- r ii r - 1 i B. F.-SCHWEIER, "., ; - . ' ,i ,ttV"- ! THE CONSTITUTION TH1 USIOK A9D XHI INFOKCKMEKT Of TH1 LAWS. Editor and Proprietor. VOK XXIX.' ' ; . : ' - ; MLFFLINTOWN. JUNIATA COUNTY, PENNA.. AUGUST 11.1875. i SDN0. 32. . . ; LOSGEfG. Veer in the forest I know a glade ; ruder the tree-tope A secret shade. Vioes sre the enrtains. - Blossoms the Door , Voices of waters Ring evermore. There, when the sunset Lances of gold Herce. or the moonlight Is ail Terr cold, Wonld that an anget Led thee to me Bo oot of loneliness ' ' Love should be. Never the breezes Should asp what we ear. Never the waters Onr secret betray. Alienee and shadow After mipht reign. Bat the old life be oars Sever again. ha yard Taylo A Golden Bullet. In 1851, when -new gold fields were bring discovered ever? day in the east ern lortion of California, there were a number of persons who, tired of the un certainties of mining, were looking around through the Taller for some spot to settle down into agricultural pur suits. Several families crossed the bay from San Francisco, and pitched their tents on either aide of .San Leandro Creek, about eight miles above Oakland, at a point less than one mile from the foot of the mountains. Among these settlers was a carpenter, named Rbert Gilmore, originally from Pennsylvania, where he had a family. Deserting them for a woman, named Klizabeth Miller, the two proceeded to the (..olden State together; and after a lot of hard knocks, we find them keep ing an inn at the foot of the mountains near San Leandro. At thU time, about the only frequenters of the house were the Spaniards and "greasers;" and as money was very scarce w ilh them, the Oiluiores did a very poor busiuess in the way of cash. r: Robert jGiluiore was the most con minimaie scoundrel the world ever pro duced. He was apparently about 45 years old, and carried a face that would deceive any one. He must have be longed to a good family; for, besides a thorough education, he was polished in his manner, clean in person, and care ful in dress. At a tale of want, bis fine, open countenance expressed com miseration in every feature, and he would be the first man to decry villainy of any sort. He enjoyed the confidence of a great many of the early settlers, and his tavern was sometimes frequented by capitalists and stock dealers from San Francisco. It was in the early part of April, and near the hour of midnight; black clouds bad been scudding along the mountain tops, and the wind was howling against the swinging sign of "Uilmore's Kanche," as the inn was called. I.ig drops had commenced to fall from the heavens, and all nature seemed con vulsed in agony as thunderbolt after thunderbolt reverberated through the gorge. It was a ni'ht that was long remembered. Rain had seldom fallen so late in the season, and a thunder storm had never been witnessed In that valley before. Soon the water was pouring down in torrents and the creek was sending an angry flood-offering to the bay. A horseman, dripping with wet, dashed to the inn, threw himself from his steed, and dropped with the butt of a heavy whip on the floor. "What ho! House, I say !" he cried. Lights were lit within, the bolts thrown back, and Gilmore threw open the door of welcome to the drenched stranger. "A fearful night, sir ! You are lucky to find a shelter so soon. Take some thing to drive out the damp." "Thank you; I don't care if I do," lswered the truest. "And I'll be obliged to you if I can get a bed. 1 don s'pose there's any use in trying to do anything for my mare, is then V "It won't hurt her, my dear sir. A California horse don't want anything to keep out the damp." And their glasses were filled with liquor and drank off, Gilmore taking an inventory of the stranger's effects. "He carried a "blacksnake" heavily loaded at the butt, as could easily be seen by the swing of the whip, as the stranger caught it near the middle, and swayed it backward and forward like the pendulum of a clock. It was only an involuntary movement; yet its mo tions did not escape the quick eye of the landlord. "That's a heavy whip you carry," observed he, as the stranger looked up and caught his eye on it. "Yes, I reckon it is," answered the man laughing. "It's pretty heavy," repeated he; and unscrewing the flange poured out on the redwood counter a mass of gold pieces. The Innkeeper's eyes sparkled at the welcomcsight. Heturned the old day book that was used as a register toward the guest, and striking an attitude that would have done creUt to a first-class actor, he laughingly exclaimed, "A bed T Ay, ve shall have the best bed the house "affords! This castle is at vonr service, sir command me." The traveler took the profl'ered pen, and traced the entry in easy; flowing hand: "Isaac Askew, Supt. Yellow Jack Mine, Virginia City, Nevada. "Ah, you're Irora the Comstock Lode! How are the mines working now, sir?" "Beroud all expectation, the richest lode In the world. But the storm still rages, and that poor mare of mine needs some care. I've rode hard to-day, and, but for the storm, would have made San Francisco my stopping place. Let us drink, and let the storni take care of itself." The miner shivered as he looked out Into the night, aud drew a loug breath of satisfaction that he was so securely boused from the storm His dress was the ordinary oue'of the miner in all its ontward seeming; but as he threw off an outer coat of pilot cloth, the white htrt, stylish cut-waistcoat, and care fully tiwl cravat, betrayed hi status at a glance " . , Isaac Askew was one of be best met allurgists on the coast ; arid to Ids skill and energy the success of the new mines at Gold Hill and Virginia City were mainly due.'. Under hi management the rich deposits of silver were brought to the surface in immeuse quantities, and his mine was becoming fatuous throughout the land. He was now on business relating to the company, and carried a considerable sum of money on his person. The cupidity of the inn-keeper was immediately aroused on beholding the - shiuing mits of gold in the possession of the miner; aud although he affected .a hilarity In keeping with his open manner,' he was busily concocting a plan to relieve him of it, - The Inn fronted towards the north at the junction of Mteion San Jose and the Castro Canon road, while the rear of tne Duuuing overhung the creek, with a series of piles in support. Beneath this portion of the structure the ttir ball-nt waters were boiling and bubbling in a fearful manner, and threatening to carry on tne irau-iooking support. The miner drank and grew merry with the avaricious landlord, and told marvellous stories of the mines in Aus tralia, where he had spent a considerable portion of his life. He bad traveled in many lauds, and told his stories with great humor. Among the miners of t'eru and Mexico he had witnessed ex citing incidents, which he narrated in rapid succession. In the meantime the innkeeper plied his victim with liquor, and at length he began to succumb to its potent influ ence. "I think IH go to bed, landlord," he muttered, his head falling on his breast wearily. "We'll, come along, then, old boy, we'll take care of you !" And assisting the miner to his feet, he led him to his apartment, a room over the bar or office. "A fitting night for a good job," he muttered; "the elements are at war with all the world. And I. too!" The miner, oveicome by the liquor he had drank, was buried in profound slumber. He grasped the whip tightly in his hand, as though he was aware of the effort being made to rob him. He had merely laid aside bis outer clothing and on throwing himself on the bed, had carried it aloug with him. - The innkeeper disappeared from the apartment: bnt, in a few moments he returned, accompanied by a woman of 40 or 45 years. She was the opposite of her companion In every respect; lor where his features denoted intelligence. hers were almost idiotic, except when her eyes blazed out in fury and greed at tne sight or uie sleeping miner. She glared down on him as though she were niied with a hatred nothing but death con ll appease. "His money is in the whip, Liz," he whisered ; "lots of it, too." "What are you going to do with him, Bob?" asked the woman. 'Take the money, hide it securely. and leave the rest to chance," he an swered. "Chance ! Fool, wonld you go to jail for chance?" The woman sneered out. "Take him by the heels, and throw him into the creek. It's a fearful night, and many a man has perished since sun down." "That's the chance I intend for him. Do you think I'd have a lot of fellows spying about here, as they would be it his money was lost in this house. No, 1 ain't such a fool as that," he added. "I go in for silence!" Amid the raging of the storm the bloody deed was committed, and the body of Isaac Askew, the miner, with the skull crushed in by a blow from the whip he had carried through dangers in many lands, was throw u into the torrent below. Towards daylight the storm ceased, and w hen the sun spone out on the beautiful face of nature, all evidence-of a dreadful deed having been committed at the cross-road inn was obliterated. 'Murder will out," at least, in this case, was brought about in so summary a manner as almost to look like the w ork of an avenging spirit. The public mind was agitated over the discovery of gold in Alameda County and San Francisco was in a ferment. A nugget weighing about an ounce and a half had been found near San Leandro Creek, and was on exhibition in Mont gomery street. The excitement was intense, and hun dreds were leaving for the new fields daily. It was so entirely unexpected, that it carried everything by storm. The w hole valley hail been prospected thoroughly, as It was thought, long be fore, and not a color was found. The office in which the nugget was on exhibition was thronged with an ex cited crowd daily; and on satisfying themselves as to the reality of the drift, they would strap on their blankets and break for the prominent 1 Dorado. The mysterious absewe of Isaac Askew from his post at Virginia City excited much surprise among the direc tors of the mine; and as he had never lx-en seen by the officers at San Fran cisco after leaving the former place, it was readily surmised that he had fallen in with a party of robbers w ho then in fested the State. It was a common event in the early days, and only lasted until a new excitement arose. A friend who had accompanied him from Australia was the only one likely to be worried about the affair. This friend, najaed James Price, was also in the employ of the same company; and the two men were so often seen to gether that they were called "the Aus tralian brothers." Price, becoming tired alone in the the mountains, wandered from camp to camp in search of tidings of his lost partner, until he reached San Francisco. All Interest was centered in the hope of finding him. He cared not for all the gold in the country, as long as his friend was missing. They had often perilled their lives for each other, and he would have willingly laid down his life for that of his comrade. The What Cheer House was the fa vorite resort of the honest miner, and thither he repaired. . An excited state of affairs existed here also, the all-absorbing topic of conversation being the uew gold discovery. It was contended by an old gray-haired miner that the nugget exhibited was a fraud that there was no gold on the Pacific slope like that found, or said to be found, at San Leandro. Price did not sleep much that night. He was in a feverish state of excite ment, and tossed on his bed until near daylight. He then settled his bill, and took the first boat for Alameda Point, where he fell in with a party ot live or six old acquaintances, and together they proceeded towards San Leandro. "Gilmore's Ranch," was the only house open at the time as drinking place; aud here were congregated the prospectors as Price and bis party came into view. . 'The fraud was played by some one to make money out of it," cried a man with a pick and shovel across his shoul ders; "and whd would or could make anything out of it, except a man who has got whisky to sell, and who's got w hiskv to self but Bob GHmore?" - Here -he threw his implements on the ground, and proposed to fight it out with It a ttniL-eener. When Price looked in' the face of Rolert Gilmore, he shook bu bead-and muttered to hhnseif, "I aini on' the right track, after all- If he is the man that turned that up, I might just as well tra h:uk. V ' The pugnacious man would not be ap-ieased, and strutted and bellowed about tuitil the hostess made her appear ance upon the scene, armed with the identical w hip that formerly belonged to Isaac Askew: Price knew it as soon as he saw it and he uttered anexcianuv tion that brought the attention tf all to "Where's the owner of this whip?' l. shrieked, snatching it from her hand "wbere's the man who had It in his possession less than one montn agor Answer me. or I'll do re harm." "No one but mv old man there has had that whip in his possession. We're had it ever since we ex me. to the coun try," was the undaunted answer of the woman. "You lie, you hag," retorted the miner. "JSee here. men. This whip belonged to my partner; be carried it, to my certain knowledge, for the last twelve years, here and in Australia. The butt was bis specimen case, and he had gold from every part of the world in it. "See!" he cried, as he unscrewed it. Eager faces pressed close around, and behold ! there was the name eugraved in full on the inside plate: "Isaac Askew, Sydney. Australia." The innkeeper was shaking as if in an ague fit. All his confidence seemed to have deserted him in an instant. "When 1 heard that the nngget said to hare been found up here was a for eign gold," resumed Price," I sus- lected that it was some of my partner s that had been nsed as a decoy, and so I came up to work it out. I've seen the game played before, but never saw it work so well." Robert Gilmore was at rested for the murder of Isaac Askew, and at the first session of the. County Court was con victed and sentenced to death. The evidence as circumstantial, hut no doubt existed as to his guilt. He confessed that he had moulded the nug- et found from a $20' coin, which he red from a gun into the earth, yet died protesting his innocence of the murder. A few days after the execution, a body was found lodged in some bushes that lined the San Leandro Creek, a short distance from Gilmore's Ranch, and was identified as that of the missing miner. Years after this occurrence, a woman laid on a dying bed iu Stockton, and among other crimes confessed was the murder of the miner, whose assassin was brought to punishment by means of a golden bullet. Tke Hears for Beat Bathlwa;. 1 Writers upon the subject of sea-bathing do not agree as to the time at which the batn should be taken; many, con sidering this a matter of little impor tance, merely suggest that hour of the day most convenient to each individual. In our judgment this is a matter of great importance, for those who bathe in the morning (before breakfast), besides ex posing themselves to a fainting fit, ex perience a feeling of lassitude or weak ness, and in addition to these injurious after-effects, there is the exposure to an atmosphere which is in the morning more or less damp. Experience has shown that for the majority of people the best time is from seven to eleven in the morning, aud the maximum tonic effects being obtained then from the fact that the temperature both of the air aud the water is at its lowest point. For those who are in deli cate health or very nervous, and Tor children of weak constitutions, the best time is from eleven In the morning until four in the afternoon, as between those hours the temperature of the water stea dily increases. It is of the utmost importance that children should be positively forbidden to bathe after dark. When the sun sets the breeze from the land is very chilling, and imparts its freshness to the borders of the sea, and hence the little ones can not but be affected injuriously by con tact with the water, and no matter what efforts they make to rub themselves dry, walk or run, or even if they put on ad ditional garments, the reaction is slow, the blood circulates with difficulty, and they will remain all night in a condition which will disturb their slumber, and may even be the cause of serious disor ders. The time chosen for bathing should immediately precede or coincide with that of high water, for then we have the advantage of easy access to the ocean, and the -least possible exposure in re turning to the bath-house; moreover, the water is then most free from the Im purities which it contains at low tide. Without attempting to demonstrate the conclusions of Kepler, or verify the theories of Newton upon the tidal phe nomena, let us briefly explain why they take place in the same way at two points upon the earth's surface which are dia metrically opposed. What first attracts our attention is the ebb aud flow of tne waters. These oscillations are eriod ical. The water flows to one portion of the earth during the space of six hours; this constitutes the rising of the tide; it then remains stationary for about fif teen minutes; it is now called high wa ter. From this it begins to recede. The time taken by the water to return to its lowest point is about the same as it oc cupied in rising to its highest; this is termed low tide or full ebb. Afterre maining at this point for a quarter ol an hour it again resumes its former mo tion, and so continues its oscillations. During a lunar day (a space of twenty fonr hours fifty "minutes the time elapsing between the moon being over the meridian of a place and her return ing to it) the tides have changed twice. From this it follows that the tides are daily fifty minutes later; that Is, if on a certain day at any place it be high wa ter at one P. M., on the followiug day it will be high water at fifty minutes past one P. M-, the day after at forty minutes past two P. M., and so on. Daist Whlrlahewts. In the dry and elevated valleys and basins of the Kockv Mountains and of the Cordilleras ot Mexieothe phenome na of the whirlwind are actively exhib ited. "In the deep basins of Mexico," ays Prof. J. W. Phelps, "wber there is no prevailing current of air. whirl winds may be seen in the warmer hours of the day, spinning spirally on their axes, throwing up large columns of dust several hundred feet in height, and remaining as stationary as the sleeping: top for a lone time. Farther north, in the Rocky Mountain, w here the southwest breezes prevail, these whirlwinds are generally borne along with the wind. The rapidity of the whirling motion, in both cases, is alto gether too great to be attributed to any power short of electrical agency. The air outside of a stationary whirl wind is generally quite still, while with the moving whirlwind it often loiters along, only as a 5, 10. or 15 mile breeze. Thus, while the motion of translation of the whirlwind may be only 10 miles or so an hour, iu whirling velocity is often 100 miles or more an hoar.' , The general form of these whirlwinds observed by Prof. Pbeliiw, was of a tube of dust, of from 1 to 30 feet in di ameter, and several feet in height. They were generally perpendicular, al though one was noticed to ascend in a zigzag direction, and another., after mouuting vertically for a short distance moved horizontally for a space and then assumed a vertical coarse again. The motion of the whirlwinds was sometimes with the bands of the watch, and aC'ptlier- times in an' opposite di rection. From the journal kept by Prof. Phelps, we read that July 10, 18 59, a whirlwind threw up the sand in a hollow tube i or 8 feet in diameter,and moved the hands of the watch. Twice ringsor nodules of dust were no ticed whirling ap the tube, and once portions of dust were span off from the exterior of thecy linder as if by a down ward breeze. Ang. 13, the whirlwinds were numer ous, and seemed to leap suddenly into the air from a state of perfect stillness. They formed small, crooked tubes ris ing to the height of several hundred feet April 3. 1S59. a whirlwind 30 feet in diameter was observed turning o gaimst the bands of a watch. On one occasion a newspaper was caught np by a whirlwind to a height of about 300 feet, and there oscillated hack and fourth across the track for some time while accomDanvmg the onward move ment of the column. Another day two whirlwinds, within 50 yarns, ot each other were turning in opposite direc tions. June 5.a whirlwind about IS feet in diameter crossed a stream of water without any apparent loss of force. Again, a whirlwind was observed to rasa thronirh a battery of artillery of brass guns, from one flank to the other with no evidence of being affected by the adventure. June 19. a whirlwind was remarked that had several small w hirls stunning around on Its circum ference. The whole together described a circuit about 100 yards across. These phenomena occured at a height of be tween 4.000 and 5,000 feet above the sea where the dry atmosphere contained little vapor to interfere with the action ot electricity. , Cweks awd CMkWf. The culinary art is as old as the hu man race. An early proof of the pro gress of the ancienrs in this particular i shown In the anecdote of the King of Bithynia. who, during an expedition against the Svthians, was seized with a violent longfng for a small fish called aphy. His cook cut a turnip into the exact shape of the fish, fried It In oil. salted, and powdered it with the grains ot a dozen black poppies, and served it before the king. As luxury and refine raent spread from Asia into Europe, a fastidious taste in eating arose among the Greeks, and with them all the re sources of the cook were called Into requisition. Cooks were hired or pur chased at enormous prices, those from Sicily being particularly valued for their great skill. At Athens the chler cook not only inquired the number but the quality of his guests, that he might adapt the dishes to their various tastes. Cooks have on various occasions been handsomely rewarded by mouarchs for their skill hi preparing various dishes. Marc Antony presented a cook with the house of a Roman citizen. William the Conqueror granted the manor of Ad dington to lezlin, his cook, because he had prepared a dish ot white soup which especially pleased the royal palate. Henry 1 11 raised a servant to consider able dignity because he had taken care to have a roasted boar prepared for his Majesty when Henry bappeued to be in the humor of feasting on one. Many contests have taken place among cooks iu which they have endeavored to outdo each other in the variety and cost liness of their dishes. Cookery as, a science has employed the talents of Lord Bacon, Drs. Hunter, Kitchener, Count Kumford, and many distinguished men of France. .M. Talleyrand, the Marquis de Cussv, M. Brillat-Savarin, and others have treated of it at length. They in vented several dishes, many or which have since become famous. I'pon the subject of cookery the celebrated chief, Louis Eustache Ude, says: "What science demands more study than cookery? Every man is not born with the qualifications necessary to con stitute a good cook. e see daily at concerts aud academics, young men and women who display the greatest abili ties; but in our line, nothing but the most consummate experience can elevate a man to the rank of chief professor. Cookery is an art appreciated by only a very few individuals, and which re quires, in addition to a most diligent and studious application, no small share of intellect and the strictest sobriety and punctuality ; there are cooks, and cooks as there are painters; the difficulty lies in finding the perfect one; and I dare assert, that the nobleman who has in his service a thorough good one, ought to be as proud of the acquisition as of possess ing in his gallery a genuine production of tne pencil of Rubens, Raphael, or Titian." . Health and Talewt, It is no exaggeration tosay that health is a large ingredient in what the world calls talent. A man without it may be a giant in intellect, but his deeds will be the deeds of a dwarf. On the con trary, let him have a quick circulation, a good digestion, the bulk, thews and sinews of a man and the alacrity, the unthinking confidence inspired by these and, though having but a thimbleful of brains, he will either blunder upon suc cess or set failure at defiance. It is true, especially in this country, that the num ber of centaurs in every community of men in whom heroic intellects are allied with bodily constitution as tough as those of horses is small ; that, In gen eral, a man has reason to think himself well off in the lottery of life if be draw the prize of a healthy stomach without a mind, or the prize of a fine intellect with a crazy stomach. But of the two, a weak mind, in a Herculean frame is better than a giant mind in a crazy con stitution. A pound of energy, with an ounce of talent, will achieve a greater result than a pound of talent with an ounce of energy. The first requisite to success in life is to be a good animal. In any of the learned professions a vigorous con stitution is equal to at leart fifty per cent, more brain. Wit, judgment, imagina tion, all the qualities of the mind, attain thereby a force and splendor to which they could never approach without it. But intellect in a weak body is "like gold iu a spent swimmer's pocket." A mechanic may have tools of the sharpest edge and highest polish; but what are these without a vigorous arm ana hand T Of what use is it that your mind has become a vast granary of know ledge if you have not strength to turn the key? parks that away Kiadle. ' Over every grave, even though tea anted by guilt and shame, the human heart, when circumstantially made ac quainted with its silent records of suf teriug or temptation, yearns in love or in forgiveness, to breathe a solemn Ee quiecat. Luxurious ease is the surest harbin ger of pain ; and the dead lulls of trop ical seas are the immediate forerunners of tornadoes. It is a tiutli of the largest value that the dominion of woman is potent, ex actly in that degree in which the na ture of woman la exalted. Such as wo man is, will man forever be: the one sex being essentially the antipoueand adequate antagonist of the other, wo man cannot be other than depressed where man is not exalted. Never yet was woman in one stage of elevation, and man (of the same community) in an other. Therefore, daughter of God and man, ill potent woman ! reverence thy own ideal; aud in the wildest of the homage which is paid thee, as well as in the most real aspects of thy wide do minion, see do trophy of idle vanity, but a silent indication, whether de signed or not, of the possible grandeur enshrined in thy nature. Realize it to the extent of thy power, - And taow aa how dtrtee a thing A wanaa auj become." . . Louisa Alcott is said to have accu mulated a fortune of $60,000 by her pen and brain. E wallah Basks wwxCLesjlalatlM. The first London bankers were the Goldsmiths, whom Charles II. robbed so barefacedly. Almost as soon as the present Constitution was fixed by the Revolution or lttSS, the Bank or England was started as a monopoly. other joint-stock bank was allowed to be formed in England, and no bank, Joint stock or private, was allowed to issue notes within sixty-five miles of London In this way the formation of largo rauas, Biicii as lue ocuilisu uau.sv wuii numerous branches, was prevented ; and so the banks in large towns, where money is always in demand, were un able directly to obtain the deposit of the smaller towns, where money is al ways plenty. Owing to this the class of money ornuers, or wntcn uverena, Gurney A Co. was the type, grew up toward the close or the last century ; their legitimate business was to obtain money from country bankers and capi talists, and to give them in return the bills or town bankers. Ao douot some of these restrictions were gradually abolished, but the process itself was a slow one, and as soon as the older re strictions were abolished, new ones were created. In fact, if one might use the illustration, the old twist or bias in the system was not removed till a new one was created. Thus, for example, the first permission to establish joint stock banks compelled all banks to adopt the principle or unlimited lia bility, although in the older banks, the Banks of England, Ireland, and Scot land, the liability was limited, the capital of the banks was thus made small when compared with their liabili ties, as many parties would object to take shares iu uulimited companies; and of course, when the. shareholders were limited in number, the capital of the banks would also be limited, lhls restriction has now, indeed, been re moved, and banks with limited liability have been created ; but there is still a prejudice against them, which, as will be shown in the sequel, it will require years to overcome. Then again this permission to found "unlimited" joint- stock banks was, by a curious fatality, almost coincident iu time with the with drawal of the right to issue notes under x.o. But, as a very considerable pro portion of the business of new banks depeuds upou the power of issuing notes, this prohibition was really a for midable check upon the formation of new banks. The Legislature, indeed, seems to have bad special difficulties in dealing with these small notes. They were prohibited in England between 1777 and 1797, and again from 1825 till the present time. They had, iudeed, been withdrawn from circulation a year or two previous to 1825, and the panic of that year was, by the testimony of many witnesses, aliaved by the dis covery in the vaults of the Bank of tnclund or a quantity or these II notes, and their issue to the public. Under the act of 1844 the last great system of banking legislation, aided also by the act of 1845, which prohibits any new bank from Issuing notes, and prevents the existing English hanks from issuing notes against gold the banks all look to the Cank of England to furnish them 1 - - . 1 . v. i i . I w mi iLs iiuics, w iiicu air a legal itriiuer, while the Bank is prevented from doing so unless It holds gold against these notes. The hanks, in fact, are all in duced to depend upon the Bank of England; and the banK cannot even nse its credit to help them. It may re ceive their money, and issue to them iu return deposit receipts or post bills, or place it to their credit in its books. against which they can themselves issue checks, but it is prohibited from giving them the one form of acknowl edgment which they require for their customers viz., bank-notes. An Eng lish banker thus carefully shut off from all obligation to provide gold for his liabilities, looks to the bank to give him its notes; and the bank. If we may judge from its action for some time back, Is more than ever determined to lean upon the Government, and to re gard a suspension of the act of 1844 as a remedy for all financial evils. M"cmiU Urn's M w'zinf. The Twlleys ef Xerthersi Italy. Where the winding chain of the Ap- nenines stretches upward lrora the sea. crossing and recrossing the land with so many ami such strange devices that from off the height of one of the moun tains themselves there seems scarce room for a space of level plain, here, wedged in between the ridges or stink in the clefts of the hills, are the fair valleys of North Italy. Away from the blue sea and its binding beauty ,aud the mightier heat of the shores, they hold a rresti and free life of their own Heavy night dews there feed tha wild flowers that sicken in the nerveless pallor of the Summer sea-air, and fresh water ruus swiftly from mountain springs. Some times they are narrow and hidden val leys.) n whose depths even villages could scarce find a home did they not climb the hill-sides on either hand and camp out, as It were, upon the meadows or among the vineyards. Or, again, they are wider, so thai utile towns nave been built within them quaint towns with tall bouses and tall campanile, at whose side there flows, perhaps, a shal low river, brown upon its shingly bed. Where, north of Genoa and the sea some twenty miles, the low back of the Giove Mountain lies across the country, there is one of these more open valleys that creeps upward toward the higher peak of A u tola, and along Its way many a picturesque little village has grown for years, wearing out the thatched roof of ts chiinneyleas bouses in blustering mountain winds, or beneath hot suns. yit cheerily; holding iu own against against them all. with storms and inun dations to boot. For the river flows bard by, and is a cruel foe when the great rains have been at work. The little hamlets cling to the mountain sides, and rarely have a common thor oughfare beside them; but sometimes tbev stand npon the roadside, and then they can orten boast a nner house in their midst, for the foratieri come in Summer, and the people whose houses lie conveniently can let rooms. By these villagers a stone bridge Is even bunt over the stream, so tuat tne tor rent may be safely crossed when it is swollen by the rain. And the people are warm-hearted and simple in these little Appennlne homes, for there Is no convention, and each one for himself enjoys life to the full. 1 call them to miud, and the summer days wnen Dree ses move silently amid the leaves, when the air is white with beat, yet clear, above the green of the chestnuts; and as I dream I remember one out of the rest, whose life is the strongest in my recollection. It stands below the crest of a mountain, with shady woods and orchards that girdle it around. I seem to see the hill's graceful form as I write soft shapes, yet varied outlines that lie against the sky; subtle little waves and indentations of the earth, wit h which play the lights and shades of the day light. It is called the village of San Fedele, because there Is a little oratory near by, where the memory of that saint is held sacred in numerous shrines and glories. A procession comes here once in every six months from the parish church that stands as a centre to many hamlets In the main valley below. Then the chapel is aired and Incensed; for the people of San Fedela go to mass in the church down the mountain, and it is not opened every Sunday, nor yet every feast day. The village is not of much size or importance, having neither priest nor jiador- of its own. But it is com mon to the neighborhood that hamlets should be strewn over the land, miles away, sometimes, from the church and the authorities. San Fedele is not worse off than others; indeed the possession of an oratory, with a saint and relics, is rather an unusual honor, and if the chapel is rarely opened, it has at all events a "piazetta" with stone ben'-hes, where those may congregate for an eve ning chat who have not had time to re lax themselves by a trip to the larger village in the afternoon. Italians love a goodly portion of gossip and loitering; and if foreign sayings about Italian im petuosity and easily-moved Italian feel ings have been often exaggerated, these App .line country people are, on the other hand, no taciturn race. They are cunning to mold to their use the lithe tongue of their land, to adorn it with expletives, and point it with gesticula tion ; and it is even this habit of noisy vociferation which ha perhaps Jton them abroad their character so little truly deserved for curbless passion and vindictively cruel propensities. They are a kindly people enough In their mu tual relations, and iormed, indeed, by their very nature for warm, social life. they have need of a certain amount of free neighborly intercourse, such as a quiet and colder temperament can scarcely understand; and hence It is that the life of an Italian community is to be learned in its open thoroughfares rather than Its Individual homes, as in the comparative secretive life of nor thern lauds. We must seek on cot tage doorsteps, in market-places and piazzas, where men and women mix freely together, the true color of the Appemiie people. train jriNx'M. The Fate sr Bare Birds. One of the most tantalizing accidents which can happen to an ornithologist is when a rare bird is eaten by its captor through ignorance or its value. Often times this must occur. In out-of-the-way districts, where all wild-fowl shot dur ing Winter are indiscriminately called ducks, and at once consigned to the cook. e lately heard of a case in point. The Governor of one of England's smaller de pendencies invited his Secretary, an ar dent ornithologist, to dinner. After the game bad been discussed, the latter casually asked a few questions on the birds he had just eaten, and was told by the Governor that he did not know what they were, but some of their feathers bad been preserved. The poor Secre tary was broken hearted on inspecting these. He had actually helped to eat three of Pallas' sand grouse, for which he would willingly have given half his substance in order to add them to his collection. The fate of rare birds is at times even more sad than this. Dwellers in the midland counties must often have listened with pleasure during the short nights of June to the monotonous croak ing of the landrail from the uncut hay beyond the garden. This bird is very local, and is shot as a dainty morsel whenever it is seen. Luckily ike Words worth's cuckoo, it has the nature more of "a wandering voice" than a bird, and for the most part easily escapes its pur suers when it is heard in an unusual locality. ' The only nightingale which we have ever known to appear In Devon was not so fortunate. It was seen dur ing the Summer of 1800 in the neighbor hood of Exmonth, but was pelted to death by the idle boys of the vicinity, much as the Bacchantes of old tore Or pheus to pieces. To know the common turd) of a district and to become familiar with their migrations, changes of plum age, the reasons of their abundance or scarcity in particular seasons, aud the like, is a more rational aud satisfactory method of studying ornithology than simply to hunt after rare specimens .It does nor fall to every one's lot to secure so rare a bird as once happened to a friend who was shooting along the north west coast of Caithness. The day was bitterly cold and the snow falling fast when he winged a wild duck and sud denly beheld what seemed an animated mass of snow-flakes swoop down uon and carry it off before his eyes. The second barrel was fired and brought down a fine specimon of the suowy owl (Suniia ayrtea,) still clinging to the duck. The two were stuffed and set up together, forming an interesting memento of a curious episode in an ordinary day's shouting. Curnhill Mugmine. Uses er Sir stew Men can live and work on grapes and bread. The peasantry of France, Spain aud Italy make mauy a satisfying meal in this way, aud tiie wbolesomeuess of the diet there can be nodonbt of. Med ical men constantly recommend the nse of grapes for their patients. ovartTiy muy uaui emu crjuai me vine as regards the beauty of its leaves and fruit. As a covering for bare walls aud for affording shelter and shade, it is a climber of the first rank. To sit under one's own vine has in all ages keen con sidered the acme or rural happiness an emblem of peace, a symbol of plenty, and a picture or contentment, lhat pleasure, though perhaps not in all its fullness, may become the heritage of thoa sands in these temiterate climes. J either our latitude, uor leaden skies, nor erratic climate forbid the growth of the grape vine throughout the larger portion of the kingdom. In many dis tricts its fruits will ripen more or less perfectly, in slmost all it would ripen sufficiently to be useful for eating or wine making. r.ven preen grape are useful for conversion into vinegar, for making tarts, or for wine. Ripe grapes are universally esteemed. No one tires of them. If any decline to eat their own grapes, or grow more than they need lor home consumption, mere is a ready market in most neighborhoods for grapes at from four-pence to a shil ling a pound, according to quality. Thus a flourishing vine on the gable end or front of cottages might make or save the rent many times over. I know many cottage gardens Iu which the vine or vines are not only ornaments, but the main source of profit. These might be multiplied up aud down the country to Infinity. London Oarden. aVeye. i The love that survives the tomb (says Irving) is the noblest attribute of the soul, if it has woes, it has likewise iu delights; snd when the overwhelming burst or gner is lulled into tne genue tear of recollection, then the sudden anguish and convulsive agony over the present ruins of all we most loved and softened away into pensive meditation of all that was in the days of iu loveli ness. Who would root such a sorrow from the heart? Though it may some times throw a passing cioua over uie bright hour of gayety, or spread a deeper sadness over the hours of gloom, yet who would exchange it for the song of pleasure or the burst of revelry? No; there is a voice from the somb sweeter than song; there is remem brance of the dead to which we turn even from the charm of the living. ' The estate of John C. Breckinridge is iounu to amount to aooui S4u,wu. Representative Beck is appointed as one of the executors. : Tocrsr coLim. Training Up m Boy. Have yon a boy from five to eight years old f If so, it is a matter of the greatest importance that you train him up right, leach him from the start that he cant run a cross the door, whoop, chase around the backyard, or nse np a few nails and boards to make cartsor boats. If you let him chase around he'll wear oat shoes and clothes, and nails and boards cost money. Train him to control his appetite Give him the smallest piece of pie ; the bone end of the steak ; the small potato and keep the batter dish oat his reach. By teaching him to corb his appetite you can keep him in good humor. Boys are always in good humor when banger gnaws at their stomachs. If he bap pens to break a dish, thrash him for it: that will mend the dish and teach him a lesson at the same time. If you happen to notice that your hoy's shoes are wearing out. take down the rod and give him a peeling. These shoes were purchased only ten months ago, and though yoo have worn out two pair ml boots during that time, the boy has no business to be so hard on shoes. By giving him a good sound thrashing, you will prevent the shoes from wear ing out. . When you want your boy to go on an errand you should state it, and add "Now go as quick as you can. and if you are gone over five minntes, I'll cat the aide hide off your back ' He will recognize the necessity of baste and will harry up. You could not do the errand yourself inside of tif teen minutes, bat he is not to know that If yoa want him to pile wood, the way to address him is thusly : "Now. see here. Harry. I want every stick of that wood piled up before noon If I come home and find yoa haven't done it, I'll lick yoa till yoa cantstand up!" it is more than a boy of life size ought to do in a whole day, but yoa are not to blame that he is not thirteen years old instead of eight. If yon hear that any one in the neigh borhood has broken a window, stolen fruit or unhinged a gate, be sure that it was your boy. If he denies it, take down the rod and tell him that yon will thrash him to death if he doesn't "own up." but that yoa will spare him if he does. He will own to a lie to get rid of a thrashing, and then yoa can talk to biin about the fate of liars and bad boys, and end op by say ing : "Go te bed now.- and in the morning I'll attend to your case." If yoa takebim to church and he looks around, kicks the seat or smiles at some boy acquaintance, thrash him the mo ment yoa get home. He ought to have been listening to the sermon. If he sees all Uie other boys going to the cir cus, and wants fifteen cents to take him in. tell him what awful things circusses are ; now they demoralize boys ; how be ought to be thrashed for ever seeing the prucecsion go by ; and then when he's sound asleep do you sneak off, pay half a dollar to go in. and come home astonished at the menagerie and pleased with the wondertnl gymnastic feats. Keen vour boy steady at school. have woik for him every holiday; thrash him if he wants to go fishing or banting; restrain bis desire for sketes, kites, and marbles; rout him out at daylight, cold or hot, enff his ears for asking questions; make bis clothes out of your cast off garments, and you'll have thesatisfaction, when oldaud gray headed, of knowing tuat yoa bad trained op a Useful member of society had he not died just as he was getting well broken in. ii. Ouad. Tke area tor of the Wheelbarrow. It takes a great man to do a little thing sometimes. W ho do yoa think invented that very simple thing called the wheeelbarrow 1 w by, no less a man than Leonardo da Vinci. And who was he T lie was a musician, poet, painter, ar chitect, sculptor. pbysiologist,engineer, natural historian, botanist, and inven tor, all in one. He wasn't a "Jack at all trades and master of none," either. He was a real master of many arts and practical worker besides. ben did be live? Somewhere about the time that Co- lam bas discovered America. Aod where was be born f In that beautiful city of Florence, in Italy. Perhaps some of yoa may feel a little better acquainted with him when 1 tell yoa that it was Leonardo da Vinci who who painted one of the grandest pic tures in the world "The Last Sapper" a picture that has been copied many times, and engraved in several styles, so that almost every one bas an idea ot the arrangement and position at the of the figures of Lord and His disciples though I am told that, without seeing the painting itself, no one can form a notion of bow grand and beautiful it is. And only to think of the thousands of poor, hard-working Americans who really own in their wheelbarrow, an original 'work," by Leonardo da Vinci. Sarina the Sawdust. Mobogany tables are not made ot solid mahogany ; nor are rosewood bureaus made of solid rosewood. They are veneered ; that is thin slices of rosewood or mahogany are glued on common wood. A few years ago, they sawed a stick of rose wood mahogany into strips tor veneer ing. Uf courses great deal of the beau til ul wood was lost in sawdust ; as much as half of it was wasted. But a ma chine has been invented which does away with a saw in this work. It shaves instead of saws, and by shaving off the slices nothing is lost, and the saving on a log of rosewood is said to amount to not less, in some cases, than five hun dred dollars. Perhaps yon would have aaid.What is the need of earing about a little saw dust T The waste is not much." Waste counts np. Here were live hundred dollars' worth wasted, or saved. Yes, boy s, waste eon n ts np. YV aste minutes. waste opportunities, waste words, waste pennies, they count up. A person is a great loser by them ; and it makes all the difference in the world as to what bis character is worth, whether he has wasted or saved the sawdust of his life frittered it away, or nsed it in little advantages and smaller means. A RabhiCs Curious House. I have of ten heard of rabbits rearing their young in strange places, but the fol lowing facts seem to me most extraor dinary. An official on the London and Northwestern Railway, had constantly noticed a rabbit passing to and fro on the permanent way. Curious to know where it came from, he examined the locality, and discovered beneath a "railway sleeper" a nest of four young rabbits. He afterwards discovered that whenever the parent rabbit left her yonug she carefully closed the ap erture with sand and small stones. During the day some dozens of trains. often heavily laden, passed over this identical sleeper. Uhudren enena. Most of the twenty cent pieces coined by the San Francisco mint have been gobbled np by the brokers, who retail them to the public at twenty-five cents a piece, . . . Nearly eighteen per cent, more pos tal cards have been sold this year tnan last, and the increase in sale of stamps and stamped envelopes has been nearly six percent, v 5IWS Uf BRUT. The people of Munich average five quarts of beer per day. Paul Boyton has rescued sixty-one persons from drowning. Edwin Booth is going to play "Richard II" next season. The tobacco users of San Francisco expend over ,5,475,000 on tobacco an nually. Pennsylvania has about 230 Ma sonic Lodges with a membership of 3S 000 Master Masons. The street sweepings of Virginia City. Nev., yield $7.54 of silver and $i. 31 of gold to the ton. A Fort Dodge, Iowa, man has ap plied for a patent on a plow to be worked by wind power. Over 80,000 acres of land In Iron county, Missouri, are advertised to be sold for delinquent taxes. President Grant has made one com mencement speech this year. There are sixty-two words in it. The Indiana census brings to light a matron who has nineteen children with but seven births among them. A steam yacht ran around Long Island, 240 miles and won a race iu nine hours and twenty-five minutes. The famous Cunard steamer Scotia. the only side wheel vessel in the traus Atlantic trade has been withdrawn. The St. Louis people are still clam oring to have the next National Demo cratic Convention held In their citv. A picture of Morse, the adaoter of lightning to telegraphy, has beeu de stroyed by lightning iu New Orleans. Something new was observed In New York the other day, In tlie ship ment of 2,300 barrels of aiigar for Tur key. Ex-Go v. Bigler positively declines to be a candidate for the democratic nomination for governor of Pennsylva nia. Carthage, Mj., has a red headed paper with blue continuations. It rep resents its editor ou looking over the subscription list. Ex Senator Poole U a candidate for the Secretaryship of the Interior, though it is by no means certain that Delano U to retire. The state temperance reform party of California have nominated a full ticket for state officers, headed by W. E. uoveu lor goveuor. I. P. Foley. J. MaeFarland and W. B. Shaw, well-known Washington cor respondents, have purchased the Balti more Ecexing News. The Cincinnati Exposition opens September 8, this year, and closes Octo ber 9. Articles will be received from August 2 to September 7. Kate Field made eight thousand dollars the first year sue lectnred. which is probably more than she will ever realize as an actress. There is a great rush to the Black Hills since Prof. Janney gave publicity to the fact that he made twenty-six cents a day washing gold. I'll i T Arial'jf!v-M ii i AT ro rra fYk.nntir tee of the Connecticut Legislature have reported in favor of allowing women to vote in Presidential elections. The friends of Bowdoin College are making great efforts to raise $10,000 for the establishment of a Longfellow Pro fessorship in honor of the poet. Fully 50,000 Detroit people went out to view the scene of the recent tornado devastation, but ouly tweuty-seven per sons attended the relief meeting. The Missouri Democratic State Ex ecutive Committee have resolved that St. Louis is the proper place for the National Democratic Convention. An enterprising New-Englander gives away hymn books to his Sunday school containing on alternate pages clever notices of his clothing store. The Woman's Journal says Mrs. Tilton Is going to ask for a divorce. inat would certainly be more respecta ble than the much predicted making up. A convention in the interest of the greenback party is called to meet at Detroit, Mich. August 2oth, and B. F. Butler, W. D. Kelly. Moses W. Field and others are expected to address the meeting. The old mansion formerly occupied by Lieutenant-General Scott still stands in Elizabeth, N. J., and it is now pro posed to buy it for a publio historical library and depository of old MSS., relics, books "a rendezvous for future generations. The Macon Telegraph and Messen ger says that they are thousands of miles of expensive railways in the South which it would be ruinous to accept as a free gift under the obligation to run them, and it is a melancholy fact that most even of a better class are sadly down at the heel. New Yorkers sre congratulating themselves on the completion of an all rail connection with Long branch. The distance from Jersey City is forty- five miles, and the running time one hour and thirty-five minutes. Six trains pass over -the road each way daily. At the New Hampshire and New England fair at Manchester iu Septem-1 ber there will be an exhibition of dogs, including all the improved varieties, for which several hirndred dollars in pre-1 miums are offered. There are dogs lo ew Hampshire valued at $.tuu oue- or which U mortgaged for $150. One of the Brooklyn jurors, Hal- ted, nominates Evarts for the next President of the L nited States. The suggestion, so far as the man Is con cerned, is not a bad one, but then we do not know that the country bas yet made op its mind to run the canvas of '76 upon the Beecher-TUton Lssue. A lottery manager in Cincinnati has brought suit in a United States Court at Toledo for an Injunction to re strain Post-master Ueneral Jewell trora returning to the writers certain letters containing orders for lottery ticket which have been seized by the order of Mr. Jewell. A good deal of Interest bas been awakened in the result of this suit, as it will be, in one sense, an Im portant test case. A novel civil rights suit has been commenced at Washington. A white man rented a room at a lodging house kept by a colored man. The room was secured in the absence of the landlord. When the lodger returned at night for his room the landlord refused him ad mission and informed him that no white man should lodge in his place. Suit bas been entered against the landlord for violation of the Civil Rights bill. The attempt to eject the Misses Con way from their late mother's theatre reveals the fact that they are paying $13,000 a year for the plat. f the yonng ladies are wise they will submit to the ejection. No theatre in Brooklyn and very few anywhere else can pay such rent and live. Some people have an idea that a theatre is a gold mine,' while in most cases it is only a sluice way through which the money disappear. w
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers