HOW TO REDUCE CHICKS BY PREVEN TING DISEASE Critical Period Is During the First Two or Three Weeks When and What to Feed Are the Most Important Con siderations By A. C. SMITH Head of Dept. of Poultry Husband ry, University of Minnesota. COPYRIGHT. 1915. The subject of Iteavy losses anions chicks has been tlu- great problem for years anions poultry raisers. It lias been deeply investigated, with the re sult that experts now know pretty well hat to do to Insure the raising of a large percentage of the young. What and when to feed the young seems to have l>een proven to l»e the most important problem to solve. Of course, there are other causes of dis ease among chicks, such as exposure to cold, bad ventilation, lack of exer cise at the proper age. but If Ihe feed ing problem Is solved the poultryman can figure he lias won a big batlle. The following article handles the subject in a broad and instructive man lier. The groat loss of chick life has been studied long and diligently, and be cause the loss was not prevented, the students came to the conclusion that there must be some mysterious reason lor these big losses, which have sound ed the death-knell of many large un dertakings of this character. Xo one in these days disputes? the i germ theory of disease, but strms or no germs, chicks that hatch strong i and normally should be and can be ! raised if properly fed and cared for. Klght or nine-tenths of the losses can be attributed to improper care or im proper feeding. To avoid the technical side of the case and still deal with facts as they are, most of the losses by disease oc cur while the chick is still young, be fore it becomes three weeks old per haps we might say two weeks or ten days old. Head lice kill many, it is true, but bowel trouble of one form or another is responsible for the death of i a great majority. Why should they j INDIAN ItINNUKS (fawn nlul white). "DEARIK" strain!!: Headed by Prize Drake, five long, racy ducks. Real living egg machines 13 big white eggs, $1.50. (tl guar anteed). Duckling mash free. Can spare a few settings from iny prize trio of White Wvandottes at $1.50 per 15 eggs. (13 guaranteed). J. A. I.OOMK 220 South IMfi St.. I.KM WON, PA. *■ Earn SI.OO an Hour Keeping Poultry Your can raise poultry profit ably in your back yard —in • ■mall space and with only a limited capital. Turn your spare time to account. In a few minutes' time, night and morning, you can care for a flock of chickens that will supply your table with fresh eggs and meat and give you a surplus to sell at the top prices. Many back-yard poultrvmen— stu dents of the International Correspond ence Schools—are making their spare time pay them a dollar an hour. They succeed because they know how. Start NOW to Leam a Profitable Busineas The I. C. S. Course in Poultry Farming will give you the special in formation that will enable you to succeed. It will train you in the methods that have built up paying businesses from small beginnings. "My hens laid 70fe more eggs in the first half of this year than they ever laid in a whole year be fore. The I. C. S. Course taught me how to do it, "says W. Scheide, Lima, Ohio. "The J. C. S. Poultry Farming Coarse taught me many things that would have taken years to find out; any one who finishes this Course can start right in and make a suc cess of poultry raising, " says C. L. Swartz, Detroit, Mich. "In fifteen years of poultry keeping I have not had such a suc cessful season as / .\ad last winter and I have only the /. C. S. to thank for my success, " says J. B. Gal lagher, 418 Broad St., Bethle hem, Pa. " I thought / knew how to keep poultry, but every lesson taught me new points. I consider the Course the best investment of my life." Poultry Book Sent Free Mark and Mail the Coupon Mark and mail the coupon and you will receive a handsome 64-page book giving full information regarding the opportunities in Poultry Culture. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE"SCHOoTs Bo* 1680 SCKANTON, PA. Kxpiaio, without lay obligation on my part, how 1 cu quality lot the ptuition btlotc which I mark X! Poultry Fannin* Mechan. Engtaaarina Poultry Breading Machaoleal br.ltln. General farming Automobile Running Soil Improvement Cae £ngtnee Fruitl and Vegetablee Station arv Engineering OalrjUg Elaetrtctlf Engineering Civil Serrlce Eleetrle Llahfg i1t.11..,. I Bookkeeping Civil En guteerlna S'enogrephy Saleemanahlp Building Contracting Advartlalng Window Trimming | Name j I'resent Employer j Street and No. Cltr ■ State __ J SATURDAY EVENING, ' HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH MARCH 27, 1915. COPYRIGHT, 1915. LAKENVELDERS By Ixniis Paul (iralmm This is one of the old breeds of Hol land, from whence it was introduced to England, Germany and America. The llrst specimens of the variety made their appearance in America only about a dozen years ago, although the breed has been known for up wards of eighty years in Holland. It is thought to be of Camptne origin and shows similarity to the latter va riety in shape, head and in the leg color, which is slaty blue. Like all the small, lighter bodied races, the I.akenvelder is a layer. It, produces a large number of eggs, each year, that are described' as being of porcelain whiteness and of fair size. Tt is not in any sense a table fowl, though, like all the lighter bodied fowls such as Leghorns, Anconas, Campincs, etc., It is excellent for the production of "squab broilers" to be sold at from to one pound weight. This is due to the quick growth of the chicks during that p< riod (about seven weeks). After that the chicks grow . have bowel trouble? There may be I various reasons, but the actual facts jare that most all troubles of (this nature are due to either i Improper care or improper feeding. 115y the latter we include improper | housing, insufficient heat and various ] other items too numerous to mention. As to Brooder Chicks j As a rule, a greater proportion of : brooder than hen-raised chicks are j lost. This is through bowel troubles, - due to the fact that the operator is I afraid of over-heating the chicks. There is litle danger of this if the brooder is properly constructed, be cause, if too warm, chicks will retreat just a sufficient distance from the brooder to be comfortable. On the other hand, if the hover is not suffi ciently warm, the chicks have no where to go for heat, and soon chill. » This chill affects the digestive organs and bowel trouble results. An experienced brooder operator! , needs no thermometer. The chicks | themselves furnish a better clue to ideal conditions than r any thermom eter. The observing operator soon lens when they are comfortable and also when they are not. He is not mis led into thinking that his brooders need more air when he finds a few chicks smothered in the morning. Better keep the hover too warm by far than the least bit too cold. Hover chicks can and will get away from too much heat, but cannot get awav from the cold. Hen-reared chicks get chilled, too, ! »ut the hen can usually keep the (•hick warm. In the early Spring she lis provided with suitable protection I and she protects the chicks from cold I lat necessary intervals. Later in the I i season, when allowed the freedom of | the earth, one temptation to her to go out is juicy worms, but in getting them ,she gets wet with the dew, which Is I bad for the little chicks, as they are not as yet aide to withstand the damp ness. Small chicks should then be [confined to the coops or houses dur . ing the night and in the morning until the sun has thoroughly dried and | warmed the ground, when they should I be allowed to roam at will on pleasant I days witli the mother hen. Attention to Feeding j It is, of course, absolutely necessary | that all the food given chicks of tender age should be the sweetest and most | wholesome, but that is not all Some investigators have found that the first feed should be withheld for twenty-! four hours after hatching; another has decreed that thirty-six hours is the! proper time, while another goes to I the extreme of directing that the first feed should be given seventy-two hours ALlfcHICK^^ V three weeks I PRATTS 1 Bf Baby Chick Food 1 It carries them safely through the I i j danger period, prevents disease, fl insures quick growth and early jm i maturity. ofjfl Sold ss Moaey Back Gasraates jl Hk by Dealers Everywhere , Walter S. Sehell, Klk View 7-oultrv i | Supply House, Ilolmcs Seed Co., Mock 1 & J law man, Conrad Bros., O. S. Kber-i sole, Penbrook, and all Mrst Class I Dealers in Ilarrisburg and Vicinity. I ! LACKENVELDERS Leo Lak Strain oEggs and Stock For Sale From Blue II lb ho ii Winners L E. Osgood ' i Plainfield, N. J. ! I j i j For Sale |j Barred Rock Cockerels. J. H. FEGAN | I CAMP HILL, I*A. .lanky and feather .jut and are not I again in good table condition until they reach maturity and at that time i their flesh is not to be compared to 'certain other breeds of poultry, j The fowls are hardy, active, exeel ; lent foragers and small eaters and are of rather a wild disposition. They do better on free range than in limited quarters, in fact it is difficult to keep j them sucessfully in small yards. In size and shape they resemble our | own well-known White Leghorn, but ■in coloration are strikingly different (from any other known variety of poul ! try. I In both sexes the body color is j white and the neck, tail and saddle hackles are jet black. This coloring I is not easily attainable and it is a con tinuous breeding problem with the j fancier to produce fowls with good i jet black feathers In their requisite I sections and at the same time keep this black strictly confined to those i certain parts. after hatching. For the average nor mal chick it Is probable that thirty-six hours is the right time for the lirst reed. If allowed to go much longer than that they seem to weaken and become discontented, as may bo fairly inferred from their actions. Weaker chicks require a longer time. If f-hicks are not given or allowed access to line sand from the very first an important point in their feeding has been overlooked. Chicks hatched in an incubator seldom get this, and this simple omission accounts for many deaths through disorders of the bow els. A gizzard is part of the digestive system of a chick,, and this part must have the Implements with which to do its work. In the small chick the implements are fine bits of sand. The gizzard is soon supplied with this sub stance in the case of the hen-hatched chick when the chicks have access to earth. What to Feed | The question of what to feed Is im portant to see that sweet and whole some food is provided, but it is equally important to see that these are put into the proper form: that is we must not consider alone the kind of food particle, but also the size and consis tency of that particle. As for Instance, no one would think of feeding chicks whole corn, no jnatter how sweet or how well seasoned; it Is too hard, also too large. Manifestly chicks of tender age cannot digest cither too large or too tough or too hard kernels. I On the other hand, if the particles are too fine the food becomes too I pasty, and collects in a mass or ball as soon as wet by the juices of 'he Crop. The food is then .more resisting to both the juices of the digestive tract [and to the mechanical action of the gizzard. Formerly tt was the gen erally accepted notion that the first food of young chicks should be soft, or semi-soft; as bread and milk, hard boiled eggs, or soft mash, but while such food is well for a few days, if fed judiciously and for a pleasant variety when chicks are given diffent foods for a principal diet, they are not nec essary, and fully as good results are obtained by feeding finely cracked, well seasoned sweet grains. The old-fashioned pin-head oatmeal made an ideal food of just the right consistency for baby chicks, and could I be fed from the first. Corn and wheat when cracked to about this size, ninke | splendid chick feed, even for the first ! f"eils. Undoubtedly it is still belter to [POULTRY—GaI 2—March 27 I feed all three than one or two only. | The present steel cut oatmeal i.< avail able in most every market, and can Ibe fed for a rev. days at the begin ning of a chick's life. Commercial I chick feeds are us a rule good. Thev have two good qualities to recommend tliem—variety and consistency—as they usually contain several kinds of seeds and grain, and these arc cracked [to the right size. Litter Feeding l Chicks do better when kept on line littfer and wheif these feeds are scat tered at least four or five times a dav in this litter. Hay chaff, if sweet and free from mbld and decay, makes an ideal litter, as does cut alfalfa or clover. These are quite expensive, however, and should not be used when a cheaper suitable .litter can be ob tained. Kven early in life chicks need green food. When not on range, which pro vides such an abundant quantity, It must be supplied. .Many kinds may be used, such as caKiages, lettuce, ap ples, etc. It is best always not to at tempt to cut this fine enough so the chicks can cat it, but to cut In slices j or cakes so they are obliged to peck ! out minute particles. In this form • green food aids digestion and also | keeps the chicks busy. Second Stage of Chick's Tvife i The second stage, or what may be We Can Hatch 40,000 HEN EGGS ! In lots of 150 each or more. Send Kggs to i Stouffer Poultry Farm, WHITK HILL, PA., Or Write to C. A. STOUFFER Bo* 224, Harrisburg, Pa. I *• _ _i j( WHITE WYANDOTTES ' Hatching eggs for sale from Fa mous Kngli.«h Laying strain. 11.50 " for setting—s4.oo for fifty. M. J. HOCKER HIUHSIMItR, PA, ! \j~j I I c 3 r_l [77~ 77 J J J»«....a..*1 Opening the Season of Summer F In a few short weeks, your porch will be your home. The entire home sur roundings will have changed into a bright, airy, cheerful, warm-weather abode. Suggestive of your porch-home, is a great, magnificent pergola built within the Furniture Department, in which are displayed late achievements in summer furni ture and all the accepted finishes. You will want to see this refreshing, flower-decked, mid-summer scene. New, are combinations of Scotch gray, French gray, and green with white, in sets and separate pieces. The famous Kaltex line (similar to illustration) is featured in elegant styles, soft colorings that will not fade. J3vwmai& Call 1991—Any Phone Founded 1871 termed the feathering age, may be! said to extend from two weeks to six weeks of age. Coarser and somewhat j cheaper foods may be fed. The finely cracked grains may be now gradually i replaced byt wheat and cracked corn of the ordinary sine. The number of hard grain feeds may be reduced gradually from five to three. At ten days or two weeks of age it is advisable to feed a dry mash. The base of this is wheat bran, but the in- j gredients and proportions fnay vary i considerably without affecting the re sults as determined by the chick's j health and growth. Equal parts of j Wheat and bran, corn meal and ground I oats which have been passed through I a fine sieve to remove the hulls make a mash that is about as good as those] of more complicated composition. I During this age, tho system demands large amounts of protein and ash. To provide these constituents add to this mash five per cent, of beef scraps that have been well and thoroughly pre pared, and are sweet, and from ten to fifteen per cent, of the bone meal. The third stage, or what might be termed the "range age." may be said to exist after the chicks are from six or eight weeks old until maturity. I Nearly all dangers of losses by dis ease having now passed, all sorts of economies, both in foods and labor, should be practiced, such as allowing free range and hopper feeding, etc. Placing tlie House Place the house or coop so that it receives the earliest morning rays of the sun. Provide shade, but let tho chicks chose it. Do not place the house in the shade. The chicks will grow faster and will be healthier if you do not. It has been tried season after season. The essential features of successful I chicken raising often overlooked are: I To keep them warm, to protect them ] from dampness, to destroy lice of all 1 kinds by rational methods, to provide ; grit and an even balance of the dif- j l'erent kinds of food necessary, viz., | grains, greens, grit and mineral mat-' ter. Seventy-five to ninety per cent. | of all normal chicks hatched should be raised to maturity unless de stroyed by some natural enemy. Natural vs. Artificial Methods The rapid development of arti ficial methods of raising chicks lias' only been possible through the im proved appliances for brooding j tested out by long experience, i The natural method of raising i the young would be all but Impos sible on the mammoth commercial poultry farms of to-day. How man is usurping the duties of the unre liable hen with his latest devices I and inventions and the advantages ' of the artificial methods will be , told in an exceptionally Interesting article next week. Look for it appearing exclusively in the Telegraph next Saturday ovenlng. ENGAGEMENT ANNOUNCED Special to The Telegraph Marietta, PH., March 27. —Mr. and Mrs. \V. F. Tull announce the engage ment of their daughter, Miss Verna Pauline, to.Warscß V fellers, &f Lan caster I DEATH OP MRS. JACOB NISSLEY Special to The Telegraph Hershey, Pa., March 27.—Mrs. Mary, 'wife of Jacob Nissley died at her home, Spring Creek avenue, yesterday after a long illness. She was the daugh ter of Jacob Landis and was born in Derry township 69 years ago. She is survived by three sisters and ! two brothers, Mrs. Elizabeth Yingst, | of Philadelphia: Mrs. Dr. H. E. Maul jfair, of Lebanon; Mrs. Adam Sehaef | fer, of Lebanon; A. L. Landis, of Un- I ion Deposit, and P. T. Land is, of Wo- I melsdorf. Besides her husband, she I is survived by four daughters and one I son, Mrs. Violet Freed, of Annville; j Miss Catherine Nissley. of Hershey; j Mrs. H. F. Imbody, of Hershey; Mrs. I. Moyer Hershey, of Shamokin, and Dr. M. L. Nissley, of Hummelstown. The funeral will take place on Tues day afternoon. The Rev. N. L. Line-] baugh of the First United Brethren Church, of which Mrs. Nissley was one of the oldest members, will offi ciate. BIRTHDAY PARTY FOR BOY By Associated Press Williamstown, Pa., Starch 27.—0n the evening of March 25, at their home in East Broad street. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Bowerman entertained a number of tots in honor of their son. Howard's seventh birthday. Many gifts were presented. 'IX) INSTALL ELKS' OFJTCERS By Associated Press Sunbury, Pa., March 27.—Ex-Mayor Charles Wolfe, of Willlamsport. lias I accepted an Invitation to install the j officers of the Sunbury lodge of Elks | on Wednesday night of next week. | _ Potts' Greaseless Cold Cream Its use means an end I to rough and chapped | skin. And besides it's greaseless, the most de sirable quality of any cream. Delicately scent ed with violet, lilac or I Mary Garden. In 25c jars at Bowman's Toilet Goods Dept. , AND POTTS' DRUG STORE ' I 3rd and Hcrr Sta. j LITTLE GIRL'S BIRTHDAY Special to The Telegraph , I Enola, Pa., March 27.—Mrs. Louis • Elisor, of South Enola, gave a birth day surprise party in honor of her daughter .Tune's fifth birthday 011 Thursday afternoon. The was I 1 beautifully decorated for the occasion and refreshments were served ti> Miss Lulu Maguire, Miss Margaret (Jurling, 1 Miss Therma Bender, Miss Evelyn J I tender, Miss Elsie Campbell, Miss ! Mildred Lutz, Miss Jeanette Lyons, ; .Miss June Ensor, itussel Meliiart. and Joseph Ensor. if We Sell ATLAS FARM POWDER AM) IIHt'OJIMHND IT TO OI R TRADK. CAM. Oil WHITE FOII PRICKS. RUTHERFORD BROS. HICI.I, PIIOVK PAXTA.VG, PA. ALSO COAL, WOOD, LIME, CEMENT With Less Work "An explosive reduces the labor of clearing land to mini -1 mum," says Minnesota Farmers' Bulletin 134. "It may be | KSF# used by any intelligent man.'' Pulling stumps requires costlymiKXl SSf/ labor and machinery. You can get out stumps of any size, roots sSf# and all, and break them into pieces easily handled, by using MBj jjf )| ' Atlas Farm Powder is made especi- You can make more money from#Jß I jSkm ally for farm use. It is easy to use "your land by using Atlas Farm #■£ i n)\ —no experience needed. Just bore Powder to blast out stumps and ■JR { a hole, light a fuse, and work that boulders, break up hardpan in /a! would take hours or days is done unproductive fields, do ditching, IJKN I vHI inst-intly! There is an Atlas ana dig holes for treef or posts. #aSS| I dealer near, to book your order. It is the cheapest farm hand. IfSS ggl\ Send Coupon for "Better Farming" Book—FREE AM|\ Our bi( new book," Better Farming," tell* how to Improve the fertß- # Itjr of the soil, how to grow bigger crops, redeem waste land, im- fiNiA ! MMI prove orchards, etc., with Atlas Farm Powder. Valuable to every ; land owner. Sent free for the coupon—mail it before you forget It. HKKSO ATLAS POWDER COMPANY DEL./JGS^ j '* IM OCeM) Blrr.l*jka«, Mm, Joplla, XauvlU*. !?#w OrUaai,X.w Tork,TOhfelpMt,St. Uolf PASTOR'S FAREWELL Special to The Telegraph Wiliiamstown, Pa., March 27. —The Rev. and Mrs. J. Willet Boyer worn tendered a farewell reception at the Evangelical parsonage Tuesday even ing. The Rev. Mr. Boyer left yesterday for his new charge at Palmerton. THIRTY IX GRADUATING CLASS Waynesboro, Pa., March 27.—Thero will be thirty members of the grad uating class of the Waynesboro high school this year. 3
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