(Mil 110 MAI H KiOW. D. Have you read the Consti tution of the United States? R. Yes. D. What form of Government is this? R. Republic. D. What is the Constitution of the United States? R. It is the fundamental law of: this country. D. Who makes the laws of the United States? R. The Congress. D. What does Congress consist of? R. Senate and House of Rep resentatives. D. Who is the chief executive of the United States? R. President. | D. How long is the President of the United States elected? f R. 4 years. D. Who takes the place of the President in case he dies? R. The Vice President. D. What is his name? R. Thomas R. Marshall. D. By whom is the President of the United States elected? R. By the electors. i D. By whom are the electors elcted ? e R. By the people. 1). Who makes the laws for the state of Pennsylvania. R. The Legislature. D. What does the Legislature consist of? R. Senate and Assembly. D. How many State in the un- j ion? R. 48. D. When was the Declaration of Independence signed? R, July 4, 1776. D. By whom was it written? R. Thomas Jefferson. D. Which is the capital of the United States? R. Washington. I). Which is the capital of the state of Pennsylvania. R. Harrisburg. D. How many Senators has each state in the United States Senate? R. Two. D. By whom are they elected? R. By the people. D. For how long? R. 6 years. D. How many representatives are there ? .. R. 435. According to the pop ulation one to every 211.000, (the! ratio fixed by Congress after each decennial census.) D. For how long are they elect ed? R. 2 years. D. How many electoral votes has the state of Pennsylvania? R. 38. D. Who is the chief executive of the state of Pennsylvania ? R. The Governor. D. For how long is he elected?; rfc. 4 years. D. Who is the Governor? R. Brumbaugh. D. Do you believe in organized government ? ! R. Yes. i [ D. Are you opposed to organiz- j |-.d government? R. No. D. Are you an anarchist? R. No. D. What is an anarchist? R. A person who does not be ieve in organized government. D. Are you a bigamist or poll- j gamist ? R. No. D. What is a bigamist or poly-! gam ist ? R One who believes in having mor. than one wife. D. Do you belong to any secret; Society who teaches to disbelieve j in organized government? R. No. | D. Have you ever violated any I h vvp of the United States? R. No. D. Who makes the ordinances] for the City ? R. The board of Aldermen. D. Do you intend to remain; permanently in the U. S. ? R. Yes. The Day Not Set. Ethel—Oh, I am so happy! George and I have made up. Lena—And what day have you fixed upon for your marriage? i Ethel—Oh, we haven't quarreled over j that yet!— Judge. I Clever Scheme. "Blink's wife seems to be quite a mu sician." "Yes, she is a line pianist" "How does she keep in practice when she is away from home?" "She carries a large muff." "What for?" "Just to keep her baud in!"— Pear son's Weekly. Ypres In England. We have the name of Ypres in Eng land—in that of the Ypres tower at Rye, in Sussex, though local talk knows nothing of its proper pronunci ation and broadly calls it the "Wipers tower." It is a twelfth century build ing, the oldest secular building of all the Cinque ports, and was at one time the only stronghold of the town, though later walls and gates were built. The reason for its name is to be found in the commonly accepted statement that it was built by William des Ypres. earl of Kent. Ixmdou Globe. "Is It Possible?" Prince George of Denmark was nick named Est-il-possible by James 11. It is said that when the startling events of the revolution of 1688 succeeded one another with breathless rapidity the emotions of Prince George found vent in the repeated exclamation. "Est-il possible?" King James, enumerating | those who had forsaken him. said, 1 "And Est-il-possible has gone tool" I I A Lamblike Lion. "Well, did you have that social Hon at your reception that you were tell ing me about?" "Oh. yes. He was there." "And did he roar?" "No. His wife was also present, and he could only bleat*'—Birmingham Age-Herald. Meek Reproach. Lady (who has given tramp a plate of scraps)— You mu3t feel the humilia tion of begging for food. Tramp—lt's not tlwit so much. mem. What hurts me is that I'm depriving the pore ln nercent fowls of a feed.—London Tele graph. How to Throw the Spitball. 1 A spitball is thrown just opposite to an ordinary curve. Instead of giving the rotary motion with the fingers, it is given with the thumb. The thumb is placed firmly against a seam, and the saliva is applied to the ball be neath the fingers. The ball is thrown overhanded, and slipping easily from beneath the moistened fingers, but gripped firmly by the thumb against ! the seam, a sharp rotary motion is giv en to the ball. When properly thrown a sharp break is secured, the direction of the break depending upon the angle !at which the ball is released. The ball ; is controlled by the thumb.—American | Boy. Reading History. He who reads history learns to dis tinguish what is local from what is 1 universal, what is transitory from I what is eternal; to discriminate be tween exceptions and rules, to trace i the operation of disturbing causes, to separate the general principles which are always true and everywhere ap plicable from the accidental circum stances with which in every commu nity they are blended and with which, i in an isolated community, they are confounded by the most philosophical mind. Hence it is that in generalization the writers of modern times have far surpassed those of antiquity.—Macau lay. Aluminium. Since the Centennial exposition an entirely new industry in mining and I metallurgy has been developed through the production of aluminium. No alu minium was produced on a commercial scale in 1876. His Occupation. "What does your father do?" "Whatever mother tells him." "I mean what's h;n occupation?" ,4 Oh. his occupation! Pa's a confla gration ejector; puts out fires, you know." —Boston Transcript. DARING COSSACKS Russian Rough Riders an Old and Famous Body. ONCE KNIGHTS OF FREEDOM. i In Former Times They Were Known Entirely as Defenders of the Poor and the Oppressed—Deadly as Marksmen and Experts With the Sword. The popular conception of the Rus sian Cossack is a whiskered atrocity who rides with the speed of the wind, comes to do acts of pillage and of ra pine and then goes back again into the bosom of the tall grass from which be came. By many he is supposed to be long to a legendary tribe whose history 6tretches back into the blackness of the dark ages from which he has not yet emerged. No; the Cossack is in many respects like the simple Russian peasant. In others he is like the cowboy of the western plains, whose home is as much In the saddle as in his own village. Far from being oppressors, the Cos sacks were once known entirely as the defenders of the poor and the wrong ed. They belonged to an order of rus tic chivalry, the Kazachestvo, the Knights of Freedom. The name Kazak is of Tartar origin and means "Freeman." It was applied to men driven from the more settled countries and who under the blue sky rode without the trammel of tradition, without the interference of kings, po tentates and powers. There was a time when nobles laid heavy hand upon the subject and human life was held iu small account. The thirteenth and the fourteenth centuries saw the Cossacks developed into communities living in the neigh borhood of the river Dnieper and rid ing hither and thither to keep watch and ward over the domain of the em peror. The cowboy guards of the great southwest in this country, who are > now disappearing from our American life, are Cossacks in spirit. When they become cavalrymen, Texas Rangers or rough riders they are American Cos sacks. There were some criminals among the Cossacks, but once they had en rolled in the Cossack legions they left 1 behind them all their past. Some were exiles for political reasons, others had been hunted for taking into their own hands the avenging of wrongs. And what avails a name after all? When the officers of the state came inquiring into the Cossack encampments for De metri this and Ivan that nothing was known of them at all, for the Cossacks permitted men to divest themselves of former titles and to begin the free life with a new nomenclature. To them the newcomer were "Big Nose," "Yel low Buttons" or some other nicknamed comrade. While other persons paid taxes the Cossack was subject to no such incon venient levy. His share was paid by the power of his sword and his pistols. ; He insisted always that he was not to be assessed, but that he should give j his military service when Russia re quired it of him. When the Cossack communities were first formed they were inhabited only by men. The Kazachestvo took vows !of celibacy. It was an order that lived i like anchorites and fought like demons. > As the ages have passed there have been many changes. The Cossacks have families and their own home life. At first, however, young and daring youths were sent out to ride with the Cossacks, and there was no system of chivalry more punctilious than was thi> ' government of the men of the steppes. 1 Offenses that involved violation of their vows or the ill treatment of the i weak and the oppressed were punLshed with death. The sentences were quick ly imposed and executed. Cowboy justice and Cossack rule an* the same in principle. The dress of the Cossack has become more or less conventional as the years have gone. We see him in the long coat of brown or of green, with the great lambskin cap on Lis head, with strong beits containing cartridges about his waist. He shows the influence of military training. The Cossack of to day is a model of elegance compared with what he used to be. He seized garments covered with gold lace, coats of silks and sable and smeared them with mire and tallow to show bis su preme disregard for fine trappings. lie wore coarse garb, but in the care of his weapons the Cossack has always been punctilious. His markmanship was deadly and accurate, even when riding at full speed, as that of the cowboys of the western United States. The Cossack 3 have been expert swordsmen for cen turies. Their proficiency in arms came from their environment. The steppes in which they sought their livelihood were covered with grass often so high only the head and shoulders of the rid ers appeared above the top of it. Game was abundant in those thick tangles: fruit could be obtained easily; the riv ers teemed with fish. The wnnts of the Cossacks were few and simple They could do with much or little. A slice of horseflesh carried under the saddle to keep it warm was a ration fit to be called a luxury.—New York Herald. Shows It. Knicker—Does your wife understand the use of leftovers? Bocker—Yes: she is constantly pointing out to me how she might have married them.—Judge Idleness is the beginning of all vice®. —German Proverb. """ I Upon Him Rests Burden ot ; Drafting Reply to Note V * jjy: Photo by American Press Association. ROBERT LANSING, Secretary of State. j— , TROUSER MAKERS STRIKE Ten Thousand Men Walk Out In New York City. New York, July 13. —Ten thousand men who make trousers are on strike 1 aere. According to an official of the Amalgamated Garment Workers of America this means a reduction in the output of t'oo,ooo pairs of trousers a day. The troubles of the pantmakers are entirely separate from those of the In ternational Garment Workers' union. If the threatened strike of operatives in the latter organization develops x dearth of women's clothes w ! ii result, ' but both employers and employees arc hopeful that this will be averted. Much confidence is placed in the mayor's conciliation board, which is in session today. There is less optimism among the manufacturers of men's garments and the operatives. There seemed pros pects that within a few days the strike may spread to all workers of men's clothes and even invade, though not to a great extent, the realm of work ers of women's clothing. In that case approximately 75,000 persons would . be affected. GERARD SIGNED WILSON NOTE Berlin Papers Disclose Fact, Which Causes Comment. , i New York, July 13. —Copies of Ger • man newspapers which have reached New York disclose the interesting fact that the second Lusitania note sent by President Wilson to the Berlin gov ernment was signed by the American ambassador in Berlin, James W. Ge rard. This shows that the American notes thus are handed to the Berlin foreign office by the American repre sentative in the German capital. It is recalled in contrast with this that the German reply to President Wilson's note was signed, as all j previous ones, by Herr von Jagow, the German minister of foreign affairs, ; and that they were not sent through the German embassy at Washington. This gives rise to speculation as to whether the German ambassador, • Count von Bernstorff, is being inten tionally ignored, either ty request from Washington, or upon the de cision of Wilhelmstrasse itself. WILL BUILD SUBMARINES Two Large Concerns Will Begin Building Undersea Craft. Washington, July 13. Formal notice has been received by the secre i tary of the navy that the New York ■ Shipbuilding company and the New port Shipbuilding company, two of the largest concerns of the kind in the United States, are about to go into th business of constructing submarines. The news aroused great inteies among naval officials because it prob ably means broader developments in this type of war vessels. At present there are only two submarine build ing companies in this country. That there is room for more is indicated by an apparent determination on the part of the present administration for the department to ask congress to greatly enlarge the submarine flotillas of the a™griran mv. T ruth. Truth does not change. What cbanjvr: Is merely our understanding of the eternal fact—Youth's Companion. Animal Etiquette. No one who is at all observant of the ways of animals can have failed to notice how gentle large dogs, like the St Bernard and the Great Dane, are to their smaller canine fellows. It is rare that a big dog turns upon one of the little fellows, no matter how aggravating and snappy the latter may be. Instead, he invariably treats the small dog's antics with unruffled and dignified tolerance. For there is a recognized code of etiquette among animals, if you please, quite as much as there is among human beings. In truth, there are not a few respects in which the animals can give points on politeness and good behavior to man himself. f 1 V In Wartime Now strikes the honr upon the clock. The black sheep may rebuild the years® May lift the father's pride he broke. And wipe away his mother's tears. To him the mark for thrifty scorn. God hath another chance to giv; Sets In his heart a flame newborn By which his muddled soul may live. This is the day of the prodigal. The decent people's shame and grief; When bo shall make amends for all. The war to glory's bloody and brief. Clean from his baptism of blood. New from the lire he springs again. In shining armor, bright and good. Beyond the wise h#iue keeping men. Somewhere tonight—no tears be shed! With shaking hands they turn the sheet To And his name among the dead- Flower of the army and the fleet. They tell with proud and stricken face Of his white boyhood far away— Who talked of trouble or disgrace? "Our splendid son is dead!" they say. —Katharine Tynan In British Review. SAYS BALLAST SHIFTING CAUSED WRECK OF F-4. Holland Pointed Out Danger, but Wasn't Heeded, Son Says. John P. Holland, Jr., whose father | built, at the old Crescent shipyards lu Elizabeth. N. J., the first Holland sub marine, says that if the government had heeded his father ten years ago the 1 F-4 disaster in Honolulu harbor proba bly would have been avoided. Mr. Hoi- I land assumes that shifting caused the wreck of the F-4. Flans of construc tion which would avoid this evil were submitted by Mr. Holland to the gov ernment. "In 1907 my father submitted to the government a plan for a submarine which embodied all his previous experi ence with the underwater vessel. It was ideal in every way," declared Mr. Holland. "At that time he took occa sion to point out some of the defects in the construction of submarines and to warn the government against a seri ous catastrophe, such as occurred in the case of the F-4. "One of the chief defects pointed out by my father at that time was the ar rangement of the ballast tanks. Be. cause of the faulty position of the tanks the boats would dive unexpectedly when the center of gravity was sud denly shifted. Should the boot be run ning partly submerged with the tank partially full, any movement in the boat, such as the raising of the bow or stern on a wave, would cause sh water iu the ballast tanks, in obedi ence to the laws of gravity, to shift for ward or backward, upsetting the grav*_ ty of the boat. As a consequence tlie boat would be rendered beyond the con trol of the crew. Should the boat be running submerged, with her ballast tanks full, the same dive would be caused by shifting of the oil in the par tially filled fuel tanks. This, beyond doubt, accounted for the sudden dive of the F-4. "In order to overcome a situation of this kind, my fattier had on his boat an apparatus designed to expel the wa ter from the ballast tanks in a few | moments. Even if the boat were at a very great depth it would rise imme diately to the surface. This idea was, however, vetoed by submarine experts of the government." METEOR SEEN BY DAYLIGHT. Bhot Across Sky From West to East Near Sundown. The first meteor New York ever saw by daylight visited the city at exactly 5:30 o'clock on March 30. Though not as brilliant as nocturnal fliers, it was beautiful and startling because of its size, and as the twil'ght was descend ing the train of the meteor shone, spur ; kled, scintillated and glowed In the full pride of its mightiness. Its head was easily remindful of what a 42 cen timeter shell should look like as it goes flying through the air. The meteor shot across the sky from west to east as one saw it from the financial district It was visible for about twenty degrees, and its train re mained in sight for a couple of seconds. The head seemed about twenty times the size of Venus. It was chiefly a glowing white with a bluish gray bor der. The train did not spread out like that of a comet, but graduated to nar rower proportions and evanesced into atmospheric nothingness. It looked to observers as if it were too big to burn out before reaching the earth. It shot through the sky at a a angle of about twelve degrees and was about fifteen degrees above the earth when its fascinating brilliancy disap peared. SHE'S WORLD'S BEST COW. Freison Fayne Gives Eleven Tons of Milk In Year. The revised figures of an official test of 365 days at the Finderne farm of the Somerset Holstein Breeders' company of Somerville, X. J., show that Freison Fayne is the world's greatest cow. In the year she gave 24.600 pounds of milk, containing 1.116 pounds of but ter. The previous world's record for a Holstein cow was 81.600 pounds of milk and that of a Guernsey 24,004 pounds of rnilk. But the value of the milk is based on its butter, and Frei son Fayne has produced 105 pound* more butter than either of the prevfcw world's record cows. parie del . tutte le citta'del moli-'.' wK mondo con la massima i : : j (^<s, migliore^ IFARMERS BANKI ! OF INDIANA, PA. f % Fondata nei ÌS7£> '*■ V Capitale versato e Surplus $440.000 *- ; |p IMERESSi 4 o>o l'Sotto la protezione dello Stato della Pennsylvania
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers