eration of these principles, range front one • per cent. to more than two hundred per cent.' They are prohibitory on some ern-, cles, and prtiolly so in others, and bear' most heavily on articles of common neces sity, and but lightly on articles of luxury. It is'so framed that much the greatest bur-1 den which it imposes is thrown on labor and the poorer classes who are least able tol bear it, while it protects capital and ex-1 empty the rich from paying their just pro-1 • portion of the taxation required for the support of the government. While it pro tects the capital of the wealthy manufac turer, and increases his profits, it does not! benefit the operatives or laborers in his! employment, whose wages have not been increased by it. Articles of prime necessi-1 ty or of coarse quality and low price, used by the masses of the people, arc, in many instances, subjected by it to heavy taxes, while articles of finer quality and higher; price, or of lhxury, whieli can be used on-' ly by the opulent, arc lightly taxed. It imposes heavy and unjust, burdens on the fanner, the planter s the commercial man, and those of all other pursuits except the, capitalist, who has made his investments in manufactures. All the great interests of the coun.ry are not, as nearly as may practicable, equally protected by it. The government in theory knows no dis tinction of persons or classes, and should! not bestow upon some favors and privile ges which all others may not enjoy. It was th© purpose of its illustrious founders! to base the institutions which they reared,' . upon the great and unchanging principles of justice and equity, conscious that if ad— ministered in the spirit in which they were conceived, they would be felt only by the , benefits which they diffused, and would secure for themselves a defence in the hearts of the people, more powerful than standing armies, and all the means and appliances invented to sustain governments founded in injustice and oppression. The well-known fact that the tariff act of 1842 was passed by a majority of one , vote in the Senate, and two in the House of Representatives, and that some of those who felt themselves constrained, under the; peculiar circumstances existing at the time to vow in its favor, preclaimed its defects, and expressed their determination to aid in its inotlification on the first opportunity, af fords strong and conclusive evidence that It, was not intended . to be permanent, and of ; the expediency and necessity of its thorough revision. In recommending to Congress a reline- ion or the presentfates of duty, and a re- ; vision and modification of the act of 1842, I am far from entertaining opinion unfriend ly to the manufacturers. On the contra ry, I desire to see them prosperous, as far, as they can be so, without imposing une qual burdens on other interests. This ad vautage under any system of indirect tax-, ation, even within the revenue standard, must be in favor of the manufacturing in terest; and of this no other interest will complain. I recommit - id - to Congress the abolition of the minimum principle, or assumed, ar bitrary, and false values, and of specific du ties, and the substitution in their place of ad rolorem duties, as the fairest and most emitable indirect tax which can be impo sed. By the ad valorem principle, all artt cies are taxed according to their cost or value, and those which are of inferior qual-' itv, or of small cost, bear only the just pro portion of the tax with those which are of. superior quality or greater cost. The ar ticles consumed by all are taxed at the same rate. A system of ad valorem reven ue duties, with proper discriminations and proper guards against frauds in collecting them, it is not doubted, will afford ample incidental advantages to the manufacturers, and enable them to derive as great profits as can be derived from any other regular business. It is believed that such a sys• , tem, strictly within the revenue standard,' will place the manufacturing interests on a shMe footing, and inure to their perma nent advantage; while it will, as nearly as may be practicable, extend to all the great interests of the country the incidental pro t xtion which can be afforded by our rev- emit! laws. Such a system, when once firmly established, would be permanent, and not be subject to the constant comp plaints, agitations, and changes which must ever occur, when duties are not laid for revenue, but for the "protection merely" of a favored interest. In the deliberations of Congress on this Subject, it is hoped that a spirit of mutual concession and compromise between con flicting interests may prevail, and that the result of their labors may be crowned with the happiest consequences. By the constitution of the L'ilited States it is provided, that "no money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law." A pub lic treasury was undoubtedly contemplated and intended to be created, in which the public money should be kept from the pe riod of collection until needed for public uses. In the collection and disbursement of the public money no agencies have ever le..en employed by law, except such as were appointed by the government, directly res ponsible to it, and under its control. The safe keeping of the public money should be confided to a public treasury created by law, and under like responsibility and con trol. It is not to be imagined that the fra tne.ts of the constitution could have inten .ded that a treasury should be created as a place of deposite and safe-keeping of the public money which was irresponsible to the government. The first Congress un der the constitution, by the act of the sec ond September, 1789, "to establish the Treasury Department," provided for the appointment of a treasurer, and made it ins duty ',to receive and keep the moneys of the United States," and "at all tunes ,to submit to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Comptroller, or either of them the inspection ot the moneys in his hands." That banks, national or state, could not have been intended to be . used as a substi tute for the treasury spoken of in the con stitution, as keepers of the public money,is manifest from the fact, that at that time there was no national bank, and but three or four State banks of limited capital exis ted in the country. Their employment as depositories was at first resorted to, to a limited extent, but with no avowed 'Weft . - tion of continuing them permanently. in place of the treasury of the constitution irs ',•"; , . ' siO 1 :117Ct , • ac rw . , r,;" I , • •tk 4P " P 41;44 * 1 r . + 4 • . 41, —a ". a **J..% •t 4 A't t , 404 *l*. 13: " it! t;, 4 r '4,044 iit i .tbiorlia:4l4447 4 "l: f if • • ' When they were afterwards from time to time employed, it was from motives of sup posed convenience. - Our experience has shown, that when banking corporations ,hate been the keep ers of the public money, and been thereby made in effect the treasury, the govern ment can have no guaranty that it can command the use of its own money for public purposes. The late Bank of the U nited States proved to be faithless. The State banks which were afterwards em ployed, were faithless. But a few years. ago, with millions of public money in their keeping, the government was brought al most to bankruptcy, and the public credit seriously impaired, because of their inabil ity or indisposition to pay, on demand, to the public creditors, in the only currency recognised by the constitution. The fail ure occurred in a period of peace. and g.eat inconvenience and loss were suffered i by the public from it. Had the country been involved in a foreign war, that incon venience and loss would have been much greater, and might have resulted in ex treme public calamity. Thqpilblic money should not be mingled with the private' funds of banks or individuals, or he used ' for private purposes. When it is placed in banks for safe keeping. it is in effect loan ed to them without interest, and is loaned , by them upon interest to the borrowers from them. The public money is conver ted into banking capital, and is used and loaned out for the private profit of bank stockholders; and when called for, (as was the case in 18370 it may be in the pockets of the borrowers from the banks, instead of being in the public treasury eontempla• ted by the constitution. The framers of the constitution could never have intended that the money paid into the treasury , should thus be converted to private use,: and placed beyond the control of the gov ernment. Banks which hold the public inoney are often tempted, by a desire of gain, to ex tend their loans, increase their circulation, and thus stimulate, it not produce a spirit of speculation and extravagance, which sooner or later must result in ruin to thou sands. If the public motley be not per mitted to be thus used, but be kept in the treasury and paid out to the public creditors in gold and silver, the temptation afforded by its deposite with banks to an undue cx pansion of their business would be checked, while the amount of the constitutional cur rency left in circulation would be enlarged by its employnymt in the public collections and disbursenv-ms,and the banks themselves would, in consequence, be found in a safer amid sounder condition. At present. State banks are employed a; depositories, but without adequate regula tion of law. whereby the public money can bs secured against the casualties and exces ses, revulsions, susrnsions. and defalca tions, to which, frsni overissues, overtra• ding, an inordinate desire for gain, or oth er causes, they arc constantly exposed. The Secretary of the Treasury has in all cases, when It was practicable, taken col lateral security for the amount which they hold, by the pledge of stocks of the Unite.' States, or such of the States as were in good credit. Some of the deporite banks have given this description of security, and others have declined to do so. Entertaining the opinion that -the sepa ration of the moneys of the government from hankiag institutions is indispensable for the safety of the funds of the govern-'. melt and the rights of the people,'' I rec omiriend to Congress that provision be made by law for such separation. and t hat a constitutional treasury be crrated for the safr-keeping of the public molter. The constitutional treasury recommemi r ed is de signed as a secure depository for the pub lie money, without any power to make loans or discounts, or to issue any paper whatever as a currenrp or circulation. I cannot doubt that such a treasury as was contemplated by the constitution. should be independent of all banking corpora tions. The money of the people should be kept in the treasury of the people crea ted by law, and be in the curtodp of agents of the people chos , n by themselves, ac cording to the forms of the constitution; a gents who are directly responsible to the government,who are under adequate bonds and oaths. and who are subject to severe punishments for any embezzlement, pri vata use, or nnsapplication of the public funds, and for anv failure in other respects to perform their duties. To say that the people or their government arc incompe tent,or not to be trusted with the custody of their own money, in their own treasury. provided by themselves, but must rely on the presidents, cashiers, and stockholders of banking corporations, net appointed by theni . nor responsible to them, would lie to concede that they arc incompetent for self government. In recommending the establishment of a constitutional treasury, in which the public money shall be kept, I desire that adequate provision be made by law for its safety. and that all executive discretion or control over it shall be removed, except such as may be necessary in Jirecting its disburse ment in pursuance of appropriations made by law. Under our present land system, limiting the !Minim price at which the public lands can be entered to one dollar and twenty-live cents per acre, large quantities of lands of inferior quality remain unsold, because they will not command that price. From the records of the Goner! Land Office it ap pears, that, of the public lands remaining unsold in the several States and Territories in which they are situated, thirty-one mil lions one hundred and five thousand five hundred and seventy-seven acres have been in the market, subject to entry more than twenty years; forty-nino millions six hun dred and thirty-eight thousand six hundred and forty four acres for more than fifteen years; seventy-three millions seventy-four thousand and six hundred acres for more than fifteen years; seventy-three millions seventy - -four thousands and six hundred acres for more tban ten years; and one hun dred and six millions one hundred Emil sev enty-six thousands nine hundred and sixty one acres for more than five years. Much the largcs portion of these lands will con tinue to be unsaleable at the minimum price at which they are permitted to be sold, so long as large territories of lands from which the more valuable portions have not been selected are annually brought into market by the government. With the view to the ..,,._r.,'-7: r.:,F^ 3+:X39.ARN :i:-' 1~~e;.Z~:a:i. ::"': F?i3s~S ' E:`..z-".'cS.: ~'rawx ....,+..... sale and settlement of itiesci inferior landii; 1 recommend that: the price be graduated and reduced below the present minimum rate, confining the sales at the reduced prices to settlers and cultivators, in limited qualities. If graduated and reduced in price for a limited term to one dollar per acre, and after the expiration of that term for a second and third term to lower rates, a large portion of these lrnds would be pur chased, and many worthy citizens who are unable to pay higher rates, could purchase homes for themselves and their families.— By adopting the policy of graduation and reduction of price, these inferior lands will be sold for their real value, while States in which they lie will be freed from the incon venience, if not injustice, to which they are subjected, in cosequence of the U. States continuing to own large quantities of pub-, lic lands within their borders, not liable to taxation for the support of their local gov ernments. I recommend the continuance of the pol icy of gruiting prelemptions, in its most; liberal extent, to all those who have settled or inay hereafter settle, public lands,; whether surveyed or unsurveyed, to which: the Indian titlemay have been extin-i guishil at the time of settlement.—: It has been found by experience, that in consequence of combinations of pur chasers and other causes, a very small quantity of the public lands, when sold at public auction, commands n higher price than minimum rate establishes by law.' l'he settlers en the public lands are, how ever, but rarely able to secure their homes and improvements at the public sales at that rate; because these combinations, by means of the capital they command. and their superior ability to purchase, render it impossible for the settler to compete with them in the market. By putting down all competition, these combinations o f capital ists and speculators are usually enabled to purchase the lands, including the improve-: meats of the settlers, at medimum price of the government, and either turn them out of their homes. or extort front diem, accor ding to their ability to pay double or duad ruple the amount paid for them to the guy ;eminent. It is to the enterprise and perse verence of the hardy pioneers of the West, who penetrate the wilderness with their fain:dies, suffer the dangers, the privations. and hardships, attending the settlemet of a new country, and prepare the way for the body of emigrants who, in the yours, of a few years, usually follow them, that we are in a great degree, indebted tar the rapid extension awl a2grandizeinent of our coon- try. Experience has proved that no portion of our population are more patriotic than tin• hardy and brave twit of the frontier, or more ready to obey the call of their coon and to defend tier rights and her hon or, whenever and by whatever elletlly as- Salted. They should be protected front the grasping speculator, and secured at the inteiminn price of the public lands, in the humble homes which they have improt by their labor. With this end in view, all i vexations or unnecessary restrictions iut pose-d upon theta by the existing pre-emp tion laws should b.' n•pealctl or medifird. :It is the true policy of the government to afford facilities to its citizens to become the uw 04- ri of small portions of fair vast public domain at low and moderate rates. The present systom of managing the mineral lands of the United States is beli,• ‘ - .ed to be readily defective. More than a million of acres of the public lands, suppos ed to contain lead and other minerals. have been reserved front sale, and numer ous leases upon them have It-en grained to individuals upon a stipulated rent. The system of granting leases has proved to Is• not only unprofitable to the government. but unsatisfactory to the eitiz!ms who have gone upon the lands, and must, if continued. lay the foundation uf murk future dillieulky between the government and the Its- , es. Acee h lig tee the ottr-ial nsiords. the :uuouni et" rents received by the go , . ern mutt for the years 11:11. 1842, IC Li and 11114, was . .*:t.; :454 74, wild , the expens , 2s of the stew during the Salle pernat, in cluding salaries of superintendents, agent, clerks, and incidental i spcnv•s. wort. twen ty six t110115:111,1 one hundred and eleven dollars and eleven cents—the inconi , . being lecs than one fourth the ex pens T o this p , euniary loss ma: , . ad , h.d the injnry sustained by tie , public in consequence of the dostru , tion timhor, and the careless and wasteful manner of workim , the mines. The system has given rise to much litiga tion between the United States and individ ual citiz,ms, producing irritation and ex• eitement in the mineral region, and involv ing the government in heavy additional ex penditures. It is Ixdievell that similar los sea and embarassments will continue to oc cur, while the present systtlri of leasing these lands remains unchanged. These lands ate now under the superintendence 'and rare of the War Departtta with tin. :ordinary duties of which they have no proper or natural connexion. I recommend the repeal of the present system, and that these lands be plated un der the superintendence and manag,ement of the General Land Office, as other public lands, and be brought into market and sold upon such terms as Congress in their wis dom may prescribe, reserving to the Gov ernment an equitable per ventage of the gross ainount of mineral product, and that the pre-einpti,m principle be extended to resident miners and settlers upon them, at the minimum price which may be esta blished by Congress. I eon,' roation of creamers, which oan enter with Palo). I refer you to the accompanying report ! many of the harbors along our moist now Ineccrwibl, to of the Secretary of War, for information crarels "1 greater draught, and the pearrimibMty If co i n_ respecting the present situation of the ar- r,: u „ r a i l i' a '4 ,,,, n r i n e p ' ,l l ,, n o t a h n e „ in i:,, e i r o i d or 4 " ::L it r i , r4t , ° tr i s m i objmi. a ! my and its operations during the past year;. Whaler., may have been oar policy in the earlier stages the state of our defences; the condition of‘ of the govetninent, when the nation W3lllO its infancy, tne public works; and our relations with burr aloppina interests and commerce rotnparaively 1 ~„,,t, our re 7 10Urces limited.onr population 'yarn an d the various Indian tribes within our limits: scarcely extending beyond lhe limits of the original thin or upoa our borders. I invite your attest- 1 tn, ~...ih e r; that pnlirry mn tharomtat:ree hec;asent o riealliyhadniffetw-eeTt,,nmoiwi. tion to the suggestions contained in that intro of p a eo e epl ''rew that our commerc m c, married in our . own report, in relation to these prominent ob- 'hips, is found in every yea, and that our territorial i boundaries and settlements have been to greatly expand jects of national interest. . ed. Neither our commerce, nor our long line of coati, When orders were given during the past, on the ocean and on the taker, can 1w successfirily de. summer for concentrating a military force 1 6, nd..,i against foreign R.:great/ion by means of furtinea on the western frontier of Texas, our 4 inns alone. Tneaeare essential et Important commercial soul mIIiI it ry potato,. but our chief reliance for this Object troops were widely dispersed, and in small oast be on a well osganized, efficient navy. The ben detachments, occupying posts remote fronilep l e resulting from such a navy are not CODAIItd 10 the each other. The prompt and expeditious! .... k ln a t Atl antic tact. abroad,The p r a od re u e directly iloiio dependentthein"onwhiiicrhe Innunier in which an army, embracing more: twiny and freedom of iur commerce. The occupation than half our peace establishment, was i ~o f l im oe f Plallze if trelow New Orleans hy h a l hostile rffle , e .d wonlfi r ' drawn together on an emergency so sud- the fit, 1, 1 --ie —AsPfZit t n s ti t eagffneaettelhe th evalue w h o l e export e l e he r") ; t g ribultu fel den, reflects great credit on the officers! products of the entire valley of that mighty river and 'who were intrusted with the execution of; I",',rt w never been our policy to maintain large etaiiii• in "'"- these orders, as well as upon the discipline! tae minks in lime of peace. They are contrary to the • •, of the army itself To be'in strength to protect and defend the people and territory of Texas, in the event Mexico should com mence hostilities, or invade her territories with a large army, which she threatened, I authorized the General assigned to the command of the army of occupation to make requisitions for additional forces from sev eral of the States nearest the Texan terri tory, and which could most expeditiously furnish them, if, in his opinion, a larger force than that under his 'command, and the auxiliary aid which, under like circum stances, he 1 , 1r0,9 authorized to receive from Texas, should be required. The contin gency upon which tte exercise of this au thority depended, has not occurred'. The circumstances under which two companies of State artillery from the city of New Or leans were sent into Texas, and mustered into the service of the United States, are fully stated in the report of the Secretary of \\ar. I recommend to Congress that provision be made. for the payment of these trolps, as a small number of Texan volun tee N, Wilolll the commanding General thought it necessary to receive or muster into our service. Du ring the last au :tuner, the first regi ment of dragtxma nnele extensive excur sions through the Indian country on our lxmlerS, a part of them advancing nearly to pos,;essions of the Hudson's Buy Gun pany in the north, and a part as far as the South Pass of the Rocky mountains, and the head waters of the tributary streams of the Colorado of the West. The exhibition of this military f o rce among the Indian tribes in those distant regions, and the councils held with them f the cowman- j dery of the expeditions, it is believed, will! have a saltiniry influence in restraining tlicin from hostilities among themselves, and maintaining friewily relations between them and the United States. An interest ing account of one of these excursions ac companies the report of t h u Secretary of War. I ' wrier the directions of the War'. Deparun(•nt, Brevet Captain Fremont. of the corps of t();tographical engineers, has been employed since 184'2 in exploring the country west of the Mississippi. and be yond the 12(neky mountains. Two expedi tions have already been brought to a close, ' and th.• reports of that scientific and enter-. prising officer have furnished much inter esting and valuable inforumtion. Ile is titaw engageil in a third expedition; but it is not expected that this arduous service will be completed in season to enable me to einninunicate the result to Congress at the present session. ( her relations with the Indian tribes are of a favorable character. The twilicy of removing them to a country designed for their perimment residence, west of the :%lis sisiippi and without the limits of the organ ized S!ates and Territorie s. is better appre ciated by them than it was a few scars ago; while education is now attended to.. and the habits ()I civilized lire are gaining' ground among them. Serious difficulties of long standing con tinue to distract the several parties into which the ( 7 herokotls are unhappily divi-, deed. The efforts of the government to tuf-' just the diflieulties between theta have heretofore proved JAPlStiecessfuT; and there remains no probability that-ilik- desirable object can be accomplished without the aid of further legislation by Congress. I will, at an early permit of your session. present the stilu.iet for your ronsideration. accom panisl with an exposition of the complaints awl claims of the several pAties into which the natio n is divided, with a %jolt' to the adopt ion of such measures by Congress as may enable the Executive to do justice to them respectively, and to put an end, if possible, to t h e diss , ll, , ions w Inch heft„ Inng prevailed. and still pre‘ad, among them. I rent, yon to the front! Of Ow Set many of the Navy (or the n,r.ral rondillun ni that Aram h • the nal,nnat deter. e: and (or rave onages:ton,. haven; for 110.0 object ine In , re:re of or Oft, tents, and a culler ecnnunly 1n lla maaa 4 , r In r,O fkirin: the p.Ol year the office,, and men II Ine hot coed 1 heir doly Ina art okounry ni•ttner Tn. * lot have keen give n ha!, hero rite ttled with pronlotot, and rid. Itty. A far:, (cte often formed one mnstiron minder our 5 .g. was readily enirateil In 11.. Culf or M. lien, and, ain't:o,ol, wutono tout, 0 rant' 0 0 e.perlatly lu be olwer•ed that, • ern het tndlng Ile union of n.O on,tdrral le a fame, no 3.1 ty I, Tomo/ lied !to t! the )ealotos of an Writs trA grower rairlS r .41(tto all Sri .(raz:re—toll, and !hat the co tunand, of the moo idiot, and 111. office, in Moe/ confront , v well, 111, trin Iratalon, holdin; theinwlve, err, a!'y Inc the torot only, have tirllfreed 11, Oil! purer glory of "nOlO,lOlll in the prelso•abon of d that at all nit! (nteizn stations the h inerfl b.,. hero tnatniatned, and that. rails, nor 'tidos or war bare Len di-din:oohed for the r enod dociplkne and nrtfet. inn en add that the iliirtoill, n. 31111111 0. true which was rennlred by ,yenoi o f 0 0 rumor r h . ,. keen wholly within the .011•1 soproptotinn, tor the !mom,. n( the year, so That no additional approsittat ions air rt nutted. The ennune!re of !lir l'nhed Stales, and With it the naviz tnterew, have •teadlly and rapidly Increased tinrr the rtrtrniilr iltnn of mir:covernment, until it 0 lie. tiered . are now Refund 10 lint one Nl*, in the Wei Irt, and at en dlelaril Say or nlralt rOlishlr Ire Interior to none. rtoroed a, they ttitot ha• keen a wise on. her In allord to a low Important Interests nroleellOn Wllll °or •liiris or wan, didribtoled In the :reit 1 1,110r•ys of trade Ilirnozhnot the wnrkl. Tor more than thirty lean , thatoPttaltnn• have been made. and annitally Txpenaed, for the gta , lllll inert* - ye of oar naval forte, In our navy profortiol the trontlrlittit thitv nn orntecting 011 r Trimmer,. anti in the rvetil nr War, will tie, as It Ilan been, a most efficient mean , nf defence. The .atrre•alttl n.c nr menu, navieatino on 'the recall has brit followed hy the Introduction of war.•teanner• hr cre.ll and lorica-ini outlaw,. into the earner 01 the maritime power. of 111. world. A due regard to otir own rafely and to an efficient prOrtrlinD to our lame rod me, eaglet- 'miner, re demand• a rorrearendloz r. , Pale on our part. NO country hail greater facillt ien fer . i he eanstnnetion of thia deseilpi lon of Ve..fla than nor., or can prom, itself (rester ad./. Wafer , (rout, their aiofi ' ln meld. They are admirably adapted to Ilse pro. lectlen of our er•Fte, to , ne Iran.nOirrOott oho. lellipenre, and to theroast defence, in pnrmsance of Ihe wire policy Of 110 gradual of our navy, large supplies of live oak tin,hcr,and other materials for ship building. hare been collected, and arc now under shelter rnA in a ;date n( nod preservaliont while iron steamer% ran he limit with areal foe Illly in Varluill. parts ofilie I'. nine. The one of Iron an it material, especially In the EBE=1:1111139 aeOfol re our free Illstitoilostr, would WSW. 'MVP' bee item; on the people, and be dangerous to public insert,. Our retie nre for protection and defeuee on the land must be mainly on Our citizen soldiers, who Will be ever ready, as they eber have been ready In times past, to rash with alacrity, at the call of their country, to tier dere te. This description of force, however. canned defend our coast, harbors, and Inland seas; nor protect our corn meree on the oteln or the lakes, "liege Must be pro. (wed by our navy. Considering an Increased naval forte, and especially of steam totemic corresponding with our growth and Importance as a nation, sod proportioned to the Inmost. scd and Increasing nntralipower of other nations, of ram importance as retards our rarely, and the great and growing Interests to he oi - netted by ii. i recommend the subject to the favorable consider:it : lntl of Cringress. The repuit:of the Postscoster General herewith com• municated. contains a detailed statetheht of the opera tions of his department darling the past year. It will be seen that the Income from porn:tut 4111 fall far short of the expenditures for the year between one and Iwo millions nf dollars. This deficiency pits been emoted by the reduction of the rates or postage, which wee made by the act of the third or March lasi. No principle bay been more generally nrquiesred in Its , the people than that OIL department should enstain Orel( by limiting it, expenditures to ha income, Conzresti has never voughl to make it a sourer or revenue for general purpo-e., ex rept for is short period during the last war with Meat Britain, nor should it ever become a elvtrge no the gener. al trearoirv. If Converts shall adhere to this principle, ^` I thtuk they ought. II will be nere:scry either to rear tail the Ort's , nt mail servire, Kt as to reduce the expert. gibes re., or an to modify the art of the third of Mardi la•t an to Improve Its revennee, The extension of the mail ,ervtre, end the additional faelletir• which will he demanded by the rapid extension end increase of poen lotion on our ',Pomo frontier, will not admit of pitch moriallment as will materially reduce the patent expen• ditores In the adinstmeni of the tariff of poAtages the interests of line people demand,. 'lint lilt , 1 ..." rat" in. adopted which will produce the nreeerciry revenue to theesnenditures of the department. 1 invite the attention of to the Plit.t, 0 11:1 11 * of the rout !two, General on this .tut et, under the belief Oat •urh n modification of the tate law may he made as will yield sutfirieni revenue w:thout further calls on the reasnry, and with very little change in the prevent riles or postage. Proper tnestmont hare Men teken• In portrnanre of the girl of 3d Iltarrh laid, for !hr nlAbliolitnrnt or 111.... of nail stenntrro between thl• and forelvo ronntrles Impolldurn or 11,l a.•rvire commends fisclf eironzly to favorable enorldrration. With the growth of inir enitiotrY. the Freddie Imainerie which devolve, on the head. of the several Esecu ice: Ilep - trimento has greatly, increased. In tome respeCls.! the devrltartion of deo,. arming them weir. to Or* loco. erelong and musty of these might he transferred from (Wet to another with advantage In the politic interests. A! more ansoleenn• time for the cons'deratinn of this illbjeel; tiv Coe , with a view to .ystent In the organizat lon of the several deperrt memo. and a at,,,. appropriate divi don of the politic busine.•. will hot pro . .ably occur. The inns, untnrtant duties of roe glAir Department re- I In' , to our foreign affairs. fly the treat enlargement of the (entity of nations. the torten... of our romeneire, and! I lee correstwoding extension of nor conenlar syulmn. the! hooters* of thi. deparlowni It,, been crrntiy increased.! In its present meanie:tenni. many duties of a domestic) oature, and enneiselng of detallet, are devolved on the; F'oereiarY of State, whlrh do not appropriately belont 10 th e forrhin d•rinrrrnent of the tent. and may pro pert', he I ratisferred In WIMP other department• One of thew. ? ton, not of he prevent state of the law concern- It 1 g the Patent Office, which. a in. trenta sinc•, was a solwirdinaierl• Itehert. hut Las there become • dirtenct bu. r an of g seal inipmtante. With an eV . ..tient internal. organlzat l On, 11 It .till connected with the Slate Dewitt. ment. In the tranaacteun of it. looseness, onestions of, mach importance in inventors. and to the contootnilV.., fr. ott•ntly Arise, which. by .'zest roe lavva.•re referred for dr, ,i,ort to a hoard, of which the Secretary of Stale ; ts a nesenher. Thee oiled fon. ate legal, and the con nes ion which now exists between the Slate Derv:trim ml and II Nee., 110irr, may, with Steal propriety and advan tare, he transferred to the Attorney General. In his las, annual me•sage to Covegronw, Mr. Madison, invited attention to a proper provi.ion (or the Attorney General an irtlnoitani improvement in the everuti•e; retahlishment This recommend:3lmo war repeated by some of his enrcewn , • The Mr. tat Mitres of the At i Aorney General have Iwen much increased within a few senor, and his edlir• hag lwrorne one of great IMlmrtaeree. r His duties may i.e still farther Increased with advantage' toll, public interests, A. an eZerillOre officer, his re. wiener and con.lnneattent ion at the vent of government are required. Legal que.tions, involving omportant prin. , elide*. and iarte ainnuol• of putelle looney. are comitant. Iv referred In him by the Prenideol and Egeeittive De ourtment. for hi. evandnalon and declaim,. The peh hc be•ineme under hi. official management before the pi denary nap been no eengmenied by tier egtension of twirl §ercifocy and the art. Congres s anthorising sotto tr. :Most thr United Slates for larre bootie. of valuable Pad , I hk lands, IN greatly to larrease Ale !Mord and responai.l I the...flare recommend that the Attorney Gen-, •r.O he placed on time game footing whit the Heads °Mee' other Execnily• Departments, with sorb ruleardinale officers, provided by law for hie Department, ag may be remelted In dl.charge the additional duties which have! born or may he devolved on him. COY :fee. 00.1 ,, 01 I he power of exclusive trltistation err the District of Coltimhia: and I ronamend 11w Inter. , T. of lithaliiiaors to eon. f,,ectrahleconsiderallon.— he people of this district have nn letislattee body of their own,•nd nomil ennflile their Meal as Well as their !corral Interests to representatives in whole election they hare no eolca,and over WOO, Ornelalronddel they Wee uo control. Ech member of the National lotto 'atmr should entwider himirell as their Inintedia:e rem,' settlatter, and should be the mare ready to ate, his alien. I on to their ottereol4 and want., ImeratlYe he in not fey rrOovible to I her. I recommend that a liberal and eene -1 rou. spirit may rharacterwe your measures in Wailer., to them, i shall eye, hr disposed to show a proper re- 1 for Ihr tr wishes.. and, within constitutional .hall at all time rherrh Ile ro otwrate with you lot the, atleancenomt of that r welfare I tin•; it may lint he deemed inappropriate to the area. moo for me nu dwell for a moment on the memory o f the most eminent mimeo of our country, who, &prin..: ihr ...timer 11131 a .on. hy, has dmccrided to the tooth. The en.) pying,i of ,mo a need ace nf near Grut.r•rme V 1,11 •, the happy condition of hi , country. ehrerrd the Imo hour. nf Andrei,' .I.lclosomlol/0 411.00, 1 0.1 1111! 1110 in the tranquil hope or a files red Ito ntort alit y. HIP death AMn henry, a• his life had Is-en eminently it.eftli. Ile had an unfaltering confidence in the virtue and ca_ partly of the people. and in the permanence of that free government whirh he had h.r:ely anti Ittu rt 4 to ...1,h11411 end defend. iln. great 00041 S had 10 . (111,110 him the affection. of his fellow emu..., and it wan his happiness to %linen the growth and glory of his eountry which he lowed se well. Ile departed amidst the benedictions of milhons of freemen, The nation paid its tribute to his sneninry at his torn', 17omint. reneration. will learn from Ile, en amp?. the love of country and the rig Is of man. In hi. la nvnap. no a similar o r ca•tois to Inc present, ••1 now commend pall, fellow_citizeos, In the guidance of Abut:Jot. God, with stud iellanrenn Ili. merciful pro •ldener for line maintenance of onr free institutions: rind with an earnest supplication, that whatever errors it may be my lot to commit in di<charaing the arduous little. which have devolved on me, will find a remedy In the harmony and wisdoms of vow coo-mete" JAMES K. POLK. IV A Derembrr 2. A Special Meeting of Lodge 45. A Y Nlalons, milt he held thin e.eninz, at the M Temple, corner of NVnorl and 3 I 11, A genet id attendance of the members in r.qu•sied, an the of•cers e lect will he instaled for the #:*2 , 4„. • ' • rustling MIII3OIIIC year By order of tilt• Wur.hlpful Muster. JOHN A PARKINSON, Sec For Rent or Sale 7l HE slaw rther wi•ines to tent Jr sell hi, Tavern II Stand in the borou?,11 of Denver : sign of the P,nnsyleautn House. The stand is a good one. and any person mis Ling to purchase or tent will find it de strable. Term. easy. JOHN LIGHT. Beaver, Der. 3, 1345. dec. 5. tr. N. B. For further information enquire et this office For Cincinnati. THE 111 PW and fa-t running steatner MILWAPKIE, CH V.. F.. CLAHIN, Master, will leave forabove and inter mediate pelts on Friday, the sth inst., et 10 o'clock, positively. For freight or passage, having superior ac commodations, apply nn board or to dee, 5 ror New Orleans. h L THE new end splendid Steamer ROBERT MORRIS, H. CAMtBit.T., Nisster, will leave for the above aryl all intermediate ports on the first rise of the riser. For freight or passage apple nn hoard or to ROBERTSO3 & MINSIS, Wood at. Dec. 5. tf. Oh Yes! Oh Yes! A TOU CAN always find at G. Schnrck . s on the carp net of Fifth and Smithfield streets, Fresh oys ters served up in every style on the shortest notice.— Alen. Candies, Fruits and Pastry's of the choicest kinds. Call and see. nov I 0-tf Bank Notts anb excliange. CORRECTED DAILY BY A. =Alas, aZOIIANGE BROZIIII, CoIIN Eli at THIRD AND WOOD trfettfs M'ECIE STANDARD. Merthwits andManitfattnt±ta'Strsii...:.: Exchange iianiS i ctiti: zz; s ; ... ; ; Cu rrrncy 44.••• ...... Berta Vann/ i. rifi. ;; s ?.3 tit. On Pitslazielpiid. ,; ; z; Nero Ytt rk J.l Boston ..:1 ::: - Balarnere Gold Silver pENNsitLVANll.—Piffshtttoti Bank of Piltiburgh M•rckants and Manufatioirtri Exthan ,, ' e .......... Do.llollidaysburgh. PHILADEIAIIIA; Bank of North America Do Nortkern Liberties • ...:..pas Do Pennsylvania : . ii". ii•.par Commercial flank of Pennsylvania ... i .. 1 , . • , par Farmers' and Mechanics' bank s/....ii.pai Krasinelon hank ""...pai Manufacturer:and Mechanics' par Mechanics also “..par Motamensing •••• ~....par Philadelphia bank par Srhuylkill " Soulkrark ..... "........ par Terafrrn ..• • flank of Penn Tornakip Girard bank . ' Par U. S bank and. branehes COUNTRY BANKS. Bank of Germantown " Chester county ......J• ...... pat " Delarare county " Monlcontery county ...par " th u mherland 4 . par Farmers' bank of Ruckscounty......:, par Faston bank Doylestown bank ......... ....•• • ..... Franklin bank of Washington Bank of Charribersbargk...... • . ..• .... • I Gettysburgh Leristorn " Snsguekanmiteotinty Be r katoundy bank Columbia Bankand Bridge Company.. Carlisle bank Erie bank Farmers and Drovers' bank • " Bank of ham-aster • " Bank of Reading Harrisburg bank llonestlale " Lancaster " Lancaster to." . . Lebanon " . Minrrs'hnnkof Pottsrtlle ...... Monongak elm hesnk of l rornanille Nes. Hope and Delaware Bridge company. Northampton hank.. Towanda bank..... Wyoming. bank.... West Branch bank York hank Lehigk comfy bank, 641Ai ..5 Re!moot bank n( St. Claireville.....--- • • • I rlinton hank of Coln.bra .... Columbiana honk of New' Lisbon 1 (/.a , easitier) 1 ( {Torre'', cashier )...... ...... no sale Commercial bank of Lake Erie.... 1 Prank/in bank of C01ninhn5........ ..1 rarinereond Areekanies' bank of Slembent-i11e..1 Perm-re bank of Canton 00 Geesoon Ora ',trill? Hamilton . ..... ...10 Lanraster 10 Marietta lfassillon . . - . Merhanirs' and Trader'''. einoinnerti Avant !Heenan'............ ...........1 Norwalk Putnam 1 SandamE, • ...... • ---- -• • 1 lb 1'rhana....................4s {roost?? . • 1 .bola . ....... ......... ........1 ....... ........... INDIANA Vale. bank and branches Pale Serif ...... AU ba n ' • Stale bank Bank of Illixnia, Skatentettoirli NI ROINIA . Ba n k orth Valk, of Virginia .. . . 1 Ronkof Virginia I F:zrhang, bank of Vtrrinia Paralcrr . bank./ Virginia...... 1 North- IS'estrrnbank of Virginia...... ..4 Me rrhants'apid Meth anies bank of Virginia_.. .4 Rank vl Mor MARYLAND. Baltimore City hanks.. All other solvent ba5k5.. ........ ... NORTH CAROLIA All solvent basks.. ...„ ....... SOUTH CAROLINA. .411 solrentbanka .—..„ „, All;olsent banks Mobile ha rtkr . Country bank., LOUTS! AN A New Or/rans banks (rood)__ AllSanks !MC II TG.Or. Rank of 31. Clair St. Clair..... • • Bank of the River Raisin. Monroe—. Parmer's' and Mechanics' Bank, Detroit Michigan Insuranee, Co. Detroit Oakland Coney Bank, Pontine. It IL NIVO Lots of Ground in Flemming's Han of Lou, on Sandusky sr, in Allegheny City; these lots are in a dnsinable situation for fmilding on, as they belong to a widow lady whose obitiet it to have it e iotrtest annunlly, a very small sum On the pur• chase money will be requited, and the balance may remain fur n number of years, seemed on tfie ptdperty Title good and without any incumbranea. I;Ferms of various sizes and prices in Westetn I; Pennsylvania and Ohio. Fifteen !mini ground, 40 feet by `3OO, neat the vii- age of Spring Garden. (irogtle!.'s Run.) Two neat dwelling. near the Canal, Libetfy t. One lot and dwelling house on Pena st. Two lots of ground on Pike at. Four lots of ground on tibety st. A number of Legato lease Pte fife .01 Ward for 13 years. Apply to nov I 4 TILAKEtt & MfTCHIRt. (AN hand and constantly Manuftzetneing, Men 1,/ Spoons of all Lind.: Table Spoons; Tea du Desert du Soup Lsoilee; Sugar longs, &e., &c. Also. Silver Forks,of all pattenut era sites, fotnish• ed promptly to order. as cheap as they can be% procu red at from the East. WANTED. 500 on aid Silver anal asepah coin frrt *filth t$ highest price will be gives hi mat et trade. Vt I , lr no, dr? corner of. 4th and Market st. J N JONES axes. ltit)OZ Holmes east steal falling ales warranted. 2 •• " doable bit axes, for sale by noN'2l. GEO. COCHRkIV, ilre ti pre, prern fi rem SPEC tE ....4 prey, rar IMTM KENTUCKY ILLINOIS. .... p.. ..... ~ Gr.ORGTA ALA LAMA TENNESSEE For See, Apply ,0 BLAkELt & MITCHkr, POE SALE. SILVER WAiitE Patronized by Eroryb•ny. The tVondellul vegetable Purgative, - FOR tilt , : (tilt t: OP i 1 LL• (iildinrs Itt•rilttutti.m, l'ffins in don Hack, 16- '0 0 .4 Ihr kantt Ri*itNt :time Frt.r of dll kind*, Fir go.h, Sep Salt lihrtiln, Heartburn, rivero, CoUtt iC gnitiory, Whooping (.:40.46 k2' • LlV , r4:llftiplitint.Erysirso z. , 4 it. , Skin, Colds. dout, Gray ”).71r1.101.1., •OS .1 variety. of Oi 6ft . 111//eiPS hum trbf,tilae. tenii-A, and üb ettec twes in the exitio,i• 414,,,..1 [ Vt , ellfiot Quelec, L. c.i LIMP:AIit; THE LIVER Oran Slat—Ayr er-al,l. to yuLt desire, write to keep you stipticed of It., 1441aprt.111 of the Clleketsee Sugar Coated Purgstße Pill, in this city. tur any recdllect, when I first commenced eeliint "oar Medi cine, elku was in May, 16,4. we little.rieftened of the success first Would crown the undertaking. Du premises had been so completely flooded by the use thousand and one unealeable remedy fur every possi ble complaint under the sun. that I seriously comet's. plated having 11U1 tang more to do witti •ay thing of the bind. However, ut the most urgent solltififfittai we consented lo make it trial of }Mite. At first was found considernbledifliculty in tot acting public etteetlue to wards them. People had been AO often deceived by the vile compouhd• lac!, have tiooded the country for the last 15 years or mine, that they deternithed. if possible, octet to be •• taken in" again; end the tome quench. Was, they could hardly Ire persuaded to accept of the Pills, at the saving is, for "boat nor money." 11114 matfetts proceeded for n seek or ton, when, as ..good luck would hate it, "Mi.. 1 a lady caf our clty, alto had long suffered from an stoction of the Liver, accompanied by indigestion of the most ob stinate character, ass persuaded tonesept of • bitile, on condition that nothing was to be paid for it, if they did nnt &Turd her the necessary relief. I Must adefess, Weourselteshad very little faith in the 'flatlet, know ing as we did, that her complaint Wall Mis of tong standing, and hall been unsuccessfully treated by tire most eminent Physicians of this and several neighbor ing town.. But we had determined to give the vuedi• tine a foie trial, and if it [inured to lie worthless, it would be a spume of satisfaction its krittw it, both to you and to us. No lea. to our joy ittem surprise, bow ever, may • few days had elapsed, When the lady again presented herself a t our counter end enquired firs assail er box. ''l really think, Mt. Williatnt," says she. "that your Pills ate liteglithina to tsotk a greet change in my health, and altogether fur the better. IVben I took the second dose, I began to fed much hetterthaa I did et fitsti the pain in my aide was conaiderthly Te -1 limed; my appetite began to improve; and the Hood seemed to circulate through my vein• as it did Or Sly Youthful days. Since then, I have takeo the Natal/Jet of the Pills, end my impturemeht has bete sensibly progressing at every repetition of the anat. I hare no doubt that a few Mott boxes 'Will effetindlly me." The re-solt were It she predicted. Her berth!! is compiete4. restored. The flush of pant( toil bend , ty has returned to het cheeks, and the ;maltreat of It long emit a happy life it before her. 1 en setitfiett the will never forget the CI ickener Sugar-Coated Pillst As might naturally be supposed, the netts of this tit tmordinary cure was rapidly disseminitintl thrtittighltfta city and adjacent country; and scarcely a Week[ laid elapsed; before enquiries began to be made fin Click poet's Sugar-Coated rnrgatise Pills; and the delisted hes sheady invented In such an ettetit. that we fied the greet et dtffictilt yin supplying it. !brat, fr It did not seem like exaggeration, I might ithnoittity thirt*s are literally besieged try viOthen anti (+Hien, Whig , tog under every possible ailment %faith "hrdnith dub is heir to." The belt, the lame, and the biindi ftre asthmatic, censumm ive, and dyspeptic, ate thttitsgfir. our doors in pursuit of the never-failing Parl!titted.- T.-Aire/A.6las of its salutary effects are volunfartly towing lit Upon ut ftom every quarter. Otte Perron informs us he his been relieved of a most obstinate Dyspepsia. Another has just reentered Dote i *H enn sited: of Apoplexy. A third has succeeded expelling from his system the symptoms of isuadlea. And a fourth has just recovered ft rim en attack a huts monaryconaumpt ion, w hich had confined him to his bed for many months.—Bowe gt. But da not tail to keep us supplied. Besides One kaolin 'trade. sers have standing enders from the county) , to a large amount. Send ag Gross at your earliest coneennence, Yours, &c. It. H. rvitLiAmo. (241.ebt . t L. C., April 14, 18411. 11EN1r.111t11.:t1, f)R. C. t. CtiCkt:t•:P.tl. time original ittveutur of the Suget Cbtoexl dun nuthinr, .1" the soli tries ever braid llr fntro duced then, in Jtatic, 1813, as *ill be iiteh bj the fol lowing: rR}:SiIC 11 This Diploma wag alcartiell by the AMF.kierfilf iNSTFITIF, at the Annual Fah, helti in the chi n( New October. 1843, to C. V. cticlict.titztt, Fur the hateptiun of St.ll3A 6 coAtt:t) (las. • -- - . JAM TA 1.1.N1 A DaF., INeeititta. f. R. SVAgiguirl,CiiirespioulingSethitatt. thaboir J. LiirDs, Recording Seicnititi. r4P To Avolb CoUNTl:KFlClTl.—Purchasers rota alstelys nsk fat Clickener', Sorer Coated ir , getabis I'll 6. and see that each box het upon it his sithittatv; ail others ern enirntPrfeil. HIM. JACKSON, turfy,. of %Vona toff VW?, stmt.'s, is Dr. ClicLonor's tent for Plitsiyurgis end act. SELLERS' VER3IIFCGE ►_ILHE number of Worms eznelled by the WI of this Verenfuge N truly notderful. Ned the %Hotting. OteenYins, Augusta Co. ifs., Ittrw. la, 11146. dlr. R seu•rsi-1 gave tO • striate ion of Mille otte and I half teaspocnceil of your terttelfugai anA ft brought from bet, in the tours. of 35 hteresi NINE HUNDRED Worms, sortie of them of a huge sift. I have no hesitation in recommending it to (be pubiit r» one of the best remedies rot ti 'rtes tithi intro hes flee N. GtfonGE ttr. Y.. Nov. 15, 1141 bear Sir:—The above Mil given voluntarily by Mt Brand, oho is a reopectablia farmer in one neigh borhood. F GRAHAM. Kit Mutat. rir. Mr. Hrand's lewd' can Eie sten by lay palm. bt may doubt the •bow. This safe and efficacitma %Twin Meditipia is ptetatt ed attd auk! by R El SEttEEtilE. No 57 Wriogi suld .1.0 ,c ker r A. Nibbler. 149 Wood stmt' ti Wilton, Jr gind Win Thorn, letarkirt strati; fay di Climb% Fifth %V•rti, and P &boring, end 3 d'hitelis elf, All'gheny city. noirld To Shipliers4 WE are authorized in receipt for hoilut.B, taltimule. Philadelphia, and Nan'i , Cork, Bmwnsville and Cinnberland, at die (oft:digital MN/ VIZ Oa Pirit eital Ashes, ilecde, flutter, Cheese. Lafti. , Elikkoer6khalt, Polk, tobleco, tillow anti Whistet, to Beltimerei 'iBse.; to Pltilidelpl3ld, $1 riff; it, N. Turk. eeP per 100pouncre 04 Secciel Class &e., to }l , otirnorn, 90e.; to Piti4d i c7 Si Of); to N York, $1 15 per 100 On Third Clessit Dried CR. Rect. af.ic Slam Ind Wool, io toiltimnre, $1 00 to rifdadelphis, $1 Itg N.tOlk, $1 25 per RIO Ciu Fourth Chas. tiberkat, Peatheti, ran, Peking*, Ginieng, Mips mvrehantiii. and Snake rot*. Battimote, $1 tie; to Philndelphis, $1 37i; tu'firw 'lark; Si . 56 port UM M. P. Rflat & Agents. sos 26 Ncr 5i Witsir moot OE Sa3ail A LCit Of graved on Liberty an, neer the ChM** llatrth, 21 feet front IN/ feat deep, this lot it eat that potikto of Liberty et, lately paved, iindir= a cleanable lot foes privets derailing. It wilt low. Title inciieptitabfre end terms say. PO! to BialrEtt *Tni"...
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