I LIBERTY BELL, HERE ON MONDAY, IS NATION'S ' I iSb@SB Kill S AA S / I p" » ■ ■■PgR *\»4r: _ wmmmm W. mmm mrnsmmmMmm^imms^m^m^^mmi^^^ THE FAMOUS LIBERTY BELL AS IT APPEARS IN INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, PA, REVERED SYMBOL'S ROMANTIC HISTORY * Old Bell Used on Numerous Historic Occa sions. in Addition to Its Announcing of Declaration Signing MORE intimately connected with I the greatest events in the his tory of this country, those of the Revolutionary period, than any other relic which remains to the Nation, j the Liberty Bell today occupies a unique and impregnable position in the minds of the people of the United States. Accepted as the silent symbol of lib erty by millions of Americans, cherished as the most sacred relic in the country, and guarded with the greatest care so that it may remain for the coming gen erations, this old Bell, first hung in In dependence Hall 163 years ago, is grow ing each year more dear to the citizens of America. Silent since July 1535, when it crack ed while being tolled for the funeral ob sequies of John Marshall. Chief Justice of the United States, the .Liberty Bell nevertheless rejects more vividlv than anything else the days of the struggle of the thirteen Colonies against Great Bri tain. and of the stirring aay in July, 1776, when it sent great waves of sound booming across the length and breadth of Philadelphia, and incidentally the en tire country, as it announced the adop tion of the Declaration of Independ ence. On many occasions, before and after that date, its tones sounded over the city, each time marking some important event in the life or history of new States. Washington. Jefferson, Franklin, Lafayette and other famous figures in the country's historv were laid to rest while the great Bell tolled a final prayer. Most Famous Bell In World No other bell in the entire world is •o closely associated with events of such momentous import to the human race. From the trials of the Revolution the Colonies came forth as a united and a free country with a Constitution which amplified and emphasized the inscription upon the Bell which had sounded as the Proclamation of Independence wa.s adopted—"Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof. Lev. XXV, V, X." Thousands of persons, visitors not only from all States of the Union, hut from all countries in the world, annually go to Independence Hall that they may see the famous emblem of Liberty, occu pying the most prominent point in the building, which has been characterized "The Cradle of Liberty;." Reverence, respect, awe, and patriotism are kindled J in hundreds of persons as they stand in < front of the Bell, and think of the events > in which it played a prominent part. The Liberty Bell was ordered that the need of the Assembly of the Prov ince of Pennsylvania for a great bell to sound on public occasions might be fill ed. In 1751 the fiftieth anniversary of the granting of the second charter to the city of Philadelphia by William U Penn was celebrated, and on that occa sion the Assembly decided that a new and larger bell was needed. A commit tee was appointed to secure such a bell I which was to be properly inscribed and ! dedicated to Pennsylvania's half-century ' of prosperity under Penn's second char ter. Inscription a Prophesy To Isaac Norris, Thomas Leach and Edward Warner was assigned the task of procuring a bell suitable for the purposes of the Assembly. Xorris, a student of th<» Bible, selected the in scription which in after vears was symbolic of the greatest occasion in the country's history, when the Bell indeed proclaimed "Liberty throughout all the Land." In Norris' day it was placed on the Bell as a testimonial of the Province dedicated to what at that time had prov- ! Ed to be the most successful foundation of Universal Liberty in the world. The Liberty Bell was first cast, in accordance with the order of the Superin tendents of the State House, in London in 1752. Lester and Ciat, of Whitechapel. were the makers. The Bell reached Philadelphia in August, 1752, and was •rected on trusses in the State HOUM rnd. so that it might b« tested. I SATURDAY EVENING. HAKMSBXTRO <SS& TELHX3RAPB JULY 3, 1915. That first testing inaugurated the ' series of accidents which have followed j it to the present day. Early in Septem- j ber, while still on the trusses, a stroke )f the clapper caused it to crack. . To John Pass and Charles Stow, Jr., | of Philadelphia, was given the contract ' >f recasting the Bell, and the relic which stands today in Independence Hall is their handiwork. Recommended as "in-' gt-iiious workmen" they were authorized to take any steps necessary to produce! a bell which would fill the needs of the Assembly. To mate the metal less brittle, they added an ounce and a half of copper to one pound of the old bell metal. After the recasting however, other defects developed, the Bell had lost its tone, and the recasting" had to be done over. The third and present Liberty Bell was the result. Like the original, it was lettered in a line encircling its crown with this sentence: "Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all the LAND unto all the Inhabitants thereof" -Lev. XXV, V, X. Immediately under this sentence, also in a line encircling its crown: "By Order of the Assembly of the 1 Province of Pennsylvania for the State House in Philadelphia. Pass and Stow. Philada. MDCCLIII." Placed In Steeple In 1753 The Bell was then tested and raised into the steeple of Independence Hall during the week of June 1. 1753, where t remained until 1781, when the steeple was taken down. After that it was suspended in the State House tower, un til 1846, and then removed to' another part of the Hall. At the time Pa«s and Stow were en gaged in recasting the Bell, the Assembly j of the Province, believing that the task of the Philadelphia bell makers was hopeless, ordered another Bell, an exact replica of the original Liberty Bell. This was received, but after a comparison the locally made bell was hoisted to place. What happened to the English made bell, which was retained and paid for by the Province, is unknown. The Liberty Bell is twelve feet in cir ; cumference around the lip and seven feet six inches around the crown; it is I three feet following the line of the bell ; from the lip to the crown, and two feet ■ three inches over the crown. It is three inches thick at the thickest part near the lip, and one and a quarter inches in the thinnest part toward the crown. The length of the clapper is three feet two inches, and the whole contrivance weighs 2080 pounds. The model was one cast by order of Henrv 111 in the early part of the thir teenth century in memory of Edward the Confessor, which was hung in the clock tower of Westminster and was named St. Edward, but generally known as the ] "great Tom of Westminster." Calls Assembly Together On August 23, 1753, the bell called the Assembly together in the State House for the first time, and thereby inaugu rated its more than eighty years of serv ice. Public occasions, the announcements of proclamations of war and treaties of peace, welcomes to notables, proclama tions of accessions of the English royal family and a host of other events were marked by the tolling of the great bell. Its chief use in the early part of its history, however, was to call the mem bers of the Assembly together and to an j nounce the opening of the courts. When, on May 17, 1755, the Assembly I declared "they would not make laws by ! direction," the Liberty Bell rang out, announcing to the residents of the city that the Assembly had taken important j action. It sounded again when the pro vince sent "Mr. Franklin" "Home to England" to solicit redress for their grievances on February 3, 1757. Franklin, on October 26, 1764, was bid den "Bon vovage" by the bell when he was sent to ''Great Britain" to transact I the affair* ot the province. On September {>, 1765, when the As- J semhly considered a resolution for a j congress of the colonies, one of the most; important stages in the preliminary j events leading up to the Revolution, the i hell sounded again. It called together the meeting when the ship Royal Char-1 lotte, hearing stamps for Pennsylvania,; New Jersey and Delaware, reached Phila- j delnhia. on October 8, 1765. For this occasion the hell was "muffled > and tolled." At the meeting the demand ! was made and enforced that the stamps j should not be landed hut transferred to his Majesty's royal man-of-war, the Sar-; dine, to be returned to England. Mourned Over Stamp Act With its tones muffle 3 a second time, the bell WRS tolled all day long on Octo ber 31, 18615, when the Stamp Act was ■ put in operation. Some of the people' of the city stayed in their houses i mourning the death of liberty, while oth ers in the street met together and burn ed the stamp papers at the coffee house. The people of the city were assembled by the ringing of the State House bell on April 25, 1768, to protest against the ; acts of Parliament that closed the plan-1 in* and splitting mills and stopped the : manufacture of iron and steel in Penn-1 eylvania, the affixing of the King's ar- j row on pine trees and the cutting off of the trade of the colonies in all parts of the world. It called together the famous meeting in_ the State House yard on .Tulv 30, | l'®>. at which it was stated that the 'Parliament of Great Britain had reduced the people here to the level of slaves." i Continuing to proclaim and herald al- I most evrrv important step taken by the ( olonie« toward the goal of freedom, the i Hrll called together, on December 27, i 1773, the largest meeting that had ever I assembled in the State House yard. There the citizens decided that tfie ship Polly, then coming up the Delaware tf> the city, with tea and a miscellaneous cargo, should not be permitted to land ! 1 *ii er j T* s nametl committee that, followed by the citizens generally, sent the whole cargo with the tea, the cap-1 tain and the consignee, from the Arch street wharf to its '"Old Rotterdam place in Leadenhall street. London." They would not have ''The detestable tea fun neled down their throats with Parlia ments duty mixed with it." Leading citizens and officials of the province stated at that meeting, adding that "Vo power on earth had the right to tax them without their consent." Tolled When Boaton Was Closed Again the hard-worked bell was "muf fled and tolled." on June 1, 1774, to announce the closing of the port of Bos ton. A meeting assembled in the square bv the ringing of the bell adopted resolu tions protesting against this act on the part of Parliament. On June IS, it call , ed a meeting to relieve the Boston suffer ers. at which Philadelphians contributed I 2000 pounds sterling, the Friends of i Philadelphia Meeting subscribed 2540 pounds m gold, and other counties small er amounts. Supplies were also forward ed from this city. After having done duty at almost everv important event which led up to the Rev olutionary War, the liberty Bell called einht thousand of the citizens of Phila delphia to the square, on April 25, 1775, after the Battle of Lexington. There the men pledged themselves to the cause of liberty. From then on the bell rang almost daily to assemble the Continental Congress to its sessions, first in Carpenters' Hall and later in Independence Hall. Finally, on July 8, 1776, the bell peal ed forth on the great occasion whereon it justified the action of Norris and his associates in having inscribed upon it the injunction "Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof" and lived up to the expectations of the old Assembly. Truly the Liberty Bell earned the title bestowed upon it on that occasion, al though only about 300 attended the his toric and momentous meeting at which the Declaration of Independence was given to the world. There John Nixon read the proclamation, as first introduc ed by Kichard Henry Lee on June 7, 1776. in the resolution which has since become famous. Achieved Lasting Fame This was the greatest occasion upon which the Liberty Bell was sounded, even as the reading of the proclamation of the Declaration of Independence was the most important event in the history of this country, and of Liberty. Here the old Bell, now the most famous relic in the country, achieved everlasting fame as the agency by which the people were drawn together, and bv which the news that the proclamation had been adopted was sent broadcast over the city. But the work of the Libertv Bell was I l ', 11 f" from, ended. One year Istsr, on •July 4, 1777, it was rung to commemorate [the first anniversary of the passage ol j the Declaration, while the armies fight ; ing for the very life of the independent j Nation were battling against the forces ; of the King. On the ISth of September of that year, | however, the Liberty Bell wag hurried jlv removed from the steeple of tha | State House, and, with tne chimes of . Christ Church and St. Peter's, was car i ried by the Colonial soldiers to Allen jtown. to prevent their capture by the i British. On its first trip, escorted by 20t» North Carolina and Virginia sol diers. the Bell traveled from Philadel phia to Germantown, to Bethlehem, to Allentown. While at Allentown it was j kept in Zion's Church. The Liberty Bell was away from this I city from September 18, 17(7, to -Tune 27. 1775. During the period of ab • fence the headquarters of the British armv was at the State House, and ths | .Artillery Park was in the State House j yard. 'Announces Surrender of Cornwallls | Once more back in its place in Inde ' pendence Hall, the Liberty Bell an j nounced to the city the surrender of i Txird Cornwallis at Yorktown on Octo ! her 24. 1781. On November 27 of the (same year it welcomed the Comraan ! dor-in-Chief of the armies of the Free State.s, General George Washington, to | the city. On April 16, 1783, it pro ! claimed the Treaty of Peace between the United States and Great Britain, On many occasions during the next fifteen years the Bell's tolling proclaimed ! some important event in the history of the new country. Then, at the deatn of Washington, it was again muffled as be | fore the Revolution, and rung thiring the i funeral solemnities on December 2ti, I 1799. I Lafayette's visit to this city on Sep tember 29. 1824. was the signal for the i Bell to send forth greetings to the man i who had so ably aided those fighting for ' their freedom. On July 4, 1826, it ushered in the fiftieth anniversary of the passage of the Declaration of Independ ; ence. "the year of jubilee" writted in ! the passage which gave its motto to the | Bell. The death of .Tohn Adams and Thomas Jefferson was commemorated by the ring ing of the Bell on July 24, 1826. On • July 21, 1834, it commemorated the death of Lafayette. Tolls for Last Time The Liberty Bell tolled for the last time on July 8. 1835. John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, died on July 6. Hit remains were on the day of the anniver sary of the first proclamation of the dec laration to the people borne to Virginia for burial, and during the funeral solem nities the Liberty Bell, while tolling slowly, suddenly cracked »through its isidc. Despite the pretty legend which was built around the story of the blue-eyed boy waiting outside the door of Indepen dence Hall, ready to signal to the man in the bell-tower as soon as the Declaration of Independence was adopted, history shows that this famous old Bell did not crack when sending forth the news of the declaration for liberty, bnt served for many important occasions until 1838. Whether the Liberty Bell is suffering from a disease of the metal, due to in equality in mixing, and this ailment Was responsible for tne parting of the Bell in the side, as some metallurgist# contend, or whether the strain of service on so many occasions caused the break, there exists a difference of opinion. Ia 1840 a scheme was concocted to drill ont the crai'lc, and this v.-as done. The large, rugged fissure wu made with the hope of restoring its sound, hut this effort failed. The Bell was thereupon abandoned and put aside in an attic room, its work dona, its part in important scenes ended. It was not even shown as a relic for many years. Then, in 1876, it was placed In ita old frame in the hallway. There It remain ed until 1877, when it was hung from the ceiling of the hallway by a chain of thirteen links. The fotloiwing year it was placed in a case and in 1896 was taken back to the hallway, where it still remains. For the eighth time since it was first hung in Independence Hail, the Liberty Bell will be taken from its home on July 5. when it will Btart on the cross continental trip to San Francisco, there to form the principal exhibit in the Pana ma-Pacific Exposition. Noted metallur gical engineers have declared that the Bell is liable to return in pieces, but 1 Councils and the Mayor had answered that patriotic duty to the citizens of the West, who demand that the relic go, and it is going. Precautions unique in the his tory of the Bell trip will be taken and the Bell will be more carefully cared for than on anv of its former trips to axpo i (itioas in the East and South, li Copyright, 1818 tgf ' JSjoarniatM 1 CAT..L 199t—AN\ PHONE POUNIJED JB7l A Massive Skeleton j i Of Steel ®§ Imposing in its towering height and significant of perma- .o nent strength and continual service. « Its six stories illustrate the imperative need of, and the im- £* " portant increase of floor space, and if it were possible, we'd de light in picturing the numerous other features that have been •. planned for a Greater Bowman Store. Construction is going rapidly forward. -i 3 , , ** A Store will remain closed all of Monday * July sth, while we observe the anniversary of "Independencel ?? J * % m ♦ & —.. . v —. <r qr , r» T HRRSHBY'S BIGGEST FOURTH nil,!, UK GAT AND BRILLIANT Every preparation is being: made to entertain the largest crowd that ever] assembled in Hershey Park on Inde pendence Day. Since Hershey showed Its ability to entertain and feed forty thousand people on one day last month, without a single complaint or any dis order, there is absolute assurance that all who visit the model town and Its enlarged Park will have attention, comfort and satisfaction. Next Monday there will be excur sions by trolley and by railroad to Hershey and plenty of extra cars. The town and the Park have abundant shelter and there arc tlve cafes and restaurants with moderate prices. There will l>" dancing morning, af ternoon and night, with special or chestras. The Hershey band of forty pieces will give fre« concerts. The concrete pool accommodating 2,000, the new shoot-the-chutes and the boating on Spring Creek and lakes will be open all day. The conservatories will be ac cessible to the public admission free. There are tine grounds and courts for all games. The all-steel aparatus for the children will be free. At the Hershey Park Theater will be high-grade performances by the Irene Myers Stock Company, with Charles Chaplin pictures between the acts—the best show in the State with the admission price only five cents. There will be a league game of base ball between the Hershey and Lebanon clubs on the Improved diamond, and It is expected that five thousand will see the contest, TlionHanilH of Llachta The illumination of Hershey Park next Monday will be on a scale never before attempted. From all the high points of the town will he great streams of illumination. From the I<?S -foot tower of the Hershey Press Build ing will be a searchlight that will send its beams fifte"n miles or more. Peo ple in the mountains on both sides of the valley will probably be wondering what It is. ■ From the four towers of the new Hershey Convention Hall there will he great floods of light from 150 electric lights. Above the Band Shell will be the new American flag, made of 210 lights In three colors, with a waving effect operated by motor. Adv. CAI.X, MORGANS INTERLOPERS By Asjocialtd Press London, July 3.—The British Gov ernment's arrangements with tha banking Arm of J. P. Morgan & Co., for financing purchases In the United States was again debated In the House of Lords Friday. Lord Grlnthorpe. who is a banker, urged that Canada should have the preference In the order for shells and added that "one reason why more orders are not going to Canada Is that the big shadow of an Interloper stands between her and our selves." SHAFT TO INDIAN nGUTTERS By Amciatti Prist Llgonier, Pa., July 8. A granite shaft bearing a bronze tablet erected by the Sons of the American Revolu tion in Western Pennsylvania In mem ory of the pioneers who dispersed the French and Indians while on their way to the relief of Fort Pitt, now Pittsburgh, and to those who partici pated in the battle of Bushy Run when the Indians under Chief Guyasuta were defeated, was dedicated here to day. RUSSIA ISStTES $.100,000,000 Petrograd, July 3, via London, 11:35 n. m.—The official Journal to-day pub lishes an imperial edict authorizing the Russian minister of finance to make two issues of treasury obllga | tioni of 1250,000,000 each. The Issue ta to be In tha ■fea.pa of five par cant, lake* torn mlm, tree of Incomt tax. IjA REVANCHE—THE REVENGE The French General Joffre does not talk much about anything and not at alt about himself, but the formula for him. nevertheless, is easy to find. It Is a number; it is a date; it is 1870. "When the war IS7O broke out Joffre, a young fellow 18 years old, was a stu dent in the Ecole Polytechnique. He i i High Honors I | Awarded to g P Products || H Panama-Pacific ® ip| Exposition The Libby Exhibit at the Panama-Pacific /Pj<i Exposition embraced almost every conceiv able variety of prepared foods. It was in direct competition with the foremost food purveyors of the entire world, and won the following verdicts on 101 varieties. ffo. Grand Prize—Libby's Canned Meats \rfi\ Grand Prize—Libby's California Asparagus K (In «">») ' ftifl Medal of Honor—Libby's Vegetables (A"wJ (la can.) » Gold Medal—Libby's Evaporated Milk ' ({%< Gold Medal—Libby's Salmon (In csns) flyS 6 VarUti.m (v Gold Medal —Libby's Mince Meat WX 2 Varimtlf Gold Medal—Libby's Pickles VV x\ * JA Gold Medal—Libby's California Fruits 1 (' n Can*) " VmrimtUi Highest Award—lmported Spanish Olive* $2? Ujr.f These awards have been foreshadowed by the verdict of the entire American public which, for more than a generation, has accepted the name "Libby's" as a national standard of highest food quality. i--v Libby, McNeill served through the war as lieutenant of artillery and suffered all .the decep tions and sorrows of the invasion. Since then Joffre has never lost sight of the danger that lay across ths Rhine. He said once: "I have see® 18 70. I have given my life utterly t# see that it did not happen again. t have lived for The Revenge."—Th# "World's Work for July. 3
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers