g|IBtK!BIPTIOX BATES:
Per fMt, In advance W 50
Otherwise 2 00
No subscription will be discontinued until all
arrearage* are paid. Poi-tmasten. neglecting to
notify as when snbscribcrs do not take out their
papers will be held liabie for the subscription.
tiubacribeis removing from one poetoftice to
another should give OH the name of the former
u well ae the preeent otfice.
All communicntioiie intends! for publication
n this paper must be accompanied by the real
name of the writer, not for publication, bot ae
a gnaiantee of good faith.
Marriage and death notices must be aocompa
iied by a reeponsible name
iudre " THE BDTI ER CITIZB.K.
BDTLEB. PA.
TRAVELERS' QUIDE.
VTLBK, KARNL 1 CITI AND PAKKIK RAILROAH
Trains tatTt Butler for St. Joe. Millerstowu,
Kirns CilV, Petrolw, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. ia.,
itid U. 25 and 7JR p ra.
Xrains arrive al Butler from the above uamed
poiiito 7. 7a. ni ind 2.15, and 715 y m
The 2.15 train nwiMlr wnh irain "D the Wist
Peun road "hr-mifh !<■ Wltsbanth.
,HENASOO ANI> AIAEOHEJiV KAILKOAD
Trains leave HilltardV Mill, Butler county,
or Harrisvilk, Greenville. etc.. H . 5' a. ra.
,nd H.2H i>. iu.
Train* it-r.ve ». i i '•
"VlnVks to and ! rom P. rol a M rti -'hiiry.
Falrview, Modoc ami r>oiitiu>i . coni'.'it al ml
liiid with all runs "" the - & A ron<i
rBNSaTI.VAMA KAII.KCMU.
I'rain* leave Buller (Butler or Pitlebnrnh Titne.)
Market M 5.05 a in , iroe- .hrootfh to Alle
gheny, «. virnr at S».01 iu T!.l r Ira n .-nn
*«*» at Free on will. Fr. j.o.t Aee. mm..da
tion, which arrive?- n' Alht'lieny >i W. 20 a. in.,
railroad tiiu<-.
Expreta ;ii 7.21 ... ui , il Huller
luncti n, with.-nr em.i-.re of '! 8-'-" *'l^
Exti P* *.vl. nrriviiijr In env al .lob
ID , and Ex- res- enet arriving »i Blairsvllie
41 10 55 a. m. railroad till).'.
Unit at 2 2S p in . co'ii ectlnt; .it Butler Juii.:-
tlonwithout change ol crs, with Express west,
arriving in Allegheny at 50! p m„ n.d Lx
ore«- east iirrivimr at Bhirsville infr-ccili'i,
it 555 p. iu. rtilr I time. whleU e niiects w'lh
Phil ideiphia Kxpn-v* .-a ', when on time.
The 7.21 a. in tniti connects -t BlairsviHe
,t 11 115 a m with thi M .1 east, "'d l"e 2.3«
i>. ra. train ai «54* witn Mi. Philadelphia Ex
praw D
Train* arrive at KufJer «»n v\ #♦! reiin K K at
tf 5* ». m . 4.5 m and 7.01 |i. m . BuM. r iluie The
».56 and 458 trains . omiei l with rains on
ttie Butler A Parker R. R.
Main Line.
Through train.- leav. Piiisbmirtl 10. the Ea-«
t -<J Sr. »'.d 8.2K a in. >nd 12 51, 421 a> d 8 '*t p.
m arriving al Philadelphia at 1.40 and 720
P. In and H.OO. 7.0 and 7.40 a ni.; nl Baltimore
thoui the same t me. «i N<-w York three hour*
Bier, and at Wa-hiiikton alw.ui one aud a half
Hoar* lale.r.
Tluie of ll«»l<kliitC C'o:trlM.
The several Conrt* of tb« comity of -Bailer
commence oil the Art Monday of March, June.
September md December, and continue two
week*, or ao long ae n ceesary to diapoee of the
bnnneee. No can nee are pnt down for trial or
traverue jnroru htuninoiied for the first week of
the several termM.
ATTORNEYS AT LA U
BUTLER, PA.
J. F. BRTTT^UN,
Office with 1. Z MjlclieU Diamond.
A~ M. CUNNINGHAM,
Office iu l'.r..dy'- L»w Building. Butler, Pa.
S. 11. PIERSOL.
Office on N. E. corner Diau.ou.i, Riddle build
ing 4K>*l2
JOHN M. GREER.
Office on >. E. cottier I)ii .<oii-J. novli
WSI H UrsK,
Office with W H. H Riddle. Eeq. _
NKWTON HL U K
Otiioe on Diamond, near Court Mouse, nouth
•ide ____
' E7T BHITGH,
Office in Riddle's Lnw Buildln>r.
S F. BOWSER -
Office in Riddle's Law Building [marH'7-
.F. B. MCJUNKIN:
Special attention (riven to collection? Oflie
opponlU" Wilhird Hon^e.
JOSEPH IV BRET)IN,
Offli-e north-eiiet lome.r of Diamond. BnUei
Pa.
H. H. GOUCHER,
•Iti'eil. i>ili)UM». UP WHS >•.
J 1 DOM V
office near Oimrt H."i«'-.
VX~D BU\NI)»»N
eb!7-7ft ' 'ffii •• in BergV bnildin^
RI \KKN< K W \I.KKH,
Office m Bredin i.nildiiij; U'&rr. i
PEHJ) ItEI BEK
Office In BertViiew building. Main street, ip-'l -
F VI EAST AN,
Office in Bredin building.
