FRIDAY. iIifiTEMBER 28; 1962 --By Yardley. Reprinted with the reeentseton of The BaMeier* Sun 'lt Sounds Like Another Emancipation Proclamation to Mel' _ The So- Called . Appord•onmentQue st i on 4.. •By I UTH C. SILVA Professor f Political Science i Last March, the 'U.S. Sup eme ' = Couit -decided that the federal • courts have jurisdiction ,ti de cide whether state legisl tive = misapportionment and gettrry !: wandering deny the citiz an .= equal vote ande.consequOntly, . = equal protection, of the !laws ' = contrary to ;the Fourteenth •Li Amendment. Since that time, = 53 law suits have been filed in - = 37 states, and 41 judicial' pin ii = ions ..have been handed own: Lawyers, judges and the gen eral public have confuse the whole so-called' apportionmeßt = question by failing to distin- E guish between apportionment • and districting. I ,-.-= . = Apponionment is the alloca ' tion of legislative seats *long = pre-existing units' such as coun ' = ties or towns. Districting !stab , E ashes the precise geographic . = homilies of a legislative dis , = trict. With. regard to the; U.S. = Rouse of, Representatilies, a E sharp . distinction is made he ' twom. apportionment 'and dis ; = • tricting since the two' functions • E are vested in different .govero- E':ments. ' The National Govern _' meat ..apportions Congressmen - = to the states, but,the state gov = errunenti divide their respec- Ei tine states, into congressional ' E districts. , . I' • • 1 -•= ' I'u:wither Contusion. : E - The confusion. Caused try _the _ = failure:lo distinguish 11 .ctil ; g watri • = apportionment and di e ."! El has 'been further conf waded . E by a failure to distingu4sh i be . = ,: tweets the basis of ap rtion ;.= meat and the units to 1 which -m presentation is , = Although representatio •is us - ---3 ually apportioned to a "tor • = ial subdivision such as states .... '= (Congressmen). or cou ties - E (state legislators), it ma. be ap - E portioned to ethnic or nornic groups. Seats in the Cyprian Rouse of- Representatives, for = example, are apportioned to = the Greek and to the • 'Turkish . i = communities while seats in the - = Spanish Cortes are appo "oned = to industrial, labor, Rural 84, , _,= and professional • Lions. . , E 'Area' tad 'Population' - = Because representation is Us ' .ually apportioned to geographic 'subdivmons such as r at s e i s a : E counties, apportio y nt ex = pens often sa E 21031 haS two bases t -- ilea and = ..... ; - nfillllllllllllllllllllllllBlll4llllllilllollll THE DAILY COLLEGIAN. UNIVERSITY PARK. PENNSYLVANIA populationl But, except for an - = abortive attempt in Wisconsin (1952.)i,and ty recent proposal in F. Michigan- (1962), nobody has ever seriously advocated ap .•rticpirig, seats on the basis = of acres or square miles or any = other such territorial measure. In appoOtionniant. "area" Mere- Ei ly means that representation is apportioned to a geographic = subdivision such as a county. = districting.ijn "area" means that consideration should • be = given not only - to population equality but also to topography. 5. to. territorial contiguity and, compactness, to the means of transportation and communica- = tion, and—to a community or social, political and economid3 Et' interest. Although most political sci entists and apportionment ex perts would give congideration = to these "areas" factors in dis tricting. virtually all of them also agree that population is the only legitimate basis for 'apportionment in a democratic society. This is the. corollary of E.- . rthe democratic idea that every voter should have an equal = ballot, If each of two districts = elects one legislator but one district has twice as many voters as the other does, then one popular vote cast for leg-:= islator m the less populous dis- :772 trict. has twice the weight of • = one popular vote cast for legis lator in the more populous dis- = trict. ' Eqtiat Ballots? Today, the courts are hearing E. cases in states where a popular; = vote cast in one legislative dia-! trict has up to 872 1 / 2 times thel , = weight of a popular vote cast = in another. One popular vote cast for state senator in Penn- E sylvania's least populous ten- atonal district, for example, has 10 1 / 2 times the weight of one cast in Pennsylvania's most-s populous senatorial dist rict while.one popular vote cast for = state representative in Penn- = sylvania's least populous leg-* islati••e_district has 31 times the weight of one cast in Pennsyl vania's most populous legisla- Live district. And one popular Ef, vote' cast for state 'representa- tive in Vermont's least polo- = loos town has 872 1 / 2 the weight of one cast in Vermont's most = populous town. nunig:::::::timatlsminuutnuati:nE. Lecture Leon Goure, senior staff mem ber -and Soviet ' area specialist with the 'Rand Corp., will open the Political' Science Lecture Series! at 8 p.m. in the Hetzel Union assembly room. His subject 'will be 'The Role of the Military in Soviet Foreign Policy?' Goure is a consultant to the U.S. Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization and is a lecturer at the , Army War College. He is author of "The Siege of Leningrad" and "Civil Defense in the Soviet Union." both published this year, and "Moscow in, Crisis," published in 1955. He is also a contributor to The New York Times Sunday Magazine and to "The, Problems of Communism." Several years ,ago he served at a consultant for the study of civil defense prepared tiy HR Singer, Inc., of State College. Seminar Francis R. Hama, research pro fessor at the Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Applied ; Mathe matics at the University of Mary land, will speak'at the first Fluid Mechanics Seminar for the fall term at 4 p.m. in 232 Hammond. His topic will be "Progressive Deformation of a Curve Vortex Filament." 'Mademoiselle' ConduCts Women's Talent Contest Mademoiselle. national women's magazine, is sponsoring again this year a series of: contests designed for women in colleges and univer sities throughout the country. The College Board Competi tion is directed toward• women with talent in writing, art, fash ion, promotion, merchandising or advertising. Complete - entry rules for the contest are available in The Daily Collegian office in the basement of Sackett. The deadline for en tries is Nov. 30. Attention All Women Students!! AWS COMMUNITY COUNCILS are now available at the HUB Desk. for the return of Application Blank Wednesday - Oct. 3 5 p.m. at the HUB Desk TODAY ON 'CAMPUS G►msuit Sale Refund Receipts from the Cwena suit sale will be refunded to upperclass women tram 9 to 11 a.m. - tomorrow in McElwain lounge. Tomorrow is the only day for refunds. The Student Society of Land scape Architects will hold a busi ness meeting at 7:30 p.m. in 111 Boucke. Coeds May Obtain Applications For Homecoming Queen Today Applications for Homecoming Queen will be available at II a.m. today at the Hetzel• Union desk, Robert Polishaik, Homecoming chairmam said last night. Any - aced who is enrolled as a full-tune student is eligible for the contest, Polishook said. All ap plications must be returned to the HUB desk by Oct. 8. Each contestant will then be notified by postcard concerning the time of her interview before a panel of judges. The interviews wilt be held from 6:30 to 10 p.m., Oct. 11 in 218 HUB. THE CONTESTANTS will be judged on academic achievement, activities, beauty and poise, Poli shook said. Five finalists will be chosen. These finalists will appear be fore the football team at 8:30 p.m., Oct. 15 at the Nittany Lion Inn. The team members, will then select the queen. The queen will be crowned Oct. 19 at the pep rally sponsored by the Block 'S' Club. THE QUEEN and her court will be honored at an alumni luncheon on Homecoming Day. Oct. 20, in 'the HUB.- At that time, she will be presented with a trophy pro- PUBLIC TURKEY SUPPER Saturday, Sept. 29 5 p.m. to ? ? el the Bcf•alsburgFire Hall Adult.--375 Children-41A football Guests Welcome a Sponsored by the BOALSBURG FIRE CO. S APPLICATION BLANKS -Deadline ti . Meeting for At 3 On. John Simonds, authei of Mandecape Architecture: Tho Shaping of laan'a Natural ltri vironment,'" will speak. Other Ev•ats Graduate Student aquape dance, 11:30 p.m., tletzel Union ballroom. Holy Communion, 8 a.m. and 12:45 p.m, Helen Eakin Eisen hower Chapel; Confessions, 8:45 a.m., Eisenhower Chapel. vided by the Alumni Association. Thelqueen and her court w4I also sit in the Block section at the fOotball game and will be honored at halftime. No cocktail dresses or formals should be worn to contest events. Polishook said, but contestants should wear heels. I BUCK Appointed • , Associate Dire/o°f Roy C. Buck, professor of rural sociology and social science, has been named associate director for the social sciences in the Cent er for Contintung Liberal Educat n. ri l In addition to his new (tut es. Buck will continue to teach in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. During the past year he has taught social science coursest In the University's general- 'thin tion program. Research projects conducted, by Buck have been concerned with. rural• adjustment to actulthOod, sociology of rural school district reorganization and community organization. He has published the findings of his research both in scientific and popular journals. PAGE FIVE Association
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers