN. People with a Coal of Fur on their Backs. In her recent work, "Unbeaten Tracks in Japan," Miss Isabella Bird gives some graphic pictures of the Ai nos, or aborigines of the island of Yezo, Japan. "After the yellow skins, the s-tifl" horse bair, the feeble eyelids, the sloping eyebrows, the flat noses, the sunken cheeks, the Mongolian features, the puny physique, the shaky walk of the men, the restricted totter of the wo men, and the general impression of de generacy conveyed by the appearance of the Japanese, the Ainos," she says, "make very singular impression. All but two or three that I have seen are the most ferocious looking of savages, with a physique vigorous enough for carrying out the most ferocious inten tions, but as soon as they SDeak the countenance brightens into a smile aa gentle as that of a woman, something which never can be forgotten. The men are about middle height, broad chested, broad-shouldered, 'thick-set,' very strongly built, the arms and legs short, thick and muscular, the hands and feet large The bodies, and espe cially the limbs of manr, are covered with short bristly hair. I have seen two boys whose backs are covered with fur as fine and soft as that of a cat. The he d and faces are very striking. The foreheads are very high, broad and prominent, and at first sight give one the impression of an unusual capacity for intellectual development; the ears are small and set low; the noses are straight, but short, and broad at the nostrils ; the mouths are wide but well formed, and the lips rarely show a ten dency to fullness. The neck is short, the cranium rounded, the cheek-bones low, aud the lower part of the face ia small as compared with the upper, the peculiarity called a 'jowl' being un known. The eyebrows are full, and form a straight line nearly across the face. The eyes are large, tolerably deeply set, and very beautiful, the color a rich liquid brown, the expression sin gularly so ft, and the eyelashes long, silkv and abundant. The skin has the Italian olive tint, but in most cases is thin, and light enough to show tha changes of color in the cheek. Tho teeth are small, regular and very white; the incisors and 'eye teeth,' are not dis proportionately large, as is usually the case among the Japanese ; there is no tendency towards prognathism and the fold of integument which conceals the upper eyelids ot the Japanese is never to be met with. The features, expres sion and aspect are European rather than Asiatic. "The 'ferocious savagery' of the ap pearance of the men is produced by a profusion of thick, soft black hair, di vided in the middle and falling in heavy mass nearly to the shoulders. Out of doors it is kept from falling over the face by a fillet round the brow. The beards are equally profuse, quite mag nificent, and generally wavy, and in the case of the old men they give truly a patriarchal and venerable aspect, in spite of the yellow tinge produced by smoke and want of cleanliness. The savage look produced by the masses of hair and be ird and the thick eye brows, is mitigated by the softness in the dreamy brown eyes, and is alto gether obliterated by the exceeding sweetness of the smile, which belongs in greater or less degree to all the rougher sex. I have measured the height of thirty of the adult men of this village, and it ranges from five feet four inches to five feet six and a half inches. The circumference of the heads averages 22.1 inches, and the arc, from ear to ear, thirteen inches. The average weight of the Aino adult brain, ascertained by measurement of Aino skulls, is 45.90 ounces avoirdu pois, a brain weight said to excell that of all the races, Hindoo and Mussul man, of the Indian plaias, and that of the a : original races of India and Cey lon, anil is only paralleled by that of the races of the Himalayas, the Sia mese, and the Chinese Burmese." The firm consisting of two brothers, Jacob and Isaac, in New York, had failed for a large amount, and announc ed forthwith their ability to pay only ten cents on a dollar. This having been doue, Jacob said to Isaac: "Isaag, dod vos der biggest day's pecsuess vo efer done, hah ?" "1 ped you." "Isag, ve vill go celebrade. Ve vill haf big dinner by der Delmonigo, hah?" "All rhiad " They went to Delmonico's and order ed a sumptuous meal, for which they were charged sls Said Jacob, presenting a $5 bill to the cashier: "Gif me dree dollars and a half shange." How is that?'' asked the cashier, "your bill is sls, and that is but $1.50." Oxeetly, dot's rhiad. You see ve vos baengrubt, undt pay not more as den cend an de tawler' ain,t it Isaag?" But the cashier (ailed to see it that way, and sending for an officer he made Jacob produce the correct amount. "(Jot vill bunish you for dees," said Jacob to the cushii'S. "He bunish you for shead a man who only gan bay tea cend on der tawler, ain't it Isaag?" Isaac said nothing, and the brothers started out, Jacob still assuring the cashier that "Got vill bunish you for dese dings," and when they got into the street, Isaac said cautiously to Ja cob ; "Yacob, you vas rhiid. Got vill bunish (lot man, Yacob," he continued, running his band in the breast pocket of his overcoat and pulling out some thing. "Got half already bunished dot man, for I got me one tozen dees zilver sboons." Suicide is not more sinful thau neg lecting a cough. For only 25 cents you fan buy a bottle of Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup aud be saved from death. A fanatic is a man who thinks th* whole world a pack of fools becaua* they wont look through his greea glasses. Aver's Ague Cure is an infallible cure for fever and ague in all its forms. The proprietors warrant it, aad their word is as good as a U S. bond. Try it.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers