SUBM4JKIPTIOSI KATES : Per ye»r, in «dv*ace tl 60 Otberwue 2 0® No BoUwripHon will be discontinued until *1) arrearage? are paid. Postmaster* neglecting to DOtilT as when i*nlj«riben( do not take oat their p»r«rß will be held Uable for the subscription. * Hubncribeiß removing from one puotofhce to another »honld give u» the name of the former ae well a«s the present office. AH commnnicatioua intended for publication n thin paper must be accompanied by the real name of the uriter. not for publication, but ae a giiai antee of good faith. Marriage aud death noticee must be accompa nied by a responsible name. A ' JDREM THB BCTI KR CITIZKW. BCTLEB. PA. TRAVELERS' QUIDE. VTLEH, KA HVB CTTT AMD PARKBK RAILROAD Traiim leave Butler for Bt. .Roe, Millerstown. Kama City, Petrolw, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. in., and 2.25 mid 7.25 p. IU. Train* arrive at Butler from the above named point* »t 7. 7 a. m.. and 2.15, and 7.15 |> m. The 2 15 train connect* with train on the West Penn rmd 'linioitb to Piti**>urifh. liHEHANGO AND ALI.EOHESr KAILHOAD. Trains leave IlilliardV Mill, Butler county, for H:ini»ville, Greenville, etc., at 7.50 a. m. v tod 2.25 p. ID. Tni'r-" s»*rivc at Hilliurd'a Mills at 1*.45 A, M., and 5 .V» P M. Hacks t<» and from Petrolia, M?rtin»bnrjr. FairvifW, Mo.locand Tiontliian, connect at iiil lard with ad initi* on the S & A road. r*:SN»TI.VAKIA RAII.HOAD. Train* lea*e Butler (Butler or Pltu-hnrgb Time.) Market * I 5 oft a. nt., goes through to Alle gheny, ar. vintf at ».»1 ». m. Tl.i- train con rect« at Freenort with Fro-port Accommoda tion, which arrives at Allegheny at 8.20 a. m., railroad time. _ , Exprett ai 7.21 a. m . connecting at Butler Jnncti'>n, without change of Van., at 8.2fl with Exp.em west, arriving In Allegheny at W-V5 a. m.. and Kx-rrM east arriving at Blaireville at 10*55 a. m. railroad time. Hail at 'l p. in., connecting at Butler Junc tlonwithoot change ol cars, with Express w **'« -arriving In Allegheny at 501 p. in., and Ex nrvw east arriving at Bliirsville lnter>eciinn at 555 p. m nil road tim<*. which connects with Philadelphia Kxpn*»* eimt, when on time. The 7.21 a. in train connects at Blalrsville at 11 05 a m with the M'll east, and the 2.3fi p.m." train at «.5U with the Philadelphia Ex- Pr Tniins arrive at Bntler on We*t Penn K. R at 9..V a. m , <.SS and 7.01 p. m.. Butler time. The 0,56 and 458 trains connect with trains on tie Butler A Parker R. R. Hun Line. Through tralna leave Piiuhnrirb lor the Eaf at 2..V1 and S.'2H am. and 12 51, 421aid8 0« p. tn., arriving at Philadelphia at 3.40 and 7.20 p. m and 3.00. 7 0 and 7.40 a m.; at Baltimore about the same t'me. at N« w York thri* hours later, and at Wa*hlngton about one and a hall honrs later. "PHYSICIANS. JOHN E BYERS, PHYSICIAN AND SURG EON, Biy2l-lyl HUTI.ER PA. ' DENTISTS D JS JST TIST irC Y . 0 1/ WALDRON. llr dnate ol the Phil ■ adclp' la Dental College,is prepared • II .to do anythini; in the line of hi* profesrion In a satl«f;aH>ry manner Olßee on Main street. Butler. Union Block, UP stairs. apll LAND KOK SALK. FOR HALE. A Imndt-ome -ix-rooni fniuie house, located on Hlnfl -treel. northwestern pari of Butler. L*.t sn*l7«. All n<ces»«ry oui'.olldim.'*. TERMS— O* e-'hird cash ind bi. lance in four equal nnnuul payments. Inquire at this office, j in j4lf For fcmle. The well-improved fam of He v. W R Hutch lnon.in the northeast corner of Middlesex town ship. Bntler conotv. Pa . is now offered for sale, low. Inquire of W K. FBISBEE, on the prem ises. splfltf PRHA LE. $5 will hoy a one-hall interest in a good bns inesi in Plitcburi/h. One who knows some thing als nt f»ri!tlnir preferred. An honest man with Uie above xuionnt will do well lo nddres* I by letter. SVITH 4"HNS. care 8. M Jume», IKI ?.lh#-rtv Mr- et. Pill hurjrh, Ha |au27-ly liM-orporatfri IHI9. >ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY (IF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. Asets »7 07H,«4 4U l.iH«e> |• ■i■ I in 01 yenrs, 151.00'',000. i. T. McJ' NKIN <fe Si>N, Agents, J»n2Bly Jcttetvon afreet, hutler, Pa. "BUTLEK COUNTY Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts. G. C. ROESBINO, PRESIDENT. WM CAMPBELL. TREASURER H. C. HEINEM AN. SKCRETART. DI HECTORS: J. L. Purvis. E. A. Helmboldt, William Campbell, J. W. Hmkhart, A. Trontnian, Jacob Schoene, 0.0. R'»es*inif, John Caldwell, Dr. W. Irvln, W. W Dodds, J. W. Christy H. C. Helneman. JAS. T. M'JUNKIN, Gen. A«'t- JBTTTTjUJIRJ pa. MKIVKV U. HAIiK, FINE MERCHINT TIIIOR, COB. PENH AVD SIXTH STREETS, PitlthilTllh Pn f Apply at once, if you J nn I' f ! have been disabled In the U. S. service. LAW KX I'l RKB JULY Ist, 18#0, for ARHKARS. PENSIONS INCREAS ED. Thousands of Pensioner* are rated too low. BOUNTY AND NEW DISCHARGES PRO CUBED. Information freely' given. Send •tamp for blank*. Addre««. STODDART A CO., Room f, St. Cloud Building, Washington, D. C. Notice Extraordinary. * ' Peraona de»lrlntf to have their Old Fnrnitnre repair- d. or New Work made to order. auc'i an Mimic Htmd«. Hook Caeea. Wardrobe*. Ottice • Dtakii. OOi/te Tallinn. Ac. wonlddo well to call on A. 13. \VI LHON, Practical Cabinet Maker. v I hold that a piece of fnmitnre made bv hand * * worth two Ttiade by machinery, and will coat ont little more, if any. Then why n it have band made? All work mule in the latent etyle* and of the beet material I guarantee entire xat iafaction in ntvle, workmanabip and price. Oive me a call. Kbop on Mifflin ntreol four doom weat of Main »treet, and oppoaite A. Trontman'a •tore, Batler. Pa. aepl7-ly BATTER & BAXTER, . Livery, Sale and Feed Stables, KG Alt OP VOOELEY HOUHE, BUTI.KH._PA. For ibis style Singer. We will aend it to your JmA Depot to he examiiieil be jflyyl fore you pay for it. If it ta not HH represented it can be returned at our expedite. V ■ Send a |<o*tnl card for illaa- WOU./ A t (>. 17 N. Tenth St., I'tiilu lelphia. * • ]niyi4-am Union Woolen Mill, BUILEK, PA. I H. FIII.LKIITOX. I*r»p*r. Manufacturer of HI.AKKCT*, Fumiiu, TiUN, % - Ac. Aim <u»toui work done to order, aueh »a cnrdloir Koil», mikln/ Blanket*, Khmnel* Knit ting and Weaving Yuma, &<•„ at very low price*. Wool worK»<l on the auurea. It de * aired. rnvt-lv (t'C (A d'On per day at Imtne Ham plea worth ©J Ul tfi free. Addrem HTIKHOM 4 Co.. I»ortla««l. MHn* ilnvUllr QT*Advertise in tbe Cmiix VOL. XVIII. CARPETS! OIL CLOTHS! MATS! RUGS' STAIR RODS s NEW STOCK! NEW STOCK! ___________________ | HECK & PATTERSON S p ! NEW CARPET ROOM j w NOW OJPKIS r I * H . I 3 On© Beer South eff thete Qlethirig fteus©; q 5 Dufly'M Block, se P t2o-tf Butler. Pa. 2 i<fIOH"mVX< i Sf),l (I iS.LVIV iSH U >lO no iSIffcIMYO 14i Fine Merchant Tailoring 141 AT JOHN OMMERT'S, ■ 4a. a «■«-*-*»■ St., All*-A»a«-aay > *"•»- ALSO A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF MEN'S BOY'S A.N"TD O"Fd II_,3DR,"EJN 7 3 KEADY-MAUF. CLOTHING, AND GENTS FURNISHING GOODS, AC. A fine selection of Fall and Winter goods will be made to-order at reasonable prices, and satisfaction guaranteed. Overcoats a specialty. A cordial invitation )g extended to the people of the Vicinity, to call and examine our stock, visitors as we)! as buyers will be welcome. J OHM OMM£RT, 141 Federal Street, Allegheny City. Pa. geptls-3m 2nd DOOR FROM SOl'Tll DIMOND STREET. Dry Goods, Notion?, Trimmings, Groceries, etc. IARGE STOCK OF FALL AND WINJER GOODS AT A. TROUTMAN'S Comer Main and Mifflin Street, - - - - BUTLER, PA. Dress Goods of all kinds, large assortment colored and black Cashmeres, large assortment Black Silks, Moniie cloths, fancy Brocades, Plaids, Cotton Dress Goods, Calicoes, Chintzes, etc. Trimmings. Trimmings. Trimmings. Hiwade Silks, all colors. I'Uvin silks, nil colon. J'tain rtatins. Brocade Satins. Striped .Satlni. Brocade Velveteen*, all colors. Plain \ elveteens, all colors. Black Silk Velvet. ( • Fiingcs, Black and Colored. PMsamentries, oroauieiiU. Cord and Tassels, a line assortment. Buttons. Buttons, buttons A full line of Ores', and Cloak Buttons -A large assortment. A full line of ICibltons Laces, Embroidery, J-ice Ties, liucbinK and Ladies' Neckwear. Cloaks and Dclmans! Cloaks and Dolmans ! SHAWLS ! SKIRTS ! Flannel*, barred and twilled, plain colors and best makes; Canton flannel; Ladies' Cloth, all colors; Ladies' Sacking; Black Beavers; Cashmeres ; Jeans; Tweeds; Ticking; Shirt ing; Muslins; Table Linens; Toweling, Blankets, etc. I also keep a full line of Groceries, Queensware, etc. All the above gfods at lowest prices, County produce and grain taken in exchange for goods. A. Troutman. Tiiuc ol Holding Court*. The several Conrtx of the county of Ruder commence on tin- flint Monday of March, June, September and December, and continue two week*, or no long »H II resxary to dispose of the business. No causes are put down for trial or traverse Jurors summoned for the Hint week of the several terms. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. BUTLER, PA. jTpT biu tt a i n, Office with I. Z Mitchell. Diamond. A.r M CUNNIN OH A M 7 Office in Brady's Law Building. liutler, Pa. OT plersolT Office on N. K. comer Diamond, Iliddle build ing ,n<<vl2 JOHN M. ORKEII Office on N. E. corner Di* . ond. novl2 WM H LUSK; Office with W H. II Biddle. F,aq. " NEWTON BLACK, Office on Diamond, near Court House. south •ids. ~e7 fliluittii, Office In Riddle's 1-aw Building. K K. BOWSEIi" Office in Riddle'* Law Building |rnarH'7'i J. B. MCJUNKINT Special attention given to collections Otllc oppo«l> VV'tllnrd House. JOSEPH B. BREDIN, Office north-eaxt corner of Diamond, Butler Pa. H. H. OOUCIIER * Office in Hchneideman's building, up xlaiis. JTT DON I V Office noar Court HottM. f 71 W.D.BRANDON, ebl7-7B Office In Berg's building ~ CLARRNCE W.ALKEH, Office in Bredui building- niarl7—t FERD RKIBER, Office In Berg's new building, Mntn atreet.apfl) KM EAST AN\ ~ Office in Bredin building. lev'. m dgi ■ Est ion, Office Main xtreet, 1 door nouth ol Court Hon»' JOS C. VANDERUN, Office Main xtreet, 1 door aouth of Court Hons.- Win A. FORQUER, •JTOffice oo Main street, opposite Vogeloy House. oko r white; OFFI EE N. E. O« rrter of Diamond FKANCIS S RURVL ANCE, ~ Otllce with Ooiu J. N. Purvlatice, Main xtreet. •ontb of Oonrt House. J D IfoIUNKIN, Office In Pchnelderiian'* bnlldlirr, west aide ol Main street, 2nd tK|ii ire Irom Couri flouxe, a W LLIAMS, Office on Diamond, two doom went of CITIZEM office. ap2l> T O. CAMPBELL. Office in Berg'a new building. 2d floor, east Hide Maui at., a few doom nouth of Lmn House. mar.'t tf O A. A W. SULLI VAN, may 7 Offiia* S. W, cur ol Diamond. BLACK A HRO, Office on Main Mreet one door aouth o Hrtd.V Block, Butler. Pn. 'act., a. 1*74. ~ JO I fOT~V| ILLKR A 1,1 iO~ Office in Brady's Law Buil-ling, Main street, south of Conrt Houxe. Eno KMC O. Mn.i.ru. Notary Public. iv THOMAS ROBIN SON, " BUTLBb. PA. ifr Jri A WEEK. *l2 a day at home eaxily made rp I Z Cunt I v Outfit free. Addio#» Taut A Co. AogtiaU, Maine. decS-Xy Corse's. Corsets, Corsets. A large stock to select from. Glov«>. Gloves, G'oves. Kid Oloves, Silk dove*. l.isle Thread Gloves. Cashmere Gloves, and Berlin Gloves. Yarns, Yarns, Y rns Germantown Yarns. Saxony Yarns, Cashmere Yarns, German Worsteds, Factory Yarns, Berlin Zepher. Underwear, l.!nd<>rwear, Underwear. For Children, toadies' and Gentlemen. Hosiery, Hosiery, Hosiery. I/trjy; assortment for Children Ladles' and Gen tlemen. JOHN H. NEGLEY, •STGivex particular attention to transaction IH real estate throughout the county. ORNCK ON DIAMOWU, SCAB OOUUT HOUSE, I> Crnzrs RTTIMIINO E. K. ECKKKT, KENNEDY M AHHYI AI.I, (Late of Ohio.) ECKLEY A MARSHALL. I Office In Brady's Law building. Bept.tt,7J C G CHRISTIE; Attorney at Law. Legal business careful 1) transacted Collections made and promptly remitted. correapondencc prompth attended to and an-wi red. Office oppoxite Lowrj' (iouae, Butler, Pa. MMCETJIJ ANEOUS. McSWKENV cV McSWEENY, Hmctli| <n > ai.il Bradford, Pa. M. N MILES, Petrolia, iiutler county, Pa. | ]n> M. C. BENEDICT^ jan6 tf I'clroliu, Butler co., HOTKLS GRAND 11(11 I.EVAIIII HOTEL Corner 591h SI. d; Broadway, NEW 10RK, On Both American and Kuropean Plana. Frenting MI Ceiili.ii I ink, the (irand Boulevard, Broadway and Fifty-Ninth St., thN Motel occu ple.K the entire aqu :ii-. and wax built and fur nished at an <*K|H*IIM* ol over It la one of the moat elegant a . well aa being the flneat lo cated In the city ; h.t, ;< paaaenger l.lcvatur and all modem Impro.< if.cnta, anil IN within one a<|iiare of the depou i t the Sixth and Klghtli Avenue Elevated K. it. <• tr aiidMtlll nearerthe Broitdway ears coi.ve. nut and acccMlhle from all parts of the e;t.. if.toms with board, per day. Hpeelal rates foi lamillcK and permanent guests. K. 11 ASK K1.1., Proprietor. St. Carles hotel, On the Kuropean t'lari -54 to 66 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Single Rooms I>oc., 75c. and $1 jtcr day. CJ. I-*. Scli nock, Proprietor^ Excitant Dining room furnished with the best, and nt reanonable rates. j'.yj Cars f«.r all Railroad Depots within a convenient distance. National Hotel, CORTLANDT BTBF.ET, NKAU Ba UWAT, NICW VOItK, IIOTCIIKISS A I'ONI), - - Prop'ra. ON THE I.UBOPEAN PLAN. The reatanrant, cufe and Innch room atlatAied are iiiixurjiaxxed fi. r cl.eapneaa and excellence of ■ervie,e Itoomx 5D ctx. to tier day. 43 to +lO per week. Cnnveiii irit to all ferries anil city r.iilroadx, N'w CubKITOBK, Nf.w MANAOK *K*T. Janls-ly MlllII'.I I l-F.lt HOUSE. L NT. KLAS. Prop'., MAIN STREET, BUTLER, I'A. Having taken poaexxion of the above well kc>wu Hotel, and it being furnlxhed. in the bext of xtyle for t'l" <U comodation of gueatx. the public are ret pect'ullv invited to give me a call. I have aKo poaxe»xioii of the barn in rear of hot'-l, which furnn-hoM excellent stabling, ac couicxlaliona for my patronx. T. NTfKr.AH. AfS PI fl *T O 1.1 rtops, 3 xet lieeds, 2 Knee WiiUAliU Hwcllx, Stool, Book, only ♦ •<7.60. M Sto;> Organ. St (/01, Book, only 453,76. j Piano-, Stool, Cover, Book, VI '.HI to 4255. Jllus i trated catalogue free Address I ap 14-vim W. 0. BUNNELL. Lewistown, Pa. HI HER, PA., WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER 24. <^Bo IN MEMORIUM. Lines written in memory of Willie, son of Robert and Elizabeth'lvell','who departed this life Oct. Bth, 1880, aged 2 years, 3 months and 15 days and was interred at tlie United Presby terian Church, Clintonville, I'a., Oct. 9, 1880. How we miss our little darling, Since he left us. all aloiie; But we know, though much we loved him, He has found a better home. Yes we loved our little darling, Tongues of fire can never tell, How we loved him, but our Saviour Took him with himself to dwell. Yes, we miss his little footsteps As he pattered up and down ; But we know he's gone to glory. There to wear a precious croffn. Yes, we miss him in the morning, Yes, we miss him through the day, Yes, we miss him in the evening, Since our Willie went away. Yes, we loved him, and we know That we shall meet in Heaven above, There to dwell with Christ for ever, When we meet our little love. From the Contemporary Review, London. THROUGH SIBERIA. By way of the Amur and the Ussuri. It was my good fortune last sum mer to make the tour of the world through Siberia. I traversed this enormous country, moreover, by a new way. Two English travellers, Cap tain Cochrane and Mr. Hill, have re corded their journeys across northern Asia, but they crossed the Barabiusky Steppe, and from Irkuts.. followed the course of the Lena, aud, turning east wards, reached the Pacific at the Sea of Okhotsk. I avoided the Barabin sky Steppe by travelling on the Irtish and Obi from Tobolsk to Tomsk, and then from Irkutsk 1 crossed Lake Bai kal and descended the Amur, first to its mouth at Nikolaefsk, and then, re turning, ascended the Ussuri to the Vladivostock. The object, therefore, of this paper will be to give a sketch of my journey from the Urals to the Pacific, dwelling most on those parts which to English readers are new. The summer traveller to Siberia may now proceed almost thither by steam. The usual overland route lies through St. Petersburg and Moscow to Nijni Novgorod by rail, and thence by steamer on the Vo'ga to Kama and Perm. A railway over the Urals has been recently opened from Perm to Ekaterineburg, on reaching which the English traveller has finished a jour ney of twenty-six hundred and seven ty miles by rail aud nine hundred and seventy-five by steamer. A drive of two hundred miles then suffices to bring him to Tiumen, the first town of western Siberia. The mention of Siberia calls to mind a country the dimensions of which it is hard to realize. It measures about four thousand miles long by twenty six hundred wide. It contains a mil lion square miles more than the whole of Europe, is twice as big as Australia, and nearly a hundred times as large as England. The country is intersected by three of the great rivers of the world, the Obi, the Yenesei, and the Lena, not one of which is less than two thousand miles long, and all of which run into the Northern Ocean. A fourth ocean river, the Amur, forming a part ot the sout hern boundary of the country, rises in the eastern branches of the Altai chain, and runs a course also ol two thousand miles It takes an easterly direction, and empties itself in the Gulf of Tartary. The line forming the western boun dary of Siberia dec-ends from the North ern Ocean to the sixty-second parallel of north latitude; then, leaving moun tains a little to the left, it comes down in tolerably straight line to a point midway between the Sea of Aral and Lake Halka.sh; thence it turns east ward to and along the northern shore of the lake, and going further east, joins the Altai Mountains All Russia lying to the west and south of this line is iu Europe or in central Asia, all ly ing to the east of it is Siberia. The river Yenesei divides the country into east and west; the surface of the west ern portion being generally Hat, whilst the eastern portion, more especially towards the I'acific, is mountainous. The political divisions of the coun try are first into two viceroyalties, called respectfully ea.stern and western Siberia, the western being divided into four aud the eastern into six provinces. Again, each province is subdivided in to districts, or uryextx ; over each ur yrxt presides an mpravnilc, over each province a governor, and over each viceroyalty a general governor. The four provinces of western Siberia are Tobolsk, Tomsk, Akinolinsk, and Sem ipalostiiisk, euch of which has its capi tal, or government town. Each uryenl likewise has its principal town. Smal ler collections of houses are callod xillui or villages (in each of which there is a church); and, still smaller, <lc.rr.vni,, or hamlets. The six provinces of eastern Siberia are Yeneseisk, Irkutsk, the Trans-Baikal, the Amoor, and iliat ol the seacoast. The means of locomotion and com munication are much more ample than a foreigner might suppose. There are no railways, hut there are many steam boats on the rivers, and there are post roads throughout the entire breadth of the country, the great high-road to China being the most important Along the principal roads there is both postal and telegraphic communication. An ethnographical map of Asiatic Rus sia shows it to be inhabited by no less than thirty nations or tribes, and also reveals the fact that a very small por tion of the country is inhabited by Russians—in fact, only a narrow strip of laud on either side of the principa land and water highways ; and as the aborigines do not generally follow agri culture, it will be seen that that nar row strip represents the greater part of the country under civilization. The same facts will indicate that, while the language ol the towns and highways is "Russian, a knowledge of other tongues is needful for extensiveintercourse with the natives. Thus much for Siberia in general. From Tinmen steamers ply in sunfmer on the Tura, Tobol, Irtish, Obi, and Tom to Tomsk, a distance of nearly two thousand miles. I posted by hyrses from Tinmen to Tobolsk,and em burked on tin; steamer "Heljetshen ko" on June the navigation having : recently been opened, and spring weather beinsr nearly establ shed. I had left England on April 30, and, on reaching St. Petersburg, saw the last of the ice floating down the Neva. Spring advanced so rapidly that, ou May 20, on the banks of the Kama, we saw strawberry blossoms aud violets, but as we decended the eastern slopes of the Urals the weather changed, and there came occasionally snowstorms. From Tobolsk our course lay north wards on the Irtish, as far as the sixty second parallel, where we returned to leafless trees and comparative winter Alternate snow and sunshine succeed ed. On the Obi my minimum ther mometer on June 8 fell during the night to 35° Fahr., but by nine o'clock next morning it had risen to 75°. Af ter reach in? Tomsk fine weather set in, and continued all across Asia. The heat was rarely oppressive, aud when sleeping in the carriage at night with an overcoat it was not inconveuiently cold On the Obi we passed through the territory of the Samoyedes and Ost jaks. in driving from Tiumen to To bolsk we had passed through a coun try inhabited by Siberi. n Tartars, to the north-west of which lies a district which coincides pretty closely with the ridge of the northern Urals, inhabited by the Voguls, who were estimated in 187f> at five thousand in number. Their country makes them hill-m' j n and for esters, for they live within the north ern limit of the fir and birch, in the country of the wolf, the bear, the sa ble, the glutton, the marten, the beav er, and the elk; all which they hunt, for they have no plains for the breed ing of cattle, and no climate for agri culture. Their villages are scattered and small, consisting of from four to eight cabins. They usually dress like the Russians, live by hunting, and are said to use no salt. Obdorsk is their trading town. To this town, on the Arctic Circle, at the mouth of the Obi, come also the Samoyedes and Ostjaks. These latter, too, are both nomads, and live in tents. The Samoyedes inhabit a large tract of country l>etween the Obi and the Yenesei, stretching along the shore of the frozen ocean from the north-east corner of Europe, all across the Tobolsk government to the Yene sei, docending to the region of the Ost jaks, and on some parts of their south ern border to Tomsk. Their -iches consist of herds of reindeer, which they pasture on the mosses of the vast bogs, or tundra #, from which the animals in winter scrape the snow with their feet, and thus find their own sustenance. To the Samovede the reindeer is every thing. When alive the animal draws his sledge, and when dead the skin is used for tent and clothing. When at Archangel in 1878 I bought a Samove de HOir'lc or tunick, and a wonderful pair of boots, and as their manner of dressing resembles in its main features that of other northern aborigines in Siberia, I may as well describe it par ticular! v. In winter, then, to be in the (Samoyede) fashion, one should proceed to dress himself (or herself) as follows: first, a pair of short trousers made of softened reindeer skin, fitting tight and down to the knee; then stockings of pixhki, the skin of young fawns, with the hair next the u carer's body; next come the boots, called poumeleepte, which means boots— stockings, perhaps, because mine are lined, reaching almost to the thighs, the sole being made of old and hard reindeer hide, the hair pointing for ward to diminish 1 hr* possibility of slipping on the ice or snow. Common boots have the hair only on the out side. Mine are a gay "lady's" pair, lined inside with the sofest fur. and made of white reindeer skin without, sewn with stripes of darker skin, and ornamented in front with a few pieces of colored cloth. The clothing of the lower limbs being completed, one has to work one's way from the bottom to the top of the gouilc, which has an opening to put the head through, and is furnished with sleeves. The one I have has a high straight collar, but in some brought by Mr Seebohm from the Yenesei this collar rises behind above the top of the head. The cos tume is completed by a cap of reindeer hide, with strings on either aide orna mented with pieces of cloth. The hair of the HOirik is worn outside in fine weather, and inside when it rains; but when prolonged exposure to cold is ap prehended, a second garment, called a "goose," is worn with the hair outside, and a close-fitting hood, leaving ex posed only a small portion of the fa<*e. The Ostjaks are said to have at the end of the sleeve a glove or mitten made of the hardest hide of the rein deer, and suitable for heavy work, and also a slit under the wrist, to allow of the fingers being used for finer work.— A girdle is worn round the lions, over which the HOI rile laps a little, and thus forms a pocket for small articles. The only route to which, be it remembered, is via the transverse slit through the wrist. We heard some pleasant ac counts of the honesty and docility of the Samoyedes and Ostjaks. Their honesty may be exemplified. The merchant* of Tobolsk, when they go north in the summer to purchase fish, tak<- with them flour and salt, place it in their summer stations, ami on their return leave unprotected what remains of it for the following year. Should a Samoyede pass by and require it, lie does not scruple to take what he wants; but he leaves in its place an I O 11, in the form of a duplicate stick duly notched to signify that he is a debtor, and then in the (ishingseason he comes to his creditor, compares the duplicate stick he has kept with the one lie left behind, and then discharges his obli gation. The difficulties of educating and Christianitur these tribes arc vcrv ffrcat and tins more HO by their migratory habits. Dr. Latham mentions eleven dialects in the Samoyede language, and refers to the work of Professor Castren, who, about thirty years ago, studied closely the languages of the Finnish nations, and to whose labors we owe a dictionary of some of these I animates, which was published after his death. In 1N24 a commencement WIIH made to translate into Sumoyede the Gospel of St. Muttbow, but it wuu uot coutiuuud | after 1826. The same Gospel was I translated some years ago into the lan guage of theOstjaksby the protohierea 'or chief priest, at Obdorsk, aud was forwarded to the Russian Bible Socie ty, but not published, and up to the present time neither th t nor any other part of the New Testament exists, as tar as I know, for the Samoyedes, Ost jaks, or Voguls. It is said, however, that in European Russia a priest is sent yearly to a, town in the far north : of the Archangel province, to baptize the children, and marrv such among j the Samoyedes as are professedly Chris ; tian. Also in 1877 the Russians open ed a school at Obdorsk lor the i.c.n- Samoyedes and Ostjaks. We m iy h therefore, that for them better days are coming, both by reason of what tin- Russians are doing, and also possibly and indirectly by the efforts which cer -1 tain Englishmen are making to invade the lands of these aborigines for the : purpose.- of commerce. The Ostjaks dress to some extent in ' garments of reindeer skin, and also | subsist for the most part on what th<-y I capture in hunting and fishing. In the use of the bow their skill is so great : that for shooting squirrels they use a : blunt arrow, and take care to hit the anitn I on the head that the skin may not be damaged. They do not gener ally cultivate the soil, nor have they towns or villages of their own. The Ostjaks, for the moct part, especially those on the Obi, have fewer deer, and being brought into contact with the Russians, are fast giving up their na tive dress and customs. The religion of both Samoyedes and Ostjaks is Sha manism, of which 1 shall have occasion to speak hereafter ; but many of the Ostjaks have been baptized into the Russian Church, and a school has been opened tor the two peoples on the low er Obi at Obdorsk. One of the most noteworthy things on the Obi was the extraordinary price of provisions. The Ostjaks came to our steamer offering live ducks for live farthings each. Large lish, called yams, cost 1 l-2d. a pair, and great pike a farthing each. Milk was more expensive, and cost 2 l-2d a bot tle ; but we heard that in some of the distant villages a young calf could be bought for Gd. These prices should be borne in mind in connection with the attempt that is now being made to open up commerce from Siberia by the rivers Obi and Yenesei, and through the Kara Sea, to England. In the summe' of 1874 Captain Wiggins, of Sunderland, who had long contempla ted the project, sailed through the Ka ra Sea, which had hitherto been sup posed to be blocked by ice, and, reach ing the Obi, demonstrated to the world that the passage could be made between England and Siberia, with no unusual risks, in about three weeks. In the next year Professor Nordenskjold fol lowed in the wake of our countryman, and reached the Yenesei. Now, these two rivers, the Obi and the Yenesei, rise in the empire of' Ch ina, and drain an extent of country nearly as large as the whole of Europe. The country through which they flow may be divided into four regions. Fur thest south are the mountains of the Altai range, which are rich in silver, copper, iron and gold. Further north is a belt six hundred miles wide of rich black earth, to which it is never thought of putting manure, and the scratching <>f the surface of which yields an abundant cereal crop. This land, which is comparable to that of an iMig lish garden, in the neighborhood of Barnaul may be hired for .'5 l-2d. an acre. The chief things wanted in this district are capital and labor. The next belt northward is a forest region of numberless square miles, where a hard larch-tree, big enough for a ship's mast, may be had for a sovereign, and in which region are abundance of wild animals bearing fur, such us the squir rel, the sable, the Artie fox, the beaver and the bear, wolf, elk, deer, etc. There are also abundance of game and exten sive pastures (or cuttle. A merchant told me that in Tiumen he sold ten thousand brace of grouse and caper cailzie for the St Petersburg market at !td. a brace all round, and that in 1877 he bought up meat at Tobolsk for less than l-2d. per English pound The most northerly region is that of th • Tundras, intersected by rivers that are so full of fish that the natives trv to avoid taking a heavy haul, so fre quently are their nets broken by the abundance of the draught. Large quan tities of choice fish are caught in sum mer, ami kept, alive in pond* till the nppmaehof winter, when they are tak en out and Irozcn, and forwarded a dis tance of more than t wo thousand miles to St. Petersburg. The express car riage from Tinmen costs ]Hs. a hun dred weight., notwithstanding which, if the sturgeon sells for 21s a hnndrcd weiirht, and the sterlet and certain kinds of salmon for .'{(K, there remains an ample margin ol profit for all par ties concerned Reside the "fresh" fish thus sent to St.. Petersburg, large num bers are dried, and sent, to the great fair at, Nijni Novgorod. It may verv well be then that a profitable trade at no distant date shall be opened up in Siberian products brought, bv steamer to the English market. On the 10th of June, after a voyatre of seven davs, I reached Tomsk, which is a few miles eastward of the meridian of Calcutta and fifty-two hundred miles from London, the journey having ' accomplished in twenty-six traveling days. From Tomsk I made a detour of six hundred miles to Barnaul, and in so doing passed through a country singularly rich and productive. Here are to be seen the white-barked hire'-, the cedar-nut. tree, the Scotch Or, flow ering acacia, t he alder, pine, willow and white-flowering cheromeka—the last presenting a prettv object, when in blossom, and yielding for fruit a small bird-cherrv. Among the shrubs we noticed wild currants, which with (lie bird-cherries, are eaten by the Siberi ans. There were likewise raspberry and strawberry plants, Amonsr the spring flowers we missed, or perhaps overlooked, the pale prim roue; but there were violets and n whole parterre of other flowers, both old and new. The fields were blue with forget-me nots, and we noticed what was to me a new llower, Home thing like a butter- cup, hut much larger. Also east of Tomsk there was a large red lily, made much of in English gardens, hut which here was growing wild. There was likewise a large red flower growing in abundance, very much like the peony. After visiting, at Barnaul, the empe ror's usine for the smelting of gold and silver, we returned to Tomsk, ud then prepared for a posting journey by hor ses of ten hundred ami forty miles to Irkutsk, which was reached on the (ith of .I uly I need not dwell on this part of the journey, because severa have described the gieat high-road to China. After leaving Irkutsk and crossing Luke Baikal we made a second detour > the Chinese frontier at Kiakhta, and iben prepared to cross the hilly steppes of ihe trans-Baikal province to the Amur. I'Ue road lay through the town of Werchne Udinsk, and over the Appletree Mountains to Ciiita, both towns being famous in Russiau history as the abodes formerly of Decembrists, or certain political prisoners who were concerned in the insurrection at the opening of the reigu of the emperor N iehoias. Further on was reached Nertchiusk, near to which are the mines said i»v some to be o; qeicksilver, and in the fumes of which it is commonly report ed prisoners are killed by inches, be ing obliged to work therein without coming to the surface. As my tour through Siberia was of a phiianthro pic character, and 1 had every facility accorded me for the visitation of pris oners and public institutions, I made a point of inquiring into the condition of these prisoners, one result of which has been that 1 can get no satisfactory evidence that there is such a thing as a quicksilver mine in Siberia at all. There are, however, silver mines, which exist in the Altai Mountains, and others in the Rorshchovochny range, near the town of Nertchiusk. just mentioned. Of those in the Altai range nothing need be said, because they are worked be tree laborers. The mines at Nertchiusk are well known as penal establishments, and there can be no doubt that the accounts of severi ties practiced there in former years have caused the ears of many to tin gle. I have heard from independent sources that convicts of twenty years' standing at Nertchiusk tell of one Ras guildiclf, a cruel director, who used to go about with lour Cossacks behind him, armed with the knout, to thrash those who did not work. Hut this man has long since been removed. For the greater part ot my informa tion respecting the mines of Nertchiusk 1 am ineOted to a political exile, who was sent there witn several Russian and Polish aristocracy. This account relates to the condition of things as they were in lst;« and IBf>7, since which date most of the mines have passed out of government iuto private hands. GIGANTIC tiCAIIE. There was quite a commotion in the city yesterday, especially in the north eastern part, owing to a rumor that a terrible explosion was imminent—an explosion that would blow Erie sky high and scatter death and destruction for miles around us. Rumors of this magnitude, in a general thing, dwindle down upon investigation to inlinitesi inally small proportions. Hut in this instance, although the rumor proved to ho greatly in excess of the fact, yet there were ample grounds for fearing an uncomfortably near explosion of fortytonsofnitro glycerine—a quan tity qniie MI 111 cent, under favorable conditions to achieve all and more than rumor said the city was in momentary danger of. The deadly explosive compound was, and is, stored aboard the schoon er (Jeorge Alowberry, which put into tliis port on Wednesday from stress of wuuther, while on her way to Fort William, Luke Superior. The tierce gale that blew Thursday and yesterday morning caused her t<» drag her anchors and drift on to the sunken piers. Here she was Held last for a time, hut as the winds and waves arose higher, she was lifted up and dashed with great violence on the piles beneath. It is perhaps needless to state that the crew, knowing the sensitiveness of nitrogly cerine to concussion, lost no time in getting oil' the vessel. A si.ill' was launched ami they lauded on the break water, from which they came up to the city, and probably started the aforementioned rumor by relating the danger they had escaped from. The VCSM'I continued to beat violently on the piers an I vory soon she became water-logged. Kvery effort was made to get l.er In r off by the lugs Krie, Thompson, and yacht Hunter, assisted by the crews of the Terry, Michigan and Life Saving station, but without MUCC SS. The glycerine is valued at SIOO,OOO and is tightly pneked in sawdust, but how long it will remain so under the violent beating on the piers is very doubtful, but, however, the dropping of the wind lessens the liability of an explosion and it is hoped the cil'orts to get her oil' which will be renewed this morning may prove successful. Situate IIS the vessel is, the danger to life and property is not such as would be if site was nearer shore, but neverthelcsH the detonation of forty tons of nitroglycerine, equal in ex plosive force to 7-D tons ofgunpowdei might be safely counted upon for tak ing cure of every pane i f glu.-s in the city. Tie Mowberrv wa towed from Buf falo l>v the tug \V. I!. Castle, and its dangerous cargo is inti tided lor use on the Canada J'a ilic Kailroad This is her fourth trip with glycerine and the lirst mi-hup. Lust evening the cap tain thought she could - iot get oil', and that she would have to be unloaded here.—AY/e Ih. /nih h. Are you a son of Temperance?" asked a gentleman, jocularly, of a man holding on to a (lalveston avenue lamp post. ':Not much," responded the inebriate, w! o smelt stroi.g of malt liquors; "not urn h shon of tem pered-h (hie,) but If you shet 'em up I'll I'll prove to vcr I am a shon <>f mult, eh! Schmellofme—hie—schmel 1 il'mclire 11.''— (Jnlveston New*. ADVEUTKNIKO BATES. One square, oue insertion. 91; each snbse qnem insertion, s<) cents. Yearly advertisement* exceeding one-fourth of a column, 95 per inch. Figure wore double these rates; additional charges where weekly or monthly changes arc made Local advertisements 10 cents per line for tirtt insertion, and 5 cents per line for each additional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub lished free of charge. Obituary notices charged ss a I'.'ortcements, and payable when handed in Auditors' Notices. #4 ; Executors' and Adminia trators' Notices. $3 each; Estray, Caution an 4 niH-Hjlution Notices, not exceeding ten lines, cicli. Fr.im the fact that the Cmnx is the aides' established and most extensively circulated Be publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Kepufc licai. conntyj it must be apparent' to businenh men that it is the medium they should use iu advertising their business. s (>. 2 DEA TH OF COLONEL DRAKE. Colonel Edwin L. Drake, who sank the first oil well in this State at Titus vilie, died at his residence in South Bethlehem, Pa., on Monday evening week, aged sixty-one years. The nar ration of the discovery of the merits of petroleum as an illuminating fluid, and of the measures concerted for its intro duction into thousands of homes in both continents, forms an interesting chapter in the history of Pennsylvania ColoDel Drake was born in Green county, New York, and spent his early days on his father's farm, at Rutland, Vermont. At eighteen years, single handed, he entered "the struggles of theworld. He was successively capta>n on the Erie Canal, clerk on a steamer plying before Buffalo and De troit, superintendent of a Tecumseh, Michigan, oil-eloth factory, salesmau in a New Haven clothing store, drum mer for a New York mercantile house, express messenger between Albany and Boston, and from 1849 to 1857 he was conductor of the New York and New Haven Railroad. 11l health compelled him to resign this latter position and he accepted an offer from Towusend, Pierpont, Ives& Bowditch, of New Haven, who had come into pogessiou of a tract of laud at Titus ville, Pennsylvania, to visit the pur chased site and investigate a defect in the title to the prt j erty. The lui:d owed its value to a spring, from which was taken with a blanket oil used in the manufacture of alinementto which was attributed great curative powers. The fluid was known as "Seneca Oil," and had been analyzed by Professor Sillimau, who regarded it as of small importance Colonel Drake saw while at Titusville the oil iu use as a lubrica tor. He was satisfied at once that there was a fortune in the fluid as a lubricator, and after much difficulty succeeded in forming a stock company, compo ed entirely of New Haven busi men, and went back to Titusville as a salaried agent of the "Seneca Oil Company." He was to be responsible for all losses and was to shars what ever profits might arise with the capi talists. lie determined to bore for. the oil, having convinced himself of the feasi bility of the plan, but for a time could hire no men to work for him, as he deemed a lunatic. Finally, after many discouragments, he drove to the depth of C 9£ leet, on Saturday, August 29, 1859, a pipe of soft iron, inches thick. Work was suspended for the Sabbath, but to his great joy Colonel Drake on the following day found oil bubbling over the top of the pipe. A pump was rigged and the pipe yield ed twenty-live barrels a day. Shortly after the derrick, works and engine were burned out and Colonel Drake was penniless. Within thirty days the enterprising pioneer in petroleum had rebuilt the works. He sank an other well and the business grew larg er daily. Speculators flocked in by the hundred and men's minds were unbalanced through oil. The Seneca Oil Company sold out, and Colonel Drake operated individually until 1864, when poverty and ill health compelled him to retire. The last SSOO used by him in the work on the Drake well was borrowed money. Tie State granted him in 1873 a civil pension of $1,500 a year, reversi ble to his widow while she remains unmarried. It was a small recom pense lor his public labors. The twen ty live-barrel well of August, 1859, has been augmented by 10,000 other wells, with an annaul capacity of not less than 15,000,000 barrels. Not less than $'.0,000,000 worth is exported annually, ami from his humble but beautiful home in South Bethlehem Colonel Drake could daily see passing ovi r the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh Susquehanna Railroads long trains of oil tanks on their way to the tide, sup plying the world with one of its great est products. Ho was an earnest mem ber of the Protestant Episcopal Church and leaves a family of a wife and three children, by whom he was idolized A T TENT JON BANKRUPTS. The man who depicted the woes of the poor creditor contrasted with the luxurious ease of the debtor, surround ed by sympathising friends, know nothing of the bankrupt law lately de ceased. It had all sorts ef traps and pitfalls that caught the unwary who dreamed of competency left after pay ing lo or 15 cents on the dollar of his indebtedness. It was not until after the law was about expiring that theso p 'ill arities were discovered by exas perated creditors. Hut it seems that there are many bankrupts, perhaps liundteds, who are likely to tumble in to another pit before they are through if they do not come to the centre shortly. In conversation with Register Shaf er Monday morning it was learned tli it many bankrupts seemed to think tli it as thk law has been repealed it makes no special difference whether they secure their discharges or not. The number referred to constitute the great bulk of bankrupts who went in a rush to take advantage of the law be fore repeal. Some of those have been very prosperous in business since they "bankrupted," have accumulated pro perty largely ; and creditors who have waited for dividends until discouraged have been casting about to s-e what could be done. They have applied to the United States Courts and have learned that unless the bankrupts stir themselves and get their discharges within a reasonable time they can l»o sued in the Slate Courts, and bank ruptcy proceedings will not avail them anything in ease judgment is gotteu against them. In this event their subsequent accumulations will bo counted with the assets when they went iuto bankruptcy, and all will go down in the mealstrom of ruin. Suits have already I wen brought, hut the United States Courts have interfered for the present in order to allow bank rupt-" a ehanee to take their bearings and decide what coutse to pursue.—- I'itUburijh Dixpateh. Now is the time to mend leaky roofs.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers