SUBM4JKIPTIOSI KATES :
Per ye»r, in «dv*ace tl 60
Otberwue 2 0®
No BoUwripHon will be discontinued until *1)
arrearage? are paid. Postmaster* neglecting to
DOtilT as when i*nlj«riben( do not take oat their
p»r«rß will be held Uable for the subscription.
* Hubncribeiß removing from one puotofhce to
another »honld give u» the name of the former
ae well a«s the present office.
AH commnnicatioua intended for publication
n thin paper must be accompanied by the real
name of the uriter. not for publication, but ae
a giiai antee of good faith.
Marriage aud death noticee must be accompa
nied by a responsible name.
A ' JDREM THB BCTI KR CITIZKW.
BCTLEB. PA.
TRAVELERS' QUIDE.
VTLEH, KA HVB CTTT AMD PARKBK RAILROAD
Traiim leave Butler for Bt. .Roe, Millerstown.
Kama City, Petrolw, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. in.,
and 2.25 mid 7.25 p. IU.
Train* arrive at Butler from the above named
point* »t 7. 7 a. m.. and 2.15, and 7.15 |> m.
The 2 15 train connect* with train on the West
Penn rmd 'linioitb to Piti**>urifh.
liHEHANGO AND ALI.EOHESr KAILHOAD.
Trains leave IlilliardV Mill, Butler county,
for H:ini»ville, Greenville, etc., at 7.50 a. m.
v tod 2.25 p. ID.
Tni'r-" s»*rivc at Hilliurd'a Mills at 1*.45 A, M.,
and 5 .V» P M.
Hacks t<» and from Petrolia, M?rtin»bnrjr.
FairvifW, Mo.locand Tiontliian, connect at iiil
lard with ad initi* on the S & A road.
r*:SN»TI.VAKIA RAII.HOAD.
Train* lea*e Butler (Butler or Pltu-hnrgb Time.)
Market * I 5 oft a. nt., goes through to Alle
gheny, ar. vintf at ».»1 ». m. Tl.i- train con
rect« at Freenort with Fro-port Accommoda
tion, which arrives at Allegheny at 8.20 a. m.,
railroad time. _ ,
Exprett ai 7.21 a. m . connecting at Butler
Jnncti'>n, without change of Van., at 8.2fl with
Exp.em west, arriving In Allegheny at W-V5
a. m.. and Kx-rrM east arriving at Blaireville
at 10*55 a. m. railroad time.
Hail at 'l p. in., connecting at Butler Junc
tlonwithoot change ol cars, with Express w **'«
-arriving In Allegheny at 501 p. in., and Ex
nrvw east arriving at Bliirsville lnter>eciinn
at 555 p. m nil road tim<*. which connects with
Philadelphia Kxpn*»* eimt, when on time.
The 7.21 a. in train connects at Blalrsville
at 11 05 a m with the M'll east, and the 2.3fi
p.m." train at «.5U with the Philadelphia Ex-
Pr Tniins arrive at Bntler on We*t Penn K. R at
9..V a. m , <.SS and 7.01 p. m.. Butler time. The
0,56 and 458 trains connect with trains on
tie Butler A Parker R. R.
Hun Line.
Through tralna leave Piiuhnrirb lor the Eaf
at 2..V1 and S.'2H am. and 12 51, 421aid8 0« p.
tn., arriving at Philadelphia at 3.40 and 7.20
p. m and 3.00. 7 0 and 7.40 a m.; at Baltimore
about the same t'me. at N« w York thri* hours
later, and at Wa*hlngton about one and a hall
honrs later.
"PHYSICIANS.
JOHN E BYERS,
PHYSICIAN AND SURG EON,
Biy2l-lyl HUTI.ER PA.
' DENTISTS
D JS JST TIST irC Y .
0 1/ WALDRON. llr dnate ol the Phil
■ adclp' la Dental College,is prepared
• II .to do anythini; in the line of hi*
profesrion In a satl«f;aH>ry manner
Olßee on Main street. Butler. Union Block,
UP stairs. apll
LAND KOK SALK.
FOR HALE.
A Imndt-ome -ix-rooni fniuie house, located
on Hlnfl -treel. northwestern pari of Butler.
L*.t sn*l7«. All n<ces»«ry oui'.olldim.'*.
TERMS— O* e-'hird cash ind bi. lance in four
equal nnnuul payments. Inquire at this office,
j in j4lf
For fcmle.
The well-improved fam of He v. W R Hutch
lnon.in the northeast corner of Middlesex town
ship. Bntler conotv. Pa . is now offered for sale,
low. Inquire of W K. FBISBEE, on the prem
ises. splfltf
PRHA LE.
$5 will hoy a one-hall interest in a good bns
inesi in Plitcburi/h. One who knows some
thing als nt f»ri!tlnir preferred. An honest man
with Uie above xuionnt will do well lo nddres*
I by letter. SVITH 4"HNS. care 8. M Jume»,
IKI ?.lh#-rtv Mr- et. Pill hurjrh, Ha |au27-ly
liM-orporatfri IHI9.
>ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY
(IF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.
Asets »7 07H,«4 4U
l.iH«e> |• ■i■ I in 01 yenrs, 151.00'',000.
i. T. McJ' NKIN <fe Si>N, Agents,
J»n2Bly Jcttetvon afreet, hutler, Pa.
"BUTLEK COUNTY
Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts.
G. C. ROESBINO, PRESIDENT.
WM CAMPBELL. TREASURER
H. C. HEINEM AN. SKCRETART.
DI HECTORS:
J. L. Purvis. E. A. Helmboldt,
William Campbell, J. W. Hmkhart,
A. Trontnian, Jacob Schoene,
0.0. R'»es*inif, John Caldwell,
Dr. W. Irvln, W. W Dodds,
J. W. Christy H. C. Helneman.
JAS. T. M'JUNKIN, Gen. A«'t-
JBTTTTjUJIRJ pa.
MKIVKV U. HAIiK,
FINE MERCHINT TIIIOR,
COB. PENH AVD SIXTH STREETS,
PitlthilTllh Pn
f Apply at once, if you
J nn I' f ! have been disabled In
the U. S. service. LAW KX I'l RKB JULY Ist,
18#0, for ARHKARS. PENSIONS INCREAS
ED. Thousands of Pensioner* are rated too low.
BOUNTY AND NEW DISCHARGES PRO
CUBED. Information freely' given. Send
•tamp for blank*. Addre««.
STODDART A CO.,
Room f, St. Cloud Building, Washington, D. C.
Notice Extraordinary.
* ' Peraona de»lrlntf to have their Old Fnrnitnre
repair- d. or New Work made to order. auc'i an
Mimic Htmd«. Hook Caeea. Wardrobe*. Ottice
• Dtakii. OOi/te Tallinn. Ac. wonlddo well to call on
A. 13. \VI LHON,
Practical Cabinet Maker.
v I hold that a piece of fnmitnre made bv hand
* * worth two Ttiade by machinery, and will coat
ont little more, if any. Then why n it have band
made? All work mule in the latent etyle* and
of the beet material I guarantee entire xat
iafaction in ntvle, workmanabip and price. Oive
me a call. Kbop on Mifflin ntreol four doom
weat of Main »treet, and oppoaite A. Trontman'a
•tore, Batler. Pa. aepl7-ly
BATTER & BAXTER,
. Livery, Sale and Feed Stables,
KG Alt OP VOOELEY HOUHE,
BUTI.KH._PA.
For ibis style Singer.
We will aend it to your
JmA Depot to he examiiieil be
jflyyl fore you pay for it. If it ta
not HH represented it can be
returned at our expedite.
V ■ Send a |<o*tnl card for illaa-
WOU./ A t (>. 17 N. Tenth St., I'tiilu lelphia.
* • ]niyi4-am
Union Woolen Mill,
BUILEK, PA.
I H. FIII.LKIITOX. I*r»p*r.
Manufacturer of HI.AKKCT*, Fumiiu, TiUN,
% - Ac. Aim <u»toui work done to order, aueh »a
cnrdloir Koil», mikln/ Blanket*, Khmnel* Knit
ting and Weaving Yuma, &<•„ at very low
price*. Wool worK»<l on the auurea. It de
* aired. rnvt-lv
(t'C (A d'On per day at Imtne Ham plea worth
©J Ul tfi free. Addrem HTIKHOM 4 Co..
I»ortla««l. MHn* ilnvUllr
QT*Advertise in tbe Cmiix
VOL. XVIII.
CARPETS! OIL CLOTHS! MATS! RUGS' STAIR RODS
s NEW STOCK! NEW STOCK!
___________________
| HECK & PATTERSON S p
! NEW CARPET ROOM j
w NOW OJPKIS r I *
H .
I 3 On© Beer South eff thete Qlethirig fteus©; q
5 Dufly'M Block, se P t2o-tf Butler. Pa. 2
i<fIOH"mVX< i Sf),l (I iS.LVIV iSH U >lO no iSIffcIMYO
14i Fine Merchant Tailoring 141
AT
JOHN OMMERT'S,
■ 4a. a «■«-*-*»■ St., All*-A»a«-aay > *"•»-
ALSO A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF
MEN'S BOY'S A.N"TD O"Fd II_,3DR,"EJN 7 3
KEADY-MAUF. CLOTHING, AND GENTS FURNISHING GOODS, AC.
A fine selection of Fall and Winter goods will be made to-order at reasonable prices, and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Overcoats a specialty. A cordial invitation )g extended to the people of the Vicinity, to
call and examine our stock, visitors as we)! as buyers will be welcome.
J OHM OMM£RT, 141 Federal Street, Allegheny City. Pa.
geptls-3m 2nd DOOR FROM SOl'Tll DIMOND STREET.
Dry Goods, Notion?, Trimmings, Groceries, etc.
IARGE STOCK OF FALL AND WINJER GOODS AT
A. TROUTMAN'S
Comer Main and Mifflin Street, - - - - BUTLER, PA.
Dress Goods of all kinds, large assortment colored and black Cashmeres, large
assortment Black Silks, Moniie cloths, fancy Brocades, Plaids, Cotton Dress
Goods, Calicoes, Chintzes, etc.
Trimmings. Trimmings. Trimmings.
Hiwade Silks, all colors.
I'Uvin silks, nil colon.
J'tain rtatins.
Brocade Satins.
Striped .Satlni.
Brocade Velveteen*, all colors.
Plain \ elveteens, all colors.
Black Silk Velvet. ( •
Fiingcs, Black and Colored.
PMsamentries, oroauieiiU.
Cord and Tassels, a line assortment.
Buttons. Buttons, buttons
A full line of Ores', and Cloak Buttons -A large
assortment.
A full line of ICibltons Laces, Embroidery, J-ice
Ties, liucbinK and Ladies' Neckwear.
Cloaks and Dclmans! Cloaks and Dolmans !
SHAWLS ! SKIRTS !
Flannel*, barred and twilled, plain colors and best makes;
Canton flannel; Ladies' Cloth, all colors; Ladies' Sacking;
Black Beavers; Cashmeres ; Jeans; Tweeds; Ticking; Shirt
ing; Muslins; Table Linens; Toweling, Blankets, etc.
I also keep a full line of Groceries, Queensware, etc. All the
above gfods at lowest prices,
County produce and grain taken in exchange for goods.
A. Troutman.
Tiiuc ol Holding Court*.
The several Conrtx of the county of Ruder
commence on tin- flint Monday of March, June,
September and December, and continue two
week*, or no long »H II resxary to dispose of the
business. No causes are put down for trial or
traverse Jurors summoned for the Hint week of
the several terms.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
BUTLER, PA.
jTpT biu tt a i n,
Office with I. Z Mitchell. Diamond.
A.r M CUNNIN OH A M 7
Office in Brady's Law Building. liutler, Pa.
OT plersolT
Office on N. K. comer Diamond, Iliddle build
ing ,n<<vl2
JOHN M. ORKEII
Office on N. E. corner Di* . ond. novl2
WM H LUSK;
Office with W H. II Biddle. F,aq.
" NEWTON BLACK,
Office on Diamond, near Court House. south
•ids.
~e7 fliluittii,
Office In Riddle's 1-aw Building.
K K. BOWSEIi"
Office in Riddle'* Law Building |rnarH'7'i
J. B. MCJUNKINT
Special attention given to collections Otllc
oppo«l> VV'tllnrd House.
JOSEPH B. BREDIN,
Office north-eaxt corner of Diamond, Butler
Pa.
H. H. OOUCIIER *
Office in Hchneideman's building, up xlaiis.
JTT DON I V
Office noar Court HottM. f 71
W.D.BRANDON,
ebl7-7B Office In Berg's building
~ CLARRNCE W.ALKEH,
Office in Bredui building- niarl7—t
FERD RKIBER,
Office In Berg's new building, Mntn atreet.apfl)
KM EAST AN\ ~
Office in Bredin building.
lev'. m dgi ■ Est ion,
Office Main xtreet, 1 door nouth ol Court Hon»'
JOS C. VANDERUN,
Office Main xtreet, 1 door aouth of Court Hons.-
Win A. FORQUER,
•JTOffice oo Main street, opposite Vogeloy
House.
oko r white;
OFFI EE N. E. O« rrter of Diamond
FKANCIS S RURVL ANCE, ~
Otllce with Ooiu J. N. Purvlatice, Main xtreet.
•ontb of Oonrt House.
J D IfoIUNKIN,
Office In Pchnelderiian'* bnlldlirr, west aide ol
Main street, 2nd tK|ii ire Irom Couri flouxe,
a W LLIAMS,
Office on Diamond, two doom went of CITIZEM
office. ap2l>
T O. CAMPBELL.
Office in Berg'a new building. 2d floor, east
Hide Maui at., a few doom nouth of Lmn
House. mar.'t tf
O A. A W. SULLI VAN,
may 7 Offiia* S. W, cur ol Diamond.
BLACK A HRO,
Office on Main Mreet one door aouth o
Hrtd.V Block, Butler. Pn. 'act., a. 1*74.
~ JO I fOT~V| ILLKR A 1,1 iO~
Office in Brady's Law Buil-ling, Main street,
south of Conrt Houxe. Eno KMC O. Mn.i.ru.
Notary Public. iv
THOMAS ROBIN SON, "
BUTLBb. PA.
ifr Jri A WEEK. *l2 a day at home eaxily made
rp I Z Cunt I v Outfit free. Addio#» Taut A Co.
AogtiaU, Maine. decS-Xy
Corse's. Corsets, Corsets.
A large stock to select from.
Glov«>. Gloves, G'oves.
Kid Oloves, Silk dove*.
l.isle Thread Gloves.
Cashmere Gloves, and Berlin Gloves.
Yarns, Yarns, Y rns
Germantown Yarns. Saxony Yarns, Cashmere
Yarns, German Worsteds, Factory Yarns, Berlin
Zepher.
Underwear, l.!nd<>rwear, Underwear.
For Children, toadies' and Gentlemen.
Hosiery, Hosiery, Hosiery.
I/trjy; assortment for Children Ladles' and Gen
tlemen.
JOHN H. NEGLEY,
•STGivex particular attention to transaction
IH real estate throughout the county.
ORNCK ON DIAMOWU, SCAB OOUUT HOUSE, I>
Crnzrs RTTIMIINO
E. K. ECKKKT, KENNEDY M AHHYI AI.I,
(Late of Ohio.)
ECKLEY A MARSHALL.
I Office In Brady's Law building. Bept.tt,7J
C G CHRISTIE;
Attorney at Law. Legal business careful 1)
transacted Collections made and promptly
remitted. correapondencc prompth
attended to and an-wi red.
Office oppoxite Lowrj' (iouae, Butler, Pa.
MMCETJIJ ANEOUS.
McSWKENV cV McSWEENY,
Hmctli| <n > ai.il Bradford, Pa.
M. N MILES,
Petrolia, iiutler county, Pa. | ]n>
M. C. BENEDICT^
jan6 tf I'clroliu, Butler co.,
HOTKLS
GRAND 11(11 I.EVAIIII HOTEL
Corner 591h SI. d; Broadway,
NEW 10RK,
On Both American and Kuropean Plana.
Frenting MI Ceiili.ii I ink, the (irand Boulevard,
Broadway and Fifty-Ninth St., thN Motel occu
ple.K the entire aqu :ii-. and wax built and fur
nished at an <*K|H*IIM* ol over It la one of
the moat elegant a . well aa being the flneat lo
cated In the city ; h.t, ;< paaaenger l.lcvatur and
all modem Impro.< if.cnta, anil IN within one
a<|iiare of the depou i t the Sixth and Klghtli
Avenue Elevated K. it. <• tr aiidMtlll nearerthe
Broitdway ears coi.ve. nut and acccMlhle from
all parts of the e;t.. if.toms with board, per
day. Hpeelal rates foi lamillcK and permanent
guests. K. 11 ASK K1.1., Proprietor.
St. Carles hotel,
On the Kuropean t'lari
-54 to 66 North Third Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Single Rooms I>oc., 75c. and $1 jtcr
day.
CJ. I-*. Scli nock, Proprietor^
Excitant Dining room furnished
with the best, and nt reanonable rates.
j'.yj Cars f«.r all Railroad Depots
within a convenient distance.
National Hotel,
CORTLANDT BTBF.ET, NKAU Ba UWAT,
NICW VOItK,
IIOTCIIKISS A I'ONI), - - Prop'ra.
ON THE I.UBOPEAN PLAN.
The reatanrant, cufe and Innch room atlatAied
are iiiixurjiaxxed fi. r cl.eapneaa and excellence of
■ervie,e Itoomx 5D ctx. to tier day. 43 to +lO
per week. Cnnveiii irit to all ferries anil city
r.iilroadx, N'w CubKITOBK, Nf.w MANAOK
*K*T. Janls-ly
MlllII'.I I l-F.lt HOUSE.
L NT. KLAS. Prop'.,
MAIN STREET, BUTLER, I'A.
Having taken poaexxion of the above well
kc>wu Hotel, and it being furnlxhed. in the
bext of xtyle for t'l" <U comodation of gueatx. the
public are ret pect'ullv invited to give me a call.
I have aKo poaxe»xioii of the barn in rear of
hot'-l, which furnn-hoM excellent stabling, ac
couicxlaliona for my patronx.
T. NTfKr.AH.
AfS PI fl *T O 1.1 rtops, 3 xet lieeds, 2 Knee
WiiUAliU Hwcllx, Stool, Book, only
♦ •<7.60. M Sto;> Organ. St (/01, Book, only 453,76.
j Piano-, Stool, Cover, Book, VI '.HI to 4255. Jllus
i trated catalogue free Address
I ap 14-vim W. 0. BUNNELL. Lewistown, Pa.
HI HER, PA., WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER 24. <^Bo
IN MEMORIUM.
Lines written in memory of Willie, son of
Robert and Elizabeth'lvell','who departed this
life Oct. Bth, 1880, aged 2 years, 3 months and
15 days and was interred at tlie United Presby
terian Church, Clintonville, I'a., Oct. 9, 1880.
How we miss our little darling,
Since he left us. all aloiie;
But we know, though much we loved him,
He has found a better home.
Yes we loved our little darling,
Tongues of fire can never tell,
How we loved him, but our Saviour
Took him with himself to dwell.
Yes, we miss his little footsteps
As he pattered up and down ;
But we know he's gone to glory.
There to wear a precious croffn.
Yes, we miss him in the morning,
Yes, we miss him through the day,
Yes, we miss him in the evening,
Since our Willie went away.
Yes, we loved him, and we know
That we shall meet in Heaven above,
There to dwell with Christ for ever,
When we meet our little love.
From the Contemporary Review, London.
THROUGH SIBERIA.
By way of the Amur and the Ussuri.
It was my good fortune last sum
mer to make the tour of the world
through Siberia. I traversed this
enormous country, moreover, by a new
way. Two English travellers, Cap
tain Cochrane and Mr. Hill, have re
corded their journeys across northern
Asia, but they crossed the Barabiusky
Steppe, and from Irkuts.. followed the
course of the Lena, aud, turning east
wards, reached the Pacific at the Sea
of Okhotsk. I avoided the Barabin
sky Steppe by travelling on the Irtish
and Obi from Tobolsk to Tomsk, and
then from Irkutsk 1 crossed Lake Bai
kal and descended the Amur, first to
its mouth at Nikolaefsk, and then, re
turning, ascended the Ussuri to the
Vladivostock.
The object, therefore, of this paper
will be to give a sketch of my journey
from the Urals to the Pacific, dwelling
most on those parts which to English
readers are new.
The summer traveller to Siberia may
now proceed almost thither by steam.
The usual overland route lies through
St. Petersburg and Moscow to Nijni
Novgorod by rail, and thence by
steamer on the Vo'ga to Kama and
Perm. A railway over the Urals has
been recently opened from Perm to
Ekaterineburg, on reaching which the
English traveller has finished a jour
ney of twenty-six hundred and seven
ty miles by rail aud nine hundred and
seventy-five by steamer. A drive of
two hundred miles then suffices to
bring him to Tiumen, the first town of
western Siberia.
The mention of Siberia calls to mind
a country the dimensions of which it is
hard to realize. It measures about
four thousand miles long by twenty
six hundred wide. It contains a mil
lion square miles more than the whole
of Europe, is twice as big as Australia,
and nearly a hundred times as large as
England. The country is intersected
by three of the great rivers of the
world, the Obi, the Yenesei, and the
Lena, not one of which is less than
two thousand miles long, and all of
which run into the Northern Ocean. A
fourth ocean river, the Amur, forming
a part ot the sout hern boundary of the
country, rises in the eastern branches
of the Altai chain, and runs a course
also ol two thousand miles It takes
an easterly direction, and empties itself
in the Gulf of Tartary.
The line forming the western boun
dary of Siberia dec-ends from the North
ern Ocean to the sixty-second parallel
of north latitude; then, leaving moun
tains a little to the left, it comes down
in tolerably straight line to a point
midway between the Sea of Aral and
Lake Halka.sh; thence it turns east
ward to and along the northern shore
of the lake, and going further east,
joins the Altai Mountains All Russia
lying to the west and south of this line
is iu Europe or in central Asia, all ly
ing to the east of it is Siberia. The
river Yenesei divides the country into
east and west; the surface of the west
ern portion being generally Hat, whilst
the eastern portion, more especially
towards the I'acific, is mountainous.
The political divisions of the coun
try are first into two viceroyalties,
called respectfully ea.stern and western
Siberia, the western being divided into
four aud the eastern into six provinces.
Again, each province is subdivided in
to districts, or uryextx ; over each ur
yrxt presides an mpravnilc, over each
province a governor, and over each
viceroyalty a general governor. The
four provinces of western Siberia are
Tobolsk, Tomsk, Akinolinsk, and Sem
ipalostiiisk, euch of which has its capi
tal, or government town. Each uryenl
likewise has its principal town. Smal
ler collections of houses are callod xillui
or villages (in each of which there is a
church); and, still smaller, <lc.rr.vni,, or
hamlets. The six provinces of eastern
Siberia are Yeneseisk, Irkutsk, the
Trans-Baikal, the Amoor, and iliat ol
the seacoast.
The means of locomotion and com
munication are much more ample than
a foreigner might suppose. There are
no railways, hut there are many steam
boats on the rivers, and there are post
roads throughout the entire breadth of
the country, the great high-road to
China being the most important
Along the principal roads there is both
postal and telegraphic communication.
An ethnographical map of Asiatic Rus
sia shows it to be inhabited by no less
than thirty nations or tribes, and also
reveals the fact that a very small por
tion of the country is inhabited by
Russians—in fact, only a narrow strip
of laud on either side of the principa
land and water highways ; and as the
aborigines do not generally follow agri
culture, it will be seen that that nar
row strip represents the greater part
of the country under civilization. The
same facts will indicate that, while the
language ol the towns and highways is
"Russian, a knowledge of other tongues
is needful for extensiveintercourse with
the natives. Thus much for Siberia in
general. From Tinmen steamers ply
in sunfmer on the Tura, Tobol, Irtish,
Obi, and Tom to Tomsk, a distance of
nearly two thousand miles. I posted
by hyrses from Tinmen to Tobolsk,and
em burked on tin; steamer "Heljetshen
ko" on June the navigation having
: recently been opened, and spring
weather beinsr nearly establ shed.
I had left England on April 30, and,
on reaching St. Petersburg, saw the
last of the ice floating down the Neva.
Spring advanced so rapidly that, ou
May 20, on the banks of the Kama, we
saw strawberry blossoms aud violets,
but as we decended the eastern slopes
of the Urals the weather changed, and
there came occasionally snowstorms.
From Tobolsk our course lay north
wards on the Irtish, as far as the sixty
second parallel, where we returned to
leafless trees and comparative winter
Alternate snow and sunshine succeed
ed. On the Obi my minimum ther
mometer on June 8 fell during the
night to 35° Fahr., but by nine o'clock
next morning it had risen to 75°. Af
ter reach in? Tomsk fine weather set
in, and continued all across Asia. The
heat was rarely oppressive, aud when
sleeping in the carriage at night with
an overcoat it was not inconveuiently
cold
On the Obi we passed through the
territory of the Samoyedes and Ost
jaks. in driving from Tiumen to To
bolsk we had passed through a coun
try inhabited by Siberi. n Tartars, to
the north-west of which lies a district
which coincides pretty closely with the
ridge of the northern Urals, inhabited
by the Voguls, who were estimated in
187f> at five thousand in number. Their
country makes them hill-m' j n and for
esters, for they live within the north
ern limit of the fir and birch, in the
country of the wolf, the bear, the sa
ble, the glutton, the marten, the beav
er, and the elk; all which they hunt,
for they have no plains for the breed
ing of cattle, and no climate for agri
culture. Their villages are scattered
and small, consisting of from four to
eight cabins. They usually dress like
the Russians, live by hunting, and are
said to use no salt. Obdorsk is their
trading town. To this town, on the
Arctic Circle, at the mouth of the Obi,
come also the Samoyedes and Ostjaks.
These latter, too, are both nomads, and
live in tents. The Samoyedes inhabit
a large tract of country l>etween the
Obi and the Yenesei, stretching along
the shore of the frozen ocean from the
north-east corner of Europe, all across
the Tobolsk government to the Yene
sei, docending to the region of the Ost
jaks, and on some parts of their south
ern border to Tomsk. Their -iches
consist of herds of reindeer, which they
pasture on the mosses of the vast bogs,
or tundra #, from which the animals in
winter scrape the snow with their feet,
and thus find their own sustenance. To
the Samovede the reindeer is every
thing. When alive the animal draws
his sledge, and when dead the skin is
used for tent and clothing. When at
Archangel in 1878 I bought a Samove
de HOir'lc or tunick, and a wonderful
pair of boots, and as their manner of
dressing resembles in its main features
that of other northern aborigines in
Siberia, I may as well describe it par
ticular! v. In winter, then, to be in
the (Samoyede) fashion, one should
proceed to dress himself (or herself) as
follows: first, a pair of short trousers
made of softened reindeer skin, fitting
tight and down to the knee; then
stockings of pixhki, the skin of young
fawns, with the hair next the u carer's
body; next come the boots, called
poumeleepte, which means boots—
stockings, perhaps, because mine are
lined, reaching almost to the thighs,
the sole being made of old and hard
reindeer hide, the hair pointing for
ward to diminish 1 hr* possibility of
slipping on the ice or snow. Common
boots have the hair only on the out
side. Mine are a gay "lady's" pair,
lined inside with the sofest fur. and
made of white reindeer skin without,
sewn with stripes of darker skin, and
ornamented in front with a few pieces
of colored cloth. The clothing of the
lower limbs being completed, one has
to work one's way from the bottom to
the top of the gouilc, which has an
opening to put the head through, and
is furnished with sleeves. The one I
have has a high straight collar, but in
some brought by Mr Seebohm from
the Yenesei this collar rises behind
above the top of the head. The cos
tume is completed by a cap of reindeer
hide, with strings on either aide orna
mented with pieces of cloth. The hair
of the HOirik is worn outside in fine
weather, and inside when it rains; but
when prolonged exposure to cold is ap
prehended, a second garment, called a
"goose," is worn with the hair outside,
and a close-fitting hood, leaving ex
posed only a small portion of the fa<*e.
The Ostjaks are said to have at the
end of the sleeve a glove or mitten
made of the hardest hide of the rein
deer, and suitable for heavy work, and
also a slit under the wrist, to allow of
the fingers being used for finer work.—
A girdle is worn round the lions, over
which the HOI rile laps a little, and thus
forms a pocket for small articles. The
only route to which, be it remembered,
is via the transverse slit through the
wrist. We heard some pleasant ac
counts of the honesty and docility of
the Samoyedes and Ostjaks. Their
honesty may be exemplified. The
merchant* of Tobolsk, when they go
north in the summer to purchase fish,
tak<- with them flour and salt, place it
in their summer stations, ami on their
return leave unprotected what remains
of it for the following year. Should a
Samoyede pass by and require it, lie
does not scruple to take what he wants;
but he leaves in its place an I O 11,
in the form of a duplicate stick duly
notched to signify that he is a debtor,
and then in the (ishingseason he comes
to his creditor, compares the duplicate
stick he has kept with the one lie left
behind, and then discharges his obli
gation.
The difficulties of educating and
Christianitur these tribes arc vcrv ffrcat
and tins more HO by their migratory
habits. Dr. Latham mentions eleven
dialects in the Samoyede language, and
refers to the work of Professor Castren,
who, about thirty years ago, studied
closely the languages of the Finnish
nations, and to whose labors we owe a
dictionary of some of these I animates,
which was published after his death.
In 1N24 a commencement WIIH made to
translate into Sumoyede the Gospel of
St. Muttbow, but it wuu uot coutiuuud |
after 1826. The same Gospel was
I translated some years ago into the lan
guage of theOstjaksby the protohierea
'or chief priest, at Obdorsk, aud was
forwarded to the Russian Bible Socie
ty, but not published, and up to the
present time neither th t nor any other
part of the New Testament exists, as
tar as I know, for the Samoyedes, Ost
jaks, or Voguls. It is said, however,
that in European Russia a priest is
sent yearly to a, town in the far north
: of the Archangel province, to baptize
the children, and marrv such among
j the Samoyedes as are professedly Chris
; tian. Also in 1877 the Russians open
ed a school at Obdorsk lor the i.c.n-
Samoyedes and Ostjaks. We m iy h
therefore, that for them better days are
coming, both by reason of what tin-
Russians are doing, and also possibly
and indirectly by the efforts which cer
-1 tain Englishmen are making to invade
the lands of these aborigines for the
: purpose.- of commerce.
The Ostjaks dress to some extent in
' garments of reindeer skin, and also
| subsist for the most part on what th<-y
I capture in hunting and fishing. In the
use of the bow their skill is so great
: that for shooting squirrels they use a
: blunt arrow, and take care to hit the
anitn I on the head that the skin may
not be damaged. They do not gener
ally cultivate the soil, nor have they
towns or villages of their own. The
Ostjaks, for the moct part, especially
those on the Obi, have fewer deer, and
being brought into contact with the
Russians, are fast giving up their na
tive dress and customs. The religion
of both Samoyedes and Ostjaks is Sha
manism, of which 1 shall have occasion
to speak hereafter ; but many of the
Ostjaks have been baptized into the
Russian Church, and a school has been
opened tor the two peoples on the low
er Obi at Obdorsk. One of the most
noteworthy things on the Obi was the
extraordinary price of provisions. The
Ostjaks came to our steamer offering
live ducks for live farthings each. Large
lish, called yams, cost 1 l-2d. a pair, and
great pike a farthing each. Milk was
more expensive, and cost 2 l-2d a bot
tle ; but we heard that in some of the
distant villages a young calf could be
bought for Gd. These prices should
be borne in mind in connection with
the attempt that is now being made to
open up commerce from Siberia by the
rivers Obi and Yenesei, and through
the Kara Sea, to England. In the
summe' of 1874 Captain Wiggins, of
Sunderland, who had long contempla
ted the project, sailed through the Ka
ra Sea, which had hitherto been sup
posed to be blocked by ice, and, reach
ing the Obi, demonstrated to the world
that the passage could be made between
England and Siberia, with no unusual
risks, in about three weeks. In the
next year Professor Nordenskjold fol
lowed in the wake of our countryman,
and reached the Yenesei.
Now, these two rivers, the Obi and
the Yenesei, rise in the empire of' Ch
ina, and drain an extent of country
nearly as large as the whole of Europe.
The country through which they flow
may be divided into four regions. Fur
thest south are the mountains of the
Altai range, which are rich in silver,
copper, iron and gold. Further north
is a belt six hundred miles wide of rich
black earth, to which it is never
thought of putting manure, and the
scratching <>f the surface of which yields
an abundant cereal crop. This land,
which is comparable to that of an iMig
lish garden, in the neighborhood of
Barnaul may be hired for .'5 l-2d. an
acre. The chief things wanted in this
district are capital and labor. The
next belt northward is a forest region
of numberless square miles, where a
hard larch-tree, big enough for a ship's
mast, may be had for a sovereign, and
in which region are abundance of wild
animals bearing fur, such us the squir
rel, the sable, the Artie fox, the beaver
and the bear, wolf, elk, deer, etc. There
are also abundance of game and exten
sive pastures (or cuttle. A merchant
told me that in Tiumen he sold ten
thousand brace of grouse and caper
cailzie for the St Petersburg market at
!td. a brace all round, and that in 1877
he bought up meat at Tobolsk for less
than l-2d. per English pound
The most northerly region is that of
th • Tundras, intersected by rivers that
are so full of fish that the natives trv
to avoid taking a heavy haul, so fre
quently are their nets broken by the
abundance of the draught. Large quan
tities of choice fish are caught in sum
mer, ami kept, alive in pond* till the
nppmaehof winter, when they are tak
en out and Irozcn, and forwarded a dis
tance of more than t wo thousand miles
to St. Petersburg. The express car
riage from Tinmen costs ]Hs. a hun
dred weight., notwithstanding which, if
the sturgeon sells for 21s a hnndrcd
weiirht, and the sterlet and certain
kinds of salmon for .'{(K, there remains
an ample margin ol profit for all par
ties concerned Reside the "fresh" fish
thus sent to St.. Petersburg, large num
bers are dried, and sent, to the great
fair at, Nijni Novgorod. It may verv
well be then that a profitable trade at
no distant date shall be opened up in
Siberian products brought, bv steamer
to the English market.
On the 10th of June, after a voyatre
of seven davs, I reached Tomsk, which
is a few miles eastward of the meridian
of Calcutta and fifty-two hundred miles
from London, the journey having '
accomplished in twenty-six traveling
days. From Tomsk I made a detour
of six hundred miles to Barnaul, and
in so doing passed through a country
singularly rich and productive. Here
are to be seen the white-barked hire'-,
the cedar-nut. tree, the Scotch Or, flow
ering acacia, t he alder, pine, willow and
white-flowering cheromeka—the last
presenting a prettv object, when in
blossom, and yielding for fruit a small
bird-cherrv. Among the shrubs we
noticed wild currants, which with (lie
bird-cherries, are eaten by the Siberi
ans. There were likewise raspberry
and strawberry plants, Amonsr the
spring flowers we missed, or perhaps
overlooked, the pale prim roue; but
there were violets and n whole parterre
of other flowers, both old and new.
The fields were blue with forget-me
nots, and we noticed what was to me
a new llower, Home thing like a butter-
cup, hut much larger. Also east of
Tomsk there was a large red lily, made
much of in English gardens, hut which
here was growing wild. There was
likewise a large red flower growing in
abundance, very much like the peony.
After visiting, at Barnaul, the empe
ror's usine for the smelting of gold and
silver, we returned to Tomsk, ud then
prepared for a posting journey by hor
ses of ten hundred ami forty miles to
Irkutsk, which was reached on the (ith
of .I uly I need not dwell on this part
of the journey, because severa have
described the gieat high-road to China.
After leaving Irkutsk and crossing
Luke Baikal we made a second detour
> the Chinese frontier at Kiakhta, and
iben prepared to cross the hilly steppes
of ihe trans-Baikal province to the
Amur. I'Ue road lay through the
town of Werchne Udinsk, and over the
Appletree Mountains to Ciiita, both
towns being famous in Russiau history
as the abodes formerly of Decembrists,
or certain political prisoners who were
concerned in the insurrection at the
opening of the reigu of the emperor
N iehoias.
Further on was reached Nertchiusk,
near to which are the mines said i»v
some to be o; qeicksilver, and in the
fumes of which it is commonly report
ed prisoners are killed by inches, be
ing obliged to work therein without
coming to the surface. As my tour
through Siberia was of a phiianthro
pic character, and 1 had every facility
accorded me for the visitation of pris
oners and public institutions, I made a
point of inquiring into the condition of
these prisoners, one result of which
has been that 1 can get no satisfactory
evidence that there is such a thing as
a quicksilver mine in Siberia at all.
There are, however, silver mines,
which exist in the Altai Mountains,
and others in the Rorshchovochny
range, near the town of Nertchiusk.
just mentioned. Of those in the Altai
range nothing need be said, because
they are worked be tree laborers. The
mines at Nertchiusk are well known as
penal establishments, and there can be
no doubt that the accounts of severi
ties practiced there in former years
have caused the ears of many to tin
gle. I have heard from independent
sources that convicts of twenty years'
standing at Nertchiusk tell of one Ras
guildiclf, a cruel director, who used to
go about with lour Cossacks behind
him, armed with the knout, to thrash
those who did not work. Hut this
man has long since been removed.
For the greater part ot my informa
tion respecting the mines of Nertchiusk
1 am ineOted to a political exile, who
was sent there witn several Russian
and Polish aristocracy. This account
relates to the condition of things as
they were in lst;« and IBf>7, since
which date most of the mines have
passed out of government iuto private
hands.
GIGANTIC tiCAIIE.
There was quite a commotion in the
city yesterday, especially in the north
eastern part, owing to a rumor that a
terrible explosion was imminent—an
explosion that would blow Erie sky
high and scatter death and destruction
for miles around us. Rumors of this
magnitude, in a general thing, dwindle
down upon investigation to inlinitesi
inally small proportions. Hut in this
instance, although the rumor proved
to ho greatly in excess of the fact, yet
there were ample grounds for fearing
an uncomfortably near explosion of
fortytonsofnitro glycerine—a quan
tity qniie MI 111 cent, under favorable
conditions to achieve all and more than
rumor said the city was in momentary
danger of.
The deadly explosive compound
was, and is, stored aboard the schoon
er (Jeorge Alowberry, which put into
tliis port on Wednesday from stress of
wuuther, while on her way to Fort
William, Luke Superior. The tierce
gale that blew Thursday and yesterday
morning caused her t<» drag her anchors
and drift on to the sunken piers. Here
she was Held last for a time, hut as the
winds and waves arose higher, she
was lifted up and dashed with great
violence on the piles beneath. It is
perhaps needless to state that the crew,
knowing the sensitiveness of nitrogly
cerine to concussion, lost no time in
getting oil' the vessel. A si.ill' was
launched ami they lauded on the break
water, from which they came up to
the city, and probably started the
aforementioned rumor by relating the
danger they had escaped from. The
VCSM'I continued to beat violently on
the piers an I vory soon she became
water-logged. Kvery effort was made
to get l.er In r off by the lugs Krie,
Thompson, and yacht Hunter, assisted
by the crews of the Terry, Michigan
and Life Saving station, but without
MUCC SS.
The glycerine is valued at SIOO,OOO
and is tightly pneked in sawdust, but
how long it will remain so under the
violent beating on the piers is very
doubtful, but, however, the dropping
of the wind lessens the liability of an
explosion and it is hoped the cil'orts to
get her oil' which will be renewed this
morning may prove successful.
Situate IIS the vessel is, the danger
to life and property is not such as
would be if site was nearer shore, but
neverthelcsH the detonation of forty
tons of nitroglycerine, equal in ex
plosive force to 7-D tons ofgunpowdei
might be safely counted upon for tak
ing cure of every pane i f glu.-s in the
city.
Tie Mowberrv wa towed from Buf
falo l>v the tug \V. I!. Castle, and its
dangerous cargo is inti tided lor use on
the Canada J'a ilic Kailroad This is
her fourth trip with glycerine and the
lirst mi-hup. Lust evening the cap
tain thought she could - iot get oil', and
that she would have to be unloaded
here.—AY/e Ih. /nih h.
Are you a son of Temperance?"
asked a gentleman, jocularly, of a
man holding on to a (lalveston avenue
lamp post. ':Not much," responded
the inebriate, w! o smelt stroi.g of
malt liquors; "not urn h shon of tem
pered-h (hie,) but If you shet 'em up
I'll I'll prove to vcr I am a shon <>f
mult, eh! Schmellofme—hie—schmel
1 il'mclire 11.''— (Jnlveston New*.
ADVEUTKNIKO BATES.
One square, oue insertion. 91; each snbse
qnem insertion, s<) cents. Yearly advertisement*
exceeding one-fourth of a column, 95 per inch.
Figure wore double these rates; additional
charges where weekly or monthly changes arc
made Local advertisements 10 cents per line
for tirtt insertion, and 5 cents per line for each
additional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub
lished free of charge. Obituary notices charged
ss a I'.'ortcements, and payable when handed in
Auditors' Notices. #4 ; Executors' and Adminia
trators' Notices. $3 each; Estray, Caution an 4
niH-Hjlution Notices, not exceeding ten lines,
cicli.
Fr.im the fact that the Cmnx is the aides'
established and most extensively circulated Be
publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Kepufc
licai. conntyj it must be apparent' to businenh
men that it is the medium they should use iu
advertising their business.
s (>. 2
DEA TH OF COLONEL DRAKE.
Colonel Edwin L. Drake, who sank
the first oil well in this State at Titus
vilie, died at his residence in South
Bethlehem, Pa., on Monday evening
week, aged sixty-one years. The nar
ration of the discovery of the merits of
petroleum as an illuminating fluid, and
of the measures concerted for its intro
duction into thousands of homes in
both continents, forms an interesting
chapter in the history of Pennsylvania
ColoDel Drake was born in Green
county, New York, and spent his early
days on his father's farm, at Rutland,
Vermont. At eighteen years, single
handed, he entered "the struggles
of theworld. He was successively
capta>n on the Erie Canal, clerk on a
steamer plying before Buffalo and De
troit, superintendent of a Tecumseh,
Michigan, oil-eloth factory, salesmau
in a New Haven clothing store, drum
mer for a New York mercantile house,
express messenger between Albany
and Boston, and from 1849 to 1857 he
was conductor of the New York and
New Haven Railroad. 11l health
compelled him to resign this latter
position and he accepted an offer from
Towusend, Pierpont, Ives& Bowditch,
of New Haven, who had come into
pogessiou of a tract of laud at Titus
ville, Pennsylvania, to visit the pur
chased site and investigate a defect in
the title to the prt j erty. The lui:d
owed its value to a spring, from which
was taken with a blanket oil used in
the manufacture of alinementto which
was attributed great curative powers.
The fluid was known as "Seneca Oil,"
and had been analyzed by Professor
Sillimau, who regarded it as of small
importance Colonel Drake saw while
at Titusville the oil iu use as a lubrica
tor. He was satisfied at once that
there was a fortune in the fluid as a
lubricator, and after much difficulty
succeeded in forming a stock company,
compo ed entirely of New Haven busi
men, and went back to Titusville as a
salaried agent of the "Seneca Oil
Company." He was to be responsible
for all losses and was to shars what
ever profits might arise with the capi
talists.
lie determined to bore for. the oil,
having convinced himself of the feasi
bility of the plan, but for a time could
hire no men to work for him, as he
deemed a lunatic. Finally, after many
discouragments, he drove to the depth
of C 9£ leet, on Saturday, August 29,
1859, a pipe of soft iron, inches
thick. Work was suspended for the
Sabbath, but to his great joy Colonel
Drake on the following day found oil
bubbling over the top of the pipe. A
pump was rigged and the pipe yield
ed twenty-live barrels a day. Shortly
after the derrick, works and engine
were burned out and Colonel Drake
was penniless. Within thirty days
the enterprising pioneer in petroleum
had rebuilt the works. He sank an
other well and the business grew larg
er daily. Speculators flocked in by
the hundred and men's minds were
unbalanced through oil. The Seneca
Oil Company sold out, and Colonel
Drake operated individually until 1864,
when poverty and ill health compelled
him to retire. The last SSOO used by
him in the work on the Drake well
was borrowed money.
Tie State granted him in 1873 a
civil pension of $1,500 a year, reversi
ble to his widow while she remains
unmarried. It was a small recom
pense lor his public labors. The twen
ty live-barrel well of August, 1859,
has been augmented by 10,000 other
wells, with an annaul capacity of not
less than 15,000,000 barrels. Not less
than $'.0,000,000 worth is exported
annually, ami from his humble but
beautiful home in South Bethlehem
Colonel Drake could daily see passing
ovi r the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh
Susquehanna Railroads long trains of
oil tanks on their way to the tide, sup
plying the world with one of its great
est products. Ho was an earnest mem
ber of the Protestant Episcopal Church
and leaves a family of a wife and three
children, by whom he was idolized
A T TENT JON BANKRUPTS.
The man who depicted the woes of
the poor creditor contrasted with the
luxurious ease of the debtor, surround
ed by sympathising friends, know
nothing of the bankrupt law lately de
ceased. It had all sorts ef traps and
pitfalls that caught the unwary who
dreamed of competency left after pay
ing lo or 15 cents on the dollar of his
indebtedness. It was not until after
the law was about expiring that theso
p 'ill arities were discovered by exas
perated creditors. Hut it seems that
there are many bankrupts, perhaps
liundteds, who are likely to tumble in
to another pit before they are through
if they do not come to the centre
shortly.
In conversation with Register Shaf
er Monday morning it was learned
tli it many bankrupts seemed to think
tli it as thk law has been repealed it
makes no special difference whether
they secure their discharges or not.
The number referred to constitute the
great bulk of bankrupts who went in a
rush to take advantage of the law be
fore repeal. Some of those have been
very prosperous in business since they
"bankrupted," have accumulated pro
perty largely ; and creditors who have
waited for dividends until discouraged
have been casting about to s-e what
could be done. They have applied to
the United States Courts and have
learned that unless the bankrupts stir
themselves and get their discharges
within a reasonable time they can l»o
sued in the Slate Courts, and bank
ruptcy proceedings will not avail them
anything in ease judgment is gotteu
against them. In this event their
subsequent accumulations will bo
counted with the assets when they
went iuto bankruptcy, and all will go
down in the mealstrom of ruin. Suits
have already I wen brought, hut the
United States Courts have interfered
for the present in order to allow bank
rupt-" a ehanee to take their bearings
and decide what coutse to pursue.—-
I'itUburijh Dixpateh.
Now is the time to mend leaky
roofs.