LEWIS
BURG
CHRONICLE
jY 0. N. WOltDEN & J. R. CORNELIUS.
TWELFTH YEAR WHOLE NUMBER, 584.
fiUpai ftioisbnrg, Union (Eonntt), ffrnnsnlnania.
It. C. IIICKOK, Corresi'Oxdixg Editor.
$1.50 ter Year, always ix Advance.
Cbr twbim (Cdroniclf.
FKIt Jt C 'it, 1N5.
For the Lewisbnrg Chronicle.
Cestlsmen I have taken from your
Chroniclo" of last week a copied article
on Russian scrfJom written, no doubt, by
some America friend of despotic Russia.
In correcting the errors in which this ar
ticle abounds, I am animated by no hostile
(spirit ; but merely by the desire of pla
cing before your readers the "holy and
tandefiled truth." And let no man say,
that Russia has improved (as regards tho
masses) since the time that the authors,
from whom I have made extracts, have
written ; for such is not tho fact. Kus
fiia is strictly conservative, most heartily
despising innovation : and morecver, Thc
tjlore Bulgaria has written since 1340.
As fjr the quarrel between Russia and
Turkey, it is an old one j and the t'"
ril manslavcr ( wlw is entitled to de-
i - -
mind fourteen ncaus per aiem wiinoui
assigning any motive but his Rill, and ,
Whose pachas have unlimited power over j
. e i
fto more entitled to our sympathy than the
"autocrat of all the Russias."
I should think that an American when
reflecting on the quarrel, would feel like
the venerable Mrs. Punch at the time Old
'ick seized upon her husband and when
the baker also grasped him to prevent j
Lis forcible abduction : and like her be j
deposed to cry "pull devil haul baker,"
thus encouraging both sides alike, an im
partial spectator, not caring which party
gained the victory.
Looking also at the religious side of '
the question, the superstitious of the f
Greek church (the national church of j
Russia) are no more Christian or entitled
to out indulgence, than the superstitious
of the Mohammedans (incorrectly written :
Mjhametans). I will give a few examples, i
"When a man dies, a priest is hired who !
prays ovcr the corpse, purifies it with iu- j
cense, and sprinkles it with holy water, j
until it is consigned to the dust. The j
priest writes out a passport forhcaven, !
which is signed by the bishop, and in his
absence by some other dignitary. This
piper is put into the hands of the deceas
ed, &e. The noMes wear crosses and am
ti...u P-i-;. t
..v.. PI V t,, 47'J !
1 Jl S .'1 a I Aj A'tUU m. v j i CJ "
I. The master can not sell the serf without ,
the land on which he resides. I
"The boyar may select at bis will, any
of the children of bis serfs, (after the '
Kuip.ror's censcription is served) for
household servacts to learn mechanical
arts &c., and can sell or transfer them to
n hom he pleases.' Bulgaria.
2. families can not be separated, and the
unmarried children, atlrr the death of parents,
constitute a family.
This enactment is like lha witrbes, pro-;
niises in Macbeth. "Ihat keep the word ,
of promise to our ear. But break it to
our hope." At the mere caprice of the '
lord, without assiguing any cause, he may
Bat sepeial: husbaud and wife : but "for
any offence, o matter how imaginary, the
serf is dragged before hU lord, who may
inflict the knost cr imprison him at his
pleasure." If he wishes to hare him put
to death, a formal accusation of the lord's
that thc serf has committed some high
crime, as disrespectful language in speak- j
tog of the Ciar or the Government, for-
warded to the Governor of the district j
with the uuhappy victim is sufficient rea-;
son for his immediate execution. Princes ;
and Counts f the Kmpire have power of .
inflicting death on the serfs of their own ;
estates. Bnlgnriti. j
3. The master's power over the body of
Aeserf exteads .ol to .aima.g or periling of ,
' The slave of the noble or boyar) is
Bometimes flogged until bis hfe is endan-:
gercd, aud his daughtets are often the vie-,
tims of an iuhuuuu master's lust." Perci- j
val's Malte Burn. Book CX. case 54 1. ;
' 1
Bulgaria tells us
of an avaricious old ;
countess who annually collected thc daugh- j imagined. If the thnM fail in ihi al
ters of her serfs, had their long hair 'fn7" Ku"l! "'y strength
cutoff, cleansed, packed in bales, sent to f"r a more Operate conflict."
St Petersburg and sold to thc perru-!
quicrs.
4. The master can not require the serf to
marry only according to hit own choice or
adect.on.
As he has absolute power over bis house
hold serfs to give to whom he plcases,and
uu power m puuLMi is uuiuuiecc., tuui. ui i
death, over all his serfs, it can not be im-
.... ... . , .
ag.ned that any would be so hardy as to
disobey the expressed will of their lord. !
This assertion may therefore be considered
J i
ftoiiuccly untrue.
5. He is entitled to the labor of only three
days of ihe week, an 1 can not require labor j
on the Sabbath or en high festivals. i
The boyars pay no attention to the let-
. . ' J " i
ter or spirit of this enactment, except so ,
far as it regards Sabbaths and high festi- j
rals, and this only throuoh respect to the i
1 w u'ouou rtspect iu iuu
clergy. "When the time arrives to culti- '
Tate tho lord's domain, the serfs are sum-!
, .... I
moncd and set to work, being kept con- j
u: . : . ? i- -..j ..i... r
stantiy at their labor nntil the work is
finished, which occupies many weeks ;
and during this time they are compelled to
tupjtort Oum$clict. Tbey receive in re
turn permission to cultivate tbe serfs land
for tbe same length of time tbev have been
emjloycdon thc LrJ's, without iuterrup-j
n
tion, but if thry plant before summoned,
the spring frosts will nip the young grain,
and if they wait until after their labor on
the domain is over, the rapid passage of
the short and hot Russian summer de
prives the poor serfs of the fruits of their
labor. Bu'garin. And to show how
futile enactments are to protect the serf, I
will give further quotations. "The Rus
sian nobility," saysa well informed mem
ber of that body "possess arbitrary
power. Little attention is paid to govern
mcnt enactments in the provinces and the
neglect arises from the nullity or venality j Terrible Hail Storm. The severest
of tribunals, from tho fact that a thousand j ha;i ,orm tbat ever visited this section of
acts of oppression may be committed, tne country paascd down the East sido of
which are never heard of in the capital, Kecwce river in the afternoon of Friday,
(St. Petersburg) and from a criminal in-i 18th inst. It extended about two miles
dulgcnce to those who transgress the laws, j width, and raged with great fury, kill
by which the protection of the people ; jng h0gg( fih, birds, fowls and insects ;
might be otherwise insured." Pcrcival i maiming and bruising the cattle, and strip
Malte Bran Rook, CX. page 545. ( pjng vegetation of every vestige above
"The boyars residing on their estates ground. The growing crops, with theex-
auu m luemiuMoi meir sens arc supreme
:uJ ce3 . and v,c; n2 separated b vl one dis-
tauce8 fr0ln tbe CapitoI, and being more-
ovcr very tenacjou;, 0f tuc;r privileges and
l iaious oi any covcrn taenia, inicrie-
rence between mem ana meir sens, tney the storm, was four inches. We arc in
are rarely molested by the Ciar even, if j formed by several persons that the largest
by any chance,an act of oppression toward hailstones measured ten inches in circum
a serf should reach bis ears, which is al- ference, and others four inches in length,
most impossible, as the governor of the ! It fell with such force that the boards on
district is always the very good friend of i several houses were split to pieces aud that
the boyars, whose countenance he depends now lue stench arising from the decaying
on in bis acts of oppression, of tho free ! vegetable matter is very offensive,
farmers, Jews, merchants &e., from whom j e are indebted to the kindness of W.
he accumulatcs.by rapacity and extortion, i j. pars0ns, Eq., for a small carpet bag
a large fortune." Bulgarin. fuj 0f t,e llaj; gathered upon yesterday,
C. Serfs can not be h-ld except by the nn- ei,,lltu Jav after its fall.) Some of
sus.
How this ameliorates the condition of
the serfs, I am at a loss to conjecture,
j Nevertheless, even this enactment is vio- i
i lated. "The oduodvorzi. or proprietor of I
all hereditary estates may purchase serf
unier jiclitwut names, but they are liable
to be trancportcd arbitrarily from one pro
vince to another." Per. M. li. 544.
7. They can not be held except in propor
tion to the master's properly in land, there be
w required for ea:h serf the puseiua by
lue master of tweuty-one acres.
I can not find anv thine of the kind in !
K. Pinkerton, Clark, Uulgarin, Malte ;
llrun and others. Hut it is certain that
i . . .
toe ten are supplied will! jaua to cuiti-
vate by enactment, and it may be an ar- !
- -
rangemeut among the boyars, for their ;
own convenience, of the number of agri- !
cui,urai gCrfs or rather families to be 1
cul,,loycd on their c,tates. "After the
conscription, me ooyar selects mc ocsi oi , canai are to j,e ru)) n(p t0 'cstcrn ! several families of plauts not ouly strike
the sons rcmaiiiing, to be taught median- ( can,,),, anj g0j) anj ti109e on thc Kastcrn ! their roots in different depths and in diffe
ical arts, and the daughters as ladies' i iiT;sion are to be taken to tbe North rent directions, but draw different kinds
maids, chamber maids, dress makers, and rar.cl, anj other canals. Wo have this of nourishment from the so:l. Vh'u one j
the finest looking for a very objectionable from Jiaj.iul Humor, and believe that she ' particular clement of a vrgetalW) is re- I
occupation. 1 bey are sent to cities ana
large provincial tewns, to practice their
various trades aua avocatious tui their
lord's benefit, and under the control and
direction of the lord's factor." JSatgariu.
"Thc master enjoins one to bc a mason,
a second to bo a tailor, and a third to be ;
a paiuter. Each man labors in his voca- ;
tion, and according to the way in which '
the work is executed, he is rewarded with '
jbrandy or puuished with the lash." I'. M.
I!., 543.
I will close this article with an extract
from Pcrcival's Note Hook, CIV, page
470, g. which appears to be prophetic,
"The opening of the Hosphorus to the
fleets of all nations, is the first and great
object of the war now carried on by the
Russians against the Turks. As long as
the Porte exercises its present restrictive
power, the Hlack sea will be to thc Rus-
gjarJ navy bat an inland lake, and the
eomni(!rcia, ,nJ 0f cour8e the agricultural
prosperity of Southern Russia will be in
F measure at thc mercy of Turkish
"price. That a uation so powerful as
Kussia, should consent any longer to bc
tnus embargoed, and cut off from the use
- , . . .... 1
01 a great natural ouiics can uaraiy De
Themlore Bularin, a Sassian author.was
born near -Moscow, and wrote a very amus
ing work on Russian domestic life, manners
an 1 customs.
'O.ieofthe official names nf the Turkish
Sultan.
'Phlinnr nl ...ln.iiralir V... lt, njac-
aniry is Vortky, a sort of whisky man'e Irom
Uar'y and R)- Th's liquor (of which the
serfs are very fond) is distilled solelv by the
Jews j;ry hnyar has a Jevih aen, on
his estate, and the produce of the sierfs passes
rrn'ls'lieinh'ee'e',5"0 ;hi,nS,,'e, il
for coarse cart henware.coarse clothing.vodky
aud tobacco : and never reserving niort of
his produce, than is barely sufficient for the
wants of his family. Bulgaria relates an
amusing scene between a drunken serf and a
Jev"hf 'U:h Pr S"f j" T
mercifully cheated. The Jew pays to the
boyar a yearly sum for ihe privilege of keep,
"K a vodky or drinking house, and is the
boyar's co"vTnint traA whe hfis scant f
mon,v. liulcann observes, the Jew general-
ly ends by cheating the boyar, as murh as he
does ,he srrf' and nnt '.hat ,he riian
of prohibition against the Jews, bv Peter the
, ' , .hollM hae ever been reDeaIed.
y, ...
The Locusts. The Montgomery (Ala)
Journal states that myriads of the locusts
that recently made that vicinity vocal by
their peculiar music, Lave perished, and
the ground is literally strewn with their
dead bodies,
A Terrible Hailstorm.
Tho Columbia (S. C.) Times of. May 20
savs the annexed account of a hail storm
whieh visited Pickens District on Fridav
the lSlh of May, exceeds every thing of
the kind wc have read or heard of. Hail
stones 10 inches in circumference and four
inches in length, lying upon the ground
six feet deep.
If brother Thompson was not known to
be a gentleman of veracity, wc are not
sure but what we would conclude ho was
' joting.
i ception of corn, aro completely ruined.
n St.r ;r..rm ... tlitd fh
tn;rj aft(.r its fall, the hail was from one
' t0 two feet deep, and in many places, six
fnnf Thr avonirn d.nth on a. invci. alter
the stones were as large as guinea egg?, i
and had been taken from an open field,.
the thermometer standing at 'JU during
,wo days past.
The storm extended from the mountains
iu North Carolina Kast. iVJ.cn (& C.)
Courier.
Sale of Car Stock.
It is rumored that the Transportation
Lompan.es on the rennsyivanu canai ana i
n . .... i 1
! I... .-.I. I.ta cnT.l tlirtlf AttitA afnnV tf .
cars to the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
. ti...v ,n frn. th 1
road' Company 1WI,000, although the 1
C5tiIIlate of tbe tovk did not reach 550,- !
. ...
ncia ti.. l?.;! ,,! ;a f
anc;nn r.f ., .l. i -.!. t (,; 1
ajv.ijs.-juju r - vu " v- utia ja. uu ,
nionth. T,0 1J Transportations have !
stor,pcj rCceip:ing,aud will uot ship goods j
aftur ,uat tille cTLe ll0at!, belonging to i
,i. rnlnn,n:,.1 nn i.:..:,:n "nt !
.s,,caks the truth. We will now see what
jn(j 0f stuff thc 'anaj Hoard is made of.
,A;ufoirn Echo.
Couldn't, cos he Sung so !
Leaning idly over a fence, a few days
slDCCi we noticed a littlo four year old
"lord of the creation" amusing himself in
the grass, by watehi
the frolicsome flight
of bir Js which were playing around him.
At length a beautiful bobolink perched
himself upon a drooping bough of an apfic
tree, which extended to within a few yards
of where the urchin tat, and maintained
bis position apparently unconscious of the
close proxomity to one whom birds usually
consider a dangerous neighbor.
The boy seemed astonished at his impu
dence, and after regarding him steadily for
a minute or two, obeying the instinct of
his baser part, he picked up a stone lying
at bis feet, and was preparing to throw it,
steadying himself carefully for a good aim.
Thc little arm was reached backward
without alarming the bird, aud "Boh" was
within an ace of damage, when lo ! bis
throat swelled, and forth came Nature's
ploa : -"a link a-link a-l i-n-k, bob-o-
.... i . . i i.
ims, ooo o-uu . a-uuiw b uu. ;
throw it I throw it. throw it. &8.. is. ; i
and he didn't ! Slowly the little arm
subsided to its natural position, and the ;
now despised stono dropped. The mm-1
, , , , t it t i!
strcl charmed tne muruerer i t e nearu
the songster through, and watched his uu
harmed flight, as did the boy, with' a
sorrowful countenance. Anxious to hear
an expression of the little fellow's feelings,
we approached him and inquired.
Why didn't you stone him, my boy?
You might have killed hiin and carried
him home.
The poor little fellow looked np doubt
itigly, as though ho suspected our mean
ing, aud with an impression, half shame
and half sorrow, he replied.
"Couldn't ! cos he $ung to!''
Who will say that our nature is wholly
depraved, after that; or aver that "music
hath no charms to ootho tho savage
breast." Melody awakened Humanity,
and Humanity Mercy I The angels who
sang at the Creation, whit-perd in the
child's heart. The bird was saved, and
God was glorified by the deed. Now little
boys! don't stone the birds. Clinton,
Courier.
It is said that nearly a million of bush
els of oats have arrived at Buflalo aod Oi.
wegij N. Y., ciucc navigation opened.
Teleorai-hic. When it was first rc-
V" Professor Morse had succeeded
conveying intelligence between Balti-
! nro ! Washington, through the wires
of the Magnetic Telegraph, one old savant,
who had boon a schoolmaster and a mem
ber of the Legislature; gave it as his opinion
that the report was "a humbug !" In fact,
from his knowledge of "astronomy," he
said the thing could not be done I Short
ly after, O'Beilli-y's men were seen sett
ing poles directly by the old man's dwell
ing. One day ho joined the crowd who
were witnessing the operation of stretch
ing the wire. Upon being asked what he
thought of the matter then, he hesitated
a moment, assuming an air of importance,
and then replied : "Well, gentlemen,while
in the Legislature, I gave the subject con
siderable attention and reflection, I have
come to the conclusion that it may answer
very well for small packages, but will nev
er do for largo bundles never 1"
Southcy, in his "Omniana," relates tho
following : "When I was last in Lisbon.
a nun made her escape from the nunnery.
! The first thing for which she inquired when
, sue rcaci.ca me iiouse m which sue was 10
1 OC secrcieu was a innKing glass, cue nau
l . - Cl , . 1
entered the convent when only five years
old, aud fa iu that time had never seen her
own face.
We fancy wc bate flattery, when all wc
hate is the awkwardness of the flatterer.
TIIi: FARM :
The Garden The Orchard.
Rotation of Crops.
Although instauces are frequently cited,
of certain plants being raised on particu-
i . e i f ,. ..-
Ine ennta fit irronnr. lor rpir niter vpjir.
1 c J J '
without any apparent dimiunt'.on in the
produce, yet it is generally allowed that a
... - i c ? i
rotation of crops is always of advantage,
and often of the greatest iuiportauce. Ve
i .. .i i i
l0uS.ucr ., ..... -r . -r
" ... j a i i i
of manure. Gardeners are sometimes j
heard to complain of vegetables becom- j
Ir.ornoca of snil.nnrl rhn rpfrular arnlieation :
.i i t . i i . ..
lug -iiree oi iuu firu.ua u... -
Krin lnnrr fiilti vatnd.
T U'V ar atta.kwi
by numerous diseases and insects, while a
j
d. n. ienev is to be discovered iu the
amount of the produce. As soon as this
is known some wiseacres will send many
nu nL in nrdiT in tirnruro m w vanttits ot
the old ones have "deceue-!
j C
rated."
A more certain method of relief would
be to adopt a good rotation of cmp,wbich
U based on the well known fact, that the
moved from the soil, thc vegetable can
not again be raised there, uutil that cle
ment bo restored. It is, therefore, advi
sable to alternate thc crops, by which
means the land will have opportunity to
regain its original strongt'j and fertility.
This is illustrated by Dutii N'.iture her
self. If old mature were t ibe attentively
. ...,.. ,i,i i... f,..i .l,t th rr.
es gradually change from season to season;
and in wood-land, it would bc discovered,
that an entirely diffore ut kind of tree takes
of the coniferw will succeed tho oak, tho
chesnut auJ other deciduous trees.
A rotation 's derigned to prevent a too
. " .
irequeni recurrence oi tne same species ,
upon a particular spot, oomc au.uors lay ;
down regular plans ior toe gumancc m ncw promis0 t0 ,(, cspCctant husband
thcir readers ; but as thc space annnally j men T,1C scarm -Ja BoW s faf ajvaBCCj
appropriated to different plants depends ! tbat we may consiJcr tue fruil out of jan.
upon circumstances.it will bc readily seen ger M far M ,fcat h conctrue1.
that all such courses or plans are difficult fue biossoms upon thc trees have been
of applicatian. Instead, therefore, of fol- j g0 al)UnJant ti,i9 ppring as lvJ excite parti
lowing this practice, we shall content our-; cuar attcntion. 0rie ' !nut alui06t be.
selves with some general rules wmei. pos-(
, . ,., :
. .... ... i
sess mc mem ui oiuiiriie...
so that the reader can aaapi tucm iu ui3 '
--...t. 1
Iu thc firt p,ac(. vegclables of the same ;
sp, dl, thM MA follow each other, but
..., distant intervals as tbe case
. i. :
How. Tuberous or lap roots stiouia
be succeeded by those of a fibrous charac
ter: perennials by auuuals ; and plants
of a dry, solid texture, or those left for
seed, by such as are succulent and juicy, j
Ground which has necessarily been devo
ted for a number of years to the artichoke,
asparagus, rhubarb, strawberry, and the
like, should, as soon as they are removed
to otner parts oi tne enclosure, oc suojec- ,he Bppearance 0f graia fields. Thc grow
ted to a strict rotation, and allowed to re- jng croJ)3 of 0a(g anJ wheat, already
cover those elements of fertility of which : waye ; winJj RnJ Bcvcral fic,Js
it has been exhausted. V hero the gar- i f nrn ...! a, f(.r boein The droucht
... i t i
den is divided into quarters, the vegeta- j
bles can easily be maao to tase a circuit ,
in every four or eight years. ;
A little reflection will satisfy thc inlel- j
ligent reader, that by observing an alter-
nation of crops, digging his soil to a
proper dcpth.and manuring it abundautly,
be need have no fear of its losing its fer- i
tuny, or oi cole egU.uu.u ueec..c-
rating. &W' Gantcn. Text B-jok.
Beans with Indian Corn.
It has long been an undecided question
whether beans planted with Indian corn
are ao actual injury to the crop.
Last
year I had a piece of corn on the south
side of a hill, of rather gentle descent,
and as it presented a favorable opportuui-
ty, I determined to make the trial. There
were fifty rows of thirty-six hills each, in
the piece. Commencing on one side, I
counted off eight rows, and planted the
ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth to corn
and beans dropping the beans not with
the corn, but about six inches on ono side.
Eight moro rows were then counted off,
and the next four planted in the same
way ; the remainder of tho entire piece
was planted to corn alone.
At harvest, the first fonr rows, having
the beans in them, were cut and weighed,
and then the four rows immediately con
tiguous on either side, wcro cut and
weighed. The same course was pursued
in reference to the othor rows, and the
rows nearest them on either hand, and the
result was no perceptible difference exis
ted in the amouut of corn produced by the
rows having beans in the hills, and that
of the rows having none. The soil thro'
out the piece was as nearly of the same
quality as it well could be, and the man
agement of tho entire piece was in every
respect the same. The beans made, very
good crop, were well fillco plump and fair,
and the corn was also good. The manure
thc hill. The crop was hoed three times,
and a gill of plaster applied to the hill at
I tho second hoeing. S. H". J., in Ocr
j nt'infotrn Ttlrgr.ijth.
Early Tomatoes.
There are some general principle$,wbieh
lie at the basis both of good farming and
Eardenins. and which are applicable to
: r.L i . li
iiruwiu" wiin success au ua& irec, as well
.co j
. . ,. r . l .:
in a . ' ' 1 1 1 .1 n j . i i l I u o . i.niir iiiauiiu
V
mikes fibre cither in the roots of a tree
. .m . l 1 : . ti. a
ur vi'Kuuum ucrc. au-i is uuiu iuu &L-Lit'i
;
tomatoes. Our Tomato Plants, at the
, rmiddleof last months
are ei'liuen tiuus hnjh, slimt, thtrkiy
hrnnrhed all aro-jnd, with a hard, not sue -
, ; culent stem, and out in blossom. In a
t. .L,.
" -i'" " ' v w
j ' are growing, dig them op with a
praJ0' anJ CB0Ufe'" carta ana roct" alhrr-
iaS to on. as oa,d ff 1uart
I"" ".m.nrc.niiip them into the cart.nnd
r.l iTII iri.'irt nnr ltlinr nn n f,r rl .u.iv
1 v...w - w v
as 11 may "appen, ana not expect a
leaf or blossom to hardly droop its head
or wither. The reason is, they will have
been thrice tntnyJunlcd. 1'irstsown thick-
!y in the frame, then pricked out into rows
afterwards as they increase in size, trans-
planted iuto other rows, wider apart and
where they would have phuty if room in
rich soil to expand and grow before the
last removal. The consequence is thry
acquire a mass of fibrous roots, the very
life of thc plant, to which thc earth ad
heres, and the stem acquires a firmnefs,
not easily affected by tho weathor. This
is of course done in frames nnder glass,
which arc raised from time to time as the
height of the plants nny require, and to
give them room. In this way we have
tomatoes about two weeks before our
neighbors. Farm Journal.
mv T'lrr'T
The Crops in Western Pennsylvania.
in is porno., oi i cnnv .vau.a, e
Du'ine
the last week we had two refreshing rains
j thatcame at thc moment when they were ;
' needed. The rain of Friday night was
1 I 1-. 1 .1-
f warm anJ anJ cvcry p.ow.
if)g thing an(Jcr i(s illflaenw ?miiej a j
-
,icvc l!lat tb,y (thc trecs) hai retained ;
,h. ,,(, .l,lr.niT Kin I il niiiim-r nnfl
" "b " J
anJ i
were about to cive a double crop
" , .
; branches of the chcrrv tree Presented nuitc i
. . r .i i . i !
, ahou . ti'ncc. I
T1)(y wcro corapll.tcly Clivc,npcd in bios-;
. ..t..i i i:.i..:...i i. !
fl'iu?, auu luuaeu cue lung e j nLo..iea. u-,
r,'',s- i
In Cue all fruit trees promise a most ,
abundant yield for this season.
As it regards thc prospect for cereals,
in our little trips to the country we hear,
ij cueuriiig Hums iiuiu mv laimrin. m
those portions of Westmoreland and Fay
ette counties, throngh which we rode a
fiw d.ivs since, we made it a point to mark
- j '
of Jast ycar accm! , bavo irongb, a ivfs. !
Jng lMai for wg arfl inforil)(,ll ,bat ;
nuny of ,bc mo9t injur;ons ;liSe(.t!, an,l ;
pMsj ,0 bav(, ahimi culirc. ;
,y estcrminat0(1 0T M w0 ula7 S3J burnt j
out As rtlgarJjJ lbe potato crops it is yet
tQ0 miy 0 f((rm any juJgnict. As , j
gcm.ral tb;ng iIOWCVCr, tha season that j
faTOrs;,tbcr crops ffit infnrc a fair yield to ;
J lbeln aiways making allowance for the!
rot, which comes and goes as it will, appa
rently regardless of times or seasons.
What we have written above seems but j
an echo of what comes to us from all parts
of tho country, and the smiles of nature
continuing with us, the crops of this sea
son will be sufficiently ubtiudant to rcfil
j exhausted granaries and make this country
again the source of supply to the world
that seems now bent upon consuming with
out producing.
Capital ia Farming.
Our correspondent, I-'. A. Uirg', of
SpriugScld, Mass., has requested an article
for beginners, on the amount of capital re
quired fur commentiug farm opera
tions, in which he thiuks there arc hun
dreds of our young readers who would be
interested. In compliance with this re
quest, we proceed to furnish a few practi
cal hiuts on the subject.
The great leading error of most of the
young farmers of our country is in not
"counting the cost." The first thing they
do is to expend not ouly all their capital
in buying as large a farm as possible, but
most usually they run largely iuto debt.
Their desire for large possessions leaves
them nothing to stock and improve the
farm, and hence for many years, while
loaded with a discouraging debt, their
farms remain poorly provided with ani-
B, qJ lemeatj anJ with a
j gooJ , of n are t w
f , . . . 4. .
for CHnnMUMl tn nrriiirm ail their r.rwra-
tions to a great disadvantage ; their small
crops affWd no nctt profits, and they be
come discouraged and lose the energy and
enterprises essential to success. These
causes are the most fruitful source of poor
and slip-shod farming in America. It is
not very diiEcult, iu traversing the eoun-
try, to point out among the various occu-
ra" 01 an, "oiu t!ie appcarauce oi
i thi Tiremisps. BTlrli as ar hurtht'tieil vitlx
(. ... . .
Leavv debt. Irom those wuo hive a pond
J ' a
i
i 1 1 J Ul "R eapnai.
It has h'lvn remark'! that in T!n viand.
r " o i
. ...
j a man wears anl everything tint he eat,
i and where the cultivator must farm well
ur uul ' " luu amouuv oi cajinai iu uu-
; 6m Wltn nmst bc at)0Ut as Ercat in renUng
i a "rmr ' 1D tuiing one iu the best farm-
! in? di,trict8 of our own covntrv. The re
i -
suit in everything is done in the best roan
ner; and if farmers are cnmpeUtd to farm
well there, or else become baukrupt and
starve, why may w not adopt from chiice weeds when only an inch high, with very
the rame advantageous course in this little labor, and the young plants grew vig
country to lay up handsome profits oroua'y. The other, being crowded in his
against a rai ny day and bc enabled to
enjoy the rare gratitieatiun of feeling able
give liberally, to charitable and useful
objects, without deranging one's financial
concerns ?
One great reason why young (an J often than tripple thc former, and the crop
old) farmers are so poorly mpplied with greatly inferior. We could multiply in
surplus capital after buying land, is. that stances of all kinds bearing in thc same di
they have never estimated how much they rcction, and showing that the farmer in his
will want. An estimate of this sort would I eagerness to possess many acres, weakens
prevent many heavy purchases of farms his means fjr present action, not only slop's
and the entire consumption of means it
would induce smaller outlays in land, and
larger expenditures iu the means f r mak- for years to come. Country o'.nrtman.
ing heavy nett profits. We therefore pur- j rromThVp.nTrl. rl. JoL
pose, by way of affording sonic assistance Large R SmII potatoe9 for See4
on this subject, tj point out what a mode- j j L l)ARL,.NOTOs : I a state
rate farmer actually and indispensably re-, mcnt f JIr c x A,tiw f Wilmington,
quires besides a f .no aud g,l lulij.,,g,. : Vt.rm(,u, ; tLtJ rouDlj, , tbe yllIase
Tlic of fiir""' iu ""y,
wiU n, p,rLi,ps rXe,-ed j,ne hundred -;
proxy, acres , lie ,,.110wing wm i.e re-
vantage.
Live .W.-This will vary much with
the character and quality of the land, its 1
connection with market, kc, but thc fol- j t
, - r ' c e . i . ... I
u ft fof fl.r,ile kn(L
:i horses, at ?1 (K) 'iOO
1 yoke ofoien 100
S milrh cow.?25 100
10 steers. heifer and calves loO
50 pics. .ri
100 sheep. 2 2M
Poultry, &e. 10
Jmplementt. To farm twmicnUy,
these must be of thc best, especially those
kt firn .t.ili. .ijaiI A ntnv r..r insl.niu
iti... .1 . ..n.. , unm . i . .'.."..'v.,
,hat savcs only one-eighth of a team's
strength, will save an hour a day, or more
iu' UJiB " :
.1 i ni !,.. ...,1.1 Iw. .
. ,
low. A simple hand-hoe so well made
l. ...... ' . .
inat ,t uaU enable tue laufircr to uo one
hour's more work daily, will save twelve (
davs ; a hundred, enough to pay for ma-
j. 0f the best made implements, of the
kinJ. TllcjC CXaIuple8 are sufficient to
sbow ,(,. importance of securing thc best. ;
a plows nuea .or work.auu sina:. uo -.- j
l ctioivaior
1 harrow
1 roller
1 seed planter
1 fannin; mill.
in
10
is
1 straw cutter
1 root-slieer
1 farm naou. 1 ox-rart, 1 horse-cart,
with h.iy rakos, c. ISO
Harness for three horses 60
1 shovel, t sp.tde.5 manure forks.3 hay
forks. 1 pointed shovel, I grain-hovel
1 pick. I hammer, I wood saw. I tur
nip hook. 2 ladders, 2 sheep shears,
2 steelyards, (large and small), 1 half
bushel mcasuie, each $1. SO
1 horse rake H
2 grain cradles, 2 scythes 1
1 wheelbarrow 6
I maul ami wedgcs.2 axes c
1 hay knife, 1 ui chain
1 tape line .for measuring fields andcrops S
1 grindstone '
1 crowbar
1 sled and fixtures , 30
liand-hrs, haiolrakes. basUis, stable
lantern, curry comb and biu-hftam
bag. Ac. eay
17 H
In addition to the sub soil plow, sowing
machine, mower and reaper, thrashing
machine, horse power for sawing wood,
cutting straw, &c, would more than double)
the amount, but young farmers may hiro
most of these during the earlier periods of
their practice. A set of the simpler car
penter's tools, for repairing implements in
rainy weather, would soon repay their cost.'
Resides the preceding, the trtdt for the
various farm crops, would cost not less
than 875 ; hired the labor for one year, to
do the work well, wonld probably be as
much as $350; and food for maintaining
all the domestic animals from the opening
of spring until graas, and grain for horses
till harvest, would not be less in Talus
than $100 ; $525 in all.
For domrMie animals $1010
For implemepu 474 J
For seeds, food and labor 5S5
That is, tiPO-thoHtand doUart are needed
the first year, for stocking and eonducting
satisfactorily the operations of a good hun
dred acres of improved land ; several items
will doubtless be supplied or added to tho
list by the recollection of every farmer.
Thissum will no doubt seem frightfully
large to some who have never made a si
milar estimate ; we would therefore re
quest such to sit down and see Low much
they can spare without inconvenience or
loss ; and the question will arise, how can
we command so large an amouut ?. Wo
answer, Buy smaller farms expend less
in land, and more in means to till it well.
! Much as we dulike running into debt, it
i is better to borrow money for the latter,
j than the far more common practice of bor-
; rowing to pay for land
For, by running
i in f..e T-.nt fulli.woil Kw Lad till:.irf
" ---- -i . j -
.
tho vnnnrr farmer will b Ion in extrinat-
J e o
It i ,e i i l l.
ing himself from a depressing load ; whila
on the contrary, movable capital will en
able him to perform everything at tho
right moment of time, and in the very lest
manner. lie will not be "too poor to bo
i-uuu jmieai, uul wu. uneu save uiucu wj
. a little timely outlay.
A single example will show the econo
my of a prompt use of means. Two far
mers had each sown a crop of rutabagas.
The first, who was always enabled to take
- time by tie fore-lock, hoed tho young
! work from deficient calculation, and consc-
quently debctent help, was compelled to
defer his hoeing ten days, when the weeds
t had grown six inches high, and had half
smothered the crop. Thc labor was more
thc worst kind of econo-ny, but compels
j himself to continue iu thu losing system.
lWord, in which he says, that he has
bofn intto ,iaL;t (,f j,,, ,arg9
f ,, . ... tl, . sLnrt nf
..,, , ,., ,,n ,e . e
. . t , . mrlimon
urn ; and tbat he raised equally as good
otatoes from the small, as he did from
the large seed.
Now, it such is thc rase, why is it that
when farmers go to select their seed corn,
they pick the longest, tho thickest, tha
best grown, the largest grained and tho
ripest cars in their crib J Why not lay
their refuse corn aside to plant, if tbey
can raise as good a crop from it f Why
is it that they go to their wheat field and
select the best lot of wheat io the field.
an j put ;t awST ; tne;r barrjs whcre thry
can get it tor seed f hy not take tho
.
- - -
""f'-l re'onaMe faracr in the connrv
sib.itf i, rea?onaPic urmcr in tne country,
but who kuows that such a system would
Lo ruiuus to his crops, because it is the
JircU rcad M dcgencra,ion wbicD j Ono
Joar might t,e go trifling as not to be ob-
scrvtl) but fuilow up tbe Mme eysU.m for
twenty ycarS) a((i tWl.nty mA degenerm.
tiuDS together and ace
what they will
I amount to. Ia my opinion, potatoes have
, sustaiurd more damage by planting small,
indifferent, half-ripe seed, and by planting
the potatoe for ages without intermission,
; thau it has by all other causes combined.
1 Thc potatoe, to do it justice, should be
renewed from tho seed of the apple, St
least, in every twelve or hflcen year. I
firmly believe that planting potatoes for
furccsMve ages without reneaing, and
planting half grown and half ripe seed,are
the main causes of the potatoe sot and
failures in the crop.
II0WAK1 WILLIAMSON.
Willistown, April 7tb, 1855.
Thc most harmless way of getting rid
of flies is to expose in a plate a strong
solution of quassia chips and brown sugar.
Tbe tly-prpcrs sold for the purpose aro
made by ssneaiing melted renin with a
littlti sujar on p ijier.