LEWIS BURG CHRONICLE jY 0. N. WOltDEN & J. R. CORNELIUS. TWELFTH YEAR WHOLE NUMBER, 584. fiUpai ftioisbnrg, Union (Eonntt), ffrnnsnlnania. It. C. IIICKOK, Corresi'Oxdixg Editor. $1.50 ter Year, always ix Advance. Cbr twbim (Cdroniclf. FKIt Jt C 'it, 1N5. For the Lewisbnrg Chronicle. Cestlsmen I have taken from your Chroniclo" of last week a copied article on Russian scrfJom written, no doubt, by some America friend of despotic Russia. In correcting the errors in which this ar ticle abounds, I am animated by no hostile (spirit ; but merely by the desire of pla cing before your readers the "holy and tandefiled truth." And let no man say, that Russia has improved (as regards tho masses) since the time that the authors, from whom I have made extracts, have written ; for such is not tho fact. Kus fiia is strictly conservative, most heartily despising innovation : and morecver, Thc tjlore Bulgaria has written since 1340. As fjr the quarrel between Russia and Turkey, it is an old one j and the t'" ril manslavcr ( wlw is entitled to de- i - - mind fourteen ncaus per aiem wiinoui assigning any motive but his Rill, and , Whose pachas have unlimited power over j . e i fto more entitled to our sympathy than the "autocrat of all the Russias." I should think that an American when reflecting on the quarrel, would feel like the venerable Mrs. Punch at the time Old 'ick seized upon her husband and when the baker also grasped him to prevent j Lis forcible abduction : and like her be j deposed to cry "pull devil haul baker," thus encouraging both sides alike, an im partial spectator, not caring which party gained the victory. Looking also at the religious side of ' the question, the superstitious of the f Greek church (the national church of j Russia) are no more Christian or entitled to out indulgence, than the superstitious of the Mohammedans (incorrectly written : Mjhametans). I will give a few examples, i "When a man dies, a priest is hired who ! prays ovcr the corpse, purifies it with iu- j cense, and sprinkles it with holy water, j until it is consigned to the dust. The j priest writes out a passport forhcaven, ! which is signed by the bishop, and in his absence by some other dignitary. This piper is put into the hands of the deceas ed, &e. The noMes wear crosses and am ti...u P-i-;. t ..v.. PI V t,, 47'J ! 1 Jl S .'1 a I Aj A'tUU m. v j i CJ " I. The master can not sell the serf without , the land on which he resides. I "The boyar may select at bis will, any of the children of bis serfs, (after the ' Kuip.ror's censcription is served) for household servacts to learn mechanical arts &c., and can sell or transfer them to n hom he pleases.' Bulgaria. 2. families can not be separated, and the unmarried children, atlrr the death of parents, constitute a family. This enactment is like lha witrbes, pro-; niises in Macbeth. "Ihat keep the word , of promise to our ear. But break it to our hope." At the mere caprice of the ' lord, without assiguing any cause, he may Bat sepeial: husbaud and wife : but "for any offence, o matter how imaginary, the serf is dragged before hU lord, who may inflict the knost cr imprison him at his pleasure." If he wishes to hare him put to death, a formal accusation of the lord's that thc serf has committed some high crime, as disrespectful language in speak- j tog of the Ciar or the Government, for- warded to the Governor of the district j with the uuhappy victim is sufficient rea-; son for his immediate execution. Princes ; and Counts f the Kmpire have power of . inflicting death on the serfs of their own ; estates. Bnlgnriti. j 3. The master's power over the body of Aeserf exteads .ol to .aima.g or periling of , ' The slave of the noble or boyar) is Bometimes flogged until bis hfe is endan-: gercd, aud his daughtets are often the vie-, tims of an iuhuuuu master's lust." Perci- j val's Malte Burn. Book CX. case 54 1. ; ' 1 Bulgaria tells us of an avaricious old ; countess who annually collected thc daugh- j imagined. If the thnM fail in ihi al ters of her serfs, had their long hair 'fn7" Ku"l! "'y strength cutoff, cleansed, packed in bales, sent to f"r a more Operate conflict." St Petersburg and sold to thc perru-! quicrs. 4. The master can not require the serf to marry only according to hit own choice or adect.on. As he has absolute power over bis house hold serfs to give to whom he plcases,and uu power m puuLMi is uuiuuiecc., tuui. ui i death, over all his serfs, it can not be im- .... ... . , . ag.ned that any would be so hardy as to disobey the expressed will of their lord. ! This assertion may therefore be considered J i ftoiiuccly untrue. 5. He is entitled to the labor of only three days of ihe week, an 1 can not require labor j on the Sabbath or en high festivals. i The boyars pay no attention to the let- . . ' J " i ter or spirit of this enactment, except so , far as it regards Sabbaths and high festi- j rals, and this only throuoh respect to the i 1 w u'ouou rtspect iu iuu clergy. "When the time arrives to culti- ' Tate tho lord's domain, the serfs are sum-! , .... I moncd and set to work, being kept con- j u: . : . ? i- -..j ..i... r stantiy at their labor nntil the work is finished, which occupies many weeks ; and during this time they are compelled to tupjtort Oum$clict. Tbey receive in re turn permission to cultivate tbe serfs land for tbe same length of time tbev have been emjloycdon thc LrJ's, without iuterrup-j n tion, but if thry plant before summoned, the spring frosts will nip the young grain, and if they wait until after their labor on the domain is over, the rapid passage of the short and hot Russian summer de prives the poor serfs of the fruits of their labor. Bu'garin. And to show how futile enactments are to protect the serf, I will give further quotations. "The Rus sian nobility," saysa well informed mem ber of that body "possess arbitrary power. Little attention is paid to govern mcnt enactments in the provinces and the neglect arises from the nullity or venality j Terrible Hail Storm. The severest of tribunals, from tho fact that a thousand j ha;i ,orm tbat ever visited this section of acts of oppression may be committed, tne country paascd down the East sido of which are never heard of in the capital, Kecwce river in the afternoon of Friday, (St. Petersburg) and from a criminal in-i 18th inst. It extended about two miles dulgcnce to those who transgress the laws, j width, and raged with great fury, kill by which the protection of the people ; jng h0gg( fih, birds, fowls and insects ; might be otherwise insured." Pcrcival i maiming and bruising the cattle, and strip Malte Bran Rook, CX. page 545. ( pjng vegetation of every vestige above "The boyars residing on their estates ground. The growing crops, with theex- auu m luemiuMoi meir sens arc supreme :uJ ce3 . and v,c; n2 separated b vl one dis- tauce8 fr0ln tbe CapitoI, and being more- ovcr very tenacjou;, 0f tuc;r privileges and l iaious oi any covcrn taenia, inicrie- rence between mem ana meir sens, tney the storm, was four inches. We arc in are rarely molested by the Ciar even, if j formed by several persons that the largest by any chance,an act of oppression toward hailstones measured ten inches in circum a serf should reach bis ears, which is al- ference, and others four inches in length, most impossible, as the governor of the ! It fell with such force that the boards on district is always the very good friend of i several houses were split to pieces aud that the boyars, whose countenance he depends now lue stench arising from the decaying on in bis acts of oppression, of tho free ! vegetable matter is very offensive, farmers, Jews, merchants &e., from whom j e are indebted to the kindness of W. he accumulatcs.by rapacity and extortion, i j. pars0ns, Eq., for a small carpet bag a large fortune." Bulgarin. fuj 0f t,e llaj; gathered upon yesterday, C. Serfs can not be h-ld except by the nn- ei,,lltu Jav after its fall.) Some of sus. How this ameliorates the condition of the serfs, I am at a loss to conjecture, j Nevertheless, even this enactment is vio- i i lated. "The oduodvorzi. or proprietor of I all hereditary estates may purchase serf unier jiclitwut names, but they are liable to be trancportcd arbitrarily from one pro vince to another." Per. M. li. 544. 7. They can not be held except in propor tion to the master's properly in land, there be w required for ea:h serf the puseiua by lue master of tweuty-one acres. I can not find anv thine of the kind in ! K. Pinkerton, Clark, Uulgarin, Malte ; llrun and others. Hut it is certain that i . . . toe ten are supplied will! jaua to cuiti- vate by enactment, and it may be an ar- ! - - rangemeut among the boyars, for their ; own convenience, of the number of agri- ! cui,urai gCrfs or rather families to be 1 cul,,loycd on their c,tates. "After the conscription, me ooyar selects mc ocsi oi , canai are to j,e ru)) n(p t0 'cstcrn ! several families of plauts not ouly strike the sons rcmaiiiing, to be taught median- ( can,,),, anj g0j) anj ti109e on thc Kastcrn ! their roots in different depths and in diffe ical arts, and the daughters as ladies' i iiT;sion are to be taken to tbe North rent directions, but draw different kinds maids, chamber maids, dress makers, and rar.cl, anj other canals. Wo have this of nourishment from the so:l. Vh'u one j the finest looking for a very objectionable from Jiaj.iul Humor, and believe that she ' particular clement of a vrgetalW) is re- I occupation. 1 bey are sent to cities ana large provincial tewns, to practice their various trades aua avocatious tui their lord's benefit, and under the control and direction of the lord's factor." JSatgariu. "Thc master enjoins one to bc a mason, a second to bo a tailor, and a third to be ; a paiuter. Each man labors in his voca- ; tion, and according to the way in which ' the work is executed, he is rewarded with ' jbrandy or puuished with the lash." I'. M. I!., 543. I will close this article with an extract from Pcrcival's Note Hook, CIV, page 470, g. which appears to be prophetic, "The opening of the Hosphorus to the fleets of all nations, is the first and great object of the war now carried on by the Russians against the Turks. As long as the Porte exercises its present restrictive power, the Hlack sea will be to thc Rus- gjarJ navy bat an inland lake, and the eomni(!rcia, ,nJ 0f cour8e the agricultural prosperity of Southern Russia will be in F measure at thc mercy of Turkish "price. That a uation so powerful as Kussia, should consent any longer to bc tnus embargoed, and cut off from the use - , . . .... 1 01 a great natural ouiics can uaraiy De Themlore Bularin, a Sassian author.was born near -Moscow, and wrote a very amus ing work on Russian domestic life, manners an 1 customs. 'O.ieofthe official names nf the Turkish Sultan. 'Phlinnr nl ...ln.iiralir V... lt, njac- aniry is Vortky, a sort of whisky man'e Irom Uar'y and R)- Th's liquor (of which the serfs are very fond) is distilled solelv by the Jews j;ry hnyar has a Jevih aen, on his estate, and the produce of the sierfs passes rrn'ls'lieinh'ee'e',5"0 ;hi,nS,,'e, il for coarse cart henware.coarse clothing.vodky aud tobacco : and never reserving niort of his produce, than is barely sufficient for the wants of his family. Bulgaria relates an amusing scene between a drunken serf and a Jev"hf 'U:h Pr S"f j" T mercifully cheated. The Jew pays to the boyar a yearly sum for ihe privilege of keep, "K a vodky or drinking house, and is the boyar's co"vTnint traA whe hfis scant f mon,v. liulcann observes, the Jew general- ly ends by cheating the boyar, as murh as he does ,he srrf' and nnt '.hat ,he riian of prohibition against the Jews, bv Peter the , ' , .hollM hae ever been reDeaIed. y, ... The Locusts. The Montgomery (Ala) Journal states that myriads of the locusts that recently made that vicinity vocal by their peculiar music, Lave perished, and the ground is literally strewn with their dead bodies, A Terrible Hailstorm. Tho Columbia (S. C.) Times of. May 20 savs the annexed account of a hail storm whieh visited Pickens District on Fridav the lSlh of May, exceeds every thing of the kind wc have read or heard of. Hail stones 10 inches in circumference and four inches in length, lying upon the ground six feet deep. If brother Thompson was not known to be a gentleman of veracity, wc are not sure but what we would conclude ho was ' joting. i ception of corn, aro completely ruined. n St.r ;r..rm ... tlitd fh tn;rj aft(.r its fall, the hail was from one ' t0 two feet deep, and in many places, six fnnf Thr avonirn d.nth on a. invci. alter the stones were as large as guinea egg?, i and had been taken from an open field,. the thermometer standing at 'JU during ,wo days past. The storm extended from the mountains iu North Carolina Kast. iVJ.cn (& C.) Courier. Sale of Car Stock. It is rumored that the Transportation Lompan.es on the rennsyivanu canai ana i n . .... i 1 ! I... .-.I. I.ta cnT.l tlirtlf AttitA afnnV tf . cars to the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- . ti...v ,n frn. th 1 road' Company 1WI,000, although the 1 C5tiIIlate of tbe tovk did not reach 550,- ! . ... ncia ti.. l?.;! ,,! ;a f anc;nn r.f ., .l. i -.!. t (,; 1 ajv.ijs.-juju r - vu " v- utia ja. uu , nionth. T,0 1J Transportations have ! stor,pcj rCceip:ing,aud will uot ship goods j aftur ,uat tille cTLe ll0at!, belonging to i ,i. rnlnn,n:,.1 nn i.:..:,:n "nt ! .s,,caks the truth. We will now see what jn(j 0f stuff thc 'anaj Hoard is made of. ,A;ufoirn Echo. Couldn't, cos he Sung so ! Leaning idly over a fence, a few days slDCCi we noticed a littlo four year old "lord of the creation" amusing himself in the grass, by watehi the frolicsome flight of bir Js which were playing around him. At length a beautiful bobolink perched himself upon a drooping bough of an apfic tree, which extended to within a few yards of where the urchin tat, and maintained bis position apparently unconscious of the close proxomity to one whom birds usually consider a dangerous neighbor. The boy seemed astonished at his impu dence, and after regarding him steadily for a minute or two, obeying the instinct of his baser part, he picked up a stone lying at bis feet, and was preparing to throw it, steadying himself carefully for a good aim. Thc little arm was reached backward without alarming the bird, aud "Boh" was within an ace of damage, when lo ! bis throat swelled, and forth came Nature's ploa : -"a link a-link a-l i-n-k, bob-o- .... i . . i i. ims, ooo o-uu . a-uuiw b uu. ; throw it I throw it. throw it. &8.. is. ; i and he didn't ! Slowly the little arm subsided to its natural position, and the ; now despised stono dropped. The mm-1 , , , , t it t i! strcl charmed tne muruerer i t e nearu the songster through, and watched his uu harmed flight, as did the boy, with' a sorrowful countenance. Anxious to hear an expression of the little fellow's feelings, we approached him and inquired. Why didn't you stone him, my boy? You might have killed hiin and carried him home. The poor little fellow looked np doubt itigly, as though ho suspected our mean ing, aud with an impression, half shame and half sorrow, he replied. "Couldn't ! cos he $ung to!'' Who will say that our nature is wholly depraved, after that; or aver that "music hath no charms to ootho tho savage breast." Melody awakened Humanity, and Humanity Mercy I The angels who sang at the Creation, whit-perd in the child's heart. The bird was saved, and God was glorified by the deed. Now little boys! don't stone the birds. Clinton, Courier. It is said that nearly a million of bush els of oats have arrived at Buflalo aod Oi. wegij N. Y., ciucc navigation opened. Teleorai-hic. When it was first rc- V" Professor Morse had succeeded conveying intelligence between Balti- ! nro ! Washington, through the wires of the Magnetic Telegraph, one old savant, who had boon a schoolmaster and a mem ber of the Legislature; gave it as his opinion that the report was "a humbug !" In fact, from his knowledge of "astronomy," he said the thing could not be done I Short ly after, O'Beilli-y's men were seen sett ing poles directly by the old man's dwell ing. One day ho joined the crowd who were witnessing the operation of stretch ing the wire. Upon being asked what he thought of the matter then, he hesitated a moment, assuming an air of importance, and then replied : "Well, gentlemen,while in the Legislature, I gave the subject con siderable attention and reflection, I have come to the conclusion that it may answer very well for small packages, but will nev er do for largo bundles never 1" Southcy, in his "Omniana," relates tho following : "When I was last in Lisbon. a nun made her escape from the nunnery. ! The first thing for which she inquired when , sue rcaci.ca me iiouse m which sue was 10 1 OC secrcieu was a innKing glass, cue nau l . - Cl , . 1 entered the convent when only five years old, aud fa iu that time had never seen her own face. We fancy wc bate flattery, when all wc hate is the awkwardness of the flatterer. TIIi: FARM : The Garden The Orchard. Rotation of Crops. Although instauces are frequently cited, of certain plants being raised on particu- i . e i f ,. ..- Ine ennta fit irronnr. lor rpir niter vpjir. 1 c J J ' without any apparent dimiunt'.on in the produce, yet it is generally allowed that a ... - i c ? i rotation of crops is always of advantage, and often of the greatest iuiportauce. Ve i .. .i i i l0uS.ucr ., ..... -r . -r " ... j a i i i of manure. Gardeners are sometimes j heard to complain of vegetables becom- j Ir.ornoca of snil.nnrl rhn rpfrular arnlieation : .i i t . i i . .. lug -iiree oi iuu firu.ua u... - Krin lnnrr fiilti vatnd. T U'V ar atta.kwi by numerous diseases and insects, while a j d. n. ienev is to be discovered iu the amount of the produce. As soon as this is known some wiseacres will send many nu nL in nrdiT in tirnruro m w vanttits ot the old ones have "deceue-! j C rated." A more certain method of relief would be to adopt a good rotation of cmp,wbich U based on the well known fact, that the moved from the soil, thc vegetable can not again be raised there, uutil that cle ment bo restored. It is, therefore, advi sable to alternate thc crops, by which means the land will have opportunity to regain its original strongt'j and fertility. This is illustrated by Dutii N'.iture her self. If old mature were t ibe attentively . ...,.. ,i,i i... f,..i .l,t th rr. es gradually change from season to season; and in wood-land, it would bc discovered, that an entirely diffore ut kind of tree takes of the coniferw will succeed tho oak, tho chesnut auJ other deciduous trees. A rotation 's derigned to prevent a too . " . irequeni recurrence oi tne same species , upon a particular spot, oomc au.uors lay ; down regular plans ior toe gumancc m ncw promis0 t0 ,(, cspCctant husband thcir readers ; but as thc space annnally j men T,1C scarm -Ja BoW s faf ajvaBCCj appropriated to different plants depends ! tbat we may consiJcr tue fruil out of jan. upon circumstances.it will bc readily seen ger M far M ,fcat h conctrue1. that all such courses or plans are difficult fue biossoms upon thc trees have been of applicatian. Instead, therefore, of fol- j g0 al)UnJant ti,i9 ppring as lvJ excite parti lowing this practice, we shall content our-; cuar attcntion. 0rie ' !nut alui06t be. selves with some general rules wmei. pos-( , . ,., : . .... ... i sess mc mem ui oiuiiriie... so that the reader can aaapi tucm iu ui3 ' --...t. 1 Iu thc firt p,ac(. vegclables of the same ; sp, dl, thM MA follow each other, but ..., distant intervals as tbe case . i. : How. Tuberous or lap roots stiouia be succeeded by those of a fibrous charac ter: perennials by auuuals ; and plants of a dry, solid texture, or those left for seed, by such as are succulent and juicy, j Ground which has necessarily been devo ted for a number of years to the artichoke, asparagus, rhubarb, strawberry, and the like, should, as soon as they are removed to otner parts oi tne enclosure, oc suojec- ,he Bppearance 0f graia fields. Thc grow ted to a strict rotation, and allowed to re- jng croJ)3 of 0a(g anJ wheat, already cover those elements of fertility of which : waye ; winJj RnJ Bcvcral fic,Js it has been exhausted. V hero the gar- i f nrn ...! a, f(.r boein The droucht ... i t i den is divided into quarters, the vegeta- j bles can easily be maao to tase a circuit , in every four or eight years. ; A little reflection will satisfy thc inlel- j ligent reader, that by observing an alter- nation of crops, digging his soil to a proper dcpth.and manuring it abundautly, be need have no fear of its losing its fer- i tuny, or oi cole egU.uu.u ueec..c- rating. &W' Gantcn. Text B-jok. Beans with Indian Corn. It has long been an undecided question whether beans planted with Indian corn are ao actual injury to the crop. Last year I had a piece of corn on the south side of a hill, of rather gentle descent, and as it presented a favorable opportuui- ty, I determined to make the trial. There were fifty rows of thirty-six hills each, in the piece. Commencing on one side, I counted off eight rows, and planted the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth to corn and beans dropping the beans not with the corn, but about six inches on ono side. Eight moro rows were then counted off, and the next four planted in the same way ; the remainder of tho entire piece was planted to corn alone. At harvest, the first fonr rows, having the beans in them, were cut and weighed, and then the four rows immediately con tiguous on either side, wcro cut and weighed. The same course was pursued in reference to the othor rows, and the rows nearest them on either hand, and the result was no perceptible difference exis ted in the amouut of corn produced by the rows having beans in the hills, and that of the rows having none. The soil thro' out the piece was as nearly of the same quality as it well could be, and the man agement of tho entire piece was in every respect the same. The beans made, very good crop, were well fillco plump and fair, and the corn was also good. The manure thc hill. The crop was hoed three times, and a gill of plaster applied to the hill at I tho second hoeing. S. H". J., in Ocr j nt'infotrn Ttlrgr.ijth. Early Tomatoes. There are some general principle$,wbieh lie at the basis both of good farming and Eardenins. and which are applicable to : r.L i . li iiruwiu" wiin success au ua& irec, as well .co j . . ,. r . l .: in a . ' ' 1 1 1 .1 n j . i i l I u o . i.niir iiiauiiu V mikes fibre cither in the roots of a tree . .m . l 1 : . ti. a ur vi'Kuuum ucrc. au-i is uuiu iuu &L-Lit'i ; tomatoes. Our Tomato Plants, at the , rmiddleof last months are ei'liuen tiuus hnjh, slimt, thtrkiy hrnnrhed all aro-jnd, with a hard, not sue - , ; culent stem, and out in blossom. In a t. .L,. " -i'" " ' v w j ' are growing, dig them op with a praJ0' anJ CB0Ufe'" carta ana roct" alhrr- iaS to on. as oa,d ff 1uart I"" ".m.nrc.niiip them into the cart.nnd r.l iTII iri.'irt nnr ltlinr nn n f,r rl .u.iv 1 v...w - w v as 11 may "appen, ana not expect a leaf or blossom to hardly droop its head or wither. The reason is, they will have been thrice tntnyJunlcd. 1'irstsown thick- !y in the frame, then pricked out into rows afterwards as they increase in size, trans- planted iuto other rows, wider apart and where they would have phuty if room in rich soil to expand and grow before the last removal. The consequence is thry acquire a mass of fibrous roots, the very life of thc plant, to which thc earth ad heres, and the stem acquires a firmnefs, not easily affected by tho weathor. This is of course done in frames nnder glass, which arc raised from time to time as the height of the plants nny require, and to give them room. In this way we have tomatoes about two weeks before our neighbors. Farm Journal. mv T'lrr'T The Crops in Western Pennsylvania. in is porno., oi i cnnv .vau.a, e Du'ine the last week we had two refreshing rains j thatcame at thc moment when they were ; ' needed. The rain of Friday night was 1 I 1-. 1 .1- f warm anJ anJ cvcry p.ow. if)g thing an(Jcr i(s illflaenw ?miiej a j - ,icvc l!lat tb,y (thc trecs) hai retained ; ,h. ,,(, .l,lr.niT Kin I il niiiim-r nnfl " "b " J anJ i were about to cive a double crop " , . ; branches of the chcrrv tree Presented nuitc i . . r .i i . i ! , ahou . ti'ncc. I T1)(y wcro corapll.tcly Clivc,npcd in bios-; . ..t..i i i:.i..:...i i. ! fl'iu?, auu luuaeu cue lung e j nLo..iea. u-, r,'',s- i In Cue all fruit trees promise a most , abundant yield for this season. As it regards thc prospect for cereals, in our little trips to the country we hear, ij cueuriiig Hums iiuiu mv laimrin. m those portions of Westmoreland and Fay ette counties, throngh which we rode a fiw d.ivs since, we made it a point to mark - j ' of Jast ycar accm! , bavo irongb, a ivfs. ! Jng lMai for wg arfl inforil)(,ll ,bat ; nuny of ,bc mo9t injur;ons ;liSe(.t!, an,l ; pMsj ,0 bav(, ahimi culirc. ; ,y estcrminat0(1 0T M w0 ula7 S3J burnt j out As rtlgarJjJ lbe potato crops it is yet tQ0 miy 0 f((rm any juJgnict. As , j gcm.ral tb;ng iIOWCVCr, tha season that j faTOrs;,tbcr crops ffit infnrc a fair yield to ; J lbeln aiways making allowance for the! rot, which comes and goes as it will, appa rently regardless of times or seasons. What we have written above seems but j an echo of what comes to us from all parts of tho country, and the smiles of nature continuing with us, the crops of this sea son will be sufficiently ubtiudant to rcfil j exhausted granaries and make this country again the source of supply to the world that seems now bent upon consuming with out producing. Capital ia Farming. Our correspondent, I-'. A. Uirg', of SpriugScld, Mass., has requested an article for beginners, on the amount of capital re quired fur commentiug farm opera tions, in which he thiuks there arc hun dreds of our young readers who would be interested. In compliance with this re quest, we proceed to furnish a few practi cal hiuts on the subject. The great leading error of most of the young farmers of our country is in not "counting the cost." The first thing they do is to expend not ouly all their capital in buying as large a farm as possible, but most usually they run largely iuto debt. Their desire for large possessions leaves them nothing to stock and improve the farm, and hence for many years, while loaded with a discouraging debt, their farms remain poorly provided with ani- B, qJ lemeatj anJ with a j gooJ , of n are t w f , . . . 4. . for CHnnMUMl tn nrriiirm ail their r.rwra- tions to a great disadvantage ; their small crops affWd no nctt profits, and they be come discouraged and lose the energy and enterprises essential to success. These causes are the most fruitful source of poor and slip-shod farming in America. It is not very diiEcult, iu traversing the eoun- try, to point out among the various occu- ra" 01 an, "oiu t!ie appcarauce oi i thi Tiremisps. BTlrli as ar hurtht'tieil vitlx (. ... . . Leavv debt. Irom those wuo hive a pond J ' a i i 1 1 J Ul "R eapnai. It has h'lvn remark'! that in T!n viand. r " o i . ... j a man wears anl everything tint he eat, i and where the cultivator must farm well ur uul ' " luu amouuv oi cajinai iu uu- ; 6m Wltn nmst bc at)0Ut as Ercat in renUng i a "rmr ' 1D tuiing one iu the best farm- ! in? di,trict8 of our own covntrv. The re i - suit in everything is done in the best roan ner; and if farmers are cnmpeUtd to farm well there, or else become baukrupt and starve, why may w not adopt from chiice weeds when only an inch high, with very the rame advantageous course in this little labor, and the young plants grew vig country to lay up handsome profits oroua'y. The other, being crowded in his against a rai ny day and bc enabled to enjoy the rare gratitieatiun of feeling able give liberally, to charitable and useful objects, without deranging one's financial concerns ? One great reason why young (an J often than tripple thc former, and the crop old) farmers are so poorly mpplied with greatly inferior. We could multiply in surplus capital after buying land, is. that stances of all kinds bearing in thc same di they have never estimated how much they rcction, and showing that the farmer in his will want. An estimate of this sort would I eagerness to possess many acres, weakens prevent many heavy purchases of farms his means fjr present action, not only slop's and the entire consumption of means it would induce smaller outlays in land, and larger expenditures iu the means f r mak- for years to come. Country o'.nrtman. ing heavy nett profits. We therefore pur- j rromThVp.nTrl. rl. JoL pose, by way of affording sonic assistance Large R SmII potatoe9 for See4 on this subject, tj point out what a mode- j j L l)ARL,.NOTOs : I a state rate farmer actually and indispensably re-, mcnt f JIr c x A,tiw f Wilmington, quires besides a f .no aud g,l lulij.,,g,. : Vt.rm(,u, ; tLtJ rouDlj, , tbe yllIase Tlic of fiir""' iu ""y, wiU n, p,rLi,ps rXe,-ed j,ne hundred -; proxy, acres , lie ,,.110wing wm i.e re- vantage. Live .W.-This will vary much with the character and quality of the land, its 1 connection with market, kc, but thc fol- j t , - r ' c e . i . ... I u ft fof fl.r,ile kn(L :i horses, at ?1 (K) 'iOO 1 yoke ofoien 100 S milrh cow.?25 100 10 steers. heifer and calves loO 50 pics. .ri 100 sheep. 2 2M Poultry, &e. 10 Jmplementt. To farm twmicnUy, these must be of thc best, especially those kt firn .t.ili. .ijaiI A ntnv r..r insl.niu iti... .1 . ..n.. , unm . i . .'.."..'v., ,hat savcs only one-eighth of a team's strength, will save an hour a day, or more iu' UJiB " : .1 i ni !,.. ...,1.1 Iw. . . , low. A simple hand-hoe so well made l. ...... ' . . inat ,t uaU enable tue laufircr to uo one hour's more work daily, will save twelve ( davs ; a hundred, enough to pay for ma- j. 0f the best made implements, of the kinJ. TllcjC CXaIuple8 are sufficient to sbow ,(,. importance of securing thc best. ; a plows nuea .or work.auu sina:. uo -.- j l ctioivaior 1 harrow 1 roller 1 seed planter 1 fannin; mill. in 10 is 1 straw cutter 1 root-slieer 1 farm naou. 1 ox-rart, 1 horse-cart, with h.iy rakos, c. ISO Harness for three horses 60 1 shovel, t sp.tde.5 manure forks.3 hay forks. 1 pointed shovel, I grain-hovel 1 pick. I hammer, I wood saw. I tur nip hook. 2 ladders, 2 sheep shears, 2 steelyards, (large and small), 1 half bushel mcasuie, each $1. SO 1 horse rake H 2 grain cradles, 2 scythes 1 1 wheelbarrow 6 I maul ami wedgcs.2 axes c 1 hay knife, 1 ui chain 1 tape line .for measuring fields andcrops S 1 grindstone ' 1 crowbar 1 sled and fixtures , 30 liand-hrs, haiolrakes. basUis, stable lantern, curry comb and biu-hftam bag. Ac. eay 17 H In addition to the sub soil plow, sowing machine, mower and reaper, thrashing machine, horse power for sawing wood, cutting straw, &c, would more than double) the amount, but young farmers may hiro most of these during the earlier periods of their practice. A set of the simpler car penter's tools, for repairing implements in rainy weather, would soon repay their cost.' Resides the preceding, the trtdt for the various farm crops, would cost not less than 875 ; hired the labor for one year, to do the work well, wonld probably be as much as $350; and food for maintaining all the domestic animals from the opening of spring until graas, and grain for horses till harvest, would not be less in Talus than $100 ; $525 in all. For domrMie animals $1010 For implemepu 474 J For seeds, food and labor 5S5 That is, tiPO-thoHtand doUart are needed the first year, for stocking and eonducting satisfactorily the operations of a good hun dred acres of improved land ; several items will doubtless be supplied or added to tho list by the recollection of every farmer. Thissum will no doubt seem frightfully large to some who have never made a si milar estimate ; we would therefore re quest such to sit down and see Low much they can spare without inconvenience or loss ; and the question will arise, how can we command so large an amouut ?. Wo answer, Buy smaller farms expend less in land, and more in means to till it well. ! Much as we dulike running into debt, it i is better to borrow money for the latter, j than the far more common practice of bor- ; rowing to pay for land For, by running i in f..e T-.nt fulli.woil Kw Lad till:.irf " ---- -i . j - . tho vnnnrr farmer will b Ion in extrinat- J e o It i ,e i i l l. ing himself from a depressing load ; whila on the contrary, movable capital will en able him to perform everything at tho right moment of time, and in the very lest manner. lie will not be "too poor to bo i-uuu jmieai, uul wu. uneu save uiucu wj . a little timely outlay. A single example will show the econo my of a prompt use of means. Two far mers had each sown a crop of rutabagas. The first, who was always enabled to take - time by tie fore-lock, hoed tho young ! work from deficient calculation, and consc- quently debctent help, was compelled to defer his hoeing ten days, when the weeds t had grown six inches high, and had half smothered the crop. Thc labor was more thc worst kind of econo-ny, but compels j himself to continue iu thu losing system. lWord, in which he says, that he has bofn intto ,iaL;t (,f j,,, ,arg9 f ,, . ... tl, . sLnrt nf ..,, , ,., ,,n ,e . e . . t , . mrlimon urn ; and tbat he raised equally as good otatoes from the small, as he did from the large seed. Now, it such is thc rase, why is it that when farmers go to select their seed corn, they pick the longest, tho thickest, tha best grown, the largest grained and tho ripest cars in their crib J Why not lay their refuse corn aside to plant, if tbey can raise as good a crop from it f Why is it that they go to their wheat field and select the best lot of wheat io the field. an j put ;t awST ; tne;r barrjs whcre thry can get it tor seed f hy not take tho . - - - ""f'-l re'onaMe faracr in the connrv sib.itf i, rea?onaPic urmcr in tne country, but who kuows that such a system would Lo ruiuus to his crops, because it is the JircU rcad M dcgencra,ion wbicD j Ono Joar might t,e go trifling as not to be ob- scrvtl) but fuilow up tbe Mme eysU.m for twenty ycarS) a((i tWl.nty mA degenerm. tiuDS together and ace what they will I amount to. Ia my opinion, potatoes have , sustaiurd more damage by planting small, indifferent, half-ripe seed, and by planting the potatoe for ages without intermission, ; thau it has by all other causes combined. 1 Thc potatoe, to do it justice, should be renewed from tho seed of the apple, St least, in every twelve or hflcen year. I firmly believe that planting potatoes for furccsMve ages without reneaing, and planting half grown and half ripe seed,are the main causes of the potatoe sot and failures in the crop. II0WAK1 WILLIAMSON. Willistown, April 7tb, 1855. Thc most harmless way of getting rid of flies is to expose in a plate a strong solution of quassia chips and brown sugar. Tbe tly-prpcrs sold for the purpose aro made by ssneaiing melted renin with a littlti sujar on p ijier.
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