FRIDAY. iIifiTEMBER 28; 1962
--By Yardley. Reprinted with the reeentseton of The BaMeier* Sun
'lt Sounds Like Another Emancipation Proclamation to Mel'
_
The So- Called .
Appord•onmentQue
st i
on
4..
•By I
UTH C. SILVA
Professor f Political Science
i Last March, the 'U.S. Sup eme '
= Couit -decided that the federal
• courts have jurisdiction
,ti de
cide whether state legisl tive
= misapportionment and gettrry
!: wandering deny the citiz an
.= equal vote ande.consequOntly,
. = equal protection, of the !laws
' = contrary to ;the Fourteenth
•Li Amendment. Since that time,
= 53 law suits have been filed in
- = 37 states, and 41 judicial' pin
ii
= ions ..have been handed own:
Lawyers, judges and the gen
eral public have confuse the
whole so-called' apportionmeßt
= question by failing to distin-
E guish between apportionment
• and districting. I
,-.-=
. = Apponionment is the alloca
' tion of legislative seats *long
= pre-existing units' such as coun
' = ties or towns. Districting !stab
, E ashes the precise geographic
. = homilies of a legislative dis
,
= trict. With. regard to the; U.S.
= Rouse of, Representatilies, a
E sharp . distinction is made he
' twom. apportionment 'and dis
;
= • tricting since the two' functions
• E are vested in different .govero-
E':ments. ' The National Govern
_' meat ..apportions Congressmen
- = to the states, but,the state gov
= errunenti divide their respec-
Ei
tine states, into congressional
' E districts. , . I' •
• 1
-•= ' I'u:wither Contusion.
: E - The confusion. Caused try
_the
_ = failure:lo distinguish 11 .ctil ;
g watri
• = apportionment and di e
."!
El has 'been further conf waded
. E by a failure to distingu4sh i be
.
=
,: tweets the basis of ap rtion
;.= meat and the units to 1 which
-m presentation is
,
= Although representatio •is us
- ---3 ually apportioned to a "tor
• = ial subdivision such as states
....
'= (Congressmen). or cou ties
- E (state legislators), it ma. be ap
- E portioned to ethnic or nornic
groups. Seats in the Cyprian
Rouse of- Representatives, for
= example, are apportioned to
= the Greek and to the • 'Turkish
.
i = communities while seats in the
- = Spanish Cortes are appo "oned
= to industrial, labor, Rural
84, ,
_,= and professional • Lions.
. , E 'Area' tad 'Population'
- = Because representation is Us
' .ually apportioned to geographic
'subdivmons such as r at s e i s a :
E counties, apportio y nt ex
= pens often sa
E 21031 haS two bases t -- ilea and
=
..... ; -
nfillllllllllllllllllllllllBlll4llllllilllollll
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN. UNIVERSITY PARK. PENNSYLVANIA
populationl But, except for an - =
abortive attempt in Wisconsin
(1952.)i,and ty recent proposal in F.
Michigan- (1962), nobody has
ever seriously advocated ap
.•rticpirig, seats on the basis =
of acres or square miles or any =
other such territorial measure.
In appoOtionniant. "area" Mere- Ei
ly means that representation is
apportioned to a geographic =
subdivision such as a county. =
districting.ijn "area" means
that consideration should • be =
given not only - to population
equality but also to topography. 5.
to. territorial contiguity and,
compactness, to the means of
transportation and communica- =
tion, and—to a community or
social, political and economid3 Et'
interest.
Although most political sci
entists and apportionment ex
perts
would give congideration =
to these "areas" factors in dis
tricting. virtually all of them
also agree that population is
the only legitimate basis for
'apportionment in a democratic
society. This is the. corollary of E.- .
rthe democratic idea that every
voter should have an equal =
ballot, If each of two districts =
elects one legislator but one
district has twice as many
voters as the other does, then
one popular vote cast for leg-:=
islator m the less populous dis- :772
trict. has twice the weight of • =
one popular vote cast for legis
lator in the more populous dis- =
trict. '
Eqtiat Ballots?
Today, the courts are hearing E.
cases in states where a popular; =
vote cast in one legislative dia-!
trict has up to 872 1 / 2 times thel , =
weight of a popular vote cast =
in another. One popular vote
cast for state senator in Penn- E
sylvania's least populous ten-
atonal district, for example, has
10 1 / 2 times the weight of one
cast in Pennsylvania's most-s
populous senatorial dist rict
while.one popular vote cast for =
state representative in Penn- =
sylvania's least populous leg-*
islati••e_district has 31 times the
weight of one cast in Pennsyl
vania's most populous legisla-
Live district. And one popular Ef,
vote' cast for state 'representa-
tive in Vermont's least polo- =
loos town has 872 1 / 2 the weight
of one cast in Vermont's most =
populous town.
nunig:::::::timatlsminuutnuati:nE.
Lecture
Leon Goure, senior staff mem
ber -and Soviet ' area specialist
with the 'Rand Corp., will open
the Political' Science Lecture
Series! at 8 p.m. in the Hetzel
Union assembly room. His subject
'will be 'The Role of the Military
in Soviet Foreign Policy?'
Goure is a consultant to the
U.S. Office of Civil and Defense
Mobilization and is a lecturer at
the , Army War College.
He is author of "The Siege of
Leningrad" and "Civil Defense in
the Soviet Union." both published
this year, and "Moscow in, Crisis,"
published in 1955. He is also a
contributor to The New York
Times Sunday Magazine and to
"The, Problems of Communism."
Several years ,ago he served
at a consultant for the study of
civil defense prepared tiy HR
Singer, Inc., of State College.
Seminar
Francis R. Hama, research pro
fessor at the Institute for Fluid
Dynamics and Applied ; Mathe
matics at the University of Mary
land, will speak'at the first Fluid
Mechanics Seminar for the fall
term at 4 p.m. in 232 Hammond.
His topic will be "Progressive
Deformation of a Curve Vortex
Filament."
'Mademoiselle' ConduCts
Women's Talent Contest
Mademoiselle. national women's
magazine, is sponsoring again this
year a series of: contests designed
for women in colleges and univer
sities throughout the country.
The College Board Competi
tion is directed toward• women
with talent in writing, art, fash
ion, promotion, merchandising or
advertising.
Complete - entry rules for the
contest are available in The Daily
Collegian office in the basement
of Sackett. The deadline for en
tries is Nov. 30.
Attention All Women Students!!
AWS COMMUNITY COUNCILS
are now available at the HUB Desk.
for the return of Application Blank
Wednesday - Oct. 3
5 p.m.
at the HUB Desk
TODAY ON 'CAMPUS
G►msuit Sale Refund
Receipts from the Cwena
suit sale will be refunded to
upperclass women tram 9 to 11
a.m. - tomorrow in McElwain
lounge. Tomorrow is the only day
for refunds.
The Student Society of Land
scape Architects will hold a busi
ness meeting at 7:30 p.m. in 111
Boucke.
Coeds May Obtain Applications
For Homecoming Queen Today
Applications for Homecoming
Queen will be available at II a.m.
today at the Hetzel• Union desk,
Robert Polishaik, Homecoming
chairmam said last night.
Any - aced who is enrolled as a
full-tune student is eligible for the
contest, Polishook said. All ap
plications must be returned to the
HUB desk by Oct. 8.
Each contestant will then be
notified by postcard concerning
the time of her interview before
a panel of judges. The interviews
wilt be held from 6:30 to 10 p.m.,
Oct. 11 in 218 HUB.
THE CONTESTANTS will be
judged on academic achievement,
activities, beauty and poise, Poli
shook said. Five finalists will be
chosen.
These finalists will appear be
fore the football team at 8:30 p.m.,
Oct. 15 at the Nittany Lion Inn.
The team members, will then
select the queen.
The queen will be crowned Oct.
19 at the pep rally sponsored by
the Block 'S' Club.
THE QUEEN and her court will
be honored at an alumni luncheon
on Homecoming Day. Oct. 20, in
'the HUB.- At that time, she will
be presented with a trophy pro-
PUBLIC TURKEY SUPPER
Saturday, Sept. 29 5 p.m. to ? ?
el the
Bcf•alsburgFire Hall
Adult.--375 Children-41A
football Guests Welcome
a Sponsored by the BOALSBURG FIRE CO. S
APPLICATION BLANKS
-Deadline
ti .
Meeting
for
At 3 On. John Simonds, authei
of Mandecape Architecture: Tho
Shaping of laan'a Natural ltri
vironment,'" will speak.
Other Ev•ats
Graduate
Student
aquape dance, 11:30 p.m., tletzel
Union ballroom.
Holy Communion, 8 a.m. and
12:45 p.m, Helen Eakin Eisen
hower Chapel; Confessions, 8:45
a.m., Eisenhower Chapel.
vided by the Alumni Association.
Thelqueen and her court w4I
also sit in the Block section at
the fOotball game and will be
honored at halftime.
No cocktail dresses or formals
should be worn to contest events.
Polishook said, but contestants
should wear heels.
I
BUCK Appointed
• ,
Associate Dire/o°f
Roy C. Buck, professor of rural
sociology and social science, has
been named associate director for
the social sciences in the Cent er
for Contintung Liberal Educat n.
ri l
In addition to his new (tut es.
Buck will continue to teach in
the Department of Agricultural
Economics and Rural Sociology.
During the past year he has
taught social science coursest In
the University's general- 'thin
tion program.
Research projects conducted, by
Buck have been concerned with.
rural• adjustment to actulthOod,
sociology of rural school district
reorganization and community
organization. He has published
the findings of his research both
in scientific and popular journals.
PAGE FIVE
Association