I LIBERTY BELL, HERE ON MONDAY,
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THE FAMOUS LIBERTY BELL AS IT APPEARS IN INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, PA,
REVERED SYMBOL'S
ROMANTIC HISTORY
* Old Bell Used on Numerous Historic Occa
sions. in Addition to Its Announcing
of Declaration Signing
MORE intimately connected with I
the greatest events in the his
tory of this country, those of the
Revolutionary period, than any
other relic which remains to the Nation, j
the Liberty Bell today occupies a
unique and impregnable position in the
minds of the people of the United
States.
Accepted as the silent symbol of lib
erty by millions of Americans, cherished
as the most sacred relic in the country,
and guarded with the greatest care so
that it may remain for the coming gen
erations, this old Bell, first hung in In
dependence Hall 163 years ago, is grow
ing each year more dear to the citizens
of America.
Silent since July 1535, when it crack
ed while being tolled for the funeral ob
sequies of John Marshall. Chief Justice
of the United States, the .Liberty Bell
nevertheless rejects more vividlv than
anything else the days of the struggle of
the thirteen Colonies against Great Bri
tain. and of the stirring aay in July,
1776, when it sent great waves of sound
booming across the length and breadth
of Philadelphia, and incidentally the en
tire country, as it announced the adop
tion of the Declaration of Independ
ence.
On many occasions, before and after
that date, its tones sounded over the
city, each time marking some important
event in the life or history of new
States. Washington. Jefferson, Franklin,
Lafayette and other famous figures in
the country's historv were laid to rest
while the great Bell tolled a final prayer.
Most Famous Bell In World
No other bell in the entire world is
•o closely associated with events of such
momentous import to the human race.
From the trials of the Revolution the
Colonies came forth as a united and a
free country with a Constitution which
amplified and emphasized the inscription
upon the Bell which had sounded as the
Proclamation of Independence wa.s
adopted—"Proclaim Liberty throughout
all the Land unto all the Inhabitants
thereof. Lev. XXV, V, X."
Thousands of persons, visitors not only
from all States of the Union, hut from
all countries in the world, annually go
to Independence Hall that they may
see the famous emblem of Liberty, occu
pying the most prominent point in the
building, which has been characterized
"The Cradle of Liberty;." Reverence,
respect, awe, and patriotism are kindled J
in hundreds of persons as they stand in <
front of the Bell, and think of the events >
in which it played a prominent part.
The Liberty Bell was ordered that
the need of the Assembly of the Prov
ince of Pennsylvania for a great bell to
sound on public occasions might be fill
ed. In 1751 the fiftieth anniversary of
the granting of the second charter to
the city of Philadelphia by William
U Penn was celebrated, and on that occa
sion the Assembly decided that a new
and larger bell was needed. A commit
tee was appointed to secure such a bell I
which was to be properly inscribed and !
dedicated to Pennsylvania's half-century '
of prosperity under Penn's second char
ter.
Inscription a Prophesy
To Isaac Norris, Thomas Leach and
Edward Warner was assigned the task
of procuring a bell suitable for the
purposes of the Assembly. Xorris, a
student of th<» Bible, selected the in
scription which in after vears was
symbolic of the greatest occasion in the
country's history, when the Bell indeed
proclaimed "Liberty throughout all the
Land." In Norris' day it was placed on
the Bell as a testimonial of the Province
dedicated to what at that time had prov- !
Ed to be the most successful foundation
of Universal Liberty in the world.
The Liberty Bell was first cast, in
accordance with the order of the Superin
tendents of the State House, in London in
1752. Lester and Ciat, of Whitechapel.
were the makers. The Bell reached
Philadelphia in August, 1752, and was
•rected on trusses in the State HOUM
rnd. so that it might b« tested. I
SATURDAY EVENING. HAKMSBXTRO <SS& TELHX3RAPB JULY 3, 1915.
That first testing inaugurated the '
series of accidents which have followed j
it to the present day. Early in Septem- j
ber, while still on the trusses, a stroke
)f the clapper caused it to crack. .
To John Pass and Charles Stow, Jr., |
of Philadelphia, was given the contract '
>f recasting the Bell, and the relic which
stands today in Independence Hall is
their handiwork. Recommended as "in-'
gt-iiious workmen" they were authorized
to take any steps necessary to produce!
a bell which would fill the needs of the
Assembly. To mate the metal less
brittle, they added an ounce and a half
of copper to one pound of the old bell
metal. After the recasting however,
other defects developed, the Bell had
lost its tone, and the recasting" had to
be done over.
The third and present Liberty Bell
was the result. Like the original, it was
lettered in a line encircling its crown
with this sentence:
"Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all
the LAND unto all the Inhabitants
thereof" -Lev. XXV, V, X.
Immediately under this sentence, also
in a line encircling its crown:
"By Order of the Assembly of the 1
Province of Pennsylvania for the State
House in Philadelphia.
Pass and Stow.
Philada.
MDCCLIII."
Placed In Steeple In 1753
The Bell was then tested and raised
into the steeple of Independence Hall
during the week of June 1. 1753, where
t remained until 1781, when the steeple
was taken down. After that it was
suspended in the State House tower, un
til 1846, and then removed to' another
part of the Hall.
At the time Pa«s and Stow were en
gaged in recasting the Bell, the Assembly j
of the Province, believing that the task
of the Philadelphia bell makers was
hopeless, ordered another Bell, an exact
replica of the original Liberty Bell. This
was received, but after a comparison the
locally made bell was hoisted to place.
What happened to the English made
bell, which was retained and paid for
by the Province, is unknown.
The Liberty Bell is twelve feet in cir
; cumference around the lip and seven
feet six inches around the crown; it is
I three feet following the line of the bell
; from the lip to the crown, and two feet
■ three inches over the crown. It is
three inches thick at the thickest part
near the lip, and one and a quarter inches
in the thinnest part toward the crown.
The length of the clapper is three feet
two inches, and the whole contrivance
weighs 2080 pounds.
The model was one cast by order of
Henrv 111 in the early part of the thir
teenth century in memory of Edward the
Confessor, which was hung in the clock
tower of Westminster and was named
St. Edward, but generally known as the
] "great Tom of Westminster."
Calls Assembly Together
On August 23, 1753, the bell called
the Assembly together in the State House
for the first time, and thereby inaugu
rated its more than eighty years of serv
ice. Public occasions, the announcements
of proclamations of war and treaties of
peace, welcomes to notables, proclama
tions of accessions of the English royal
family and a host of other events were
marked by the tolling of the great bell.
Its chief use in the early part of its
history, however, was to call the mem
bers of the Assembly together and to an
j nounce the opening of the courts.
When, on May 17, 1755, the Assembly
I declared "they would not make laws by
! direction," the Liberty Bell rang out,
announcing to the residents of the city
that the Assembly had taken important
j action. It sounded again when the pro
vince sent "Mr. Franklin" "Home to
England" to solicit redress for their
grievances on February 3, 1757.
Franklin, on October 26, 1764, was bid
den "Bon vovage" by the bell when he
was sent to ''Great Britain" to transact
I the affair* ot the province.
On September {>, 1765, when the As- J
semhly considered a resolution for a j
congress of the colonies, one of the most;
important stages in the preliminary j
events leading up to the Revolution, the i
hell sounded again. It called together
the meeting when the ship Royal Char-1
lotte, hearing stamps for Pennsylvania,;
New Jersey and Delaware, reached Phila- j
delnhia. on October 8, 1765.
For this occasion the hell was "muffled >
and tolled." At the meeting the demand !
was made and enforced that the stamps j
should not be landed hut transferred to
his Majesty's royal man-of-war, the Sar-;
dine, to be returned to England.
Mourned Over Stamp Act
With its tones muffle 3 a second time,
the bell WRS tolled all day long on Octo
ber 31, 18615, when the Stamp Act was ■
put in operation. Some of the people'
of the city stayed in their houses i
mourning the death of liberty, while oth
ers in the street met together and burn
ed the stamp papers at the coffee house.
The people of the city were assembled
by the ringing of the State House bell
on April 25, 1768, to protest against the ;
acts of Parliament that closed the plan-1
in* and splitting mills and stopped the :
manufacture of iron and steel in Penn-1
eylvania, the affixing of the King's ar- j
row on pine trees and the cutting off of
the trade of the colonies in all parts
of the world.
It called together the famous meeting
in_ the State House yard on .Tulv 30, |
l'®>. at which it was stated that the
'Parliament of Great Britain had reduced
the people here to the level of slaves." i
Continuing to proclaim and herald al- I
most evrrv important step taken by the
( olonie« toward the goal of freedom, the i
Hrll called together, on December 27, i
1773, the largest meeting that had ever I
assembled in the State House yard.
There the citizens decided that tfie ship
Polly, then coming up the Delaware tf>
the city, with tea and a miscellaneous
cargo, should not be permitted to land !
1 *ii er j T* s nametl committee that,
followed by the citizens generally, sent
the whole cargo with the tea, the cap-1
tain and the consignee, from the Arch
street wharf to its '"Old Rotterdam place
in Leadenhall street. London." They
would not have ''The detestable tea fun
neled down their throats with Parlia
ments duty mixed with it." Leading
citizens and officials of the province
stated at that meeting, adding that "Vo
power on earth had the right to tax
them without their consent."
Tolled When Boaton Was Closed
Again the hard-worked bell was "muf
fled and tolled." on June 1, 1774, to
announce the closing of the port of Bos
ton. A meeting assembled in the square
bv the ringing of the bell adopted resolu
tions protesting against this act on the
part of Parliament. On June IS, it call ,
ed a meeting to relieve the Boston suffer
ers. at which Philadelphians contributed I
2000 pounds sterling, the Friends of i
Philadelphia Meeting subscribed 2540
pounds m gold, and other counties small
er amounts. Supplies were also forward
ed from this city.
After having done duty at almost everv
important event which led up to the Rev
olutionary War, the liberty Bell called
einht thousand of the citizens of Phila
delphia to the square, on April 25, 1775,
after the Battle of Lexington. There
the men pledged themselves to the cause
of liberty.
From then on the bell rang almost daily
to assemble the Continental Congress to
its sessions, first in Carpenters' Hall and
later in Independence Hall.
Finally, on July 8, 1776, the bell peal
ed forth on the great occasion whereon
it justified the action of Norris and his
associates in having inscribed upon it the
injunction "Proclaim liberty throughout
all the land unto all the inhabitants
thereof" and lived up to the expectations
of the old Assembly.
Truly the Liberty Bell earned the title
bestowed upon it on that occasion, al
though only about 300 attended the his
toric and momentous meeting at which
the Declaration of Independence was
given to the world. There John Nixon
read the proclamation, as first introduc
ed by Kichard Henry Lee on June 7,
1776. in the resolution which has since
become famous.
Achieved Lasting Fame
This was the greatest occasion upon
which the Liberty Bell was sounded,
even as the reading of the proclamation
of the Declaration of Independence was
the most important event in the history
of this country, and of Liberty. Here
the old Bell, now the most famous relic
in the country, achieved everlasting
fame as the agency by which the people
were drawn together, and bv which the
news that the proclamation had been
adopted was sent broadcast over the city.
But the work of the Libertv Bell was
I l ', 11 f" from, ended. One year Istsr, on
•July 4, 1777, it was rung to commemorate
[the first anniversary of the passage ol
j the Declaration, while the armies fight
; ing for the very life of the independent
j Nation were battling against the forces
; of the King.
On the ISth of September of that year,
| however, the Liberty Bell wag hurried
jlv removed from the steeple of tha
| State House, and, with tne chimes of
. Christ Church and St. Peter's, was car
i ried by the Colonial soldiers to Allen
jtown. to prevent their capture by the
i British. On its first trip, escorted by
20t» North Carolina and Virginia sol
diers. the Bell traveled from Philadel
phia to Germantown, to Bethlehem, to
Allentown. While at Allentown it was
j kept in Zion's Church.
The Liberty Bell was away from this
I city from September 18, 17(7, to -Tune
27. 1775. During the period of ab
• fence the headquarters of the British
armv was at the State House, and ths
| .Artillery Park was in the State House
j yard.
'Announces Surrender of Cornwallls
| Once more back in its place in Inde
' pendence Hall, the Liberty Bell an
j nounced to the city the surrender of
i Txird Cornwallis at Yorktown on Octo
! her 24. 1781. On November 27 of the
(same year it welcomed the Comraan
! dor-in-Chief of the armies of the Free
State.s, General George Washington, to
| the city. On April 16, 1783, it pro
! claimed the Treaty of Peace between
the United States and Great Britain,
On many occasions during the next
fifteen years the Bell's tolling proclaimed
! some important event in the history of
the new country. Then, at the deatn of
Washington, it was again muffled as be
| fore the Revolution, and rung thiring the
i funeral solemnities on December 2ti,
I 1799.
I Lafayette's visit to this city on Sep
tember 29. 1824. was the signal for the
i Bell to send forth greetings to the man
i who had so ably aided those fighting for
' their freedom. On July 4, 1826, it
ushered in the fiftieth anniversary of the
passage of the Declaration of Independ
; ence. "the year of jubilee" writted in
! the passage which gave its motto to the
| Bell.
The death of .Tohn Adams and Thomas
Jefferson was commemorated by the ring
ing of the Bell on July 24, 1826. On
• July 21, 1834, it commemorated the
death of Lafayette.
Tolls for Last Time
The Liberty Bell tolled for the last
time on July 8. 1835. John Marshall,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
the United States, died on July 6. Hit
remains were on the day of the anniver
sary of the first proclamation of the dec
laration to the people borne to Virginia
for burial, and during the funeral solem
nities the Liberty Bell, while tolling
slowly, suddenly cracked »through its
isidc.
Despite the pretty legend which was
built around the story of the blue-eyed
boy waiting outside the door of Indepen
dence Hall, ready to signal to the man in
the bell-tower as soon as the Declaration
of Independence was adopted, history
shows that this famous old Bell did not
crack when sending forth the news of
the declaration for liberty, bnt served
for many important occasions until 1838.
Whether the Liberty Bell is suffering
from a disease of the metal, due to in
equality in mixing, and this ailment Was
responsible for tne parting of the Bell
in the side, as some metallurgist# contend,
or whether the strain of service on so
many occasions caused the break, there
exists a difference of opinion. Ia 1840
a scheme was concocted to drill ont the
crai'lc, and this v.-as done.
The large, rugged fissure wu made
with the hope of restoring its sound,
hut this effort failed. The Bell was
thereupon abandoned and put aside in
an attic room, its work dona, its part
in important scenes ended. It was not
even shown as a relic for many years.
Then, in 1876, it was placed In ita old
frame in the hallway. There It remain
ed until 1877, when it was hung from
the ceiling of the hallway by a chain of
thirteen links. The fotloiwing year it
was placed in a case and in 1896 was
taken back to the hallway, where it still
remains.
For the eighth time since it was first
hung in Independence Hail, the Liberty
Bell will be taken from its home on
July 5. when it will Btart on the cross
continental trip to San Francisco, there
to form the principal exhibit in the Pana
ma-Pacific Exposition. Noted metallur
gical engineers have declared that the
Bell is liable to return in pieces, but
1 Councils and the Mayor had answered
that patriotic duty to the citizens of the
West, who demand that the relic go, and
it is going. Precautions unique in the his
tory of the Bell trip will be taken and
the Bell will be more carefully cared for
than on anv of its former trips to axpo
i (itioas in the East and South,
li Copyright, 1818
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' JSjoarniatM 1
CAT..L 199t—AN\ PHONE POUNIJED JB7l
A Massive Skeleton j
i Of Steel ®§
Imposing in its towering height and significant of perma- .o
nent strength and continual service.
« Its six stories illustrate the imperative need of, and the im- £*
" portant increase of floor space, and if it were possible, we'd de
light in picturing the numerous other features that have been •.
planned for a Greater Bowman Store.
Construction is going rapidly forward. -i
3 , , **
A
Store will remain closed all of Monday *
July sth, while we observe the anniversary of
"Independencel
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♦
& —.. . v —. <r qr , r» T
HRRSHBY'S BIGGEST FOURTH
nil,!, UK GAT AND BRILLIANT
Every preparation is being: made to
entertain the largest crowd that ever]
assembled in Hershey Park on Inde
pendence Day. Since Hershey showed
Its ability to entertain and feed forty
thousand people on one day last month,
without a single complaint or any dis
order, there is absolute assurance that
all who visit the model town and Its
enlarged Park will have attention,
comfort and satisfaction.
Next Monday there will be excur
sions by trolley and by railroad to
Hershey and plenty of extra cars. The
town and the Park have abundant
shelter and there arc tlve cafes and
restaurants with moderate prices.
There will l>" dancing morning, af
ternoon and night, with special or
chestras. The Hershey band of forty
pieces will give fre« concerts. The
concrete pool accommodating 2,000, the
new shoot-the-chutes and the boating
on Spring Creek and lakes will be open
all day. The conservatories will be ac
cessible to the public admission
free. There are tine grounds and courts
for all games. The all-steel aparatus
for the children will be free.
At the Hershey Park Theater will
be high-grade performances by the
Irene Myers Stock Company, with
Charles Chaplin pictures between the
acts—the best show in the State with
the admission price only five cents.
There will be a league game of base
ball between the Hershey and Lebanon
clubs on the Improved diamond, and It
is expected that five thousand will see
the contest,
TlionHanilH of Llachta
The illumination of Hershey Park
next Monday will be on a scale never
before attempted. From all the high
points of the town will he great
streams of illumination. From the I<?S
-foot tower of the Hershey Press Build
ing will be a searchlight that will send
its beams fifte"n miles or more. Peo
ple in the mountains on both sides of
the valley will probably be wondering
what It is. ■
From the four towers of the new
Hershey Convention Hall there will he
great floods of light from 150 electric
lights.
Above the Band Shell will be the
new American flag, made of 210 lights
In three colors, with a waving effect
operated by motor. Adv.
CAI.X, MORGANS INTERLOPERS
By Asjocialtd Press
London, July 3.—The British Gov
ernment's arrangements with tha
banking Arm of J. P. Morgan & Co.,
for financing purchases In the United
States was again debated In the House
of Lords Friday. Lord Grlnthorpe.
who is a banker, urged that Canada
should have the preference In the
order for shells and added that "one
reason why more orders are not going
to Canada Is that the big shadow of an
Interloper stands between her and our
selves."
SHAFT TO INDIAN nGUTTERS
By Amciatti Prist
Llgonier, Pa., July 8. A granite
shaft bearing a bronze tablet erected
by the Sons of the American Revolu
tion in Western Pennsylvania In mem
ory of the pioneers who dispersed the
French and Indians while on their
way to the relief of Fort Pitt, now
Pittsburgh, and to those who partici
pated in the battle of Bushy Run when
the Indians under Chief Guyasuta
were defeated, was dedicated here to
day.
RUSSIA ISStTES $.100,000,000
Petrograd, July 3, via London, 11:35
n. m.—The official Journal to-day pub
lishes an imperial edict authorizing
the Russian minister of finance to
make two issues of treasury obllga
| tioni of 1250,000,000 each. The Issue
ta to be In tha ■fea.pa of five par cant,
lake* torn mlm, tree of Incomt tax.
IjA REVANCHE—THE REVENGE
The French General Joffre does not
talk much about anything and not at
alt about himself, but the formula for
him. nevertheless, is easy to find. It
Is a number; it is a date; it is 1870.
"When the war IS7O broke out Joffre,
a young fellow 18 years old, was a stu
dent in the Ecole Polytechnique. He i
i High Honors I
| Awarded to g
P Products ||
H Panama-Pacific ®
ip| Exposition
The Libby Exhibit at the Panama-Pacific
/Pj<i Exposition embraced almost every conceiv
able variety of prepared foods. It was in
direct competition with the foremost food
purveyors of the entire world, and won the
following verdicts on 101 varieties. ffo.
Grand Prize—Libby's Canned Meats
\rfi\ Grand Prize—Libby's California Asparagus K
(In «">») '
ftifl Medal of Honor—Libby's Vegetables (A"wJ
(la can.) »
Gold Medal—Libby's Evaporated Milk ' ({%<
Gold Medal—Libby's Salmon (In csns)
flyS 6 VarUti.m
(v Gold Medal —Libby's Mince Meat WX
2 Varimtlf
Gold Medal—Libby's Pickles
VV x\ * JA
Gold Medal—Libby's California Fruits
1 (' n Can*) " VmrimtUi
Highest Award—lmported Spanish Olive* $2?
Ujr.f These awards have been foreshadowed by the
verdict of the entire American public which, for
more than a generation, has accepted the name
"Libby's" as a national standard of highest
food quality. i--v
Libby, McNeill
served through the war as lieutenant
of artillery and suffered all .the decep
tions and sorrows of the invasion.
Since then Joffre has never lost sight
of the danger that lay across ths
Rhine. He said once: "I have see®
18 70. I have given my life utterly t#
see that it did not happen again. t
have lived for The Revenge."—Th#
"World's Work for July.
3