MI/E! • • • •- • • Healy t ont!) . Memorrat, PUBLISHED EVEItY. TIIIIIII9DAY ,TIOANING, , • By J. B: OVIATT, SMETHPORT; AVICEAN COUNTY, PA. ppleE,"s: ociitliEß OF YCDLIC,E.Quip.2 TERMS: • ffil 50 in 4dvanie I6,tes of Advertising. . . „ . Column one Year..., • ,•—•-• •-• • • 435 0 0 •X • " ""• • '••• " "...•••• 20.00 • , t2OOO .... ....... :1200 One Auer(' Of 12 lines of loss),:l . insertions i 1011 '.l , :udb subsequent insoftion,—;,. • '25 Ituotinesit Cards, with ;.....0 00* Rule or figure work will be . 3loublci•ibti above rates: Twelve llnes. °racier tynel . or eight lines nonptireil;49 rj. These Terms will bo strictly adhoreil • 4Busintso Mirectorv. '• • • BENNETT . 'IIOI7SE; • ' • , ,nettipo'rt, St , Reail CO.:, • Pa: E. S..lllAscoi, Propyldtor .titpositertho Ociurt Douro. .4. new ; Info ' 'comthodl " tilts and, lantl furnish6d.hduse. • • . • • Dealer.itt Stoves,.Tin• Ware, Saonined Ware' ace.; 'west side of 'the Public, Square, Smethport,.Pa. Otistom • ”.,work'done to order on s thtA shortest netico; . ansi in. the ,boat substantial."nanner: • ' : DENTISTRY , Do. AL. 'A.. Santana . sirotild respectfully announce to the • . eitisens of dinetliport and.Sicibity, that ho has fitted . up do Office, and id prepared to 'attend to all Isatinese mlll4 profesalon. Artificial teeth ; inserted upon. sci 'eatilic principles', Midi', as fo'preservolho natural ex- . ipression.of the face All' operationitn Dental Surgery 'doue In a skillful manner. - • , •. lOt A.'3. !PURSE . . . . . Deiler'ln Stoves. Tin Ware, me, Ware, &.3'.', Nest and of.. tbo 'Public Square, Smethport, ..Pa.• Guitom work done to order' collie .shorteit notice, find In the inentnubatantial manner. • ' . - . _... .. OL'AN .HOtfpE, • , . . 'A,'- P. Proprietor.. Olenii, 'N. Y. . Omnibus runs - to ind.from the, New. York and Eric IT:tittle:ld: - Stages ..for Stnethricire:and Cpree. •. . . HYDE HOUSE, S. J '.osonoo Proprietor; ...111 . ctoray. Pa. This, lEotel. ja. new and-furnished In nthdeim atylo, liaa 'ample :cown .modations, arytin, in all reapeeta,.a Fir,atClasa 110te1...• .11.id;leay,Elk Co. Pa.lle.y 24.1E180 ~ , • . .. :' • ELDRED HOTEL, Jonx WEpt, Pioprietoi• Thin house Is • eituated•hal • "way t.ctwenn Scsethport and Ole:us. 'A. cons - mien commodious hens', eltentivi,' and obliging attend entn, and low prices, • ' '' • • • • • • ' Eldred Man 17 ,• • . •l• .'' ,'-' A. D. HAMLIN',. . . , . . .., suryo, v or, ' DrattAntn Conrcyance'r,- •And Reil . Ectato Azont. fimetbport,- 1I Kean county, Pa,' - , . .'.•• • . 'WILLIAM WlliKlff, ' •, . . . . Practical .Mazlianic., - MillnCight;. Bridge-buitOrr, , .k.c „Port Allagliony, SPliaan county; Pa.... . . . J. L. BROWN, SURV.EYOR; DRAFTSMAN. CONV EY!i - Ng ER and Real. ,Retikte Agf!nt; . Ofßee, Wlllianylvi Ile, Elk Venn'a • . nereannnee- Chapin & Doyle, ..Fleren., lion, Theinae Rt.rether;, .W, .S, F.sq,; A. I. WUona. , . CARVER - HOUSE; ' ' J un:4 It, Iluct; Protirietnr. corner of Water and Ilicker,t• Streets, Warren. Its. tletteral Stage 011iee. •. rosts I .HOUSE, . . Fronting the Public Sgoarei Oiean,.N. Y... 'Ltasks M. !diLtuti. Proprietor, The Fobes !ToWsn is entirely-new and built of brick. and la, tarnished in modern atyle. . The proprietor tiattres hitriaelf that lila aceruinoda . tioUs•ard not uttrpassed.by Any hotel in,Western Spry York. Carriage's run to an.d& froni the New York•diad Erie Rail Road.: BYRON D. HANILIti, . . , . . At rt)EiY IT . LAW; ;11 - 11etbp0 . rt, M'Kein CA.IIItV. p:l., X z ent r 9 r , AteSsrs. Iceatin.z. ,k,- 1!.) , A Laeols ' 'Attends espociallk to the. Coll Optio n. of Claims; Exalninatiot: of Cand,Titles; Payment of TaTp, ntr.toil husinehii refs. ting tp Iles, Estate.. Office-in liumlin Block.. : . • , E. BOUGIITON EI;DRED, . . . . . . . .Attorney nod' Counsellor nt limy: Smetliport i . filigenn County, Pa. Iliieriess .entrusted to LI? care fur the counties of MiKean. ('otter and Elk will be pronimly ' nitoruled Cu. Office In the Oeurtlieusei' second floor: DR. L.' It. IN ISNER, Phyalciiin and fificgeon, 'Sulk!wort, Pa, will aitend all profesalowil cello .witli. promptness, Office in iiart• well Block,alecond•floor. • , . .• THING k MILtER,, Wholesale find.Retal Dealers in Slaple,'and Farlek Dry • Goods, Carileting; Ready Made.Clolhine., and General Purnivhing Onedn,,Boefe and 'Shoes, Wall and Window Paper, Looking Glainea.ke.,. At.blean. N. Y. •. • JOHN C. BACKUS, , . . Attorney rind Counsellor at Law, Hmetliport, IKlKran Co IPa.• 'WilLsttend to 01 business'in his prnfessloo In the counties of MlKeen, Potter and Elk. Office oter O.K. • .9artwell.& Brothers' Store. .• • HACKNEY HOUSE, . . , ,Comer of Sooon , l,an'd I,llForty, atreata, : Warren, Pa. R. .'.. A - .. Bannon, Proprietor:, Trurolora vrill find good itc. , commodationa and roaaonabie clirgos. , . . . LARABEE'S HOTEL, itr Lenteec . . eroprieto'r,-6Alleghony ltridge; Ml,Kesn . This bonne is.eiturtted About nine Innen from ihnothwirt on the Thad , lo,O r leavii and round a convenient stopping•place • ' • • EARNERS' 'VALLEY HOTEL ay. T: Goo riwrs. This house is situated about five mile .• train Smathpnrt on the road to•Oloan. ,Pleisit re partie • and othO,a can bQ accommodated on•the atm . :lest notice W. S. BROWNELL, Poalorau DiT. Bonds, Grocorien,"Crockert, .flsrdwaro, 'Boots, Shoos, Hats, Baps, Glass, Naps. &c. Bast side of the Public Squhis, Smethport, Pa.. EMPORIUt ROUSE, Shlppen, NVlCein 00,, PrOpylelor / A nomnuidinus nnd'woll-turninhed house: Strange. ind Gisvelers pill find gciod kneconmodn,iiinin.. • , • PORT ALLEGANY ROUSE, . . . . . . . Elfontill. potter,. kroprietnr o at Port ; Allegany, ne: gentiCounti . ra. This Hotel issituated at the june . tton of the Smethpert and Allegany Itivor toads, nine . ranee east of Smathport. - . . , , AST . SZIIETIIPOILT; Co, Pa.' • WI. -HASKELL .. : :.• : This Gouse Iserell Calculated for the accommodation mt the .Travelling Public. hoeing feecntly been repedrell and remodeled.. Good deem and BMbles. Charges rats -1!°,011.11• ' States for %Beni Shippenand Ridgway. limethoort, July 2,1860, :• " ' • To Those . Inferested in Mining and Nineral Lands: . - . • . , W. IL • BARNIIS offers his . services for the exemtne, of , thin of Mineral Lands- In St , finan end 'Elic enim -414C,412CV will gfire his opinion as to tho VALUE OF Ming, *o. • Those engaging hisserviessarill receive iallieneseary and'rellable informat i on: Residermo at .1100ker 0111 • • . • , , • • 80rgesnt, .131 , Koan C0 .,- Juno 30,3850.. • ' . • B. itYDE, i ppe, o sii.ii , -Law t :timethport,. ?Aeon no., Ps: Col pronvtly stip:led to. Feb. Itt „ . . , . Feffor anit. Roue Representatitiii:' '• . . •'. HaVing.been convened cin •en extraordinary • necirsiii, as, authorized. by :theiConstjt.titiod; your : attention is.not.ealled 'to any. or d inary subject of legislation.... At the begibring.of the present Eiresidentiaf term four Month . s the functions. of - the 'Federal .Government Were: - found to be:generallylitiSpended:Within the' sev . oral States of .S'ouin :Carolina; Georgia, : Ala bama, Mississippi,` Louisiana and' Florida; ez cepting only those:of' thd ,Post anent.' Within these•State.s,:all the farts, arse- - nals, dock yards;ciistorti houses, - and 'including the 'movable and 'stationary property. in and about them; hid been 'seized and were held in'oPen hostility . to the 'Government,- es,,-:, rept ing only. Forts Pickens, Zaylorand.jefler sofa, on and.rwarthe coast of Florida; and Suim-: ter, in Charlestim Irlarbor,.Soirt . h . .Carolinl. The forte; thus seized had been pat :in improved cop ditionoiew ones - built, and irmed.:Jorces had :beerrorvanized and were Organizing, all avowed : iy . with7thepa*.hcistile prirpose. • • . The forts remaining. in the paSession of- the FederalGovernmentiri and ne.ir these States; were either besieged-or ntepaced . ly 1, - varlike preparations, and espccidily'Fortj . Sumter was nearly'surroundedftry.wellp - rotected.hdstilebat tries; with gOns.equal . in quality to the be l n t . of tits 00 - n, and; outnumberingtheiritter-as, eis hdps',ienfo one. A dispropo - rtionate ,share . of. the federal muskets arid rifles had; some how,. found their wayinto these States, and had been seized to be used, against the piverriment: 'Ac cumulations of the public revenue; lying with thern,liad 'been,seiied for the sameobject: The navy was' scattered in distant-seas„leaving but a very small pir t. of it” within- the 'immediate .reach of. the. OoVernment.' Officers of the fede ral army had resigned in great•numbers, nnd of those resigning a laige.proportion haul taken Op arms against . the'Goverriment.' 'Simultaneously and in common with' all this, :the purpuiso sever the - Federal *Union was, openly avowed. In accordance with' this purnose,:an ordinance had been adori . telf !each' of these: States,, de claring' 'the Stafes respectively to be separated from the National Union:: A fOrmula For insti tuting-a combined ; government of the States had been, prorriulgatecl:and this illegal organi- . .. zation . .—in ..the' character of. the .Confederate States, was already . invoking recognition, aid and intervention'tiomloieign powers, .' . 'Finding this condition of thing and.belieying , it to' he an imperative duty Upon the incoming execittiVe to prevent, irpossible, the:eonsuma •tion'of such 'attempt destraythe 'Federal' ti'm ion, a choice of -means to that. end became in— chspensable: Thisi choice •was Made and was declared in the inaugural address. • The policy :chosen looked-to the'exhaostion•of nil peaceful measures before a resort to stronger ones. It sought o nly to hold tlk''public'Places anti:mop eri'y notalready wresteil from the D'overnment and to collection the revenues;' relying foi 'the .rest-on time, iliScnision and; the ballot-box. It prothiseda continuance ofthernails.at goy, ernment . expense, to the 'very:people. who • 'were resisting the Goliernme.itt,' and it gave repeated pledges agairistany'disturhances to any of the. people or any 'of -their yights, of .all.that,..which a President might coristitntionally'additistilia- - bly do in, such a . :case. !'.F.vertliitig, was' for berne; withciut Whichit was believed possible ,to keep. the, Government 'on root. On.' the of March, the.firesent incumbent?.i tirat full dayV . iii.ofilee; a letter (rent Anderson',' Com manding at Fort the-,.2Sth . .of February, tied reeelved at the War Depart. meet on the 4th'of March, :was tha.t Depart- , ment the in, his hands..' This let ter express cal the Prolessronalopinion of the writer, 'that teinforcements could - mit 'lie • thinivn, int,o',llie ! Fort.svithin the tinie for.: rellef; Tendered ! necessary by the lintitki!supply of provisions, , anti with it'vievV.of: holding possession of the !airte-with a force of less than twenty thou and good and well disciplined men. • This.opiihion 'was: concurred in by'all•the oili. cerstot hid command, .and their :melt - tore tufa, nq the ,stibjectVwer'e Made •errelostires 'or illajOr An- MEI El . ... ,Wirre.- P. '...,•StnAltoort, But,nn. Yifith. Pa . . . derion's 'leiter. • The whole was laid I eture Lieut..Cen. Scritt, - .who fit C*C.conctirrid.wiol MajiwAnderion in his ,opiiiiom On 'reflection, ho we'ver;• he took time-,conseiting with' other officers both of the army. and ~the littvy; and at the 'end of (Our days came' reluctantly .but decitledry.to : the xame•canclusion hs before, also stated fliat •no .such,.siifficient'.force wa's then at:the control of theGovernrnent, or could be raised and brought to the, ground within the time when the proViSioni of tlie :Fort Wonld exhausted. do a fiipery, military point' of.vie'w this reduced the duty ot• the •adinintStration• in the 'ease; to the mere mattera 'getting the gar: rison safely out of, the fort. '..• - ' It was beiievedi hopiever, that to go 'abandrin that tiosition under' the scircOmstapces, would be Utterly' roinotis; • that the necessity' under which it was be One 'would not be fully 'Un derstood, that by many it,would ' be construed as, a : part.of . I . yoluntary• policy, that at borne it• would discourage the friends of, the Union; em boldening its advaxaries and go tat' to.insure to. thelatter..aiecognitio • n abroad, that, in fact, • it woidil.be our national dextroction Oonsutnated, Thiscould not be allo•Weilt starvation was not yet' upont hu garrison and ere.it would be reach-, ed, Fort Pickens'. might, be '•reinforced.•'Thii last' would be a clew: indication Of. policy, and -would better enable the country to,aeCept. the 'evacuation of Fort Sumter as - a Military nitres- . sity. . An order was at once direeted to:be.sent for the landing of the • troops from. thesteainship .13rookly.n Into• tort Pickens. This • order could not go' by land, but. Must take the longer. and slower rcite by sea, ... • The first return newsfirim . the-Order was re ceiver just one,week 'before the fail of. .sumtr. Tiwnetes itself siballtiet the offieereemmand leg the•Sabino, to. which .vessel, the .troops , had been.transferred Ir m the Briteklyn, acting upon some Ounsi'arMistine of the latendroinistratio9,. and'of the ,exiatence . Of 'which the present ad ministration, tirt,to the timethe 'ortl9,l , .,wi,ede;, .spotched, had only . too vague and uncertain ru mors to fix attention, .had refused to land the troops: To now•ieiforce Tort Pickens berore a crisis would .Ife reitctied.at-Fort .adrrner mpossible;—rcnclered .so by the nnor exhtius ion of pi:ovidons in 'the latter , named fort: In precaution againrt such conjuneturdthe.Gov. G, einnient had a few days heferepommencedlire riarini an expedition, as :welt ailipted.us might* be, to relieve ,Fort Semter ) .wiiich .expedition wag intended to k ultimately need or not, ae. earding to cironmitarieeo. The,. striingf!t an- , PRESIDENT'S . MESSAGE, • ' ' $1; , ?•, ':' , •'4 , i l' . ''' , ~ .•:, , 1 ,:. .. , '• ' ;: i. ",i , i > ~ , ,' ',: s ..i. , , , .. , : :') ~'• !;:, ~,,.t •.' , ' ~. •' ' e r SMeJrHP . Q . R.T,:3l..'ic,fat:A . N . : ,.COU,l:4l''''. '':1'...e.,A , ,,•i : . ..1... 1 :0 -- #.giso , ..Ay . ;,; ., ,A • vo'::::2 . 2,;', i ): Sal; ticipated case: for A useing it. was now presented., and itWae resoled , to :send it forward ,. as It: was also - reibl ved to .notifY 'the' GkVernor of Smith Carolina, that'll:a 'Might expects.in et tempt belt - Jade : to..Mnviii.ans the 'fart; and that if the . attempt..sflutrld not be resifted there would be no .ettempt to .throw in,trien, arms •or anonniiiOn; . withent ttirther•notice, or in Casedof an attack upon, the fort." ::This, notice was accordingly giveni_Wiie . reup• :on the'fort.was- , attacted..and beinbarded• to its fall, Without even awaiting .thO 'arrival of.the provisioning thui ''seen' that the assault, upon tbe.,retinetion of Fort sarOter, Was in no; sense a • Me tter.MS . ell-delence-on the; part of. tile 'assailants.... They . .well knew that the garrison in the stem could by ' . .ao'PeSsibility commit. ageCession's...upon:them... the y knew: they avero expVessly notified-that the.giving of. bredd...to the few brave hungry 'niou-of the' was ail.'which•en thats:occasiOn , be at tempted, . unless themselves ~by• resisting 'so much should provoke s: More: •• • ‘'s they. knew that tbis.Governtneit desired -to keep the' garrison in the Mit, not to assail theni; - . hut:merely:o maintain '.visible possession and ihui to preserve' the Union from' actual artitm: trusting as , herein b e f ore ,sta:ted to;-time; discussion' . and the hallot..box fot final' ad)uittnentpand • tiwyasi'ailed—aiiiire •duct4l.the fort for preeisely the reveries' ohieo, to clriVeout the.' visitila , a.utliority of the:Fedll ral and-thus !Dice it to immediate disso lution. That Allis was their object the exectitivo well understood, andn'having saitfttr.'thern In' the In. anntpral Address; — "Yon can live no .contlici Withowt.b'eitrz yoursid yes' the. art'grca sors,"'he kooli•puiris . not only to ireep 'this . . declaration 4.i00d,. but also to keePthe c'inSe'S'O - far from RO phjit 1 . ); as that the . N%bild.:Should not inisonder stand:sit. By the affair at-Fort Sumter with its' surrOur,oing circumstances, :that pOirit 'was .reached. .Then.cfrof thereby'the . l'aisailants of the government began the conflict of arrns With out a non in Sinltt. or in _expectancy to 'return their fire, save onlythe, few in the for tSent to t het 'harbor yeltrs 4fore for their. own protec- . tinn, - ;14)(1 stilt ready to niVe treat protection. in, whatever was lawful: In this act itisearding else,' they. have forced upon - the Country the (Hs , tinctissne=immethate 'dissolution or .blood. And thiSinistie einhraces . more than the fate of ' these'pniterl.States. It presents to the whole. ftrinity'of man One question whether a constitu tional republicor democracy, a , government of the . people, by the sarpe •people,. can or'eannot maintain its territorial. integrity against its OW,II dorpesric . foes. It presents the quesfion.wheth er discontented individuals,foo few in numbers . to control the•adoiinistratron 'accordin4•.to the. Organ inslaW in any cese,.Crill al wa ys',. upon the :pretenses. made iii this case or -any 'other prc- . . tense.,. ce..erhitarily, without any: pretense b s reair up theii - g . neern inept, •n'nd . thus prne deal ly put an end to free goVer.hinentupnn the earth It luices us to ask,: "Is,•ihele in . all .rerun!li:' .this 'inherent and fatal. we.akrie.is/' I\ u!t a doe crotnent, Of neeessity, be tOo str ong for. the lib . Own , . . . (! rties• of its people, br.. - too , -weak to Main lain 119 own..oxbi.tencel .- ' . • '. - , • '''.. So viewing the: icioc.no choke vt'as . . . to call our ''the way:Power of • the .Government.,• Mal SOito resisribe force employed for iIS de•• stroction,.by force for- its preservation: 'The culliwas 'mOde'and the response of the countrY :was most griatilying., surpassing in . unanimity. and spirit the' must sam;uine•expec'tationsi.• Yet none °lithe Sta,les:cominonlyealed . Slive States :except belasvai•e, ka,ei a r s egirnent•thiOugh the •regular. State or•ganization. few 'regiments organized syithio.isome — others of those• States by individual, enterprise end. re .ceiSierr.into the GoVernment service, • f) rouro' the secede:a litotes, so. coiled. and to which 'Texas has beenijoinedlobout the time orthe irranguratiom ;gave no troo•ps to the cause trrthe Union: i• .. • . . , The Border States, so ivere .not 1.1111. 'form in their netiop—tunic being aj mps't for the Onion, ichilc ill others,nsyrrgin . - .M, Nortl;'Cofoli . oa; itod A rkz,msps, the Union„ , ,eritiinent . w4s • nearly represst.id. and sikneeti. The. course tak en Virginia' eras most remarkable; per haps tfle,toost. impot- . . . trill. ' A conventioei el e etedflyy klie imOp!eilt that State-to consiOe thti very tpreutiOnOl dm repting ihe : Vederal Union, ivas iio.fiessiou at the, capital of Vireitiftrwhee FOrt Sumter (ell. To this body thepeopio litid , ohort a.. large ifieb; , Almost i m . rri,eiti.itrly oiler . the fall' of, Su iote'r, nt iiy met(); . , . . . oers, of . that majorttyAveht ov'er - 14the Origirral: disunion ininority,nn(l with.t . hom •adopted an oroinaiic . e for' witlidi : awin g . ‘the: St a te from' the Union., Wl k ejllvr tlik.eltapge was willaglit.b . . their great appro.ral of.th€ tiFsa* .Ipoti Sumter or their great resentment at the. goveintnerit's resitstanee'tn I he asSautt, is mint definitely known-1 Arth . ough:they'sol.nriitted the ordinance for rat- iticationto a:vote Of 'the people; to be:dal:ea an, a clay then'nmevehat ort*Vtlian•tt :rnotith.dis• tent, the Convention and the I.,egislatui - e; whiCh' wasalsoln ..sessidn'at,t he 9 . inie time and 'place, with. lead m; men•of the State 'not members of either i .jrnmeiliatelSr•cOinmenced eetinp as•if the State wa - 4 . .atready 0trt..91 the Union: . • . . . .... . . , . • They pushed , milinir-y . pr'epriratirini vigorously fo.rveUril all over the stilt , /: _They seized the U. S. Armory at klarper's Ferry; end the navy yard at Gosport, near ,Norh;lk. They rgeoleeil, perhaps inyited,lnto, their state, large .hoilies of troops Avithi their WEI dike appoint merai, (rpm the so 'called seceded si 'wee. formally entered.into a treaty of temporary alliance with the'so called Confederate states, and sent rneot- hers to their eongress - nt: Montgomery; and fi nally they rierrnitted the iniurrecttonnry goy, eminent to be transferred : tst..their cnpi;ol itt - The people of . ..Virginia:haw& .thus: allovred.this giant in!urre - rtion to tnaltelts:nest Within her borders,- and ttis: government has nq'choiceJrftlmt•tc; . othil'v6th it , where, it' findi . . it; ;00 it.has the less to.regret, as . the . loyalntt. izens, have in, diteforrn 'claimed its protection.' Thoseloyal citizens this government, is hound to. recognize"and'olotect. tis being in Virginia.... • In.the border States, 'so called, in the 'Middle States, there ore those who fayoril pol icy` which they cell an armed neutrality; that is, an tirtit:ing ot 'these States to prevent the 'Um ion forces- 'passing one ivay, or the dis.niiion the. other, over their nil This W0ki.14 . 13e disunion campleted: -. .Figerlatively speaking, it , would' bethe' htiildintz 'of.an impassable wall along-thi line of separation, and.yet hot quite an itnpas- Sable one; for wider the gniSe of neutrality,' it would 'tie op ,the• bands. of Union men and freelypasa stipplies (rpm ameneAllem •InFitirrectionists,*.hich :it'. could.' 'iror.do_ as an OpetVenenly.•. At:a. strokti it would take'all'the trouble nif th.e:.h.inds.of s e cession - except only what t rocseell4 froldthetexiernal blockade.: '•lt theAlisunioniste•that whiCh. 'of all things they . .mo . “ de4re;feed• 'their tried, . and give them disunion without' a . itruggle'of-, their . . • • It recognizas : ncill4liti l to.lliti elonsritiitioti obligation, to maintain lam. Union," 'and While very Many' who haverlavored- it,are don httess' loyal citizens, it ianeyertheless, very, injurous in effect, • .:.• • : • • Recurring to : •the:action : .if the..goveriirnent, it may he stated that 'at &it:I:call .wa' t ; for .75400 militia, and rapidly folloWing this ..1.1 proclamation Wasilisued for. clOsing. the Torts of the insurrectionary. districts' by 'proceedingi in:the nature of. a blockade. So far elf was be lieved to be,strietly legali• At this Point tbe,insarrecrionlits announced heir, piliposetoentaftipOsiAlie practice.'of pri -.Other calla were made for'voliintaert tOierve three yenro, unless•soonerdiacharged, and 'elite huge addititine to t. he .regular army .4d j:stry. These measures; whether strictly legal. or'imt 'were...ventured uponrunder whatTappeared to be a tuipular de - Mend and a public necerr,ity,,trust- - 4,4. then ea now, that Congress would .readily: It is belieVed . thalliothing, has been done be'-, yOnd the con'stilutibrial corniiitericy'ot Coop esit Sogn after the first call for militia,. it was con• sidcred a dtitytO, , ,ett'hotixe, the Cernmending. General, proper ea , srs , according cretion,,ta suspend : the privilege.oltheWrit. of 'habeas corpti.4.or in other ivoids;toarresiand detain, withoilt - resortta - theordinery processe's and forms of law, such-indlviduala as he deem dangerons.to' the Thilan thority.iaapurposely been exerciied, hut very sparingly.. - N - evertheless . , thelegality.end pro, pri , !ty or w baL has,been . done'under itfarestues--; licitied; end the •.attention 'i . oattotty . . been'called. to thepropoiititni that one who has 1 NOp I to. take care that . .tlie,,, laws be: faithfully .executcd.should not himself,' violate them. Of b ourse some Consideration was given to the questions of power and propriety before thisH matter was actedupon.e. The Whole of the lews which were 'required to be liiithfullY • executed) were •liping rearsted . rind executioirin - nearly one‘third'of,the States..' Must tlieY, be, allaWed:to..finallyfeil execution„ even' had 'it been perfectly dear that by the use of . means necessary to their,execution;. soma. single law made in 'such extrinti'.tendernese of. the' Oki zees litieriy, that, practically,, it relieves more of the guilty than the ehould'to A . vety: limited 'extent be, violated? Testate the rpeS• Lion more directly,.are , all-the laws but one to go unexceuted and the Government itselltii go to pieces, lest that one be v iolated? . Even in such a case', , would not the dfGcial oath be broken if the. dOsernment :should be . oi;eri brown when . it was' believed that • disre 'gartitng tire single . law 'woutillend to preserve it. Snt.it won riot believed-that this question Was resented, It was,,riot believed 'that any was'Niolated.:,,.. The provisian'Orl:the. Con- - stit9tiutt 'that the privilege ottbe,mit orbs - bees , r'ortus . ::shalt not he suspended;unleati Wheu . in Cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety . may 'require' it,.ii. equiVolent tcra pro'. talon that such privilege may be auspended. when in . cases of rebellion i rot'of asionobe public safety doei , . . ' r equire t. . It' was decided that we- have, a.case of r elief-. .. • lion, arid that the public, safety does' . reivire. the qualified suspeoSion of the privilege' . of . : the, •writ, which was aiitharized to'be. made'. '.Now it is insisted that Cohgreas . ,liiiil spit the' E./cacti tive,-ievested'witti this power. But the 'Con: slituticiiiiteltis Silent as to ti.lijch or'who is to ex e reise .t h e power,. Out as , 'Coo ' provision was prtlid y: in a . de tor a dit ngerous'e margeni.y, i lan ( nut be believcit.th4t the framers of - the instru menty in-tended that -in every 'cas . . he' doifger ihoold.ren its course until Cone could be eatied., logeiliiii, the very' asscrubli gof 'which' might be p'revCrited,.as :i.vtial . tided in thie dose by the tebellion. • ' .. .. : - •' . : . -.. . • . . . .. No moreextended argument is now afT,rded,as an Opinion at somelength will probably be pre sented'. by the Attorney-Giinexai; : Whetlici;r there pliCll'bmany :legislation, on i the subject; 'and ilso, 'wiitit;'is'subrhitied •entirely . to the better judgmeAt biCongresS... , The (mbearance of this Government has been so extraordinary aifil so lung• continued,. iiii : to Lind some loVeigli nations to shape their. action' as if they 'supposed, the early - destrUctien of our. Notional Union. Was probable.';. While. this, on disrovnry; gave the Executive some concern, Thels'now hapPOo - say' that. the Sovereigitty and rights of the United States are DOW every- Vhern. Practically reapected.by foreign Powers, and e general .sympathy with the . country Is .rnanifesled throughout' the .werlif. The reports. of the: Secretaries of the.Treas 7 . uty, Weir and Navy, giyeithei nfor mation in detiiifdeenied nedessury.'end • nonienient for your deliiii;ration and antion, while the Execu tive and all•tlie'Departments vend ready . 'to supply •omiasihns...or communicate new facts considered important for you to know. ft is now recommended that you give the le- riot means for 'making - this contest.a- short and decisive one; that you place 'at the control. of the Government for the• work at 'least 400,000 men and $400,009,600. .That number Of Men' is about one-tenth of those of, proper ages, With in the region's where apparently, all are wilting to engage, end' the sum is less than a twenty third pert.or..the . nioney4alue' o,,imed•.by.•the men who 'seem featly to devote. the'whole.• A tlehtof $§00,Q00;000 now: is, a . less sum per head than wail Aehl'ef our ,Itevplotion, when we came out of that n - truggle; and .the . money. value in .the country bears.eVen greater per.: Lion to what it was then than does the pop:da tion.- Sorely each man has as 'strong ti'motiee now :o preserve our'libertiea as each had theh to establish thee): right' result at..this - time „wig be Worth. .morn to' the, world than ten times the men and ten i;tnei the money. ..The evidence reaching us, from thOcountry.leaves no doubt that the material for,the work le abundant, and .that it rieedoinrily'th . e hand of lrgisl+~tion a,o give it le gal l'ahoton and, the. he nci '9f the ,Executi've'to give it practical' s'hepe arid; etrielency.* Oneof the. greatest perplexities of ,the goy. ernment is to avoid receiving troops (aster than if can provide for therm , In i'werd'i the people will save their govern if the government itself will do its part onhi indifTerently . Might seem at first thought to be of little differ. enee' whether the present moveruest et .tise South - ,fre; (Idled 'Secession Of retiellion ! .The' movers', however, welr.uptierstartd ,the enco.. A; the , beginning they kneW that they could'never.Tiise_their treason :to,any,rispeatit ble Magnitude by any name which iniplies !titiatt oTlSN'!, , j.,they knew their people , p as mu c h of muralsens; as muchof.devotion, to .law end order, - and.asbticif kit)* in;it.s rerice for the history and Government of their common country es any other ciellivid nrfd pat. !lode :rliey new they:couldmike:no advancement_. directly: in the: teeth: of these strong and noble . sentimente. commenced py an ,Anstrilous debauchery of - the Public rnind; they invented' an 'ingenious !mph .ism, wlfic . h, if "Cnitceded,Wiri.folloWed by per fectly.fo,,'icalsteps through all the lireldents' Of the complete deritriction - ot . :the 'Onion. The sciphisarv.itself ls; that any State of the Union,. May, Consist:6oly with the. natieri's Constitu tion, tion and, therefore,; lawfully'and Peacefully,' o ve from'the. Union Wit Milli the Consent . of the, Union; s orof soy other State. . Tbelittle disguise that.the Suppesed right 15'1 to be exercised.only for just cause, themselves to be the sole judge , nf its Justfee, IS too thin to' merit any notice. ,With.rebellion, thus' stigar. 'coated. they. have been., droggirig 'Alta publii. iniod of their section for . more that! thirty years and urititaf length' they have :broire,ht %Many good 'Men willingness te., : tak,.up: arms' against the Gevcratnehe the day atter' some; as. .se.mblage.of men have enacted Alie. farcical Pro tease of. taking their Siete 0nt...0r the Uhler!, who .could have been brought 10 no such ',thing the daY. before - . •-, ' This • sanhilern derives much, perbaps., the Whole; of its currency from the assumption that there ii'sOme' ornnipoicnt :, and sacred 'eu rn pres. ey pertaining to .a State—to each Stale •of our Federal Union. .otir States have •neithermore . nor less power than that...reserved to 'theses ' In the Gnian by 'Thu Constitution, no one of them ever haying been a.Siate ()pi at The ort4tnarcuyai' p'es Ned' intci a 'U nion even before.theyeast,oll their . fliitish'riironiel peridence,-.and the new ones came.iMo ion directly from o conditionof dependence, ex cepting Texas; and' even- Texas, its:tempo rary indeiiendence, wits never `designated is a' State . The new onetronlY took the designation of States_onceming into the Union ; •While.-that !lathe:was tirat adopted' fer:old ones in :and by the Declaration of Independence... Therein the united colonies were declared to,befroe States: ' But . .even'titen the :object 'plainly was-not to declaretheir indaneudenctrof one .anotber-of-the Union, but ditectlY the: con trary; as their mutual pledge and their.. mutual' action before, at the titne i and afterward, abun dantly show:. The' express: plighting of faith by each - and . of . .the original thirteen: ,States in the articles of confederation tWo.years'htter, that the Union shall be. Perpetual, is most con clusive; having never been Stites either lir sub-. stance or in name outaide'of the Union.. Whence ibis Magical utrioipotenee•of State , Aights,-as carting uelaitn of poWer : to • lawfully destroy,. theMnion itself? 'Much . is, said about the • Roy. , ereignty . of. the .States, btit.the word even is net Vational .constitntion,.por,:as is.believed In' any . * the Statedonstitations.- - • - - What is a sovereignty . in -the'political sense of the terml•: ; WOultl . it be far wrong .: to define a . P9liiiFal commu nity without a political 'periort Tested by . this no one or our, States; except Texas,. was 'sovereignty, and *even Texas gave up the. eharacter on' coming 'into' the. Union, by which:act she acknowledged the Constitution of th.. United States, and :the laws and treaties - bi . the-United Stores-in pursuance of the. Constitutioti;.ro be for her the supreme law, The States,live their 'status in the Union,, and dhey. ha ve'tio other legal ,status. '' lf. they break fiOrn:this they . can only dose' ugamst.law and'hy revOlution.. • • The- Union, and not •thernselvei . separately,' procured their independence and -their liberty by conquestor . purchuse; the Uiiion gave each' .of thei ' whatever of indepentlenee and liberty it has.. The Union is 'older than any of the Stiti.es,and in tact it Created them as States.-- Originally some dependent -colonies made the Union; and turn the , Union threw off their old, dependence for thetn and'inede theni Slates, such as they.ate:• .Not one of them over State Constitution independent of the Union. 'Of course it is not forentten that all the 'neW States- formed their Constitution before they entered the Union',neveitheless dependent up on arid preparsteiy to coming into the- Union. ,Unquestionnbly the Stafes.have the.powers and rights reserved to thorn in and by the National' Constitution, • but among thee surely..are.- not included all conceivable' powers, however mis chievous or destructiver E but at moat such only na'were known in the world at the . . .time as GoVernmental powers; •und certainly a 'power to destroy-1110 Government:itself had never bier' known us a Governmetafi\ As' n' merely adritinistrative power, ibis relative molter. of national power and State s rights, es a principle,' is no other than the principle of generality and locality. Whatever concerns,tbeWhole should he, confined to the whole Get ral Government, while whatever concerns onliThe.State should be left exelusively, to'the State. • This is all there ionf prineipleahout it. Whether the National Constitution, in de;. , finingboundaries bet Ween the two, has riPplied the principle witheract accuracy, is not to be questioned. We are 'all bound , by; that defining without question. What is iiirtkr"combatted, is the position that Seceisien.le cptisistent with the Constituticin-L-is.lavvful andit'eiteeful..lt-is not contended 'that there -is is. express law 'for it, and nothing should ever:l4.lhplied as law ,which leads to'utijustor ttheitid consequences. The nation purchased with:Meney the countries' out.of which several of these Stitiswere form ed. Is it lust thattheyshotild go off without leave, andwithontrefunding?•The nation paid very large .earns in the aggregate--4 helieve pearlYiLhundred • millione.—to.reliove Florida_ 'of the aboriginal tribes. • • • .. Is it just that she shall now- be 'o ff without consent or without - a ny return? The nation' is now in debtfor money applied to the benefit of • these SO-called .seceding- Staleb . ,•itr . ,cornmon With the reet;. Is it just either that, creditors unpaid;.; or the'rOmaining l States pity the. whale? A part. of the 'preseti t national ';dept was.,t Ontracted to.PaY the pld debte Of Teise. • Is it just. that she sholl4eavearid prti'y no part of this herself?. Again, if onti l Statir rutY4tfoOdO so, ' may anotherr and, when:Sß:Shall' hisver:SeCeded; none is lift to pay iike debte....4 this,quittsilisC to creditors?'Did we notify, them, or this , '„stige, view of ours when we beromed :,th'eoiirseney? • ~ ~., :ii ' .-Zii, A:el'`.;ll.tilj' . '..! '';' -,,.' ,6ii,iii4qlit*tt. '; ...:,. 'A e5,.,X 4 ; 1r 'ri4, 4 ~41,11 il '''' ''''. ' . ,r, fk',ll'l.:oA.Q`4' rW*YII E,74 ,-,1\:7 .'...1' ~..T.' T,i.,14. ticil,tq; '•,':.' '....e.,'''' '' ' .'ii,,,.k.:4•.':2,•,‘,...,', ..,',..:•`:•-• ,_ 3.•;.";::::;•••,`Ii•M'•', ;',, •• ''••• "...',l-,' ,ii'i,:"i•vl.',,,,,i••'''N2•••,:l. 2'''.' •'' • ~.- a.• ').,4%.??,,•••• -;•(.1 ,!....'lll7P,'•!;', •••3'''" \ . _,, , . .:"' ' ''' _ •, If we now, recognize this thaetrtne L he 16,) _Ot t , the seceders to go idlihace, whht we can do it• oibirti vit49 ll o tort terms upon which they wM p 7601444: main. ° `The stecedars insist 'that our Contitlft s itkiit admits of secesiion" They havisisistit. make a;National Constitution of thett, r ovrikiii: Which, of.necessity r lbey haveoithiedisetOdlldh or retained the right of secessio,l l ; l6- .0411.061 it exists in our'., It they 13a . Aigesoo4l , they thereby: admit that, on principle; It ought not to exist in uurs; if they, have revile/1C " by their own construction ot ours that, to be cOnsistent, they must Secede feser:, one another - whenever they shill and it** . easiest way of settlthg their debtsorAktioll any other selfish or unjust c4ijeet. "' The Principle itself lioness( dlainfegratl e tie; ,; and - upon which' 'no government pesk!Obik,"l'h, endure.. if 'lithe /n Statesye eqe", nhotald'utiiireet. the power td drive thet onst:Siut Itb,n4Ltitliliti-,'; it Is , presumed . the' whole clue Ot 40(14 ; 4i:oh. iticinne Would at ence:deny the tiounce .the' act as the granted Atit41111",:'10011'.1,. Stites rights, 'But leppeae anti!' pisi,eliislittaki , ;. same.act,,instead of being.ealletdrivinisbnnttn-:'.;.'' out should be'ealle'd he seceding oflbs,sitheito froM'that it would ' be exactly ; seceders claim to it; miles. 'ln - ireedA4y.mike the. point thatt he one, beeituie 'it„is; m inority may rightfully what the Others; liecitiiithey'i are a majority, may nat rightfully do; 'nein pOl it lelau II ' are subtile' and, Otifepeeln the 'rights of minprities They ire nntfpeithil. to the power , :which ' - made the ConitiincioN Ind ipeaks from the.preamble people.” It • may well : be. ipleinintied';'*ltether there to-day a majority of the ,qOllllll. ed voters of any State .'exCept,'perhispe e Souto. Carolina, in favor of Disunion. There' is much rotten Co believerthee the, Union; nye, the • majority in nnny, If not in eifery.uther Oak, the itocalled Seceded States. ' . • • -• • The contraiy bas not been . deinonitrited any one ofthem. It is ventUred - toStilllriri, Ibis ' even of illrginla s end Tenneseee,. fiat, tfin .I'4ol , of an. election held .'in military' campe; Where • the boyoneti are all on oils side of ihe questiOni voted upen,,cin edarcely, bi considered'. al de monutrated popular sentiment, ,At siieb an election 1111 that large deed who ere at:epee fir • thelDnion, arid agoinsreoerCion,frould ed to vote against the Union. It may bendlimed without extiavaganee, that•the free institutions w e enjoy have, developed the powers and im proved the condition of, per whole 'people : beyond. any enamPle in the world. Or this We 'new have a striking and.impressive So large en army as thelGovernmenihne ntiw" , ` , ;•• on loot was never' before known WithOnisi lel- dier in it but who has: aken his. place' there or"," his own free choice. But more thattthisitherc are `many single regitnente Whose:, nteenbert u , one and another, poem full:prietieeh,*niret- , , ledge'of all" the arts sciences proftisione, end - , whatever else, 'whether Usefuj,ollk:elfilin4 known in the wh6le Worldf t erid there ii Neva- ..• • ly One. from which there could net'be - selektelia President, a Coiiinet, a , COne.ress, and - perhaps - Ceurt, obundahtly.etimpeteet adminliter , the government • • Nor. do Inarthis Of' al so' true *l in the.aral • , '•• • • . . . . of ring' late friends; 'fie) , Citdverjaries,- - .'fn •flifs contest.' • But it jr:tio mini,kr Oita the . 'resin* Why: the „Government se,hiiikiikconferred:sucki , • beneflis, on 'beth them and' no ,'Osontd noF bs', ',broken op', Whoever . in any sect 4 proposes,' te'aban'don such a Government woult.do welt , to consider in deference 'to wheerprini'Ole 'f; is that he .dires it; sS , hai.beffer'ke . is likef),:tosiet . in its stead; whetbo :the eubstifue wili.giv; or; be intended to Ove; much of good • telbis , • • ..• • - 'There ar e some foiesttadowingkon. ttini,stsh••,. ject.'.'Our adveriaries,,have stiopted . sOrtif r 46.,•• • elalations'of independenie In which, good old one penned by,Teffersop,Otarninit words, inn men are created • rquitl.?•., • They have adopteda totrilitorary National ' . stitution in the , piettrnbical which, onliki ova. *good old one signed by iVashington,' - tbsy'olnit; • "we, 'the penple," and Substituta,'“wa,Vils...:. • Deputlesiof • the: Sovereign. and ladepandlint States:! . Why? . , • , .Why : this denherate prealingoutpf rights of men and the authority of the people? This inaspantially a people's . eonteo; On' tilt, aide of the Union it lea s truggle for maintain . - thg in the world.that fo rm an4.:tubstaocal Government whase'leading ohjeet it itiel . eystes • tits cendition of men,.to lift artificial, from all shoulders, to clear the'insths oflaudible. pursuits for all; to , affortt all an unfettered itik: Anita fair chance . in the riesystlite; . ylehlinigto . partial. 'and iemporary . departitrasloiat )teue,lo-:. ~. • . This is.the leading, object *alba Government. for.whoie'existente•We contend.. "am' wok : i/appyto believethit.the- plein *opt.. under.' . stand and appreciate thi s . :•ltav is'orthy of notsi • • thee whi,le,in the:.Government's botir..of trial; large numbers of thosit.iii the army aid 1.. navynavy.who'bave been favored With office! hive ' resigned, and proved 'false to the . bald which' pampered' them,. ,not one common -Soldier or:, m comon sailor is .known,lo. -have deserted . 'his• flag.. Great honor in dile to those 'oflicors who remained true, 'despite the ex . /lanais of their treacherous associates; but the greatest honor. and the Most imporian irnons _firmness of tlie common eoldiers sod. c -fact .or all, is the ttoirs,` To the last man, io ter as,enown,• 11)4 barei suceesefelly re‘isied 'the traitotout 'efforts thole whose commands, but en hotir betote;thas o . heyecl as 'absolute law... Thie• ratttiatis instinct •of plain people.. They •undasitanti r ••• without en argument ,that ?ha deetrorinitAlk!„', Oovernir en t .Which.Waa. made by • Wsishisigt,*.: means:no good to:them." , Out puNitst'OeNllrllif.'. ment has;often, 'been :called _ an ',experimedl4:44::: T wo points in it, our_ pen* hatie: successful establishing and therinOvrat:ls,4l,::t ministering 'alit ; One iiill4ll 44 l ""lts:Oct ;• e'essful ternal•attempt•t6 overthroiatlt's';'' . „ them to demonstrate to,;Ate,,,:machll who can lairlY earrY an 4 leAtif** [ troth a rebellion; matltipt,qiirC. and peaceful "auteestaare When baliele : hii;e:fairlviliik , coeif decided titaii,can be Wo to tionefPOWA4titai:noA A°, banal ; e ems ! p#oco; lake bY ITari';Totichl,4**POtto!' gianlro of t
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