LEVrMrQIITs'I ION:
Office Main stieet, 1 door south ol Court Hon.-
JOS C. VANDKRLIN,
Office Main street. 1 door south of Court Hou-<-
WM A, FOIfQUEK.
If Office on Main street, opposiie Vo«ele>
House.
GEO R ~W IIITK,
Oflire N. E. c< rner of OitiniiMi
FHANriS S PUHVI ANT'K
offi«e wit.li (Jen. J. N. Purvianoe. Main *rr>-e
south of Court House.
J I) \HJUNKIN
Ofl.ce in bnildiin', west !>ide o
Main street, 2nd squ.iru from Court Hoiit-e
"T G W LITIAMS.
Office on Diamond, two doors west of Cinz*>
offioe. ap2tf
T C. ( A PBELL.
Office in Berg's new building, 2d door, oai.
aide Main at., a few doors south of Lowr<
Hoose. m»r3—tl
N A. A SULLIVAN,
may 7 OFFICT* S. W. C»r OF Diamono,
BLACK A BRO ,
Office on Main street one door soutl. >■
Brcdy Block, Buller. Pa. (sen. 3. IS7-I
JOHN M MILLER A BROT"
Office in Brnd/'s f.aw Building. Main street,
south of Court UoiD-e. EUOKNP. O. MILI.i k,
Notary Public. ,im4 l j
THOMAS ROBINSON, '
BUTLER. IA. _______
JOHN H. NEQLEY,
CdrOiTes particnlai atteution to transaction*
is real estate throaghout the county.
Omcuoll DIAXONI>. NKAH OinilT QoCSK. I
CITIZEV nniM.rNi.
E. K. ECKI.BT, KEXNEDT MARSHALL
(Lale ot Oliio.)
El KLKY <t AIfeHALL
Otlire iii BmrtyV |.»w KulUiin;.
Attorney il Ln w. Leg..l hnsines* caref'illy
trHiisncted Collectionf made and promptly
remitted. Ba-lnen- corriMpondencc promptly
attended to and :in<wered.
Office opposite Lowrj House, Butler, Pa.
MISCELLANEOUS.
McSWEENY K McSWEENY,
Hinetbport and Br dford. Pa.
M N MILES.
Petrolia, Sutler county. Pa. |)n
.M. c. BENEI MTrr.
janfi f.f p««iri»'i;i Hntl'/r P
PH YSK'L ANri.
JOHN E BYERS,
PHYSIt/'IAN ANPSUR<.I ON,
myai-ly] HUTI.KK IA
I>EN I s
JD EJJSTRXST 1-x.Y.
OU CALDRON. Hr ('nine of ihe Phil
|t udclpt'ia Dent:.l College.ic pre|.:ire<l
• l« sto do nnythini: in the line ol h\»
profession In a satisfactory manner.
Office on Main street. Butler. Uuion Block,
up stairs. apll
HRH " set Reeds 2 Knee
SS7."X). H Hiop Organ. Ri<s>l. Bfxik, only 453.75
Piano . Stool. Cover. 8f...k - 90 to 1255. Illus
trated caialosf'tn fr«e \ Id-ess
aril f' IHtNVVI.t, I Pa
7(i A 1 ' k tli •i»y »t I omeea 'iTma 1e
VOL. XVIII.
CARPETS! OIL CLOTHS! MATS! RUGS' STAIR RODS
s NEW STOCK! HEW STOCK! >
1 HECK & PATTERSON'S P
! NEW MBPET BOOM j
Q NOW OPEN! '
One Door South of th@ip (nothing ftout©, b
•j J- t-5
i Dufly'N Hlo«k, sept2o-tf Butler, P». fi
I -J
II rT(Tn ISfVQH igXYW iSH,unO r IIO iSvLffdHVO
141 Fine Merchant Tailoring 141
A T
JOHN OMMERT'B,
m-a e b^«>«3 H*., Ailertimcmy *"*»-
ALSO A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF
ZMTEHSPS FLOY'S AN"D CHILDR'EJN '3
P.EADY-MAIJE CLOTHING, AND GENTS FURNISHING GOODS, AC.
A fine selection of Fall and Winter goods will be made to order at reasonable prices, and
satisfaction guaranteed. ...... . , , . , c .. , r . . ..
Overcoats a specialtv. A cordial invitation is extended to the people of the v lcmity, to
call and examine our stock, visitors as well as buyers will be welcome.
JOHN OMMERT. 141 Federal Street, Allegheny City. Pa-
2nd DOOR FROM SOUTH DIMOND STREET.
Dry Goods. Notion?, Trirmings, Groceries, etc,
IABGE STOCK OF FALL ANT) WINTER GOODS AT
A. TROUTMAN'S
Corner Main and Mifflin Street,
Dress Goods of all kinds, large assortment colored and black Cashmeres, large
assortment Black Silks, Momie cloths, fancy Brocades, Plaids, Cotton Dress
Goods, Calicoes, Chintzes, etc.
Trimm-nes. f: riramings. Trimmings.
Brocade Silks, all colors.
Plain Silks, all colors.
Plain Satins.
Brocade Satms.
Striped Satins.
Brocade Velveteens, all colors.
Plain \ elveleens, all colors.
Black Silk Velvet.
Fiing?s, Black and Colored.
Pussiimentries. ornaments.
Cord and Tassels, a fine assortment.
Buttons. Buttons, Buttons
A full line of Dress and Cloak Buttons—A large
assortment.
A full line of Ribbons, I>aces, Embroidery, Lace
Ties, Ruching and Ladies' Neckwear.
Cloaks ad Dolmans ! Cloaks and Dolmans !
SHAWLS! - SKIRTS!
Flannels, barred and twilled, plain colors and best makes;
Canton Flannel; Ladies'. Cloth, all colors; Ladies' Sacking;
Black Beavers; Cashmeres; Jeans; Tweeds; Ticking; Shirt
ing; Muslins; Table Linens', Toweling. Blankets, etc.
I also keep a full line of Groceries, Queensware, etc. All the
above goods at lowest prices.
Countv produce and grain taken in exchange for goods.
A. Troutman.
"JOHN m k SON,
CrMOCERS
Cor, Main and Cunningham St., Butler, Pa.
One Boor Soutli of JOHN BERG & CO.'S BANK.
Having refitted the large and commodious Store Room, situate
in tlie above stated location, formerly occupied by Martin Keiber
Sr., we will in a few da\s opon up a first-class grocery, and will
nfli-r to tie public at bottom prices, a fine selection of choice.
T K A S. CO FFE ES, SUG A RS,
SYKI'PS. MOLASSFS, PURE SPICES.
< HEKSE, FISH, SALT, &c.
The Highest
MARKET PRICE PAID IN CASH FOR ALL KIND
OF GRAIN AND PRODUCE.
•John Sc Son.
HoTKLS
GRAND BOULEVARD HOTEL J
Corner 59//t St. & liroaduay,
NEW 10RK.
On Both American ami European Plans.
Fronting on Central l'ark, the 11 mini Boulevard.
Broadway and I'lfi>-Ninth St., this Hotel occu
pies Um esUrc square, and waa buill and fur
nished at an expense of over (4nu,000. It Is one of
the mo«t elegant as well aa being Ihe finest lo
eated hi the euy ; has a passenger Elevator and
all modem improvements, and is within one 1
square of the dcpols of the Sixth and Eighth
Avenue Elevated It. I*. cars and still nearer to tlie
Broadway cars—convenient and accessible from i
all parts of the city. Rooms with hoard. S2 per i
day. Special rates for families and permanent
guests. E. HASKELL, Proprietor.
National Hotel,
CORTLANDT STREET, NEAB Bn dwky
NEW YOKK.
HOTCITKISS k POND, - - Prop'rs.
ON THE EUR')PE\N PLAN.
The restaurant, cafe and lunch room attached
are unsurpassed for cheapness anil excellence of
service Rooms 50 ctH. to $2 per 'lay, .*3 to £lO
per week. Convenient to all ferries and city
nilroad*. N' w FnnrfiTtiUß. Ni.w Manaok
HKMT. janls-ty
-J- II RE It HOUSE.
L NICKLAS Prop'.,
MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA.
Having taken po*ession of the above well
E'lwn Hotel. ami it being famished in the
be*t of style tor the accomodation of ({nests, the
public are respect'ully invited to Rive me a call
I have alno possession of the barn in rear of
hotel, which furnishes excellent stabling, ac
• comodations for my patrons.
X, NIf'KLAH.
% flmlnlwtralrix"* Volicp.
Notice is hereby eiveti that I. Kate R. Rowe.
have taken out letters of administration on the
esta'e of Lew - Ho*e. late of Karn* Citv, Butl(r
coni-ly. Pa., dec'd, all persons having claims or
demt nds against th« estate of said decedent are
requ sted to present the sa-ne to me at once.
K\TF. R RoWK,
A'li 'i of Lewis I ow«, dec'd Kittannini;. pk.
d. 8 t
" FOR SALE.
A Fine Single Sleigh, Riade in the
latest stvle. swell lied. Also a fine two
i burn sleigh can be bought cheap.
[ TWwi* Italy, rocfufr'e at CWIVu cffiw.
Corsets. Corsets. Corsets.
A large stock to select from.
Gloves. Gloves, G oves.
Kill Gloves, Silk Gloves.
Lisle Thread Gloves.
Cashmere Gloves, and Berlin GIOVPS.
Yarns. Yarns, Yarns
Germantown Yarns. Saxouy Yarns, f a.shn.ert
Yams, German Worsteds, Factory Yarns, Berlin
Zeplier.
Underwear, Underwear, Underwesr.
For Children, ladles' and Gentlemen.
Hosiery, Hosiery, Hosiery.
Large assortment lor Children 1-adies' and Gen-
HOMH.
LIBERAL OFFERS
FOB 1881.
Two Keats for the Price of One!
THK )!EI HINTS OF
TIIE BRITISH QUARTERLY
(Evangelical),
LONDON QUARTERLY
( Conservative),
EDINBURGH (Whig),
AND
WETMINSTKH {Liberal),
■« a w*
AND
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine,
Present flit! bent f-. »i;:n |>eriodicals in a conven
ient form and witln-nt abridgement or alteration.
Terms of Subsc. '.ition, Including P »strige
Blackwood or any <»e one Ruview -4 400 p-r
Blackwood and en- nu iievicw 700 aiinnm
Blac, wood and tw Repawn 10 00
Blackwood and thivo Reviews ' 1 o'*
Any two Reviews 7 o<>
Any three Review* JO 'K>
The fom Reviews 12 00
Klackwocd and the fjr.r Reviews 15 00
These are about half the prices charged by the
English Publiehei
(lirciilars tbe Contents of the Periodi
cals for the year 1 11. and many other particu
lars may be had on a| u'ication.
PREMIUMS s
New subscribers may have the numbers for
18SO an.l ISBI at tl.e price of one year's subscrip
tion only.
To any subscriber, i.ew or old, we will furuish
the periodicals for IH7'» at ha.lf price.
All orders to be sent to the publication offioe
To secure promina- applv promptly.
The Leonard Scott Publishing Co.,
41 Biirrla} Si., Xew YorU.
Union Woolen Mill,
I'.UTLEK, PA.
11. FUl.MirtTO*. Prop'r.
Munuiucturcr ot BI.ANKETS, FI YAKHB,
Ac. Alt-o cuj-toni work done to order, such an
i.inline Kollt, mnkiu. Ithinkeu, Flanuela Knit
ling uu<i Wiaviuf Y irim, Ac., .'t very 'ow
prices Wool worked « n the sl:arM, it de
aired. »nv7-l V
KPWrrnr CwmmtUm and Asthma.
±NL » LI IIHi. .Never yet failed. AAITM*
Willi (stamp, "HO.UE," Ttvh&CM, MM. [JaT tf
BITLER, PA., WEDNESDAY. JANt AKY <26. 1881
DIPTHERIA, WHAT IT IS AND
HOW TO CURE IT.
BY. M. COB A BLAND, M. D.
Diptheria is a disease of the blood,
of the septic type, and belongs to the
same family as scarlet fever.
It is always produced by living
germs, which, when once in the sys
tem, increase rapidly by propogation
and feed on the blood, first inflaming
it and finally making a combined and
vigorous attack upon the mucous sur
face and glands of the throat. It is of
the greatest importance that the peo
ple as well as the physician should un
derstand this disease, and it is especi
ally important that the people under
stand it, for the reason that the major
ity of physicians do not. It is the
most insidious. daDgerous. and if not
properly treated, a most fatal disease
Yet physicians who understand it nev
er lose a case, I have been called upon
to treat many cases of this disease, and
have never yet lost one. And if the
women of the country were intelligent
upon the subject of its character and
symptoms, and familiar with the use
|of such simple remedies as are in the
reach of all it would be entirely shorn
of its terrors, for then if by accident
one person in a family or neighborhood
should be attacked by it, they could be
readily cured not only, but it could be
prevented from attacking others. I
have said it is a septic disease. There
fore the secret of its prevention lies
almost wholly in the use of an antisep
tic. Pure air is the great universal
antiseptic. What I mean by pure air
is air containing its natural proportions
of nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone. Such
atmosphere is fatal to all forms of dis
ease-producing germs. They cannot
live in it. But as we are not yet able
always to have perfectly pure air. We
have, however, learned how to purify
it on a limited scale, and 1 have scarce
a doubt but science will yet teach us
how to do so on a general universal
scale. When a case of diphtheria oc
curs in a family, we should know that
the patient caught it from some other
person afflicted with it, either directly
or indirectly, for it cannot arise spon
taneously. The germs may he carried
in the clothing from on person to an
other. In this way, physicians uncon
sciously or carelessly spread this and
other diseases throughout whole neigh
borhoods.
Until within a few years small pox
was a most fatal disease, spreading
through whole communities and killing
people by hundreds. Now it rarely
proves fatal, and never becomes epi
demic, except where the people and the
physicians arc alike ignorant of sanita
ry science.
It is not vaccination that has sub
dued this terrible pestilence, but disin
fectants—correct habits of diet and
fresh air, sanitary science and common
sense. A year and a half ago we were
called to see a case of diphtheria by
physician of forty years' experience,
who had lost two other cases in the
same family within as many weeks
He said to us, like an honest man : "I
do not know how to cure this new dis
ease, aud I am ready to adopt any
treatment that you may recommend."
We replied, this house has the diphthe
ria, and the first thing to do is to cure
it." He expressed astonishment, and
asked for an explanation. "Why,"
said I, "the atmosphere of the house—
the walls, the carpets, the beds, and
the clothing of its occupants are full of
diphtheretic disease germs, which must
be destroyed or the child will die; other
members of the family follow it; and
from here the disease will spread to the
neighboring houses, carried in the
clothes of visitors." In the language
of an ancient poet, I said: "Bring me
sulphur, that I may fumigate the
room," and I improved upon the an
cient prescription adding tar. The
house was thoroughly saturated with
the fumes of tar and sulphur. The
windows and doors were then thrown
open that the fresh air and sunlight
might enter and carry off the disease
charged vapors. Prescribing for the
patient appropriate anti-septics as in
terual remedies, aud liquid ozone as a
gargle for the throat, then in the first
state of ulceration, I departed. The
child recovered rapidly, nor did any
other cases occur in that family.
I repeat, the cause of the disease is
living germs, and the chief remedy is
disinfection. Destroy the germs of
disease in the patient and iu the house,
and the work is done.
Disinfection is the basis of sanitary
science, and it is of the utmost import- I
ance that those who preside over the
house should understand this and
should be familiar with the virtues of
t.'.e leading or most powerful disinfec
tants.
"Disease," says Professor Tyndall,
"is produced from seeds planted in the
system, which, finding their proper j
soil and temperature, develop and niul-'
tiply." It is a vital process, not a
chemical one. Chemical substances
have no power to multiply themselves.
Living organisms only can do that.
LEARNING TO TIE KNOTS.—A cro
respondent suggests that it would be a
handy accomplishment for schoolboys
to be proficient in the handling, splicing,
hitching, and knotting of ropes. He
suggests the propriety of having the
art taught in our public schools. A
common jack knife and a few pieces of
clothes line are the main appliances
needed to impart the instruction with.
He concludes it would not only be of
use in ordinary daily life, but especially
to those who handle merchandise and
machinery Any one, he adds, who.
has noticed the clumsy haphazard man
ner in which boxes aud goods are tied
for hoisting or for loading upon trucks,
will appreciate the advantage of prac
tical instruction in this direction.
Probably a good plan, he further sug
gests, would be to have one schoolboy
taught first by the master, and then
let the pupil teach other boys.
Our correspondent thinks most boys
would consider it a nice pastime to
practice during recess and atthedinner
bour, so that no time would be taken
from study or recitatiou time.
Rubber bits are the best for winter
| usfe dn ytAir btfrses.
A NO TA BL E JO URNE Y IN
AFRICA.
One of the most remarkable of recent
journeys in Central Africa was discrib
ed in a paper lately read in London be
fore the Royal Geographical Society.
We may well doubt whether there
will hereafter be any famous explorers
of Africa. The great mountains, lakes,
and rivers of a continent ean be dis
covered only once. There is no reason
to believe that any important natural
feature of Africa now remains wholly
unknown to the outside world. We
probably have much to learn in Afri
can geography which will be interest
ing, but hardly much that will seem
wonderful. Heroes as many of them
were, it is nevertheless true that the
long line of explorers extending from
the time of Bruce to the time of Liv
ingstone owe no small part of their dis
tinction to the fact that when they
travelled in Africa there was still some
thing important left to be discovered.
Although present and future explor
ers of Africa, therefore, are not likely
to acquire permaneut distinction, the
Boyal Geographical Society s recent
East African expedition has shown
that there is still much valuable and
important work left for them to do.
This expedition set out from Zanzibar
in May, 187?, under command of Mr.
Keith Johnston, a scientific geographer
of high qualifications for the work, to
explore the unknown route from the
coast to the north end of Lake Nyassa,
and also the equally unexplored coun
try lying between the north end of
Lake Nyassa and the southern extremi
ty of the Tanganyika Lake. Mr Keith
Johnston died almost at the outset of
the journey. The command devolved
upon his only European companion,
Mr. Joseph Thomson, a young Scotch
geologist only twenty-two years old
This yout 1 did not falter where tunny
an older man would have tu-ned back
disheartened. "For the first time in
my life," he says, "and in the heart of
Africa, I looked upon death ;" and yet
he bravely resolved to carry out the
purpose of his lost leader. He went
on, with his one hundred and fifty
dusky followers, through heat and
cold, often prostrated by disease, and
always exposed to danger ; he accom
plished the task assigned to the expe
dition by the Royal Geographical So
ciety ; and he brought all his men back
to the coast from which they started
withou; the loss of a life and without
firing a gun to attack others or defend
themselves.
In courage, in tenacity of purpose,
in wisdom of dealing with the natives,
and in the successful attainment of the
objects of his journey, this young
Scotchman has not been surpassed
among African explorers. The only
reason why he will not rank among
the foremost is that the expedition
was iu its nature comparatively a
minor undertaking, as must now be
the case with all explorations in Africa.
But in one respect, and without regard
to the difficulties and dangers over
come, the results of his journey are ex
ceptionally important. They enable
us to form an accurate and trustworthy
idea of the material resources of Cen
tral Africa.
For many years, and especially in
recent years, the lake regions of that
continent have been discribed by trav
ellers as one of the most promising
fields in the world for European com
merce and industry. Reports of this
kind, extolling the potential wealth of
the interior, have been so common
that, as Mr. Thomson says, people
have come to believe that Central Af
rica is extremely rich, and look upon it
as the El Dorrdo of the future. He
looked upon it, however, with the eye
of a trained scientific observer. The
principle characteristic of the consider
able area which he explored was "its
utter barrenness and the absence of
anything worth trading for." He tells
us that nowhere did he see a single
metal which a white man would for a
moment look at a a profitable specula
tion; that there is little more than iron
enough to supply the simple wants of
the natives ; aud that he saw no coal
nor any indications of coal in the wide
extent of country embraced by the
routes of the expedition.
The truth is that the supposed natu
ral wealth of Central Africa has no ac
tual existence. The East African ex
pedition has done great good by bring
ing this fact to the knowledge of the
civilized world. The clear and posi
tive evidence which it affords on the
subject will tend to prevent waste of
money, waste of effort, and waste of
life in enterprises which would certain
ly prove futile iu such a field.
TIIE MILLING INDUSTRY IN AMERICA.
—Mr. Josef.l van den Wyngaert, who
was commissioned by the Prussian
Government to make a report concern
ing the Millers' Exhibition in Cincin
nati, is said to have expressed the fol
lowing opinions on the American in
dustry of milling: In the different mills
he bad visited iu the Eastern pait of
the United States he bad found many
excellently constructed, but also many
primitive ones built 30 or 40 years
ago.
America had undoubtedly been the
most advanced country on the earth in
regard to milling, and when anything
was said at that time about American
mills in Europe, as a matter of course
only the best and most excellent ones
were meant. Since then things have
changed. While America, as well as
England and France, had come to a
standstill, Germany and Austria had
excelled remarkably in the progress of
this branch of business. The con
struction of mills in these countries is
to day much better than that of Amer
ican mills, and it was only in the last
few years that America had made ef
forts and adopted the improvements of
the Germans and Austrians, and taking
them for a basis had made further pro
gress. Thus the roller system, for in
stance, for the grinding of grain, had
been transplanted from Germany to
America. We had first met with it in
Naples, and introduced it into Germany
in 1874, from whence it had only in
the very last years found its ,way into
America.— Oenlerreichusvhe Unqari
gctie JftuXltfr.
LESSONS IN COOKING.
Miss Cicely Jouesisjust home from
hoarding school, and engaged to be
married, and as she knows nothing
about cooking or • house-work, is iroiusr
to take a few lessons in culinary art to
fit her for the new station io life which
she is expected to adorn with house
wiiely grace. She certainly makes a
charming picture as she stands in the
kitchen door, draped in a chintz apron,
prettily trimmed with bows or ribbon,
her bangs hidden under a Dolly Yar
den cap, and her dimpled wnith han ls
encased in old kid gloves, while she
sways to and fro on her dainty French
k'd heels, like some graceful wiuu
blown flour.
"Mamma," she lisped prett lv.
"please introduce me to your assistant '
Whereupon mamma says:
'.Bridget, this is your ladv, Miss
Cicely, who wants to learn the name
and use of everything in the kitchen,
and bow to make cocoanut rusks and
angels' food before she goes to house
keeping for herself."
Bridget gives ;• snort of disfavor,
but, as she looks at the young ladv,
relents and savs, "I'll throy."
"And now, Bridget, dear," said
Miss Cicely, when they were alone,
"tell rue everything except what they
did at school, and isn't the old kitchen
lovely ? What, makes this ceiling
such a beautiful color, Bridget ?''
"Shmoke," answered Bridget, very
shortly, "and me ould eyes are put
out wit! that same."
"Shmoke—l must remember that,
and, Bridget, what are those shiny
things on the wall ?"
"Kivers—tin kivers for the pots and
kettles."
"Kivers!—oh, yes, I must look for
the derivation of that word. Bridget,
what are those round things in that
basket?"
"Praties! For the Lord's sake
where hez ye lived niver to hear of
praties ? Why thein is the principal
mate of Irelend where I kim from "
"Oh, but we have corrupted the
name into potatoes; such a shame not
to keep the idiom of a language.
Bridget, do you mind if I call you
Biddie ? It is more euphonious and
modernizes the classic appellation.
What is this liquid in the pan here?"
"Och, murder! Where wuz ye
raised? That is millick, fresh from
the cow."
"Mi-l-l-ick, that is the vernacular, I
suppose, for milk, and what is that
thick yellow coating ?"
"It's crame. (Lord what igno
rance ")
"Crame! Now, Biddie dear, I
must go to work. I'm going to make
a cake all out of my own head for
Henry—he's my lover, Biddie—to eat
when Le comes to-night "
Bridget, aside—"lt's dead be is,
sure than, if he ates it."
"I've got it all down here, Biddie,
on my table: A pound of butter,
twenty eggs, two pounds of sugar,
salt to your taste. No, that's a mis
take. Ob, here it is. Now, Biddie,
the eggs first. It says to beat them
well; but won't that break the shells?"
"I'd break them this time if I were
you, Miss Cicely; they may not set
well on Mr. Henry's stomach if ye
didn't," said Bridget pleasantly.
"Oh, I suppose the shell are used
separately. There! I've broken all
the eggs into the flour. I don't think
I'll use the shells, Biddie; give them
to some poor poople. Now what next?
Oh' I'm so tired! Isn't housework
dreadful hard? But I'm glad I've
learned to make cake. Now what
shall I do next, Biddie ?"
"Excuse me, Miss Cicely, but you
moight give it to the pigs. It's me
self can't see any other use for it,"
said Bridget.
"Pigs! Oh, Biddie! you don't
mean to say that you have some dear,
cunning little white pigs! Oh, do
bring the little darlings in aud let me
feed them I'm just dying to have
one for a pet. I saw some canton
flannel ones once at a fair and they
were too awfully sweet for anything."
Just then the bell rang and Bridget
returned to announce Mr. Henry, and
Miss Cieely told Bridget she would
take another lesson the next day, and
then she went up stairs in her chintz
apron and mop cap, with a little daub
of flour on her tip-lifted nose, and told
Henry she was learning to cook, and
he told her she must not get over
heated or worried out, for he didn't
care whether she could cook or not;
he should never want to eat wheu he
could talk to her, anil it was only
sordid souls that c red for cooking
And meanwhile poor Bridget was
just slamming things in the kitchen
and talking to herself in her own
sweet idiom about "idgits turning
things upside down for her inconva
niencing."
BIG FARMS ON THE PACIFIC COAST.
—The "Mammoth Farm," of the Black
lock Wheat Growing Company of
Washington Tenitory, comprises (50,-
000 acres of wheat land, of which 25,-
000 acres are fenced. Ground has beeu
broken for a crop which is expected to
foot up between JOO.OOO and .00,000
bushels.
Another large farm is that of Dr.
Hugh J. Glenn of California, of which
45.000 acres were in wheat this year
The owner bail provided 350,000 sai-ks
each holding 140 pounds, but at last
reports they promised to Is* unequal to
the ta.-k of holding the crops. Dr.
Glenn has his own machine shops,
blacksmith shops, saw and planing
mills, etc; He manufactures his own
wagons, separators, headers, harrows,
aud nearly all the machinery and im
plements used. He has employed 50
men in seeding anil 150 in harvest,
200 head of horses and mules, 55 grain
headers and other wagons, 150 sets of
harness, 12 twelve-foot headers, 5 sulky
hay rakes, 12 eight-mule cultivators,
4 Gem seed sowers, 8 Buckeye drills,
8 mowers, 1 forty-eight inch separator,
36 feet long and high, with a
capacity of 10 bushels per minute; 1
forty-inch separator, 3(5 feet long; 2
forty-feet elevators for self-feeder, 1
steam barley or feed mill, and 2 twenty
horse power engines The forty-eight
inch separator thrashed, on the Bth of
August, 1879, 5,779 bubhels of wheat.
THE BIGGEST MAS IN THE
WORMt.
Chang has arrived. For years
, vague rumors have been cir
culated to the etftct that Eu
rope had a giant that the Tritons
themselves might envy. If an Amer
ican, Australia, or Canadian giant was
produced, some scoffing foreigner was
always ready with, "Call hiiu a giant ?
You just ought to see Chang. Chang
can swing his arm over this fellow's
head and not touch him."
Yesterday when the City of Berlin
reached her wharf the cabmen fell back
ih dismry at the apparition which
!. lined up and picked his way care
fully down the gang plank. This was
Chang. He walked up to a coach
with maj'-stic tread a;id, resting his
hand lightly on the seat which was
above an ordinary man's head, looked
d >wn upon the driver and, smiling,
said in perfect English :
'Can you drive my secretary and
myself to the Spanish Hotel at 23
Grant Jones street ?"
'Can—can you get in the carriage ?'
stammered the bnckiuan.
'Oh, yes, easily,' and the giant
crouched down until his knees nearly
reached the ground, and half slid,
have crammed himself into the vehi
cle
A Sun reporter called at the Spanish
hotel in the afternoon and saw, sit
ting on au improvised seat of two
chairs with heavy boards laid across
a preseuee which seemed to fill the
whole room. Chang is unquestiona
ble the largest man in the world. He
is gigantic. As he sat there smiling
and nodding, his thoroughly Chinese
face looked fully as broad as an ordi
nary man's shoulders, and as long, if
not longer than a flour barrel. His
cheek bones bulged out, and are as
large as a full-sized orange. He is 33
years old, is the son of a wealthy silk
and tea merchant in I'ekin, where he
was born, is well educated, speaks,
and writes English, German, French,
Italian and Spanish, and is thoroughly
courteous and gentlemenly. With
Chang is bis 'secretary,' a bustling,
busy, earnest little Frenchman named
Naud, who looks upon the giant with
admiration and delight.
'What kind of a trip did you make ?'
asked the reporter.
'Extremely rough The majority
of the passengers were quite ill—'
'Oh, but Monsieur Chang was not
one little bit sick. Oh! no. no, no,'
interrupted the little secretary. 'We
had to have two staterooms made into
one, and a berth eleven feet long built
expressly for him. He wasn't seasick
a bit- He sang a Chinese song for the
passengers in a coucert 011 the steamer
last Monday with immense success.
00, he's a great fellow!'
'What is your exact height Chaiig? r
'I have never been measured, mon
sieur. With our people it is a super
stition which takes the form of a reli
gious creed, that no man must be meas
ured until dead. I would rather die
th in allow myself to be measured. In
fact, if I were measured I would die at
onee, I fear. I am, however, some
where in the neighborhood of nine feet.
I will stand up and you can stand be
side me and judge for yourself."
Chang rose, and. rising, it seemed
as though he would never stop. The
Sun reporter stands fi feet 3 inches in
height. lie, at Cbaug's suggestion,
put on a high silk hat and walked un
der the giant's outstretched arm, near
the shoulder, without coming within
two inches of his sleeve. Then fixing
the height, of his head about half way
between the giant's waist and neck,
the reporter checked ofT three feet at a
guess and found that the crown ol the
Chinaman's head was surely nine feet
from the floor. His hands and feet are
comparatively small and very well
formed. He has exhibited before all
the crowned heads or Europe Australia,
and has been the pet of several sover
eigns. He wears a solitaire diamond
ring, giveu him by the Emperor of
Russia, which is valued at $1,400 At
tached to his chain is a gold medal
given him by the Berlin Exhibition,
which asserts that he is the largest
man of recent times. He also has half
a dozen immense diamond rings given
him bv Rajahs in India, Mayors in
Australia, and potentates from all quar
ters of the globe. While talking to
the reporter he suddenly dived into his
vest puck' t, which was large enough
to hold an ordinary man's head, and
brought forth a ring with the official
seal and monogram of Francis Joseph,
inscribed to 'Chang.' He also has a
waKh, given him bv Queen Victoria,
which weighs two pounds and a half,
and has a chain nine feet long, which
barelv reaches around his neck and
down to his vest, pocket.
Chang was brought over by Barnum,
Bailey, and Hutchinson, the new Bar
num firm, who give him SSOO a week
for one year.— N. Y. Sun.
BEET SUGAR MAKING IN DELAWARE.
—The uew .sugar mill of the Delaware
Sugar Company, at Riverside, a short
distance above Wilmington, has begun
work. Last year the entire product of
sugar beets in Delaware amounted to
about 800 tons, but this season the
company expert to obtain from three to
four thousand tons of better beets than
last year, the cultivation having been
better understood. The beets already
delivered are testing from 8 to 14 per
cent of saccharine matter, and the coin
any are paying from $3 50 to $7 per
ton for tii' in, and are working up a
bout 50 tons a day. If they obtaiu
the quantity of beets calculated upon,
the product, under the new and improv
ed process now in use in the new mill,
will be about 550.000 pounds of raw
suirar, *200,000 pounds of molasses, and
1,700 tons of pul,>, which is now sell
ing at the factory to farmers at $1 per
ton. It is stated that some of the beets
were allowed to remain in the ground
too late in the season, and thereby
were somewhat deteriorated for pro
ducingsugar. This, with other defects
in the cultivation, will, it is said, be
remedied the next season
If you would make a lasting and
earnest friend advise that person suf
fering from any uriuary trouble to use
Dhy's Kidney Pad.
ADVERTISING KATES,
One square, one insertion, fl; each aubae
qnent insertion, 50 cento. Yearly advertisement
exceeding one-fourth of a column, t 5 per inch
i Figure work doub e the*e latet; additiona
charges where weekly or montLly changes are
made. Local advertisements 10 cents tier line
for fir*t insertion, and 5 cents per line for each
additional insertion, Marriages and deaths pub
lished free of charge. Obitnary notices charged
a* advertisements. and payable when handed in
Auditors' Notices. #4 ; Executors' and Adminia
trators' Notices. *3 each; Estray, Caution and
Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten linee,
each.
From the fact that the Crrtzzx ia the oldea*
established and most extensively circulated Re
publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Reput
lican coiuily) it must be apparent ta business
nun that it is the medium they should use in
advertising their Business.
NO. 10
A STRANOE PACE IN JAPAN.
People with a Coal of Fur on their
Backs.
In her recent work, "Unbeaten
Tracks in Japan," Miss Isabella Bird
gives some graphic pictures of the Ai
nos, or aborigines of the island of Yezo,
Japan. "After the yellow skins, the
s-tifl" horse bair, the feeble eyelids, the
sloping eyebrows, the flat noses, the
sunken cheeks, the Mongolian features,
the puny physique, the shaky walk of
the men, the restricted totter of the wo
men, and the general impression of de
generacy conveyed by the appearance
of the Japanese, the Ainos," she says,
"make very singular impression. All
but two or three that I have seen are
the most ferocious looking of savages,
with a physique vigorous enough for
carrying out the most ferocious inten
tions, but as soon as they SDeak the
countenance brightens into a smile aa
gentle as that of a woman, something
which never can be forgotten. The
men are about middle height, broad
chested, broad-shouldered, 'thick-set,'
very strongly built, the arms and legs
short, thick and muscular, the hands
and feet large The bodies, and espe
cially the limbs of manr, are covered
with short bristly hair. I have seen
two boys whose backs are covered with
fur as fine and soft as that of a cat.
The he d and faces are very striking.
The foreheads are very high, broad and
prominent, and at first sight give one
the impression of an unusual capacity
for intellectual development; the ears
are small and set low; the noses are
straight, but short, and broad at the
nostrils ; the mouths are wide but well
formed, and the lips rarely show a ten
dency to fullness. The neck is short,
the cranium rounded, the cheek-bones
low, aud the lower part of the face ia
small as compared with the upper, the
peculiarity called a 'jowl' being un
known. The eyebrows are full, and
form a straight line nearly across the
face. The eyes are large, tolerably
deeply set, and very beautiful, the color
a rich liquid brown, the expression sin
gularly so ft, and the eyelashes long,
silkv and abundant. The skin has the
Italian olive tint, but in most cases is
thin, and light enough to show tha
changes of color in the cheek. Tho
teeth are small, regular and very white;
the incisors and 'eye teeth,' are not dis
proportionately large, as is usually the
case among the Japanese ; there is no
tendency towards prognathism and the
fold of integument which conceals the
upper eyelids ot the Japanese is never
to be met with. The features, expres
sion and aspect are European rather
than Asiatic.
"The 'ferocious savagery' of the ap
pearance of the men is produced by a
profusion of thick, soft black hair, di
vided in the middle and falling in heavy
mass nearly to the shoulders. Out of
doors it is kept from falling over the
face by a fillet round the brow. The
beards are equally profuse, quite mag
nificent, and generally wavy, and in
the case of the old men they give truly
a patriarchal and venerable aspect, in
spite of the yellow tinge produced by
smoke and want of cleanliness. The
savage look produced by the masses
of hair and be ird and the thick eye
brows, is mitigated by the softness in
the dreamy brown eyes, and is alto
gether obliterated by the exceeding
sweetness of the smile, which belongs
in greater or less degree to all the
rougher sex. I have measured the
height of thirty of the adult men of
this village, and it ranges from five
feet four inches to five feet six and a
half inches. The circumference of the
heads averages 22.1 inches, and the
arc, from ear to ear, thirteen inches.
The average weight of the Aino adult
brain, ascertained by measurement of
Aino skulls, is 45.90 ounces avoirdu
pois, a brain weight said to excell that
of all the races, Hindoo and Mussul
man, of the Indian plaias, and that of
the a : original races of India and Cey
lon, anil is only paralleled by that of
the races of the Himalayas, the Sia
mese, and the Chinese Burmese."
The firm consisting of two brothers,
Jacob and Isaac, in New York, had
failed for a large amount, and announc
ed forthwith their ability to pay only
ten cents on a dollar. This having
been doue, Jacob said to Isaac:
"Isaag, dod vos der biggest day's
pecsuess vo efer done, hah ?"
"1 ped you."
"Isag, ve vill go celebrade. Ve vill
haf big dinner by der Delmonigo, hah?"
"All rhiad "
They went to Delmonico's and order
ed a sumptuous meal, for which they
were charged sls
Said Jacob, presenting a $5 bill to
the cashier:
"Gif me dree dollars and a half
shange."
How is that?'' asked the cashier,
"your bill is sls, and that is but $1.50."
Oxeetly, dot's rhiad. You see ve
vos baengrubt, undt pay not more as
den cend an de tawler' ain,t it Isaag?"
But the cashier (ailed to see it that
way, and sending for an officer he made
Jacob produce the correct amount.
"(Jot vill bunish you for dees," said
Jacob to the cushii'S. "He bunish you
for shead a man who only gan bay tea
cend on der tawler, ain't it Isaag?"
Isaac said nothing, and the brothers
started out, Jacob still assuring the
cashier that "Got vill bunish you for
dese dings," and when they got into
the street, Isaac said cautiously to Ja
cob ;
"Yacob, you vas rhiid. Got vill
bunish (lot man, Yacob," he continued,
running his band in the breast pocket
of his overcoat and pulling out some
thing. "Got half already bunished
dot man, for I got me one tozen dees
zilver sboons."
Suicide is not more sinful thau neg
lecting a cough. For only 25 cents
you fan buy a bottle of Dr. Bull's
Cough Syrup aud be saved from death.
A fanatic is a man who thinks th*
whole world a pack of fools becaua*
they wont look through his greea
glasses.
Aver's Ague Cure is an infallible
cure for fever and ague in all its forms.
The proprietors warrant it, aad their
word is as good as a U S. bond. Try
it.