Oatlp „Morning blast. JOHN BIOLICkE., LOllor. / It/BURGH, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 5 _ . Pe .' V it PALMER. entsitt, newAreper. , , i. the Agent for the Pittsurzll Posh and NVeeltly Metcoty LIMA Nitinufacturer, to rttceive lttleettisentortts anti Ile 1104 office, in VIIRK. to le COiIWINIr.e, .%1111 Aleel. (td. Ittit t i ttgt h, Tribune Oißer:) - Po,tos, No. I. Stole sheet. 1 1 111t.srtshrtits, 141.11 E.,letlC and Cool Otr,e, Sp Pine street. ('sheets.., where our paper call be seen, 51111 !XI 11. of advetti• sing leorned. POST.-Ili order to place our rca ders in possession of the message of the President at as early an hour as possible, the Pose bearing date Frida!, Morning, Dcc. sth is issued this (Thursday) afternoon. President's Message by Express. We received the President's Message liy private Express (rem Cumberland, this mor ning at 10, i o'clock. The Message was car ried from cumberland to this city, over one hundred miles, in '0 hours, and 30 min utes. This it will be admitted, was very rapid traveling, considering the depth of thy• snow, and that it. was carried most of the route in the night.‘ The Express was under the direction of Rope PArrEasos, Esq., of this city. his in structions to the riders to pass every liv ing thing on the road, was carried into full effect. At present, we have neither time nor room, to say more. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. Fellow-citizens of the Senate and (louse of Rt.,' r esenlatives It is No me a source of unaffected soth.faction to meet the Bepresentutives of the States and the peo ple in Congress assembled. as it sill be tit f eeei se th e rid of their combined wisdom in the administration of public afftirs In performine. for the first time. the duty imposed upon me by the constitution, o f gi ving to you information of the :state of the Union. and recommending./ o your consideration such men• mores as in my judgment are necessary and expedient. I am happy that I can congratulate roe on ihe eon tinned prosperity ore country Under the tiles. sings of Divine Providence and the benign itiflitenee of our free institutions, it stands before the world a spaciacle to national - happioess With our unexampled adynncement in all the ele. m oo, o f national gessainess, the affection of the pe e . pie is confirmed for the union of the States. and for the data Ines of popular liberty, which lie at the foun dation of oar government. It beccones us. in humility-, to make nor devout or knowledgements to the Supteme Rider of the Uni verse for the inestimable chit and religious blessing.. etch which we are favored. In railing the attint'3onof Congress to our relations' with foreign Power's, T - am gratified to be able to male, that, though with some of them there have ex•l isted A inCe our last session set ions causes of irritation e ar: misusulerstem4ing, yet no actual hostilities have! taken piece. AdoptiveMit maxim its the conduct of our foreign affairs,:to "ask nothing that is not right.' •nd submit to nothing that is wrong." it has been my anxious desire to tereOrve Peace shut all notions; hut. at the same time, to bereparetl to resist aggression. and to maintain ell notion rights. In pursuance Of ilitte . joint resolution of Congress. "for annexing Texas - to the. United States," my pre decestor, en the thirdday of March. 184.5. elected to. submit the first ern:lsecond aeet ions of that reso:ution to the r public. of Texas Senn overture, on -the part of the Uni•ed States, far her admission as a State in.l t s our Union. Thfi'eleefinti I approved, and error& ;trey the c' arge d'affeirs!of the United States in Tex as, under instructions of the tenth of March, 1846, presented there sections of - the resolution for the ac ceptance of that erpublic. Tire executive government the Congress, nruf the people of Textss in conventien, have successively complied with all the terms and cort ditions of the joint resolution. A constilrninn for the State of Texas, ferrlCed Is, a convention of deputies. is herewith laid before Congress. It it Nen knout, also, dint the people of Texas at the mills hose tw ee:it'd the terms of annexation, at .d ratified the con- StitOlinn, I communicate to Congress the cc,rrespondenee he t weets the Secretary of State and our chardEndres in Texas; and also the correspondence of the Inter with the authorities of Team,: tole, her uitht he effiet al documents traramitted by him to iris owr guvern meat. The terms of none.cation whirl. Isere offered by the United States having been accepted by TflaS, the public faith of both parties i• solemnly pledged to the compact of their union.. Nothing remains of ronsum mate the event,but the passage of an not by Congre,, , , toedtnit t;e Sate of Texas into the Union upon yield footing with the original States. St rune rf often. exist why this should hr done at on early period of ilt • ! erosion- ft will befifeireved that, by the constiott lee ' of Texas, the existing .government is only rontineed ' temporarily till Congress eon net; and that the 11-tt Mondnv of the present month is the flay appeitited ' for holding the first geurral election On that day governor, s lieutenant governor, and both h-neelte• of the legislature, will be chosen by the people. Tire President of Tedas is refillired. immediately after t he receipt of ofEcia I "infrirdiation • t lint the new State hos been admitted into oar Union by Congress, to ren- Irene the legislature, itnd, upon its meeting, the exist ing government will be 'superseded, and the State government organized. Questions deeply interesting to Texas, in common with the other States; the ex: tension of our revenue laws and judicial sroem over her people and territory, as well as measures of a lo cal character, will claim the early rotention of Con gress; and, therefore, 'To, every principle of republi• con government, she ought to be represented in that body without unnecessary delny. 1 rivulet ton earn estly recommend prompt seller, on this important subject. As noon as the act to Admit Texas es a Stare shrill have passed. the union of the two republics will be consummated by their own voluntary comserit. This secession to our territory has been a Wm - ellen , achievement, No evil of force has been raised to produce the result. The sword has had no port in the victory. We have not sought to extend per territorial possessions by conquest, firour republican institutions over a reluctant people. It vi as the deliberate hom age of each peopl to the greatirinciple of our federa tive union. . If we consider the extent of territory involved in the annexation—its prospective irdliteree 4 , n America —the meanies by which it has helm ncrempit-hed, springing purely from the rlinice of the people them selves to share the blessings of our union,—the histo ry of the world may be challenged to furnish a road lel. . The jerisclietion U nite d t S taten, whirl, at the formation of the federal constitution was bounded by the St. Mary's, nn the Atlantic, has passed the Capes of Florida, and been peacefully- extended to the Del Norte. Ir. contemplating' the knincistir of. this event. it in not to he forgotten that the result woe achieved in despite of the diplomatic interference of European monarchies. Even France—the country which had been our ancient ally—the country which has n com mon interest with us in maintaining the freedom of the saes—the country which, by the cession of Louis• inns, first opened to us access to the Gulf of Mexico —the country with which the have . ibeen every year, drawing more and mote closely the bonds of sitecess. ful commerce—most unexpectedly, and to our un feigned regret, took.part in nn rfortto prevent annex. etion, and to ifTlllOO , ten T !ass, as a recognition of her independence. by . Mexico, that the would never join herself to the United States. \'e may rejoice that the tranquil and'petvedingdafluence of the Amer. jean principle of si4-government.WWlsuffilient to de feat the purposes , of British nod French interference, and that the alogisno unanimous voice of the people of Texas has given to that interference a peaceful and effective rebuke. From this example. Euroaran goy eminent" may learn how vain diplomatic arts and in trigues must ever prove upon &Anima/tent, against that system of self-government which seems natural to oar soil, and which will , ever resist foreign interrfe rence. ===X=a : ;:"...EAZA. -- 4 Towards Texts 1 du not dealt that a liberal and an arms spirit will neluaie Congress In all that concerns ber`inierrsts ■nd proet esity, and that she will never have ratio to repel Oat aim has united lice "lone Mar" to our Amino, conrtrttattou• 1 legrei to info, ni you that our relations with Mex ico, inner your last seedon, have not been of the “ntlea hle choral terarlaich it is our desire to cultivate with all foreign nations. On the sixth day of March last, the Mexican envoyestraordinary and minister plenipotentl. ary to the Untird. Stairs made a forma' IfuotcalT, in I lie Halite of Ills aovartillient, against the joint resolution Passed by COragien , , • .or I lie annexation of l'n x;ia to the United Slates," whirli he chose to regard as a violation sf the tight, of Mr onto, sad, in Conacipience of it, lie (cola oder! Ilia fa•spoi Is. lie was infornind tl at I' eeov. ernmeni di Ilie United Marry did not consider this joint rr,ohoton a violation of Joy of the rights of Al, earn cr that tl atfordrd any ju>t came of offence to Itti gov• rrorneiti; that the BrituliliC of Teton Was an indcrwodent Power, owing in allegiance In Mesita, and rOliglil log no part of her territory or rightful sovereignty and Ju• rsdivion. Ile was alto assured that it was the sincere desire of this government to maintain, with that of Meilen, relations of prare and rood understanding. That functionary, howevsr,snotat ithstanding these re. prerentations and assurances, abruptly terittlraled his mission, and shortly afterwards left the country. Our Envoy Extraordinary and .4!lialaler Pleilipolentlary to Mexico wit: ri fused all official iniertnarae with crivernnititil, anJ, after remaining several months, by the permis•lnn of his own government, Inc returned to ihe . uptind It ides, Thus. by tl•e ten of Mexico. all dip. Tommie intercourse belt, ern the two countries Wall Fill. penile(, Since that time Me, ion hns. until recently, nexttpied nn nUinul•• of too anis the United Strove.— linl been 111 , 11nIta 'lnez and "unitising armies, prochonntinos and avow fig the intention to troika wnr on the United St nteo, either by an open decinrotion. Or by invading TY7OI•. flub the Congress anti CU, yention of the people of Texas invited ibis Govern. Ine/11 to send on army into That terTitory, to plotert and defer .1 thorn rignin.t the menaced attack. The MOinelit ilie terms of annexation. offered by the Uni ted State., wore nrcepted by Tem., the hut,' became in far n port Of our aw n country. n• to make it our dirty to 'Afford such protection uod defence. I titer e bit e deemed it proper. 114 11 preroui knot v men OPP. In order n strong srunidion to the coast. of Mexico, rind to content rote an (flkient millitary force nn the wr•t. ern frontier of Trlol4. Our filmy Wag ordered rn nil, Conic ion in the count!) . beta ern due darer. nnil the Del Norte. and to repel any invasion of the Teann ter. rittir, which might he rittempted by the Mexican forces. One orpludron in the golf wall onleted to co operote with the army. Btu though nor army and nix were placed in n podtion to defend our own, an•l the rights of T. ans. they were ordered in commit Ito act of hostility against Mexico, tunic.. she deckled wnr, or wu• herself the oggre•sor hy striking the first blow. The result has been. :bat Mexico lids made no aggrt•aive movement, and mir militufy argil naval com mander • have executed their order. with such io n th a t the peace of die two republics hiss not been di.turla•d Texan lot. declared her independence, and main. tained it by her arms for more than nine yea... She ha. had an ottani...l gov •rnment in .urcersful opera- lion during that petitxi. Her neparate existence a• an independent mate, has been recognised inn the Ifni ted Slate/ and the ptineipnl Power. of Enrope Treatien of commerce sail nn. ig,ntion hail li,en eon cludod with her by diff•tent nation.. and it liad be rum.- manifest to the in hale would that any further at tempt nn the part of Mexico to rorgiter her, nr over ihrow her governmennt. would be vain. Even Mn,. CO herself had become fail-fled of this fart, and the gne•tiatn of nrinexittion was pending befote the people of Ti. 139, doting the pen summer. the govern merit of Mexico by a formal art. agreed to reco gn i.e. t he Independence of Tenn' on eeudit ion that ohm v oold not annex bend!' to any other Power. The agrees I mem t o ac k now ledge the independence of Texan i. a ! fact conceded by Mexico her.rdf. and .he had no right or flttiOr its to pte•crihe reatrirtion, RP to the form of government which Texas might afterward. choose to 11.11111111, Ara though Mesico ennnot complain of the United Steles on 'termini of the annexotion Tcnn, it I. in he regretted that ism Mos C 30 5 ,5 of mi•tintier•tnntitug betueen the too countries continue to growing out of unredressed injutic• inflicted by the Mexican a uthorities and people on the persons and prnpetry of citizen., of the Unit, ti States. through a long setae' of yealt. Mexico has admitted these ',jun it c, but has neglected anti refu.ed to repair them. Such Ras the character of the 'along., and such the insult• re atedly offered to Ametieun citizens and the Amer. jean flag by Mesien, in pelpalde Niolation of the tau • of nation! and the treaty between the two cot:re t ie. of the fifth of Apr I. 1:111, that try have been ropeat ctify brought to the notice of Congress by my A• en rlv as the fith of February. 1;137, the president of the United States tie-eared, in a mesas ge to Conger -3s, that .the length of time since some of the ino,tes have been commitiel, the leprati d and unavailing opplications for mires., the wanton char acter of some of the outrages upon the rer•nroi and property of nor citiz-ns, upon the t thcers and flag of the United State.t, independent of recent to this government and the people by lite late Exirnordinairy Nle.ican miNbaer, woold justify in the rp.. of all stn. ti on • immediatewar." lie did not, however, recom mend an immediate rerun to this exit eine measure, oljrh, he declared, -ohould not be well h. just and genernut nations, ent fidit g in their strength for ] . ju• t ie. c o mmitted, if it ran be honontbly avoided:" but, in a spirit of fotbmirtince, prom-I.rd that another de mned he made on NI-siro for that retire., hick had been In long and actually withheld. In the., eornniiiterit of the two 11,111.1.11 Of Congress, in repot!. namle to their respective Invije., enrienried, Since these proceeding. more than right sears have elapsed. biting which, in addition in the strong!, then eon . , other , of an ggntvettd chtirarier hive been committed o n the persons rind property of OW citizen.. A •pecial agent at., ,rit tit :Mexico in the ittrimmer of 1318, with full author - Iv to ma k e .n ot h o , and final demand for redre.s. The demnici wit. mad , : the Mexican government to repair the rrings of which we norrnlqined; and after murk delay. n "f Indemnity w Ph that slew was conclotitsi between the two power. nn the I I ih of April, 1839, and was duly rut ified he Loth g,overnment 4. By this r reety j“ir.t commission was creat,i to niljoillrate end de ride on the claim. of American citizens on the go vernment of Mexico. The commi•sion ems orgimised at Wadtington the 9 ith day of Auga•t, 1810.— Iheir time wry limited to eight ten mom he; at the ex• pit-ethic of which, they had najtalicoted and decided clnims amminting to two millions twenty six Omit wind one hundred and thirty nine dollars and sixty eight cents in favor of citizens of the United Sim, a gainst the Mexican government, leaving a large a- 1 mount of claims undecided. Of the latter, the Ame rican commissioners had derided in favor of our rot rens, claims amounting to nine bundled and twenty eight thconanntl six hundred and twenty seven dollnts I and eighty-eight cents, a itich were left onnelad Ito the umpire hot i•ril by the treaty. Still further rinims amounting to between thtee and four millions of dollars, viete sobtnitieil to the board too late to he cnnsitleml, end were left ;indisposed of. The 'urn of two million. tw ettty-stx ihnuonnd one hundred and thirty-nine dollars anti sixty-eight rents, 'derided by the honed, was a liquidated nrul aseerinined debt d ue by Mexico to the claimants, and there war no . 1 , 141 r ea s on for dela), ing its payment arcording to the terms of the treaty. It Wllll not, however, paid. Mex. ico applied for further indutgenee; and, in that spirit of liberldity and forbearance which has ever marked t ha puliry of the United States towards that republic. the request was granted; and, on the 30111 of Januatv, 1811, a new treaty was concluded. hi this treutyfit wan provided that the interest due on the awnyis in Coot of claimants under the ennyention of 11th A pril, 1839, should I e paid on 30111 April, 1843: anti il it anthe principal of the said nwards, and the inter ent ari•iirig thereon, shall be paid in five years, in equal instalments every three months; the said term of five yenrs to commence on the 30th April, 1843, as afmao said." The intet c<l (Neon the 30th April, 1843, anti the three first of the twenty instalments, have been paid.. Seventeen of these instalments remain unpaid, seven of which are now due. The claims which were left undecided by the joint commission, amounting to more than three millions of d o llars, together with other claims for spoliation' on the property of ram citizens, were subsequently pre sented to the Mexican Government for payment, and were so far recognized, that a treaty, providing for their examination and settlement by it joint COMM i i s ion, was concluded and signed at Mexico on the twen tieth day of November, 1813. This treaty was rati• fled by the United States, with certain amendments, to which no jail exception eould have been taken; but it ha.. not yet receiverf the ratification cif the Mexican government. In the meantime. our citizens who suf. -fored great In.ars, and come of whom have been re duced from affluence tobunkrnptcy, are without reme dy, Unless their rights be enforced by their govern .nrent. Such a continued and unprovoked series of wrongs could never have been tolerated by the United Staten, had they been committed by one ..f the prin cipal nations of Europe. Mexico was, however, a neighboring sister republic, which, following our ex ample, had achieved her independence, and for whose success and prosperity all our sympathies were early IMIIIE=EI IMMiI EM:Z===Mt enlisted. The United Staten erre-tire first to recog nize her independence.-and to receive her into the family of nations, end have ever been desirous of cul tivating with her a goad understanding. We have therefore, borne the-repeated wrongs she hes commit ted, with great patience, in the hope thnt a retur ning ...env of justice would tiliirturiely guide her councils, ;and that we might, if poseible, hunotably avt.nd any lona ile vtllieiun with her. VI limit the previous authmity of Congte.a, the Executive pos.essed no power to adopt or enforce adequate remedies for the injlllied we had Suffeted, nr to dt, more than be prepared to tepid the threatened 'aggression nn the part of :Mexico. Alter out army nil navy had ietnitincil on 1110 frotOlir and coasts of Megleo fur tnany weeks, a ithout any hostile move ment on her part, though tier menaces iverecontinited, 1 deemed it introit/nit In put an end, if possible to this state ufs.t.44ngs. Wisely this sive', I caused steps to he taken, in the month of September lust, to assettain distinctly, and in an authentic form, V. lint the design., of the Mexican government were: a helper it was theit intention to declare War, or invade Trxua, nr whetbeg lihry welt, disposed to adjust end settle, in an °mica• i ble manlier, the pending diff, relic,.dem centhe ten O n t h e n i n th ,if dos miller an 01116111 vier CIA revise I, that the :Mexican governtr.ent consents,' to renew the diplomatic rolutioni v hich had been suspended NVith a sincere daire to pr,. ! secy.' peace, mini restore relations of 4 ,0n0l tool- r-tion6 I ing heteeen the two republic.. 1 a nived /in Ceroniony In 111, M.llllllor ni 11/1/Ca ing diplomatic tenor-, ibetwerra them; and a..umie g die iuitiotive, /in the ,to u tl i .0.1.1111/er a 1111.1114:111/111111.1 nil lien of L 00 id,,,, appointed Envoy Esdraindinaty and M•iii/OVI Irlenipotetiiinly to Mi sum. ,lolled aith full [meets I to adjust, and tb tinittsely serge, all pridin g ilifkrrn IwIW/4/0 the tall countrir a. int-haling tint, ol ilsoundr) beta ten Main, and the State of r, The ha. foet.ollt oil his nobsioon, mid h is pluloalily Its dill time near the Nlrxicen Ile lots been itoarocird to to log tile negotiation with which he is charged it /I rinicillsion al 11. e rattiest! iroucticable period; a hich, it is expected, sill 1,,, in n ;time to enable mo to communicate the result to Cote Lees. dining the pi esellt session. Chill /hat 1,2111: / known, I r,,,, butt/ Ili ii•colnniClAl to Col gin., /4141111. ter for men.utes of redress for the wirings ignil we have gm lerig borne, II• it would hove been proper! to make had no such tie: 0 ,686.m In en hoot itut-11. Congress approplieved, at the last session. the slim! !nitwit linmit, d and ors cloy fi, P th 011.11113 dOIIaID for 'the payment of the April and July indiohneett• of the; Mexican indemi ii lee for the year 1814: ••Vrovideil it • • ascri tains d to the anti-Coes inn Jibe AnICI icon government, that said instalments base been paid , 'the Mexican 'government to the agent appointed !else United States to weeke the same, in smelt a money l as to discharge all claims on the Mexican govrintnent, • l and said agent to he deliespieto in remitting the mo ney to the United Stifles." The unsetdrd Slate of our relations a ith Mexico her iirisolied this 1.11..1,1 in much mystery. The first in format ion, in an motheneic form, from the agent of the !United Staten appointed Walt, the adminhoratiora 01 .my predecessor, aas received tit the State Minot. rrarat on the ninth of Nose niter In.t. This i• contitin..l ed in a letter, dated the iievento emit of October, aid •ilre•sed by him In one of tail' fit/aro% awn in Nlfliro, with the sire of hating it communieated to that de yeomen!. From this it appear. that the agent, on :doe teentiolt of Sepieguher, 1844, gave a rut/ 111 the treascry Mexico, for lilt amount of the April and July instalment. "(the indemnity. In the same , cornmunical 6.n, hoarser, he •10/4•11• 110/1 he hail not received a single dollar in cash; but that he bold. such secui noes as w ortantrel him at the time in giving dm teccipt, and emelt/sins no dont', lint flint he Will mem totally obtain the money. A. obese instalments appear nes er In Lose barn scion Ily pnid by the Government of Mexico to the ngcra, and Si Ihat government has not then•fore been trienaed so •6 li, slischsrge the claim, I do not feel myself am-ranted in dimming payment to be made to the claimant. tad of the I ree•• tine, without kosher leg i•lostion. 7 it Ca, is, UrP ileMirthily one of much hard-hip; and it remains for COl1:11.” 10 il/ tide a6riltrr any, and elle!. rebel might to be panted to I her, Our minister to NI, xi- GU bas been inatrocied to aseertnin the far t• of ilte case l am the M ex ican : aro tometit. in an atithentic and of ficial form. and to report the result. a Oh as little dells as possible. My attention a aa earl) directed in the nryr,tiatiott, hick, on the (mirth id Mar, 11 1.10, 1 found pending at a.loingto on bete ern th e States and Grew 111 nein. on the subject ,if the ( hrgon lerrinif. Three several attempt. hail been prsvictualy made to settle .h e quest i on in dotrite beta ten the Tao Coilnl i 113 toliatinn, upon the pr Metric of compromi•r; but .eisch had proved unitirces•ful. These negokationt k piper to London, in the tear* It: 18. 18'24 and 16'.!ft; the fait fort under the atimini•- ' ,o w , o f tlr Montoe, and Intl tottlet dad of 'sit rims. The negotiation of Inking; failed 11/ PC roMplidi its sal jeer iw•011.1 in the convention of the 20th of (tctobcr of 111111 )1-nr. By 111 C ,hit 11 Uflir /0 01 that convention it Awl - nfirell, Idol 11,1 roOrilI) 11011 ,may be claimed by either party on the northwest coast id AITI , riCI, 1m6 , 11a aid of 111 C Stony mountain.. • together a hi t ,in lintborp, h.i!, end creek., sad lie na y igation of all ti. era a ithin the antTIP. EP` free and °pent'. 1110 ICIIn of ten yeer• from the date it t he •i,ttnatorre of lite prettert eon, ant ion. to the . testati, oat nuji.ji Cl 4 Of the twit it 1 , 1•111,7 l't• tiler of the taro high rontiartittgt pow•ro may h a t, t o „,,, part 1 ,1 the Maul croilloFy. Her 0.1111 it 10/ taken to uflrt t 110* (I time of any sat her pow., or tootle to 111/ par, 11/e Said rOuld///, the only object of ilitt ( - tontinn ing patties it, Hurt restart being. a p revent disputes ionl di&rencroi among IlicTod‘rd." The negotiation of 18.24 w an priPlOrlit ..f no nn. • and the eons entail 01 Inut sat grit in orating. 01. . . . The negnt tit h,n ..1 Iti2G. bn.iug nl4o faded to cdert adjito me. t be cornprotni•e, resulted in the conven• lion of A1.411111111e ,111.111. 1827, b% which it a Ili ngteed to cow irow in force. for an trait trots: pe riot, the rO.O. tisitms of the third arttcle of the ct mention u( 'hr w en: lob of tictoher, 1F,18; and it was further pro. id• ed. 'lint -it .11.1'. he competent, I owt ver, etcher of the cow inctirg p.ortics, in ca.e tither shou d thir. fit. at any time after the twentieth of lktober, 1838, on giving due notice in twelve months 10 the other C. 111• trio-Imp par V. 11/1,00111 and abrogate this convention: and it shall, in such case, be accordingly entirely an. nulled and abrogated after the espiratlOD of the said term of start'.'' In Ihr.c attempt. to adjust the emormersy, the ' , stele! of Ille for ty•ttinth degree of north latitude hail been offered by the United States to Great Britain, and in time of 1818 and 18'26, with a further coocessinn old* free navigation of the Co• lombia river 11P111h of that latitmle. The parallel of the forty•ninth degree. (tom the Rocky mountains to its intersection with tho northerwernmost brunch rd the Colombia, and thence down the channel of that river to the sea, had been offere 1 by Great Britain, 'with an addition of B small detached territory north n( the Co:umbin Each of these propositions had heel. rejected by the pan les respectively. In October, 1311, the En•av F:xtrnertlinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the roiled States, in 1.01,- d m , was authorized to make a similar offer to dm.. mode in 1318 and 19271. 'rhos stoorol the question, w h en t h a or:fol i a ti on s y n . shortly afterwards transfer red to Washington; and, on the twenty third of Au gust, 1344, was fot malty opened, under the direction of my immediate predecessor. Like all the previous negotiations, it was based upon principle of compnwre int.:" all tl.e avowed purpose of the parties was f l eet of the re pective rlaims of the two countries to the Oregon territory. with the view t,. establish a per manent boundary between them west staid of the Rocky mountain, to the Pacific ocean." According ly on the twenty-ninth of August, 1811, the British plenipotentiary offerri to divide the Oregon territory by the forty ninth parallel of north latitude from the Bosky mountains to the point of its intersection with the northeasternmost branch of the Columbia river, I nn! thence down that river to the sea; leaving the !free navigation of the river to be enjoyed in common ' by both parties—the country south of this line to be long to the United States, and that north of it to Great Britain. At the fame time, he proposed, in addition Ito yield to the United States a detndhed territory, north iof the:;oltimbia, exteneing along the Pacific and the IStraits of Fuca, from Bolfinclt's harbor inclusive, to Honda canal, and to make free to the United States any port or porti smith of latitude forty-nine degrees. which they might desire, either on the main land, or o n Quadra and Vancover's island. With the excep• tion of the free ports, this was the same offer which had been made by the British, and rejected by the A merican government intim negotiation of 1626. This 'proposition way properly rejected by the Ameticnn I plenipotentiary un the day it was submitted. This way the only proposition of compromise offered by the British plenipotentiary. The proposition on the part of Great Britain having been rejected-, the-Brit ish plenipotentiary requested that a proposal should be made by the United States for 'an erpsitable adjust ment of the question. NVhen I came into office, I found this to he the state of the negotiation. Though entertaining the settled conviction, thin the British pretensions of title could not he maintained to any !Notion of the Oregon terri tory upon any principle of public law recognised by nations, yet, in deference to what had been done by my predecessors, and especially in consideration that propositions of compromise had beenlhtice snide by tw• preceding administrations, to adjust the question on the pen-allel of foriv-nino degres, and in two of them yielding to Great Britain the free navigation of; the Columbia, and that the pending negotiation had! been commnenced on the basis of compromise, I deem. ed it to be my duty not abruptly to break it off. In j consideration, too, that under the conventions rtf 1818 and 18'27, the citizens and sulijects of the two Powers held a joint occupancy of the country, I was induced; to make another effort to settle this lotie.pending con troversy in the spirit of moilt ration, which had given birth to the renewed discussion. A proposition was! a c c ordingly made, whirl. was rejected by the British plenipotentiary, is 110, allieua submitine any oilier pro position, suffered the negotiation on his part to drop, e . xpres,sing his trust that the United States would of. ft.r w but lie saw lit to call "st.llle 1111/ther proposal for the settlement of the Otegon ipenstion, nititeconsktent I nide l'airness noel equity, and with the era unable ex pectations of the Bluish eosernmetit." The prrepen! sit ion thee• offered and rejected repeated the i.fler of the parallel of forty-nine degces of al; [mitotic, which had been made by lA-0 ptceedittg toltninisint. thins, but without proposing to surrender to Great flu itnin, as they bad done, the fuse its ieution of alto Columbia river. The tight of any fur. ign Power 14. the free nasigation of all of our rivets, iltiough the, bruit t d our remotry, wits one which I was unwilling to renc. In. It ahorearaced .4 IWO,' i•I011 In mute free to Great BlS:tinnily poet or ports Olt 1111'111p i11Q , 01,1111 ! and V a , eo wee 's island, south of this pa; allel. Had ilii• hernia (ICI% question. coming ostler diicussion for the Best time. this ['tor...Sionoi.l.l 1.4 have b eau ., made. Ihe I Icruot,l noly and n holly madmissable. elamni.el• of the Ili iti.h coverrineent, rend the rejection: of the peopeni.iten made in deference alone to what had (wen done I-v my predecessors, and the itnplied obligation which their act+ seemed to impose, afford I satisfactto s evidence that no compromise which the United Sialesoullo t,nere(t . can be effected. With the. cons ict ion, the proposition of etimptomise 111111 lin.l hero made and rejocted, n•, by env sill evil... -eel,. queenly at idolise's., and 1.111. ill IV to I Oregon tett nor:. ~.rated, and, Bo Is belie‘rd, main•' wined e”, irmL agnble fuels and togionetit s; 'I he civilized world a iil see in these prtvessi tries • •pir:t of liberal conces.ion on the part of the Boiled ; Status; and this r ovrrnmeut wilt be relieved Boni ell rmiptinsiltiOty which may follow the failure la Iseult cont vire .y. All ntte-rnpt• at compromise l ■ring failed, it be rt 'rea t h e di t ty of Congte.. wrnn.i Iv, wits? In , it may be prom I to adopt f r lie tri.inly end priory tion of inir citizen. now inhabiting. or tnay beresftet inhabit Oregon. and for the maintenance of OW 311.1 title to that territory. In ;quilling mes.orea flo thin purpose, care sliou d be taken that nothing be done 1010 violate 11a • at haul. inuo, of the convention of I F 27 a bleb is •till in ("ice. The faith of Hest - ics, in !hen letter and it, lu. ever been. and. I trust, w ill est, be. scrupulously "horned lust United States. Un tie.- deli convention, a year's n ot ic e i t re . in t ie l to :ken Lc iii her party in !lie other, berme Ihr joint lie etepariry .11411 ti rniihate. lif before either can right folly ••40.1 . 1 nr vneiciac • V.C:tlyi,r j m iad feline over ar V po r ti o n of the tri rinny. 7 his nl/lire II would, in my be rr"f"rt to ttiv. ; and I reconimerol 11.1 non l,e made liv lON (Or giving it accordingly, and let minion g, in thi• mumer, Ihr Con•r111 ion of the •ixtit'.l Angio., It is N orcr for Congress to determine , v. tint legidation 16 y rim, in the mean lime. adept' n idiom violating this convention. Beyond nil 111001; tLr protection of our Inn • and our ptri.dict ion. civil 10.1 ctimlu.l, ought 10 be i l liMerloo.l mer our either. in Oiegon. 'I hey have had i11 , .' tail., t t complain cf our lOng neglect in this pip ocular, and have. in conretpo lire, to ('Ti COITI ire 111r11. for their own secorit, a n d protection. to roshlish a pros iaional govern!, em for themrelvi s. Strong in t heir allegiance end ardent in their attachment in din Cooed State, they brie been thus cart upon tin it nn 0 re:intone.. Thin are anxious that our law. should Irr exit-rola d , overllmm, anti I reconimerol that this he done Inv Conyers with as little delay as possible, in t h e I,ll' extent to which ihe Be l'arliament have proceed ed in regard to British rubjet tr in Om tnrrthity be their act of July the sorioni, "far regulating the bu.utrde, and establishing a criminal and civil Jurisdiction within certain palls at North America." By this act Great Britain rxtendid her lens and jut ir diction, civil and criminal. oven her suojeft , ., engaged in the fur.irsde in !101l In rlilllly. ii, ti erour a of the province of Upper Canodo were empowered t.. tat, cognisance of rati.es civil and crimi n al. Jurtice. the pryer •itll ntherjt.licialo9icetaacneawhorir d, n 1 be ri ppoii.ted in Oregon, v. Oh punt, to execute rill : i.siling from flin ronut. of [brit pint ;are, and to ''sit and bold COllll.l of n.ci.r I for ilie t ,•f trims nal "frif,r4.4 and mi.:demeanors," nn: made tl 11/ so hjr ct of capitul puni.hmrod, ■nd •Iso of civil carea, where fur can, of actii.it .hall not "rxrced i n value Elm , i m ooo t ar 0 4, 1 of two fitimirrii round.," G,lr.r,lan tit la the dale of this nit of in. linmero, nnt wan mode from h • •• Ili ir islieross n" to the Hurl •on's B. Company. of the enclusive trade Milli the Indrso irises in thethegrut territory, sirbiret to is to sersarion ;hat if shall not opsoure ro i.eT excl. pion ••411 the .1119.rti of any rail rigs Stares who, Miller of by l uc re of try corerentron for the tone hrinr. twiwer. us and such foreign stistr•resperuivery. mai lie twirled to, and Shall hr in the said * l ade," It is mush to Ire irgirtiril. thou. Mlido tinder this 8 0 1 11, ;6511 subjects linter entrryr rl rhe trotretion of Bri tish lon , .rri,l Ile it i.h jndre nil iritolllll4, tLna~hout the SCilal , of Huregon, Amer icon Cit IT,I1•. In the Saint ter I i,orc, have ririve,ed no Sorb pr st, coon from 'twit goo— ernmrut At the enure t he re•rilt 11hour:0120A' our rumple and their inroinoions. In Tilt. a ;his neglect, ihry Lane moltrplierl. and th e , minder is rflpiilly ineren•irie in lino territory. The, hate made no appeal I. anal.. bu r r bane peacefully for rificrl themsrries in their new homes, by the nrloprirrn uC republican irnoirroirrn• for the-nisei. est furor-161q t nnolt i er e14111.1P of tltr truth that lit•ilgiiscm orel h s inherent in the Amer icon loes•r r , nu,t Most pre, nil.— II is doe them din( Hlr, 2.should bt roihruced and pro -4..0,1 by alit 1220. I t ti deemed important hint our Itsos rry,ttlattn : trade and Intercourse old! the Intlutto tr ilr+•. ra•t of the Rocky rnonntnitip, ellendt if to turh It 'll4, lid dwell bermd them. 'ft, i oere .,si t tg . enligtni len to ( Itrcon, told the este nod prot , (lion which it line 11(1, i Ile rrr relent It. is citizen. in that dionnt rcgion, innke a our tlntl, tot 11 I. arse Inlrrr.l, I t cuiliv.tte able crittlint4 o he Intl . .an hibc♦ til tint( ire riot.). For nrcornmentl th.it provision be Rl.l.lat sin Indian agency. and «Itch subdirenetes «s may he deemed neurtsaty, beyond the ROCI.y. rricn/iltnena. F, , r the protection of emigiaars h ilst in their a:.. to Oregon, at,inat t he attack+ of the Indian tribe. oc cupying the coontry through • hid, then pnoi, I re. commend that it SI/liiiiiie number of otoct.nile• and block•lintw In is I.e enerteil along the usual route be tween nor (limiter settlements on the Missouri and the Itorky mountain,: and that an adequate Alice of mounted riflemen be rui.erl to guard and protert them on their join Ile!. The immediate adoption of these recommenilatinns by Contrrio *id nut violote t he p i ,. vi,hois of the exisring 'truly. It a ill 1....d0ing nothing mite for American citizens than lawn have long since done fur Bt itish subjects in the same lent tot Y. ft requires several months to perfittrx the voyage by se■ from the Atlantic States to Oregon; and I bousth we tutor a large number of aha le ships in the Pacific, but few of them tiff'ord on oppottonity of in., terchanging intelligence. without peat itchy, between our settlements in that distant region and the United States. An overland mail is believed to be eutin•ly ! practicable. snit thn importance of establi•fting such' a mail, at least once a month, is submitted to the fa. vornhle consideration of Congress. It is submitted to the wisdom of Congress to deter mine Ir., lint her , rut their present session, and until after, the expirat ion of the year's notice, any other measures! may he adopted, corishhently with the convention o f 13'27, for the• uvur iry 14 our tights, and the govern• I merit and protection of nor citizens in Oregon. That it will tilt ' , timely he n i.e. and Pre. per to make liberal, Ztarlio of land to the patriotic !mincers. who, BMW at privations and danger+, lead the way through savage tribes inhabiting the vast wilderness intervening be tween our frontier settlements and Otegon, and who coltivate, anti are ever ready to defend the soil, I am frilly satisfied. To doubt whether they will ever oh• lain such grunts as stxm as the convention between the United States and Great Britain shall have ceas ed tit exist. would be to doubt the justice of Congress; but, pending the ,ear's notice, it is worthy of the eon• sideration whether a stipulation to this effect may be made. consistently with the spirit of that convention 'rhe recommendations which I have made, as to the beat manner of securing our rights to Oregon, are submitted to Congress with great deference. Should they, in their wisdom, devise any 'alter mode better caldulated to accomplish the same abject, it shall meet with my hearty concurrence. At the rod of the year's notice, should Congress chink it proper to make provisions foc giving that no tice, we shall have reached a period when the nation al rights in Oregon must either be abandoned or firm ly maintained. That they cannot be abandoned with. outs sacrifice of national honor and inteiest, is too clear to admit of iiotibt. Oregon is a part of the North American continent, to which it is confidently affirmed, the tittle of tha U nited States is the best now in existence For the grounds on which that title rests, I refet you to the correspondence of the lute and present Secretary of State u jib the British plenipotentiary during the ne gotiation. The British proposition of compromise, which would make the Colombia the line south of for- ty nine degrees, with ft trifling addition of detached territory to the United Staten. north of that river, and would leave on the British side twoahitds of the whole Oregon territory, Mehiding the free navigation of the Columbia and all :he valuable hntborn on the Pacific, can never, 6n• a moment, lie entertained In the United Slates, withent nn ehandor menu of their just and clear tei ion hi! right s. thee own self-respect, and the notiemal honor. For the information of Con an-see, I communicate hen-wide the curt espondence .fief t oo k plnce between thee two government* du ling the lute negotiation. The rapid eximeeion of our .. tt lenient. over our ter rinern a heretofore unoccupied; the addition of New States to our roreferlerne.; etLpannort of (rem vene er! les, and our rising goestnew an a nation. are ;limn, tine , the attention ut the Peewees of Europe; nut Intel , / the dome inn Ina been linear:heel in scone of them, of n baleenee of powm" on thin continent. 01 check our what cement. The United Simple, sincere ly sl e .i,imq of Irr e•el vii;; 11.1illi11110 i f good understate. ding w ith nil nations. cannot in neletee e permit any Fri. repeal , hoe, 1 niece: on the Non'. Anorit col ...mine M . : noe l should any such interference tee attempted, will he resell to ',lli it any Wet ell buzzed.. It is Liolina to the rnpric a o pe o ple An d t o a ll ne ,u, n . tl at thin government liv. nese: i bib red ve the ',violet...! •teheisting between tether g,,ersa llen r,— l\C hasus never made ourselves pond , ll 10 their war; or their alliances; we have not soityht their terrinn ries by compeese; we have net Mingled ai , h portico in then domestic strugeles; and believing our own goy ernment to be the bent, we have neve r attempted in peter...roe it ley entreaties, by et erelomm-v, or by nine claim on Ibis' remittent a like exemption born Ei t iopmsei Intel leience. Ibe minor., of Atorti en ere equally eovereige and itedepsntlent web theme KUloTe. Tee posse,. the same rights. indepen dent of all foreign interposition. to make war, to co n e-hely pence, and to regultor their iniernal affairs,— The people 01 the United State• cannot, thenfote. sieve with in llfference attempt, of Enropean powers to interfere with the independent action of the nations on this continent. the Ame Ivan e, atom of government is entirely d e ff e , ent from that of Europe. Jealoney among the d if rent soveerigno of Europe, lest any one o f th e m might her ,me ton powerful for the lent, hai caused them anximudy to desire the establishment of when they elm aie•the hence of power." It rennet be pre mium' to have any Application on the North Ameri can coniiteetet, and t epochally tei the United States. We must ever maintain the principle. that the people of tide, continent alone hove a right to decide their mot n destiny. Should any pot tion of them, constitinie gen independent stair, referee to 'mile theme-elves with our r•rnfeder•cy, this will be a rTar.lit n for them and „, to i n t o . mine, without any foreign interpose hm W• ran never consent that Florae an Powers .hall to ricer to prevent such a union, Isecamee it might die note the ••batance pew err" a hich they may desire to maintain upon this continent, Near a fplarter of a century nen, the principle was di.tinctly announced to the 'lSOrtil in the annual mewase of one Of my Trent.- ' res-orn, that "the American continent, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed anti maintain, are bencefoith not to be considered as sub kete for Wore colonisation ley any Entornee Power." This mem-into w ill npply ante grew!) item-re-eel force, iihnoln airy Valrnpeno powrr iltfrflart to establish am new Colony in South Ammica. In the existing cit• Of tine world, the presort is deigned p r op., ,area-ion to reiterate and ri affirm the principle snowed by Mr Morerew., and to •T•te my c or di a l con , curt mere in its a imlom and metered policy. The •e-se•ere ion of this principle, especially in re . (meta, to North America, is at this day but the pro mutant inn of *policy which no Eerier...an r o.e..l.guld char isle the di•positieen to resist. Existing rights of ",.. y E ur ope., n a tion should be respected; but it i• doe alike to our safety and air interests, tbst the ef ficietet preelection ol our laws should be extended ovrr nor whole tetritorial limits, and that it shoukl be dis tinctly announced to the would its cur settlrd that no tutu e r pre n c dog yOr elomMion shall, nth tome come. nt, be !dented or established on any part of the Noah American continent. .. A q uestion has recently ails. n uralcr the tenth esti !mein of the condition of our finances. The c!e. of Ito. sub.dissln e treaty between use United Stairs : and l'ru• .. h.. RS IlsiS article, the consuls or ,L 0 two ; . i mports for the fiscal year ending on the 1 • 1111,116,1 ha', the light I n c sit a. j ud g es 1001 eirlsisra.. 30th June last. were of the value of one t ors "In sof Is .I.ff• ens re. rya may arise between the' hundred and seventeen millions two litind c ptoin• and the c.c.5,., f the vessels In lon g in g Ist the • red and fifty-four thousand five hundred nations VS 1...... intetest • are enroMiill . ll CO diets char g e.. wii),,,,,, sic i n ~, t -, r ,,,,., „I- s t ir . 1, ~.,0 nosh, r i f i r , „ fl. and sixty four dollars, of which the am't l e•s t h e con du ct of she crew. o f of she captain 5h....1.1 ex ported was fifteen millions three hund di.,‘,,l, ili ,, ~,der or r."l"i'Y of t h e i'"'" , !l'i so the red and forty-six thousand eight hundred ~,i .oo.oi..iowd sc a n r , their assistance to cls:se and thirty dollars—leaving a balance of 1 I.e r it ci•ions i s he rut fled 1111.11 fit CI sir •sp r autess '' , The l'onssinn e-msol ni New Betlt'ord, in June. 181 1 one hundred and one millions nine hund- o f , f ,if,,i lo Nit.. Jusdire Story so entry into etTs ct a de- red and seven thousand seven hdudred and coin insult. by him between the captain and the crew thirty-fair dollars for domestic consunip-; guest "'":tion. of the l'rloo.inis ship Ilfolo,sin: last the rf The exprts for the same year were,. r.. 1, 1 ,51 on the g round th..t. tssillnut previous I. g i•la- ! e • Ir- 1 i • • . no t t ot the value o one hundred and fourteen', Isign g.) ....Mtn .•, 1 ~.. 3.1. telltr) did pos.eas s se power 10 g ive stied! to Ills article of the treaty. The !millions six hundred and forty-six thou- ! Pris.•inn [over - omen , , thrott2h their minister here, sand six hundred and six dollars; of which' l''' e ''''"P ! ''''''''i of this ‘inla . ii" '' l. , the 1,7„:..."tYs and ! this amount of domestic articles was nine-', h ave arts d The ggnernnleid o f 11 I . nit., 11stes s h. ~ ,k rs rn i ff the necessaet.•ure4 11, nleVent similar .; o tv-nine millions two hundrsd and ninety , !Minn. hereafter. (;..1.1 hinh to l ' en.nde, a. Well no . nine thousand seven hundred and seventy to other nal toil. will. ill...horn we have .imilnr treaty' six dollars. `tilint"th'e . ' '9"i" " that firm o—id he faithfully 1 The receipts into the treasury during Mows V.. 1. I inn, dressed it pro b er, then•forr, to In) the same year were twenty- nine millions she sahjel t hrlore Long rrs., and to recommend such • - „ 1, 1 1-Winn as nosy he siceei•en• to g ive ofr , i to these , seven hundred and sixty-nine thousand one tirsoy stipule, into. hund red and thi ri rtv-three dollars and fifty- By .issue of nn arran g ement !male he,. ern the SIX rents; of which there were derived from Spanish got, omen , and that of she rotted State., in ff,,,,,,t-r, 1531, Ain , iron vesAelf. sit cc the '.!..)th Of - etitit.otint, twenty-seven millions five litin- a r s il Ifl3°. have been admitted so entry in Ilse p or t s dred and twenty-eight thousand one hun "lsl.l". ii'doding iliac of the Balearic and CP III" y dred and twelve dollars and seventy cents; i•oi,,,t, on m ines t cf she B•01,10/1.1141Je duty of five , f rom sales of public lands, two millions ley crist• per Inn , n• doom:hairy had t n •ers S l at 11;-h ve•sel, ! entv-seven thousand and twenty-tvvo dol „,.1 'h... .. Iwther fotr sessels so five in Spin direr - II) 1..0 1111 . rglited Slgilesh 01 ;sit nestle from any oil ' , tars and thirty cents; and from incidental rues. try, When €Ol/eles. by Ilse aft of the Ihlstrvol it and miscellaneous sources, one hundred of July. 1333, B as e effect to this arrangement be:. - 'and sixty-three thousand nine hundred and .. ... .11 She lint. ..versimenh. they enlifirled she reductis.n , 'ilinety-ei ,, ift dollars and fifty-six cents. 1 ..I' lormagy I I.ir merely to Sflnni•l.l ....6e14 "[MIMI; ~, . a Irvin a l oot in Spain,” lensin g she former discrimi. 'I! he expenditures for the same period were rating duty to rentnie neto-t such vesse!s coming from twenty-nine millions nine hundred an d! a poll in any other country. Is is manifestly unjust sixty-eight thousand two hundren and six IligiS, whilst American vessels, arriving eightcents; . ni „::t y l! ;y::: dollars and ninetv of which,: of Spain from othisr count, leo, pay S t atni•ls yes•els,F i sant•lt vessels nrii.istr. in the ports , eight millions five hundred and eighty of tl e United Slates from other ersllllllies should be ,eiiht thousand one ha...dred and fifty seven' ~,i,j,.,,,,i ,o 1,,,,y .li.eriminittins tonna g e duties.— dollars and sixty-two cents were applied to This i• 'wither e n t••lity IWO teCiploeily. real is in vi,- the payment of the public debt fie hal loo.. .4 she arrangement ciii,cluded in Ds'e g mbier, I 8:1 , . hel wren She swe coigns ties. The Spani•lt l . g,v. : /Mee iu the treasury on the first of Jul y u erment have made repeated and essrnest remonstatures last, was seven millions six hundred and a g ainst thi• in:quality, and the favorable attention of and tiftv-eight thousand three hundred and Cone re.a has been several times invoked to the sub- ' jL, tin predeectotor. and twenty-two cents. rci b I six dollars I recommended, at an act of justice so Spain, than i 'lle amount of the public debt remaining ! this ineelinditY he "'we" by Cnett."". and that the !unpaid on the first of October last, was se- i discriminating duties whirls have been kyied under : Venteen millions seventy-five thousand four: am net or the thir,,,,th a Jssly, 183^_, on si . i . i , ,posed, coming tit the United Suites from any other hundred and forty-five dollars and fifty-two' foreign country, he tefanded. This recommendation cents. Further payments of the . public! ,t,.., not embrace Spultisli vemarlo an i V ing in th° 'debt would have been made, in anticipation United States from Cuba and Porto Rico, which will , of the the period of its reimbursement un-, still remain sub j ect Is, the provi•ions of the act o f • June thirtrtsrult, 1934, concerning tonnage duty on , der the authority conferred upon the Se-'! such vessels. _ ! cretary of the Treasury by the acts of Ju _ . . By the art of the fourteenth of July, 1831, coffee Iv twenty-first., 1841,and of April fifteenth, was exempted Flom duty altogether. Thin exemp. 1842, and March third, 1843, had not the lion was iiniversal, without reference to the country where it wee producyd, ur the national characterof the Unsettled state of our relations with Mexi-1 yen n el in which it woe imported. By the tariff art of co menaced hostile collision with that pow the thirtieth of August, 1812, this exemption from !pr. In view of such a contingency, it was duty was restricted to coffee Unveiled in Antettean i ueemerl prurient to retain in the treasury vessels from the place of it. production; whilst coffee impollel u nd e r a ll o ther Cllol76 t lfC e l Wall ubjecte an amount unusually large for ordinary to a duty of twenty per cent. ad enforces. Under , purposes. this act, and our existing treaty with the King of the I A f ew years ago our whole national Net herlands,Java coffee imported (rem the Eui °peso t_ l ! i r t .13t growing out of the Revolution and the ports of that kingdom into the United Staten, whether i war of 1812 with Great Britain was extin in Dual. ur American reseals, now pays this rate of duty. I pushed, and we presented to the world the The government of the Netherlande complains that I rare and noble spectacle of a great arid such a discriminating duty should have been imposed I on coffee, the production of one of its colonies, and' growing people who had fully discharged ' every obligation. listing which is chiefly brought from Jaya to the port, of that kingdom, and exported mom thence to forrign con:l -it-Ms. Our trade with the Netherlands is highly debt has been Sin co ce nt t r h a a r. t t l ; n at '. id tli :ln c aU 'x" neficial to both countries, and our rolations with them h other nations, it should be ex as it is, in comparison with the similar bur- i have evet been of the most friendly character. • Under , d . ens of m°st all the circumstances of the case, I recommend that I !hid dincriminai ion should he abolished, mot the coffee Od. Should.the state of the country per tmguished at the earliest practicable pen of Java imported from the Netherlands he placed up' mit, and, eepecially, if our foreign relations on the same footing with that imported directly no obstacle, it. is contemplated to Brand and other countries where it is produced. frothl interpose l uply all the monies in the treasury as Under the eighth section of the tariff act of the3otln 1 3 . • August, 1812, a duty of fifteen cents per gallon was 1 they accrue beyond what is required for imposed on roil w fete iu ca•k,.; while on the red wines of several other . countries. when imported in casks, duty cf only six cents per rellon was impost d. I his diierimination, so far as it regarded the port wine of Portugal. wee deemed a violation of our treaty with that power, which provides, that "No higher or other duties shall he imposed on the importation into the United States of America of any article the growth, produce. or manufacture °film kingdom and posses sions of Porruenl, than sorb as are or shall be payable on the like article being 14e growth, produce, or man• °facture ninny other fmeign country." Accordingly, to gi‘e effect to the treaty, as well an to thn intention of Congress, expressed in a proviso to the tariff ■ct itself, that no*.loine therein cuntaincd should be eocole slrurd me to int, fere w:th sulwiming itentie,‘ with fe reign, nations. n trensury circular was insur-d on the! 16th of July, 1844. which, among other thicgs, heels- I red the dory on the Port wine of Portugal. in cavlc,r. under the existing laws nod treaty, to be :ix cent.; per rmllon, and directed that the excess of duties a hich had been collected on such wines nhould he refunded. Ay iron- of another clause in the same section of the act, it is previa...l that all imitations of Port or not i ces, " s h a ll h e subject to the duty provide d furl the genuine article.' Inuit... Lions of Port wit e, the product ion of France, are impaled to some t item ' into the United Stares; and the eivernment of that I conntry now claims that, under a correct construction of the tint, these imitation• ought not to pay a higher ' duly than thiit imposed upon the original port a lire of Portugal. It notice ato tne u. Ise um quid cal urine, that French irritations of port wine should hr subject ed to a doty of fifteen cents. while the more "double :or icle from fugal shard.' pity a ditty of nix cents only r, gallon. I thersfrire tricorn:net to C. tigress such legislation a. may be necessary to correct the itr 'aural to. The late President, in his annual message of Do ren-a, i n m, recommended an apprnpi lotion to satis fy thee-brims of the Texan government ngitinst the Coiled States, which had Inien pro, iously adjusted, so far as the pciver of the Executive extend. These claim. arose out of the act of disarming a body ul feast, loon. under the command of Itlajor Snit ely, by an officer in the service of the United SWIM. act ing under the mhos of not dOVVlnmes.t; arid the frr rade entry into the custom bousent Brynrly's bolding_ on Red river, by certain citizens of the Roiled Stales, and Inking many therefrom the goods seizsd by the r.. 11. erne of the customs as forfeited limier the Ines o f Tr a i l s 1 bin aaa n liquidated debt, lacer t•ioril in bodes. In Texas when an independent state. Her se e-prance of the terms of annexatiim profioneal by the United Stateside's-2 not discharge m' liquidate the cilia. I recommend slut provision lie made for its payment The commissioner appointed to China dining the speei session of ihe senate in March last shortly et - - tem/turd. art lan on his mission in the Unit. d States ship Columbus. On arriving at Rio de Janeiro. tin his pasmsge, the state of his health had brCi.tile so critical, that by the nsmivke if his medical attendants. he rertuvried to the Unites' Stole, early in the month of Octal er last Commodore Biddle ecmmanding the East !mils sirmeiroin, prociseded nn his voyage' in the Columbus. nod was charged by the nispoott,,j,mer with the duty of exchanging with the mist r Authori ties the ratificatione of the treaty lately concluded with the Emperor of Chins. Since the 'onto of the rommi-sinner to the United Starry, his health has been much impreved, and he entertains the confident belief that he a ill soon be able to proceeJ on Ilia mist U n fortunately, aliffei races con•inue to exist Among *. me of the nations of South America, which. follow ing our example, have established their independence, while in others internal dissensions prevail. It is ne w t s,' th o t our sympathies should be warmly enli led for tlejr welfute; that we should dealt c that ill cilium sersies b. !wren them s hould be amicably adjusted, a n d their governments administered in a manner to protect the rights, and promote the pro•perit • of their p e opl e . It is contrary, how ever To r .etrlo4l policy, to intetfere in their controversies, whether external or noteJnal. I have thus scherrosl to all siehjeci connected % tilt our relstions to which I deem it ne. wooly to rail at tention. Our pork, is not iirly miser nith all, but (mid will to all the power. of the earth. %%Idle we are just to all, we rsquire that all shall be joist to us. Excepting the differences with Mexico and Great Bri tain, our relations u ith all ciiihted maims are of the most sati•faciory character. It i• hoped that in this . nlightened age, these differet cc* m.q be amicably ad justed. The Secretary in his annual report to Congress, will communicate a full state . the appropriations by Congress, to its li quidation. I cherish the hope of soon be ing able to congratulate the country on its recovering once more the lofty position which it so recently occupied. Our coun try, which exhibits to the world the bene fits of self-government, in developing all the sources of national prosperity, owes to mankind thd permanent example of a mi tion free from the blighting influence of a public debt. The attention Congress is invited to the importance of making suitable modifi cations and reductions of the rates of duty imposed by our present tariff laws. The object of imposing duties on imports should • be to raise revenue to pay the necessary expenses of government. Congress may, undoubtedly, in the exercise of a sound dis cretion, discriminate in arranging the rates of duty on different articles; but the dis crimination should be leithin the revenue standard, and be made - t:eith the view to t raise money for the suppr'irt of government. 1 It becomes important tee Anderstand dis tinctly what is burnt by a re , entle standard, Ithe maximum of which sheidit Sot be ex ceeded in the rates of duty ini'peatst. If is ':conceded, and experience proves; thst du ties may be laid so high as to &AA inE4li, or t prohibit alogather, the importatilft fie any !given article, and thereby lesson at detlirdy the revenue which, at lower rates, Ntintild be derived from its importation. Sucii'd{ll - exceed the revenue rates, and are Adt' . imposed to raise money for the support dor !government. If Congress levy a duty, for' reuenue, of one per cent. on a Siven article it will produce a given amount of moneyto ; the treasury, and will incidentally and AG cessarily afford protection, or advantage to the amount of one per cent. to the home ;manufacturer of a similar or like article over the importer. If the duty be raised to ten per cent., it will produce a greater ;amount of money, and afford greater pro tection. If it be still raised to twenty, - i twenty-five, or thirty per cent., and if, as it is raised, the revenue derived from it is !found to be increased, the protection or ad t vantage will also be increased; but if it be raised to thirty-one percent., and it is found that the revenue produced at that rate is less than at thirty per cent., it ceases to be a revenue duty. The precise point in the lascending scale of duties at which it is as certained from experience that the revenue is greatest, is the maximum of rate of duty which can be laid for the bona fide purpose of collecting money for the support of goy ; ernment. To raise the duties higher than that point, and thereby diminish the amount I collected, is to levy them for protection mere ly, and not for revenue. As long, then, as Congress may gradually increase the rate of duty on a given article, and the revenue is increased by such increase of duty, they are within the revenue standard. IVhen they go beyond that point, and, an they increase the duties, the revenue is di ! minished or destroyed, the act cease! to have for its object the raising of money to support government, but is for protection t merely. It does not follow that Congress should I levy the highest duty on all articles of im port which they will bear within the rev enue standard; for such rates would proba bly produce a much larger amount than the economicaLadministratiou of the gov !ernment would require. Nor does it foal ; low that the duties on all articles should be at the same, or a horizontal rate. Some articles will bear a much higher revenue duty than others. Below the maximum of ;the revenue standard, Congress may sad ought to discriminate in the rates imposed, taking care so to adjust them on different articles as to produce in the aggregate the !amount which, when added to the proceeds of public lands, may be needed to pay the !economical expenses of the government. In levying a tariff of duties, Congress exercise the taxing power, and for purpos es of revenue may select the objects of tax ation. They may exempt certain article* altogether, and permit their importation free of duty. On others they may tmpose low duties. In these classes should be em braced such articles of necessity as are in !general use, and especially such as are I consumed by the laborer and the poor, as well as by the wealthy citizen. Care should be taken that all the great interests of the country. including manufactures, agriculture, commerce, navigation, and the mechanic arts, should, as far as may be practicable, derive equal advantages from the incidental protection which a just system of revenue duties may afford. Tax atiou. direct or indirect, is a burden, and it should be so imposed as to operate as equal ly as may be, on all classes, in the propor tion of their ability to bear it. To make . the taxing power an actual benefit to one class, necessarily increases the burden of the others beyond their proportion, and would be manifestly unjust. The terms "protection to domestic industry," are of popular import; but they should apply un der a just system to all the various trench es of industry in our country. The ferm i 1 er or planter who toils yearly in his fields, is i engaged in "dowestic industry," and is as much entitled to have his labor protect ;el as the manufacturer, the man of corn-. !nieree, the navigator, or the mechanic, who are engaged also in "domestic indus try" in their different pursuits. The joint labors of all these classes constitute the ag gregate of the "domestic industry" of the ;nation. and they are equally entitled to the nation's "protection.'' No one of them can justly claim to be the exclusive recipi ents of "protection," which can only be af forded by increasing burdens on the "do , mestic industry" of the others. If these views be correct, it remains to inquire how far the tariff of 1842 is con sistent with them. That many of the pro ! visions of that act are in violation of the cardinal principles here-laid down, all must concede. The rates of duty imposed by it lon sonic articles are prohibitory, and on !others so high as greatly to diminish im portations, and to produce a less amount of revenue than would be derived from lower rates. They operate as "protection mere ly," to one branch of "domestic industry," by taxing other branches., By the introduction Of minimuins, or as sumed and fats:• values, and by the impo sition of rpecific duties, the injustice and inequality of the act of '42, in its praeti• cal operations on different classes and pur suits, are seen and felt. Many of the op pressive duties imposed by it unaer the _,..,.,...,....:.,_. ~:~ ; . 5 ,, :ar... _ .... -- ~ =ate",. '_
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