II 4 V B. F. BCHWEIER, TEE OOXST1TUT10I THE TTJI05 JJTD THE EfTOBOEJfUT OP THE LAT3. Editor anil Proprietor. VOL. XXXVI. MIFFIJNTOWN. JUNIATA COUNTY. PENNA.. WEDNESDAY. MAKCII 29. 1SS2. N ). 2. to THE MIDNIGHT TRAIN. cn Uie luU and brooding- night A flint Die, with Anion light. And breaU ef wraataing- (mute ; Around him whirls the reoling plain. And with a 'ah of grim dllain. Ha claavas tli aundorrd roS. In loot! j swamp th low wind stirs Tba belt of black Itinera fin. That murmnr to th sky. Till startled by his mad career, Thej saeaiad lo keep a hash uf far, As If a god swept by. Through many a dark, wild aeart-of liaatn, O'tr bouming bridges, where beneaia A mighty river brawls; By rains, remnants af the past, Their ivies trembling In the blast ; By singing waiorialls. The siumbYer an his stent bed Turns to the light km lonely head. Divested of lis dream. Long leagues ot gloom are horned o'er. Through tnanel Shaaths, with Iron roar. And shrill, night-rending screain. Past hnddl a; hnu, past living farms. High farnaoa nam, whoa crimson arms Art grappling with the night. He tears along receding lamia, To where the kingly rity stands, Wrapt In a robe of light. Here, round eark wide and gushing gate, A crown ot eager faces wait, And every smile Is known. We thank thee, O, thou Titan train. That In the city once again. We clap onr loved, our own. A SPANISH STORY. The ancieut citv of Aalborg, in Jut land (one of the Danish isles), boasts of "fattigbnus ( almshouse) built upon a commodious plan, and supplied with everything to make its inmates as com fortable as though dwelling in homes of their own. It is supported by an endow ment fuud which covers all expenses. It was erected by a wealthy young mer chant, in 1623; and although the storms of more than two centuries have beat upon its walls, it is still standing,and in good condition. It is one of the show places of Aalborg and a story is connected with it which never fails to interest visitors. Thinking it may prove equally enter taining to those of my readers who may never vihit the quaint old city where the incidents oecured, I will relate it. Imagine a city with three sparkling streams of water running though it, and with houses whose balconies aud win dows seem to be bursting into blossom, so many of them are filled with plant and Aaiborg is at once before yon. The horn? of pretty Mette Jenson was a quaint, picturesque old building, which would catch the eye of a tourist, from its oddity, even in that time of incon gruous architecture. It was surmount ed by a high, peaked roof, and embraced by a" wide, open gallery, which of late, at a certain hour. Lad grown to be much freqnentea by the young mistress of the household. I or Alette was inotherloss.and now that she had grown into a fine girl of sixteen, had been accounted of suffi cient good judgment to be entrusted with the keys of the store-room, from which she dispensed each morning the amount of provisions needed for daily ns a. She was a viry discreet maiden, and her head had not been turned by the admiring looks which were sure to be leveled at her whenever she apeared in the bunv thoroughfare of the old city. But when the time drew near for the handsome young merchant to pass on his way to business, Mette was sun to be where she could exchange a smile and nod with him. And Jens, upon his part, was quite engrossed with the charming picture Mette presented as she stood with one dainty mittened hand resting upon the balustrade, dress ed in her trim bourgeoiae costume of braided velvet jacket, scarlet petticoat aud high heeled shoes with her hair gathered into two heavy braids, and hanging down her back almost to the hem of her skirts. Jens was not of the bourycoisc c'ass; but it is no n ungual thing for caste-prejudices to be bridged over by the power of maidenly charms and as he had fal len an unresisting captive in the train of the capricious boy-god who likes nothing better than to send his shafts into the most unexpected places, he reasoned vi ry sensibly that what had been done once might be again. Upon the morning in which onr story opens, Jens had paused for a moment as he said his gay "good morning" to Mette.and had toss d a bnnch of flowers to her. They missed the grasp of her eager, outstretched hands, and fell upon the floor ol the balcony and as she stooped to pick up the fragrant trea sures another personage appeared upon the scene, looking from one to the other of the preoccupied young people with ill-pleased eyes. It was Kuud Jensen, the crabbed, miserly old man upon whose hearthstone had, strange to say, blossomed so fair a human flc wer as the girl who stood confussed and blushing before him. . "Knowest thou not," he said harshly, that it ill beseems a modest maid to bandy words with every gay gallant that passes her father's house? Off with thee to thy room, where I soon will follow and give thee a lesson thou wilt long remember." Alette" cheeks rivaled the red carna tions in her lover's bouqnet as her father 8oke,and she fled from the spot in dire distress and shame at being thus ad dressed before the young merchant Jen stood for a moment looking in dignautly in the direction in whioh she had dispieared. Then with a sudden impulse he turned toward the old man, w ho, leaning upon his sticK, regarded him with a saidonic smile upon his thin lii. Jens was too shrewd a tactician to injure ihe cause he had to plead, by letting his hot anger bubble up to the surface and overflow in cutting words. So he dofled his velvet cap with re spectful gesture, and bowed his head in low obeisance. May I crave speech with you for few moments? I will not detain you long," he asked. Kuud looked at him in silent surprise. What could the young merchant want of him? he who dealt in the ctlcJ fabrics of the loom, surely did not need T.n !.;. rk'nnil'i.1 last C0XZ3 of salted fish. It did once enter his mind that Jens coveted a far richer treasure, 101 the old man looked upon Mette as a mere child; and when he found that Jens had come to him with a proposal of mariage for hi daughter, he was not c srtain that he was in his right senses. At last he said gruffly: -A fine husband you'd make for my girl! Why, man, are you crasy? . Tar from it." answered Jens, subdu ing a strong inclination to laugh at Kind's surprise. "I never clearer headed, neyer more .in earnest, in my life. If you will give tout erettv Mette. to me, I promise I'll take the best care oi her. Now, J sns was the richest young man in Aalborg, and Kuud knew it But he was also very free with his monisy, and that was not in accordance with the old man's views. Still, he hardly tound it in uu neart to turn his back upon such a wealthy son-in-law, so he said: - aou u a say -ies, what provision will you make for my dangher? For one who is such a spendthrift as thon art, will surely end his diys in the alms house." 'So answered Jens, with unruffled good humor, "you wish to secure my wife from going there with me? Well. that is as it should le,and I will settle the A pot Ink belonging to me upon her. and also a snug sum of money in addition to it the very day we are married!" The A pot Ink cf which he spoke was a very large and handsome structure, finished in the style of the Renaissance, aud had cost an enormous uumber of rix dollars. It was the wonder as well as the admiration of Jens' towns people, and was the show building of the piace. Kuud had it in his mind when he made his ungracious answer: for to him it seemed the height of folly and extrava gance to waste so mnch money upon the carrying out of an idea. hat matttered it, he thought, if the foundations were firm, and the walls sightly, whether or not one part was in the style of one cen tury, and the rest of another. It was mere nonense, this talk about harmony of detail and of design. Thus had he talked about the Apothck all through the time of its erection, and also had animadverted with equal frank ness about the owner. It almost took hi breath away from sheer surprise to now hear this generous oflVr of Jens' to settle it upon his Mette his little girl, whom he had hardly thought capable (until very lately) of managing his own frugal household, and that too under his sharp and constant scrutiny. At last he said: "If Mette proves to be oi the une mind with regard to you as you declare yourself to be about her, I will not say 'nay' to the marriage. But yon will do well to take heed to my advice and hold the purse strings a trifle tighter. "So as not to reach the goal you so kindly predicted," interpolated Jens. "Thank, you. I'll fcy hard to disap paint you in that particular. When may I see Mette?" Call to-morrow, say abont this time, and I'll arrange the interviews unless the child says nay to your proposal." 'Jen's face lengthened visibly. He had hoped tc have one more glimpse of the sweet, shy face which had so en chanted him on this very morning; but, thankful at having gained Knnd's con ditional promise, he wisely forbore to tarry and press for a sight of his lady love sooner than the specifitd time so he went his way. That night his dreams proved to be a strange cmponnd of pleasure and of pain. Mette's blooming face smiled at him for a moment, then was lost amid a crowd of older, pallid, sorrow marked visages clad in the high-crowned caps, and sad-hued garments which composed the costume ot those unfortunates who had been forced by poverty to accept the tardy and cold chanty meted out to their class by the city government. So when he sought the preseuce of her he loved upon the following day, it was ith a strange undercurrent of sympa thy for Lis suffering fellowbeings, which was a new elemeut in his prosperous, easy-goir.g life. Old Knud's words had opened up a train of thoucht in his mind which was destined to bear fruit at no distant day. But he was too wise to broach it nntil he had gained the treasure he coveted. Then, when Mette was his wife "to have and to hold for richer or poorer'' all the days of his mortal life he said to her. "Hast ever thought, my Mette, what a sad thing it would be to have neither home nor friends, and to be poor and dependent upon charity for the very bread which is to sustain life. Mette's round eyes grew wide with surprise at hearing such words from the hps of her husband he who was the soul of gayety an i fun whose laugh ever lang out the merriest among his companions, and whose talk usually abounded in jests and witticisms. Jens drew her pretty face towards him and kissed btr rosy lips. "Do not look so startled, my own," he continued, smilingly. "1 am not about to say any thing to sadden you. But the truth is, when I asked your father for a gift of this little hand, he said something which nnt new ideas in my head. What do you think it was? Why, that I was a fit subject for an almshouse because of my extravagance, uan it ie mat an uioe unfortunates who are now reduced to such penury as to depend npon ethers fnr a hvin? have been reared in afflu ence, and have been brought to their present state by being free-handed and liberal with their means?" Mette looked troubled, but said noth- innr "If so," he went on, "how sad a life it must be from luxury to stint! Mette, darling, how would it please you to have me erect a nice home for the poor, and see that it is furnished comfortably and stocked with good wholesome provi sions, we ire o nappy oan, us try to make others share ju Mette. though a wife, was in years but a child; and she had not pnt aside small things. So she clapped her hand Tuat will be just lovelyl" she ex claimed, '-and I will visit the old people (for such sort are alTays old), ana pour ont their tea and coffee with my own hands." "yes," said Jens, delighted at her in nocent enthusiasm, "and twice in the vear we will make preparations for a grand feast, and will have the best mu sicians in tne city w v - -ir,mal. of the homes we are to build shall be our guests. " So Miser Knud's bitter words had an influence of which he littlj dreamed when he uttend them, lor dens c.. .. i l...f A fcannv davit out nis piau 10 iuc i," r , must have been to the world-buffeted aouls who found a home within the hospitable walls of tne comfortable alms 1 i i t . n.nT and matro- house erecteo. vj r" ; , . . . i . How their n zed "J ni B" - , , wrinkled faces must have beamed at sight of her fresh young loveliness, and at the sound of her tender voiee address ing them in words of sympathy! would be a subject worthy the pencil of an artist. Virginia's state debt is 821.493,- 782. Illinois possessess 8,241 mi'es of railroad. A Soen la Inland. At tbe usual tortnubtly petty sejtions held recently at Dublin the presiding magistrates oeing uol. Stuart and T. D. W ilson three y.ning men named Cornell aod a man named Sena were charged with havir-g murderously assaulted a process server named Sheedy. Patrick aheedy deposed that he resided at Idrrick on-auir, and was process-server. On Thursday, the 29th of December hut. he got a number ot writs to servo on the tenants of Mr. bcally. The writs were for rent due. In the discharge of that duty he proceeuej to uauyneal, and served some of the tenants with writs. while you were serving these writs did anything hippen to youl" 'Yes." "What was it?" "I had them all served but two one fur Bin. Shea and another. I got as far as feud s nrute, aud as 1 entered tbe farm buiae, Shea, the prisoner, met me. He said: "Sheedy, I never thought I would see you at this dirty work.' " "Did anythiog hapien to you then?" "Yes; 1 heard voices in tbe kitchen, and 1 became frightened, and, turning, ran; but before 1 got iO yards 1 was seized by three or four persona and dragged back into the kitchen." "Were tbe writs taken from youf" "Yes." "After you were taken to the kitchen did anything happen to you?" "Yes I was knocked down on tbe broad of my back, and several parties shouted, snove tne writs down bis throat.' " "Can you say if the prisoners were the parties who shouted, Shove them down bis throat?' "1 was loo terrified to know who did it." "Were the prisoners there at all?" "Yes; they were all in the kitchen.'' "You say that you were knocked down in tbe kitchen. When you were down did anything happen to you?" "Yea." "What!" "As soon as they shouted, Shove the writs down his throat.' I pleaded for mercy but It was no use, and one of the party stuck a writ into my mouth, and I was beid down until I swallowed it." They made you s willow the wnlt " "Yes; Shea's writ." Did any of the prisoners take part in Ik'-sP 'It was not they that that shoved tbe writ down my throat, but they assisted in hoMiog me while it was being pushed down mv throat. H Did you swallow more than one writ! " "1 was kept down until I swallowed the other." "Did you get any water to wash them downr" Laughter. "Yes: after I swallowed the first writ somebody said to give me a drink of boil ing water, ana alter th.il 1 got some duly water to drink. " "And alter you g A the water they made you swallow the seood writt " "les, sir." "Did anything else happen to youf "Yes; 1 was cuffed and beaUn, and threatened that if I was ever caujbt at such dirty work again I would not get off so easily, and just as 1 was going out ot tbe kitchen running, a kettle of boiling water wae thrown after me, but it did not do me any harm." "Had you to prjTiise that you would never again go writ serving!" Ihad." Mac Irirht. A ISew York correspondent the other evening caught Robert J. Burdette, of tbe Burlington Jlaxvkey, in the ante-room at Chickering Hall, just before going upon the stage with his funny lecture. "A b!" be exclaimed, with a tremendous inspira lion. Well, hut I am glad you have come. Now talk to me! Talk to me" and he continued waUing up and down tbe fi x after shaking bands. "What's the matter What ails you? What do you mean?" 1 said: "Are yon rehearsing? Have I interrupted you? Do you want to be alone. "N. 1 i o!" he exelaimed eagerly, walk ing up to Die; "don't leave me. Dont go away " "What on earth is the matter?" I asked, "Scared!" he laid with a qnerrelous laugh. Then I laughed. "You don't be lieve me. It's Hue, though. I m afraid to go on the stage," Pshaw, man:" I said. Why you are joking. You have lectured for years." "Yes teventy-flve times this winter but it don't make any difference. I have to go through this absurd experience every time. There's no getting used to it." How does it make you feel?,' "Feel? Light as a cork. If I were outside 1 could fly right over this building. Honestly and seriously, if I knew I had to die to-nigh: I should pray that the Lord would take me just before 1 went on the stage." Many have the same experience. Thai's some satisfaction," I suggested, "if misery loves company." , "Yes," he said, "I told Beecher about my troubles, and he said, "I can teil you one thing for your consolation; you'll never get over it. I suffer every time I go before an audience, and am afraid of my own congregation,' But his experience doesn't give much comfort." "Does your fear vanish when you get on the stage?" "So; it lasts some time, usually. 1 poke around among tbe audience for a familiar face, and when I find a friend 1 lecture riuht at him ajd don't notice any body else! Gough tells me that he die the same thing. He says he often finds himself talking to some sympathetic and responsive little group in one corner, tell ing bis stories to them aloue, as if they were in a little room together." He looked at his watch. "It's most time to go on the itage. If it wss respect able I would run away. Tbe notion of feigning sickness often comes over me s it does over school-boys who want to play hookey. Are you my jailor?" looking up t a gentleman in a swallow tail who seemed waiting for him. "Yes; you have four minutes yet." Can't 1 get a reprieve?" asked the cul prit forcing a gnm smile. 'Xot this evening. Any ether evening, lou remind me of Theodore Tilton. Wben he appeared here, though he had lectured ive hundred times, be was so frightened that we couldn't get bun on the stage for a long while. The hall filled up, the audi ence clamored, and be hesitating to face them, walked up and down his room, deaf to our entreaties, washing his hands with invisible soap in imperceptible water, fi nally we got him through the door at half past eight." I told Burdette that Wendell Phillips assured me once that he had bad similar experience; then I slipped aroond inte the orchestra. Tbe lunny man came on the stage, began m a tremulous voice, and his troubled eve wandered over the great au dience till he found friends, with whom he quietly settled down and mass oimscii at home. Company Manners. ill you please ait Uownaud wait a few momenta till mother cornet' said a bttle girl to two ladiss who cainto see her mother. "And will you give me a glass of water, Martha?" asked one of the ladies; "I am very thirsty." "With pleasure," answered jiartha, and she presently came back with two goblets of water on a small waiter, which she passed to both ladies. "Oh, thank you." said the other lady "yon are very thoughtful." "You are quite welcome," said Martha very sweetly. When Martha went ont of the room, one of the ladies said "This little girl is one of the loveliest children I ever met How sweet and obliging her manners are!" Let us go into the next room and see. Martha took the water back into the dinring room. "Me drink! me driuk!" cried little Bobby, catching hold of his sister's dress and screwing up his rosy lips. "Got out Bob!" cried Martha; "go to Bridget," "Dont speak so to your little brother." said Bridget. "It is none of your busi ness what I say," cried Martha, tossing oack her head. "Martha!" That is grandmother sai ling from the top of the stairs. "What! screamed Martha, back. "Please come here, dear," said grandma. "I don't want to," mutteied Martha. She, ho ever, dragged herself up stairs, Unwilling feet yon know, find it hard to climb. "Martha," said grandma, "will you find my specks? I am pretty sure I left them in the dinning room." "Xo, you didn't," cried Martha, in a cross, con tradictory tone; "you always lose them up here," and she rummaged round the chamber, tumbling things over like the north wind. "No matter," said the dear old lady seeing she would have much to do to put tilings to rights, "no mattcr,Martha; they will come to hand," and she quiet- ty pnt down the newspaper for by-and by. Martha left her and went down stairs with a pout. Oh, tLiar! where are Martha's civil, obliging manners? Why, those are her company manners. - She puts them on in the parlor,and pots them off when she leaves the parlor. She wears them e fore visitors, and hangs them np when they are gone. You see she has no manners at home. She is cross and disobliging and rude and selfish. - She forgets that home is the first place to be polite in. A True IncldeaU A few hours after it was known that Virginia bad seceded from the Union a citizen ot Norfolk had collected a few val uables and sailed for the .North. He went to Hastings, on the Hudson, and establish ed bis family in a cottage which he rented for a hundred dollars a year. Either from choice or necessity, their style of liviug was modest and tbey did not seek society, the latter, perhaps, because tbey were not welcomed by their neighbors. We all know what was the stale of the public mind in tbe Spnng and auinmerof 1861 and with what suspicion Southern refugees were regarded. Tbey niig.it have lost everything by devotion to the Union, or they might be spies aul incendiaries. Who could tell? That a man was from tbe .South insured him the strictest scrutiny and deepest distrust. Little was known of this particular family; but this may have served to sharpen the eyes of tbe watcher. Two facts were speedily ascertained; cne, that tbe head ot the household was fre quency autent from Hastings; the other, lb at, wben at borne, his favorite pastime was walking upon the Croton Aqueduct. Both were seized upon as of evil omen. To be sure, it may be difficult for us to see why, as nothing was known of his ab sence and the Aqueduct was a favorite promenade for old and young, as who that Has livid upon the eastern bank of the Lower Hudson does not know? Still,the fact that tbe gray haired stranger followed the custom of the oldest resident wae the cause of a general alarm. A rumor had started, and was whispered by old ladies over ther lea, ad by young as tbey knit ted on tbe unfailing soldier a scks, which were to the girls then what high art em broidery and feather edge braid are now. The rumor was this: The stranger was an emissary of the Southern Government. His business was the blowing up of the Croton Aqueduct, and tne producing of a water famine in Ac w York His frequent absences were to consult with his collea gues. His walks, to make needful obser vations aud arrange his plans. Tbe suggestion was lrightful, and im mediately the innocent old man assumed, in the eyes of tbe villagers, tbe character of a monster, lbe popular excitement had reached a high point, when one morn ing a fresh discovery was made, in the highest tree in a neighboring grove was a glittering something. W but could it be? So one knew; but it glittered, and that was a sure sign that it was eviL Again rumor took shape. It was a signal con nected with that diabolical plot. The tuns bad come for tbe destruction of the Aqua duct and the thirty thousands ot Sew York were to be ieft without drink. This talr reached the ear of the pastor of one of tbi village churches. With sle.'n resolution, he took bis gun and sallied forth. '1 hh thing should not goon. That signal should be destroyed. Let us hope that his preach ing was as good as bis marksmanship, for the glittering offender was soon laid low and Ihe valiant defender of his country re turned lo his study, doubtless with a joy ous heart and approving conscience. So mueb history relates; but it neglects to chrjnicle his leelings when, a day or two after, Dr. Draper was heard inquiring who had been so unkind as to destroy the lest he had, with much trouble, arranged for lbe glasses of a new teleto jpe. Sor does history record tbe thoughts of lbe sorely alarmed villagers when, a few months later, they learned that their much suspected visitor was a naval ofiisv-r of hfe long standing; that even as a boy he had distinguished hiuuel in his country's ser vice; that his absence had been caused by visits to vrashinirton; and that he had re ceived his commission as commander of the' flaet in the Gulf of Mexico; that in short, he was Admiral Farragu:. Kew York claims a population of 1,500,000. Forty-one counties of Iowa do not owe a cent. In ew York city last year 38,621 persona died. There are now pending before Con gress 2,183 bills. The Caxsou mint coined last month $198,000. LlUhar'a Marrlag. A friend in sending ns a German "scrap," says: "It is sent Ly a person al friend (from Frankford on the Main), attached to a fair wood cut of octavo page, from some serial, ss T snppose, but the picture shows good composition on the part ol the artist, the group hai Luther and Catherine knetliny, as its central effect. As I never studied the German language (to my great regret) I have only arrived at the general sense of the article. But this occurred to me The description if even not new as to facts, may still be a new recast of an old subject, and so the scrap will pos sess interest for all Lutherans." The German scrap which onr accotn plished correspondent sent us, contains an account of Luther's marriage, taken front Dr. Koestlin's celebrated Life of Luther. Although that book is in the hands of many of onr readers, and others may soon procure it in English transla tions, and the facts given may be found in other biographies of Luther, it may interest some of onr readers if we here with furnish a free translation: When Catherine von Bora escaped from the convent she found a home in the house of Jieichenbach, city clerk ot Wittenberg, who treated her like a fa ther. Luther invited the painter Lucas Kranach and his wife, Dr. A pel, pro fessor of jurisprudence, Bugenhaaen, and Justus Jonas, to meet him at Beich enbach's house, on the evening of Jnne (3, 1525. Before these witnesses he was married to Catherine. They were spe cially selected for this purpose from the number of his friends. Bugeuhageu and Jonas were the foremost clergymen of Wirttenberg; Kranach was one of its most distinguished citizens, and promi nent office-bearers; Dr. Apel, a profesor of law, and especially canon law, who had accepted the Gospel, and who had also married a nnn. It may be that Kranach and his wife sustained special relations to Catherine, and mar have had something to do with the betrothal. "Doubtless Dr. Bugenhagen called npon Lnfcher and Catherine to say 'yes' in the customary way, and then pro nounced them man and wife. The ques tion was put in that ancient form which occures in Luther's marriaga service: Hans will you have Greta for your wed ded wife?' In regard to the rings which were exchanged on this occasion we have no certain data. "Upon the union thus formed a solemn blessing was pronounced in the church at a regular public service. This was J the way in which the church at that time took full part when a man and a woman entered into a state of matri mony. Luther's marriage therefore was consummated in strict conformity to the usage of the church. A formal, public marriage festival was held on the 27th of June, so as to give au opportunity to invited friends who lived at a distance." Here then we have first, the marriage in the house, by Dr. Bugenhagen; se condly, the pnblio recognition of it in, and by the church, by a solemn invoca tion aud benediction, at a pnblic service; and thirdly, a marriage festival, dinner. supper, or reception, to which many friends were invited. Surely no one could say that Dr. Mar tin Luther and Catherine von Bora were not properly and fullv married! Buaataa Mbtiu. Exiles began to be sent to Siberia soon after ita discovery, about the mid dle of the seventeenth century. The first Czar who sent exiles there was Alexander Michaelovich in 1658. It was not at that time regarded as a punish ment in itself, bnt as a means of getting criminals, who had already been pun ished, ont of the way. The Ruosian criminal code was then incredibly cruel and barbarous. Men were hanged and beheaded for crimes which would not now be regarded as capital in any coun try; they were flogged, branded and mutilated and suspended in the air by hooks passed nnder two of their ribs until they died a lingering and miser able death. After undergoing all these pinialimenta but death itself. Siberian exile was resorted to as a quick and easy method of disposing of criminals. The criminal code has since been ame liorated, and the progressive develop ment of Siberia itself gradually brought about a change in the view taken of exile to that country, and the Russian government now looks npon it as a means of populating and developiug a new and prosperous part of its territory. At the close of the seventeenth century several ukases' were issued abolishing personal mutilation and substituting banishment to Siberia. In the eigh teenth century the great mineral and agricultural resources of Siberia iteelf began to attract the serious and earnest attention of the Russian government. Exile as a punishment began to extend to a large number of crimes which had previously been punished in other ways desertion from the army, assault with intent to kill, and vagrancy, wnen the vagrant was unfit for military duty. In 1762 permission was given to all individuals and corporations owning serfs to hand them over to the local au thorities for banishment o Siberia when ever they chose. Capital punishment was abolished in Ttnssia in 1753, and all criminals who would formerly have been condemned to death were condemned to perpetual exile with hard labor in Silw ria. In the reign of Catherine IL, the demand for laborers in Siberia b more and more imperative by reason of the discovery of the important mines of Ekaterineburz. and again the list of rime was lengthened which sent offen ders to Siberia. - Jews were exiled for refusing to pay taxes, peasants for cut ting timber without permission, and army officers for minor offences. Exiles were then furnished with good seed, ag ricultural implements and horses to en able them to begin life anew as farmers. And in the present century the exile sys tem has undergone a gradual and steady amelioration. The I1 features which coi'tained cruelty have been done away with; the arrangements for the transpor tation of exiles have been RgulaWd and improved; houses have been built for their accommodation aloug the road compulsory labor in the mines has been restricted for the most part to criiniuals whom we would imprison for life or hang; flogging with the knout has long been abolished; fetters and chaios je scarcely ever seen, and npon the occasion of every new Emperor thousands of exiles have been wholly pardoned. At present men and women are sent in exile for all kinds of crime, from mur der to larcency, and from twenty years with hard labor, which is the maximum sentence, down to simple banishment for four years. The severer sentences involve the deprivation of all civil right. forfeiture of all property, which descends to the criiniunl's heirs as though he was dead; and the severance of all family relations, unless his family voluntarily accompanies him to his place of abode. If a criminal's wife and children choose to go with him tbey are allowed to do so, and the Uovernmcut furnishes them with transportation, if nat, the autho rity of the criminal over his family cea ses with the exile. Exiles can only be sent to Siberia now by courts, after due trial in accordance with law. From 1827 to 1357 the number of exiles sent across the Ra sian border was 250,755, of whom 25,410 were women; 33 per cent, were exiled for vagrancy, one fourth of them for burglary and 14,000 for murder, and homicide. One would think to read the articles written to day on the subject that nearly all the exiles were sent there for political reasons, and that they weie ''high born men and women." Such is not the case. Of the 160.000 sent iu the twenty rears men tioned, only 413 were exiled for politi cal offenses, and of the small number nearly two thirds were nobles, whieh would seem to show that tbe common people are little disturbed by the poli tical offenses. About 1,000 exile escape every year aud return to Russia, early 12,000 persons are exiled an nually; less than one per cent, are po litical exiles, the remainder being com mon felons; on'y eight per cent, are condemned to hard labor, the rest bting simply banished as free colonists. Every 1,000 men are accompanied by over 900 women and children, who go voluntarily at the government's expense. All the exiles ar ce.it to the fertile zone of South Siberia, in plaocs which lie one or two degrees south of their native towns. A criminal, therefore, has rather a better home than before he was exiled. The celebrated convict settlement of Nerchinsk, lies eight degrees south of St Petersburg, aud fourteen degrees south of Moscow, and corresponds in latitude almost to that of Berlin. It is not true that the exiles are sent to a bleak, desolate, uninhabited Arctic waste. Take for instance the Siberian province of the Trans-Balkan which con tains two of the largast of the exile mi ning settlements the mines of Ner chinsk and the mines of Kara. It has an area of 10,000 square miles and a population of 130,000 of which, 10C, 00U are Russians. It has 677 towns, vil lages and settlements.and 334 churches and places of worship. The inha bitants own 130,000 horses, 24O,t)O0 cattle, 450,000 sheep and 3,500 camels. In one year there were grown 300,000 bushels of grain and 7,000 pounds of tobacco. Conditional Claaaea. It was a Third-avtnue street car, and he was a new driver. Wbat did you ;op for I" inquired the conductor. "Begorra, sir, and doesn't the notice up there in the car say lbe driver shall sthop whin be sees a gintlemen raising his band above his bead f ' Wbv. you blockhead, he never raiied bis hand tc stop the car; he is only holding on to the awning rope. "Sure, an the none doesn t ray what he should be holding n; his hai for." "Oh, drive on, rat," "Divd a bit will I dnve oa; the notice doesn't say I shall drive." 'But I say you muu "Out wid ve, ye spalpeen I The notice says 1 shall sthop if 1 see a gintlemen raise his band ubive bis head, but niver once did it y 1 should start on sain. Go radc tbe notice yerself." "But don I you see you are blocking the line up!" "Aisv, now I Aisy, now: Its not nie- aiif that will be disobeyin the rules on me first trip." Acd so conscien'ious was Pat in the discharge of his duty that a policeman had to drag him off to the station, while tbe conductor drove tbe car to the stables. There must be so ne conditioaal clauses to that notice. KalM Your Own Flub. By attaching a pump, piopeHed by the wind to a well, you can supply a basin from fifty to sevtnty-Cve feet in diameter acd six to eight feet deei, with water suf ficient to raise several tboutand carp or other fish. The cost of this pond and ap- purlenancej ntei not exceeu fifty dollars. the bot'om and sides need to be cemented thoroughly. When the basin is complete place in it a small quantity of brush or floating weeds. If you intend to raise carp, do not place other nsn ot a preda tory character in the pond. The spawning wul occur dining tbe apring months. the remote lajin; from 60,000 to 600,000 eggs. The eggs will adhere to whatever they touch, and will scou hatch. The green scum ef a p rtially stagnant pond is fine food food for the young fia'i. Mud in the bottom of the pond isbtn ficial. Tbe fish will feed readily ou kitcben-gsrden refuse, such as babbige, leeks, lettuce, hominy or other substances. Vt alar seldom becoimw too warm for these fish. During freezing weather tbey bury themselves in the mud at tbe bottom oi the pond. While is ibis condition tbey shon d not be disturbed. In a pond of of the given dimensions several thousand fish have annually been taken if weeds acd grass grow profusely abcut tbe borders of tbe poud. so much better tor the fish. In two years time you can have an abundant and constant supply of sport and !ood, snd the advantage of a ond to assist in beautifying your home. 1 mtLTlmm taa Putemkin assembled all the troops uf the empire along the route her majesty was to travel He ordered great public works to be commenced, at which the workers toiled day and night; he repair ed the dilapidated mansions o'. the nobility at the places she was to sleep, garnishing them at his own eapense with the richest furniture, and even present ing their owners with plate Mid linen, that Catherine might be impressed with the wealth and prosperitv of the domin ions under his care. Crowds of people were deported from the outlying pro vinces and brought to iine tbe route and hurrah as Catherine drove past; there after they were hurried forward to greet her with a similar welcome at a later stage of the journay. "I thought," said ahe, "that I was coming to a desert,but here I find the true springs of my em pire in all their vigor and activity." By fetes, pyrotechnic displays, each one of hieh cost 40,000 roubles, splewdid hospitalities such as only the imagina tion of Potemkiu eould conjure, he turn ed tbe royal progress which was to work his discomfiture into a series ef tri umphs. At Kief her majesty embarked to sail down the Dnieper as far as Kay dak, where the thirteen cataracts begin, rendering navigation impossible for a space of sixty vtrsts. The distance her majesty had to sail was 430 versts; and the bed of this part of the river Fotem- kin had levelled at an enormous ontlav of mousy. A magnificent fleet of fifty galleys, the rooms of which were hung with silk, each ship having on board an orchestra of twelve musicians, carried Catherine and her suite dowu the river. Thq banks of the Dnieper were dotted with cities, towns, villages and hamleto, which had grown np as Jonah's gourd to disappear as quickly. In many cases the distant buddings were simply sham fronts facing the river. Th wharves of the towns were littered with hnge bales labelled "Silk." etc. but which, when pierced, were found to contain straw; shopkeepers iu bona fide townshios were ordered to pack np their stock-in- trade and bmlu it round the doors. At Kay dak, where she disembarked, Potem sin conducted the caorina to a large mansion which had just been built; be hind it lay an English carden. iuto which, says S?gnr, "the magic Prince Potemkin hfd caused trees of extraor dinary size to be planted a- cheering prespeet, varied by wood, waters and dowers." Here her majesty reviewed the troops forty -five squadrons of cavalry and a numerous body of infantry all newly armed and equipped. From the town, also, the deluded lady wrote to her ministers in St Petersburg, ex pressing her satisfaction with the condi tion and prosperity of Potemkiu 's Gov ernment, adding, "I beg you will tell this to the unbelievers, and make use of my letter to put an end to the cavils f ill disposed. It is high time that entire justice should be done to those who devote themselves to my service and that of the State with so much zeal and success." After visiting the Crimea, whre the theatrical genius of Potemkin devised new surprises at every halting place, her majesty began her homeward journey. Tbe curtain fell at Pultawa, where a mimic repetition of the great battle fought there in 1709 by Charles XIL and Peter the Great was produced for Catherine's delectation. The coup dc theatre was over; Potemkin returned to his Government loaded witn presents; the caorina, welcomed, feted, hymned, made her way via Moscow the capitol. after the most wonderful royal progress the world has ever seen. She left St. Petersburg on the 14th of January, 1787; she entered it again on the 2 2d of July. Recalling the marvels and romance of the journey, the French ambassador speaks of "fleets suddenly created; squadrons of Cossacks and Tartars coming from th remots parts of Asia; illuminated roads; mountains on fire; enchanted palaces; gardens raised in a night; temple) of Diana; duhgbt'ul harems; wandering tribes; dromedaries and camels; dethroned princes of the Caucasus and Georgia paying their homage and addressing their prayers'' to the Light of the North, as her flatter ers elled her. Remembering that one mind planned it all and attended to every dutail of th comedy, we are forced to confess that whatever we may hud I'otenikiu s qualities as a statesman or soldic r to be, he was at least born to be a courtier or a showman. CUpplua Hurwi. There has been mnch talk pro and con, upon the subject of clipping horses; that is, the shearing of the hair close to the skin by neana of an implement made for the purpose. The farmer has no business with horses that have been clipped. They must be blanketed in the stable, and doubly blanketed out of doors when standing. No man owning horses should ever allow them to be clipped, except tnat class who use tht-m for light work, and who can of course afford to take the best of care of them in and ont of the stable. Coach horses or any other horses left standing in the cold should never le clipped. In this connection a word npon stable maLage- ment may be in place. lbere is economy in a blanket for every horse doing work in the stable. and out when standing at rest. The cost is but little, aud this cost will be saved in one winter in the saving of feed, to say nothing of the comfort to the poor dumb brutes, the moat faithful as they are the most useful of our four- footed servants. Do not, therefore, lis ten to interested parties. Those of onr patrons who keep horses in villages and and other suburban localities, should have blaukets, one set for the stable and ot se ' for the street and use them These will soon show in the slek glossy coats, if faithful work is laid out in grooming, (remembering a stabled horse cannot dean himsel:) and in any event in a general improvement in condition. t '. -- :v ..;;iZi Th orrd J KiUtixu XeTSvl i te&a thu 4 . At West our ile of sjtg sold f $:7.50O. Wiscon-uu n'j-'ice ia 3.433 mile ot complete railways. New Tear's day Georgi i had $971, 4S3.24 in tb treasury. Chicago obtains a revenue of SS1, 423 yearly from saloons. -There ar eighty cotton aud woollen mills in North Carolina. The latest novelties in canned goods are frogs and sweet potatoes. A firm iu Fleming county. Ky., has killed 60,000 turkeys this season. The Mikado has ordered twenty -fiv splendid carriages in London. It takes 800 full blown roses to make a teaspoouful of perfume. Abont 1,200 Indians are being; fed at Fort Walsh, Montana territory. -One huudred aud fifty-four failure are reported for the past week. Boston has 12,896 gas lamps, and 7587 of them were broken last year. The State tobacco monoplv of France yielded laat year S';0,000,0H). It is said that ten year- hence there will be 25,000 carp pound in Illinois. Iowa spent $1,813,093 for common schccls aud about 20,000. 000 for li.juor. -Black walnut is so plentiful in Ken tucky that thd peoplo use it for fence roils. The standing armv of little Belgium is twice as largo as that of the Uuited States. Liquor licen-w to the nnmler of 10,551 were issued in New York last year. Eihtv nine couretrational churches were established last vear in the United States. The speaking trumpet is said to hav been invented by Alexander th Great. The timbei of Prince Wittgenstein' estates in Russia is estimated at $5,000, 000. The first Admiral of E.ijrland was R-'ch.ird de Lncv, appointed by Henry HI. in 1223. " The Christians of Evpt burnt but- kr instead of cil in their lamjis, iu the third eenturv. The total niimV-r of periodicals and newspapers published throughout the world is 37,274. One thousand o le hundred aud fifty eases ornament tho L uittd States su preme com t docket. Algernon Charles Swinburne is in a state of such good health as promise much good work. 589,514 gallons of corn whiskey were made (according to law) in North Carolina ia 1881. irrrdn''ham. Ain.. has ei"ht thou sand inhabitants. Twelve years aero it was a cotton field. A boy iu Portsmouth, Ohio, has been badly 1 united and scalded by the bursting of a toy engine. Five thousand Cliicajroans under took to send valentines through the post-office without stamps. Augustus solemnlv degraded and overthrew the statue of Neptune because bis Beet had Uen wrecked. Oyer 23,000 steerage tickets have already been sold to emigrants in Ger many coming to thi nonntry. Five thou.saud five hundred ud eighty-two failures was the result of last year's trade in the Uuited States. The total stealings by public offi cials in Newarc, New Jersey, for six months aggregate S5.182.345. The assessed wealth of Massachu setts is 81.684,112:3,481, orou an average of $1,142 50 to each inhabitant. Jacob Thomson, former! v Secretary of th Interior in President Buchanan's Cabinet, is now liviug in Rome. The City Council of Chattanooga, enn., has issued an order for the des truction of the English sparrows. A Fall River turkey in being pre pared for the spit was found to have a handsome gold thimlde in its gizzard. Lampreys at one time was a favorite ish in England, and, cooked in many lifferent ways, aud eaten in large quan tities. The report of Madame Taglioni's death in Berliu is contradicted. Th great dancer is alive aud well in Lon- on. Gnstave Dare is at work upon th statue of Alexandre Dumns, which is intei.d d for the I'la-e Malesberbes in Paris. Th late Gov. Blue Jeans Williams. f Indiana, is to have a granite monu ment 23 feet 9 iuch?s high, and to cost ;2000. Sir Edward Thornton's first recep tion at St. Petersburg was attended by ,800 people and pronounced a great success. Harvard College uo longer deminds tht one of the two names on everv stu- leiit's bond shall be that of a Massachu setts citizen. Senator Voorhees declares that he as cured himself of rheumatic gout by taking lemon juice in warm water twice r thrice a da v. Nineteen thousand dollars was the sum brought by Moutpelier, the home and burial-place of President Madison, at its recent sale. The number of hogs packed in Cin cinnali during the season which closed recently was 331.878. This is 137,347 p than during the winter season of 1880-81. It is calculated the doily papers of the United States isaui 1,051,2:10,000 copies yearly, and the othtr peridicals bring the total up to 2,0J0,000,000 wpies per snnnm. A Baltimorean wishes to sell to th Fedend Goverment, for $1500, General Washington a sword-knot. It is well preserved, is of silk and silver bullion, with a tinsel rosette, and its genuineness is said to be well attested. The Protestant Christian Chinamen have been relieved from taxation for re ligious festivals in China. Thev number about 15.000. The Romans Catholics secured sueti exemption many years 7,600,000 persona in the United State are engaged in agricultural pur suits. Tne total value of forms and farm implements is 313,461.200,434, or two-thirds il the protective wealth of the nation. The value of farm products and live stock foi 1373 was S3. 000,000, 000, against 11,800,000,000 of mining iuiu ixuauuiacf onng proaucta. J
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers