2 DARING COSSACKS Russian Rough Riders an Old and Famous Body. ONCE KNIGHTS OF FREEDOM. In Former Times They Were Known Entirely as Defenders of the Poor and the Oppressed—Deadly as Marksmen and Experts With the Sword. • The popular conception of the Rus sian Cossack is a whiskered atrocity who rides with the speed of the wind, comes to do acts of pillage and of ra pine and then goes back again into the bosom of tbe tall grass from which be came. By many he is supposed to be long to a legendary tribe whose history stretches back into the blackness of tbe dark uges from which be has not yet emerged. No; tbe Cossack is in many respects like the simple Russian peasant. In others he is like the cowboy of the western plains, whose home is as much in the saddle as in his own village. Far from being oppressors, the Cos sacks were once known entirely as the defenders of the poor and tbe wrong ed. They belonged to an order of rus tic chivalry, tbe Kazachestvo, the Knights of Freedom. The. name Kazak is of Tartar origin and means "Freeman." It was applied to men driven from the more settled countries and who under the blue sky rode without the trammel of tradition, without the interference of kings, po tentates and powers. There was a time when nobles laid heavy hand upon the subject and human life was held in email account. The thirteenth and the fourteenth centuries saw the Cossacks developed Into communities living in the neigh borhood of the river Dnieper and rid ing hither and thither to keep watch and ward over the domain of the em peror. The cowboy guards of the great southwest in this country, who arc now disappearing from our American life, are Cossacks in spirit. When they become cavalrymen, Texas Rangers oi rough riders they are American Cos sacks. There were some criminals among the Cossacks, but once they had en rolled In the Cossack legions they lef behind them all their past. Some wen exiles for political reasons, others had been hunted for taking into their owi. hands the avenging of wrongs. And what avails a name after all? When the officers of the state came inquiring into the Cossack encampments for De metri this and Ivau that nothing was known of them at all, for the Cossacks permitted men to divest themselves of former titles and to begin the free life with a new nomenclature. To them the newcomer were "Big Nose," "Yel low Buttons" or some other nicknamed comrade. While other persons paid taxes the Cossack was subject to no such incon venient levy. His share was paid by the power of his sword and his pistols. He insisted always that he was not to be assessed, but that he should give his military service when Russia re quired it of him. When the Cossack communities were first formed they were inhabited only by men. The Kazachestvo took vows of celibacy. It was an order that lived like anchorites and fought like demons. As the ages have passed there have been many changes. The Cossacks have families and their own home life. At first, however, young and daring youths were sent out to ride with the Cossacks, and there was no system ot chivalry more punctilious than was thl° government of the men of the steppes. Offenses that involved violation ot their vows or the ill treatment of the weak and the oppressed were punished with death. The sentences were quick ly imposed and speedily executed Cowboy justice and Cossack rule ar# the same in principle. The dress of the Cossack has become more or less conventional as the years have gone. We see him in the long coat of brown or of green, with the great lambskin cap on Lis head, with strong belts containing cartridges about bis waist. He shows the influence of military training. • The Cossack of to day is a model of elegance compared with what he used to be. He seized garments covered with gold lace, coats of silks and sable and smeared them with mire and tallow to show his su preme disregard for tine trappings. He Wore coarse garb, but in the care of his weapons the Cossack has always been punctilious. His markmanship was deadly and accurate, even when riding at full speed, as that of the cowboys of the western United States. The Cossacks have been expert swordsmen for cen turies. Their proficiency in arms came from their environment. The steppes in which they sought their livelihood were covered with grass often so high only the head and shoulders of the rid ers appeared above the top of it. Game was abundant in those thick tangles; fruit could he obtained easily; the riv ers teemed with fish. The wants of the Cossacks were few and simple. They could do with much or little. A slice of horseflesh carried under the saddle to keep it warm was a ration fit to be called a luxury.—New York Herald. Shows It. Knicker—Does your wife understand the use of leftovers? Bocker—Yes; she is constantly pointing out to me bow she might have married them.—Judge j Idleness is the beginning of all vices. German Proverb. ——Jisit Foimer Dictator ot Mexico Now In New York Photo by American Press Association. VICTORIANO HUERTA. JAPANESE ON MEXICAN SOIL Naval Base Planted at Turtle Bay In Lower California. Los Angeles, Cal., April 15. —Japan has established a complete naval base in Turtle bay, Lower California. A squadron under Admiral Nakayama has mined the bay, which is Mexican waters, and has landed several thou sand men, with guns and ammunition and established a fortified camp upon Mexican soil. This intelligence was brought by a staff correspondent of the Los An geles Times, who returned from a secret trip of investigation. At the same time San Francisco dispatches explained why the Japanese were able to establish themselves upon the American continent without the news leaking out. The wrecking tug Sea Rover, which recently was chartered by the Jap anese government to salvage the cruiser Asama, wliif:li several weeks igo ran aground in Turtle bay, re turned to San Francisco and report ed the warship beyond salvage. She made no mention of any Japanese squadron. The owners of the tug announced that the wrecking boat was ordered back to port by the Japanese, who chartered her before she had come within sight of Turtle bay, where the Asama lay, and the crew was given instructions to say that the Asama was beyond saving. The warships guarding the Asama were the Chitose, Idzumo and Tokl ffia. When the correspondent sought to get close to these vessels and to visit the Asama he said he was ar rested and told by Lieutenant Toma sada of the Idzumo that it was danger ous to cruise about the bay and also that visiting was discouraged. COKE MAN KILLS HIMSELF Fred C. Keighley of Uniontown, Pa., Uses Revolver. Uniontown, Pa., April 15. —Fred C. Keighley, aged fifty-eight, of East Fay ette street, committed suicide by shooting himself through the mouth in a garage in the rear of his home. Mr. Keighley was general superin tendent of the Oliver & Snyder Steel company's coke plants near Union town. It is rumored that Mr. Keigh ley was financially embarrassed be cause of the failure on Jan. 18 of the LHrst National bank of Uniontown, ommonly known as J. V. Thompson's bank. About one year ago Mr. Keighley opened a coal mine near Ligonier. It .s said that he depended on the assist ance of his daughter, Mrs. William A. Hogg, of Uniontown, to conduct the mine. Mrs. Hogg was a heavy loser when the First National bank became insolvent and it is reported was un able to assist her father. DUBLIN CHEERS WIMBORNE New Lord Lieutenant Makes State Entry Into Ireland. Dublin, April 16.—Baron Wimborne, who has succeeded Lord Aberdeen as <ord lieutenant of Ireland, made his state entry into Dublin and was given a great welcome by all classes. Baron Wimborne in recent years has represented the Irish cause in the house of ltt?ds. He took the interna tional pol* cup back to England from America. Oldest Active Banker Dead at 9f. Nor walk, 0., April 15.—John Gar diner, aged ninety-nine, the oldest active banker in the United States, iied. He was president of the Nor walk National bank, in which he be came a clerk eighty-one years ago, and until six months ago went daily to business. s■ % j I In Wartime j Now strikes the hour upon the clock. The black sheep may rebuild the years; ' May lift the father's pride he broke. And wipe away his mother's tears. To him the mark for thrifty scorn, God hath another chance to give; Sets in his heart a flame newborn By which his muddled soul may live. This is the day cf the prodigal. The decent people's shame and grief; When he shall make amends for ail, The way to glory's bloody and brief. Clean from his baptism of blood, New from the fire he springs again, In shining armor, bright and good. Beyond the wise home keeping men. Somewhere tonight—no tears be shed! With shaking hands they turn the sheet To find his name among the dead- Flower cf the army and the fleet. They tell with proud and stricken face Of his white boyhood far away— Who talked of trouble or disgrace? "Our splendid son is dead!" they say. —Katharine Tynan In British Review. SAYS BALLAST SHIFTING CAUSED WRECK OF F-4. Holland Pointed Out Danger, cut Wasn't Heeded, Son Says. John P. Holland, Jr., whose father built, at the old Crescent shipyards in Elizabeth. N. J., the first Holland sub marine, says that if the government had heeded his father ten years ago the F-4 disaster in Honolulu harbor proba bly would have been avoided. Mr. Hol land assumes that shifting caused the wreck of the F-4. Plans of construc tion which would avoid this evil were submitted by Mr. Holland to the gov ernment "In 1907 my father submitted to the government a plan for a submarine which embodied all his previous experi ence with the underwater vessel. II was ideal in every way," declared Mr. Holland. "At that time he took occa sion to point out some of the defects in the construction of submarines and to warn the government against a seri ous catastrophe, such as occurred in the case of the F-4. "One of the chief defects pointed out by my father at that time was the ar rangement of the ballast tanks. Be cause of the faulty position of the tanks the boats would dive unexpectedly when the center of gravity was sud denly shifted. Should the boat he run ning partly submerged with the tank partially full, any movement in the boat, such as the raising of the how or stern on a wave, would cause the water in the ballast tanks, in obedk. ence to the laws of gravity, to shift for ward or backward, upsetting the gravf* ty of the boat. As a consequence the boat would be rendered beyond the con trol of the crew. Should the boat he running submerged, with her ballast tanks fifll, the same dive would he i caused by shifting of the oil in the par tially filled fuel tanks. This, beyond doubt, accounted for the sudden dive of the F-4. "In order to overcome a situation of this kind, my fattier had on his boat an apparatus designed to expel the wa ter from the ballast tanks in a few | moments. Even if the boat were at a ; very great depth it would rise imrne | diately to the surface. This idea was. however, vetoed by submarine experts of the government." METEOR SEEN BY DAYLIGHT. Shot Across Sky From West to East Near Sundown. The first meteor New York ever saw by daylight visited the city at exactly 5:30 o'clock on March 30. Though not , as brilliant as nocturnal fliers, it was ! beautiful and startling because of its size, and as the twilight was descend ing the train of the meteor shone, spar kled, scintillated and glowed In the I full pride of its mightiness. Its head I was easily remindful of what a 42 cen timeter shell should look like as it goes flying through the air. The meteor shot across the sky from west to east as one saw it from the financial district. It was visible for about twenty degrees, and its train re mained in sight for a couple of seconds The head seemed about twenty times the size of Venus. It was chiefly a glowing white with a bluish gray bor der. The train did not spread out like that of a comet, but graduated to nar rower proportions and evanesced into atmospheric nothingness. It looked to observers as if it were too big to burn out before reaching the earth. It shot through the sky at an angle of about twelve degrees and was about fifteen degrees above the earth when its fascinating brilliancy disap peared. SHE'S WORLD'S BEST COW. Freison Fayne Gives Eleven Tons of Milk In Year. The revised figures of an official test of BGS days at the Finderne farm of the Somerset Holstein Breeders' company of Somerville, N. J., show that Freison Fayne is the world's greatest cow. In the year she gave 24,000 pounds of milk, containing 1,116 pounds of but ter. The previous world's record for a Holstein cow was J1.000 pounds of milk and that of a Guernsey 24.004 pounds of milk. But the value of the milk is based on its butter, and Frei son Fayne has produced 105 pounds more Matter thOD either of the previoi world's record cows. '£ PATRIOT GENERAL HUERTA SALUTES AMERICA. llf X ; |f Li - if 11 i 1 f m Photo by American Press Association. Latest photograph of former Mexican dictator since his arrival in thif country. JAPANESE REPAIR KIAUCHAU BRIDGE. Photo by American Press Association. Pehsha river bridge. China, destroyed by the Germans. In course of repairs. EARLIEST ACCOUNT OF FALL OF MAN. Sumerian tablet telling of the creation, fall of man and the flood, written about 2100 B. C. It is in the University of Pennsylvania museum, Philadelphia %>T,rtuous Love. "Do yer love me. *Erb?" "Love yer, 'Liza! 1 should jest tbinll I does Why. if yer ever gives me up I'll murder yer! 1 can't say more'n that can I?"— London Punch. Very Moving. Talk about moving things with a derrick—the most powerful thine known to move man is a woman*? eyes.—Florida Times- Cnion. The Drummer. "I sometimes think," remarked the regular patron, "that the snare drnm- Bier should be the best musician in the theater orchestra." "He usually is," said the drummer.— Chicago Tribune. Ownership of the Air. Our ancestors must have foreseen the aeroplane or they would not have embodied in the law the principle that he who owns the land owns the col umn of air above "usque ad coelum," or up to the skies. This can be traced back as far as the reign of Edward 1., and ffom this time every authority to the present court of appeal has em phasized the right of every citizen not only to be king of his own castle, but of the sky above it.—London Chronicle. There Ain't No Such Animile. "Why don't you engage her as cook?' "She signed her letter of application, Tour obedient servant.' " Philadel phia Ledger. ENGLISH LOSE SHIP IN STRAIT Submarine E-15 Sticks In mud and Is Captured VESSEL SUNK, SAY TURKS General Von Hindcnburg May Be Sent to Carpathians to Take Com mand of Situation, Rome Reports. French Are Making Strong Offen sive Movement in Region of Al sace and Lorraine. London, April 19. —The E-15, one of England's newest submarines, ran aground in the mud oil lvepiiez point in the Dardanelles. Of her crew of thirty-one, which included three offi cers, seven were lost. The remainder were made prisoners by the Turks. The former vice consul at Dardanelles was one of the men rescued. News ol the loss of tne E-15, which was built last year and was one of his majesty's most improved undersea boats, was given out by the official press bureau. She was attempting a difficult reconnoissance of the mine fieids in Kephez bay when her nose ran into the mud. Apparently she was not entirely submerged at the time, for Turkish soldiers on shore were at tracted by the calls of distress and put out to the rescue of the crew. There is no explanation, however, of how seven men happened to lose their lives. Apparently they wero drowned, for there is nothing to indi cate that there was an explosion. The shallow water extends a good ways from the shore in Kephez bay. The place Is on the Persian shore, about ten miles from the Aegean sea and. only four miles below Kilid Bahr. The pres bureau issued the follow ing dispatch from Cairo: "On April 16 there was a reconnois sance by aeroplane from the Sues canal to Elsirr, twenty miles south of B1 Arish. Nine bombs were dropped with effect. On the same day a French cruiser, directed by a sea plane, bombarded the Turkish camp at El Arish. On the following day a French cruder, also directed by a sea plane, caused damage among Turkish troops during a bombardment of ll\3 camp south of Gaza." Turks Say Ship Was Sunk. Constantinople (Via Berlin and Lon don), April 19. —The war office issued the following official statement: "Tbe British submarine E-15 has been sunk in the Dardanelles east of Karanlik. Three officers and twenty one men of the crew of thirty-one were rescued by the Turks. Among them was the former British vice con sul at Dardanelles. "On the afternoon of April 14 the English battleship Majestic bombard ed a land position near Gaba Tepeh on Saros bay. The fire was returned and the Majestic was forced to retire. "On the following afternoon the Ma jestic attacked our advanced batteries, but was struck three times. The war ship retired and was replaced by tho British battleship Swiftsure, which continued the bombardment without reaulL "On the nights between April 13 and 16 enemy torpedo boats tried to pene trate the Dardanelles. They were easily repulsed. German aviators dropped bombs, which struck and ex ploded on enemy coal steamers." . Von Hindenburg In Carpathians. Bucharest (Via Rome), April 19. Field Marshal von Hindenburg, the German commander-in-chief in north ern Poland and East Prussia and the chief reliance of Germany in the east, Is likely to be appointed commander in-chief of the Austro-German forces In the Carpathians, according to ru mors current here. The rumors had their origin in a recent visit of Field Marshal von Hin denburg to the Carpathian distrlc., where he conferred with Archduke Frederick, the Austrian commander, and his chief of staff, General Conrad von Hostzendorf. While in the Car pathians the German field marshal in spected the positions now held by the Austro-German forces. French Active In Alsace. Paris, April 19. —The activity of French arms in Alsace and along the border of Lorraine is gradually in creasing into the proportions of a strong general offensive which has as its object the occupation of the lost provinces. The German defense of this region, as elsewhere, is stubborn, but in the face of it the French forces seem to be making slight headway. Further progress has been made in the region of Schnepfenreith Kopf, the capture of which height whs an nounced. The scene of this fighting is about twenty-five miles southwest of Colmar, a city on the Lauch river, toward wbjch two, and possibly three, offensive drives seem to be converg ing. Love Affair Ends In Murder. Monessen, Pa., April 19.—Joe Dan -1 tici, thirty four years old, of Third street, was shot and instantly killed here. The shooting resulted from Dantici's alleged infatuation with Mrs. Frank Matene, a pretty Italian woman. The woman's husband is al leged to have lain in wait for Denticl and shot him three times, escaping tf the hills back of Monessen.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers