6 WEIGHT IS (FACTOR IN CONSTRUCTION I Chalmers Consulting Engineer Says Sufficient Weight to Guaran tee Safety and Stability Prominent among these points most j generally discussed during the present I season. regarding the different phases j of automobile construction, has been j •"•eight. That weight in a motor car I Is not a mere matter of opinion, but | one that should be scientifically de-i termined according to the work to be i •lone by each part, is the opinion of, Geo. W. Dunham. Consulting Engineer of the Chalmers Motor Company. As the designer of the famous Chal- i mers 'Sixes" Mr. Dunham is recog- ; nized as one of the foremost automo- j bile engineers. While he is conser- ! vative, cars of his design have always! been leaders in important improve ments, arid noted for their good sound quality, simplicity and durability. Mr. Dunham was the first engineer j regularly to equip a car selling under $2000.00 with efficient self-starter. He was the first to design an efficient six cylinder car to sell at a medium price. ■ Me was the man who introduced the Hush side streamline body, and the I melded. full oval fender to America. J lie !s one of the few designers of] medium priced cars who look upon the j various questions involved from the j users' view-point and not from the. angle of the manufacturer alone. "There is no doubt but what some of the builders have followed the lure of light weight too far." said Mr. Dun ham in recent interview. "The eli mination of superfluous weight is un deniably a good thing, but in the i struggle to secure mere lightness, ! many designers have gone to extremes, reducing the factors of endurance and beyond all reason. "It seems foolish to suppose that any j manufacturer puts extra weight into iiis car when he can avoid it. In the first place, the cost of material is the main item of expense in producing an automobile. Kxcessive use of tine steels, bronze, brass and aluminum j simply as raw materials alone brings ! vp the manufacturing cost of a car | much more than one would realize. I'rom' the other view-point, it seems to me preposterous to suppose that any ; manufacturer w.>uld willfully increase the gasoline consumption of his car ••r raise the cost of tire maintenance ; for his users by adding unnecessary j weight, especially when any extra weight means an unnecessary increase of cost to the builder himself. "We all realize that the users' en dorsement is the strongest selling point ; which can Uf made for 'any car and the builder who does not do every- ] thing consistent with efficient manu- , facturing to satisfy his consumers is simply committing business suicide. | It has been argued that heavier con struction allows the use of cheaper r.-.aterials of lesser quality, but where t'lis lias been attempted, the producer; s ;iecdingly found himself in so embar rassing a position, that he was only to ; glad to adopt the best grade of mater- ( ials obtainable, it" he was not forced out of business altogether. It was re- j < ognized* long ago that the severe usage to which the automobile is put requires the best materials to be' found. "A little analysis will show why there is more weight in some cars than in others. In the endeavor to reduce! the weight of what are known as the ; large size light cars, every piece in i the ear has been cut to the limit, re-j I Divide Tire Cost I by mileage received—reduce the cost to a mileage basis. Such H process will enlighten—and our records prove the economy I received by riders of MILLER TIRES We cheerfully refer, by permission, to a large list of own- ft ers, who report 5,000, 6,000, 7.000 and on up to TEN THOUSAND MILES in many cases doubling and even trebling their pervious records. Sterling Aufo Tire Co. 1451 Zarker Sf. - - Harrisburg Pa. I We repair all makes of tires—in the best manner I —at the right price—Our mark on a tire or tube re-1 pair guarantees it. IIHIIIMI NIIIIIW Eight Cylinder J^lpSlii IS HERE And actual demonstrations have proven to these who have ridden in it that not a single claim has been exaggerated. "The Sweetest running car in the World." is a fact. "Bad roads lose much of their terror and hills seem almost to flatten out before you. so easily, so smoothly, so quietly and with so little apparent eftort dues the Car surmount them." "The Cadillac Eight is a car of practically throttle control, of rapid and acce leration. From a snail's pace to the speed of the wind, without apparent effort, with out hesitation, without tremor." "In operation you enjoy the widest flexibility. From less than three miles an hour in crowded city streets and congested traffic to more than sixty miles an hour on the open highway has been demonstrate to be the range.'' These are facts. And in addition we have proved that acceleration on high gear from the three miles per hour to sixty can be made with five passengers in the car in approximately 33 sec onds, or from a standing start to 60 miles per hour in thirty seconds by using the lower gear at the start. The same car with top and wind-shield up and seven passengers aver aging 150 pounds each, eats up Derry Street hill on high gear. The supreme motoring experience of your life awaits you when you take your first ride in this truly remarkable car. Lay any prejudice aside and find out for yourself. CRISPEN MOTOR CAR CO. 413-417 South Cameron street SATURDAY EVENING, NEW CADILLAC EIGHT-CYLINDER ! ——- —:— —■ - Of special interest this week In 10-1 j oal automobile circles was the ar rival of the. new eight-cylinder Cadil lac at the sales rooms of the Criapen Motor Car Company. Although the greater part of the week the new 1915 model was oblied to be on exhibition in the display room, in oriler to ac ; commodate the many who came to see j the car. nevertheless the car has been I thoroughly tested on the hills of this vicinity that are considered exception- dueing the thickness of the metal sheets, cutting down the diameter of the rods, reducing the sections of the forgings and levers, even going so far as to cut the section of the wheel spokes and felloes and reducing the bracing in the body to the narrowest limit. "The manufacturer of any article, if honest with himself, realizes that there is always certain percentage of trouble experienced with his output, and that this percentage of trouble can be reduced only to the absolute minimum but never wholly eliminated. With the Chalmers Company, when three cases of a specific trouble have been reported, even though there are only three cases cut of thousands of cars in service, thorough Investigations are started immediately and often thousands of dollars are spent to in sure that there will not be a continu ation of this trouble, and that this happening was only due to chance or what is known in manufacturing as •percentage of error.' "In deciding the tpye. design and construction by any product, it is ne cessary iirst, to decide how close you are going to hold the percentage of troubles. Shall it be the absolute mimimum. as Is the policy of the Chal mers Company or again can we afford to take a chance on a certain part giv ing trouble: a very .slight possibility perhaps, but still a chance. If this trouble does come, how can we take tare of it in the quickest possible way. and at the least possible expense? th is it something that is liable to crop up, that wc will not have to take care of at all, something that the owner himself w ill take care of without ex pense to the company? There are points that must be decided upon, just as surelv as the price of th-j car. It is obvious that the more the the margin the safety throughout the car Is reduced, the greater the percen tage of troubles is bound to be. It is also obvious that the lighter the con struction, the lower the factor of safety must be. "Two other points must also be con- ally severe trials of a car's ability. I With live passengers in the car C. C. Crispen tried ail the demonstrating stunts of the Derry street hill and the llummelstown grade. In speaking of his impression of the eight-cylinder advantage. Mr. Crispen said: "When the announcement of the eight-cylin der, car was made, I gave due allow ance for the enthusiastic expressions of the car's possibilities by the factory ! sidered In determining weight. One. j i if a trouble should occur, will it en- ; 1 danger the life of the occupants, or will it merely deteriorate the quality !of the car? For instance if a wheel breaks, some one is liable to be hurt, i whereas, if the hearings in the parts j supporting the springs are so small, jthai they will wear readily and rattle ■ i soon, this is a feature that will lesson j [the quality of the car. but not en-] (danger the occupants. "Second, how far shall the comfort: | of the passengers be considered? "The first point-safety-is by far the j I more important. The Chftlmers steer- ' j ing gear could be made considerably : ! lighter, as is found in some cars of about the same size and price, but wej consider it would be cutting too close ; to the danger point. Our wheels . could be cut down to thinner spoke sections, and lighter felloes. Here again, we would tear a percentage of broken wheels, our axles could be lighter considerably, but we would not want to take the responsibility of the danger which might result from | breakage. "If, even with our heavier construc -1 tion and the very best materials, and j • even with most careful Inspection, ! some piece containing an invisible flaw still gets into a car sooner or later. > 1 how much greater must be the chance , of trouble where the construction i«i j cut down by the very limit! "in some of the lighter cars, the ; torque tube has been eliminated, which effects a considerable saving in weight but throws the entire burden of the driving mechanism into the springs. Xoi only does this cause the car to > be more unstable on the road but a broken spring, which is bound to come 1 now and then regardless of the cost !of the car, becomes dangerous. The , : Chalmers Light Six is provided with a concentric torque tube like that | ! found in many of the most costly cars. | j Its purpose is to hold the rear axle in the proper alignment; to relieve, the | ' springs of all work but that of sup ■ porting the car. Its advantage is ap- ; J parent through the manner in which j the car holds the road at various j j speeds, and the absence of it is shown : 1 in most cases by a car dancing and hopping when going over rough roads, j j cobblestones and rutted roads. The | use of a torque lube practically eli i minates chattering or jumping of the, ; rear axle, when pulling in heavy sand. ] : mud or snow. "Here is a good example of how j misleading selling arguments often be i come. According to the average i salesmen, additional weight means a reduction in the number of miles per gallon of gasoline. By eliminating the | torque tube a saving of approximately i forty pounds weight .would be made. But its elimination w&uld mean an in ! crease in the use of fuel, because the ! holding of the rear axle in proper J alignment, the smooth, steady rolling of the car, the absence of that Jumpy action mentioned above, shows by j • actual test, a greater number of miles | per gallon, than with the lighter con- . , struction. i "In considering the second kind of j trouble resulting from too light weight -that which reduces the efficiency and Iquality of a car-there are many things I 'to be considered. Almost invariably on the excessively light cars the sheet metal used in the body, fenders, dust I shield, bonnet, etc.. is cut to the limit. : 1 The result is a finish which Is wavy and rough; with extremely light ma - J terial it is possible to keep the paint on the bodies and the enamel on the i metal work givts trouble. Another i bad result of too light materials is that i they soon loosen and rattle. Quite ! often body bracings or frame mem j bers are so lined that the panels of HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH ieiißineers and advertising writers, but - jl have 'ound that the new model is I far hotter than I ever anticipated and I hardly think It is possible to exagse rate when it comes to describing the remarkable engineering achievement when one considers the exceptional smoothness of operation, perfect con trol. range of speed and great power." The above picture shows Its body lines and one-man top. with C. C. Crlspen at the wheel. J the body SMR and wrinkle. After a : few thousand miles you will find that the too light car has loose, sagging doors, cracked paint and so on. All of these deficiencies are the results of j too light weight. "The third factor in considering I weight in comfort. Weight Is saved : on some cars by the usa of small In adeque.te fenders, for instance, which ; do not properly protect the occupants of the car from living dirt. Very fre ! quently the size of the wind shield is i cut down so that a small standard . size of glass can be used, saving both weight and expense but also giving less ; protection to those in the car. I "In the auxilliary seats many design ers. probably figuring that these seals arc seldom used, reduce their size until they are positively uncomfor table. i "And so it is throughout the car. Your extremely light weight car lacks that solidity, that feeling of firmness beneath you, which means comfort. "In building a car which is best suited to the policy of building a maxi mum car, it is not very difficult to de- I cide which course to follow. The best car for the purpose, means that it must possess some definite qualities • first, maximum safety; second, com ] fort; arid third, stability. These in 1 turn mean a car of fair weight. For 1 ihis additional weight, as it is termed by some advocates light design, means a car which is safe, which feels solid beneath one; a car which does not need constant repair, which is built to stand up for thousands upon thou sands of miles of rigorous work. "Contrary to the belief of some, the extra weight which is really insurance against frequent rattles and breakages, does not increase maintenance costs. By accurate tests under normal con ditions it has been proved tenanee costs. By accurate tests under normal conditions it has been proved that two j cars of the same approximate size and power, one weighing considerably less | than the other, consume the same ; amount of gasoline. In actual road 1 work we have found that the lighter j car will use as much and under some : conditions slightly more fuel than the I ' heavier car. This is true because 1 where stability of design las been j neglected it almost invariably follows j that motor and carburetor efflieney j have not been brought up to the high- j ; est basis. A further, and perhaps the I fundamental, reason why two cars oi' ; widely varying weight burn equal i amounts of gasoline is that the heavier j construction means better alignment I jof the moving parts throughout the) \ car and therefore less loss of power ! | due to friction. The heavier car is almost always an easier rolling ear. j It clings better to the road and there- I I fore wastes less fuel. "For the sake of argument, how- ' , ever, let us suppose that between two j cars of the same approximate horse | I power and size, the heavier does burn i jmore gasoline. Experience proves that in 10,000 miles of driving, the extra j cost of the gasoline burned in the i heavier car would amount to only $lO ;to sls. In other words in a year or I year and a half of driving you would have to spend not more than sls extra for gasoline to insure yourself a car i which is always comfortable, always I safe, and which gives the mtmimum j amount of trouble. Your greatest pos sible extra cost for gasoline would be . less than one per cent of your invest ; ment and you might consider tliis as ! your insurance against the troubles which follow naturally from too light weight. From another point of view, the heavier car saves too a wonderful . amount of wear and tear on the nerves of owner and passenger. "X would be one of the first to criti cise a car which carries superfluous I weight but I do maintain that the weight of the many parts that go into a motor car should be determined scientifically. Every part should have a sufficient factor of safety. It should | be made large enough to guarantee I his factor of safety. The art of auto mobile building is now old enough to provide plenty of experience and data I for comparison. There is now no fur ther need to guess the necessary I strength of various parts. It is always j possible to determine accurately the | experience to which each part is sub- I jeet to proportionate each part insure j stability, safety and satisfaction. | Carrying superfluous weight is an ex travagance, but taking away from I scientifically determined necessary j | weight is a positive menace." Hood of Cadillac Eight Short as Ordinary Four Now that the Cadillac Eight is on ; display at many points throughout the ' country, the general idea regarding i the appearance of the car has been i revised. When it was announced that the ; new Cadillac would be an eight-cylin | der car. many people gained the im : pression that the cylinders would be set in line, one after another, according ■ to the usual practice with a multiple j cylinder motor. This of course would ! necessitated a hood of abnormal ; length.' ! As a matter of fact, the Cadillac (cylinders are arranged in "V" form— : four on the right side and four on the i left, at /in angle of !'0 degrees to each ' other. The result is that the total ; length of the motor is no longer than that of the average four-cylinder eng -1 tne: and the hood of the new Cadillac i Right is no longer than that of last j year's Cadillac. Thus perfect propor i tions are maintained between body 1 hood. I, PAINT EXPERT PROMOTED f William Kauschenberger, paint and | varnish expert of the Studebaker ! automobile in Detroit has been as ! signed charga of similar operations in : the Corporation's South Bend works | as well. Streamline Originated From Boat Hull Design •'The term 'itr«amltat' as applied j to automobile bodies has been taken from murine designs," declares Goo. , p. McKarland, of tlio llarrlsburg Auto Co., distributors, in this territory for j tiie Hayne?, America's First Car. "A boat must have "stream lines" to offer as little resistance to the motion of the boat as possible. In order to re duce the friction between the water and the surface of the boat hull, such curves and lines must be embodied ill the boat as would be continuous from the bow to the stern. If there Is the slightest curve outward in the reverse direction from the general curvature, there is the tendency to set up little whirlpools and eddies. "This is really the true test of per fect stream lines and It can be applied to automobile bodies as well as to boats, by imagining the body in a swiftly moving current of water. If the curve at any poinr. especially be- , tween the hood and cowl and the front portion of the body have the slightest tendency to throw the imaginary cur rent away from the body, it Is not 'stream line". Any curve, which if continued would lead the eye out from the body, violates the stream line con ception. "Just because a cowl has replaced the antiquated straight dash, thero is no license to call the body "stream line'. Stream line bodies have a smooth tapering curve that starts at the front of the radiator and sweeps to the extreme rear in continuous, pleasing lines. Any abrupt curve at the cowl is distracting. "The stream line body represents the ideal body toward which the ten dency has been for the past three vears, and the Hnvnes engineers have "kept this thought in the foreground in designing the llaynes "light six.' Evervthing that can be desired In a body'is lied In the streamline design. The lines are simple and refined. The body is low and consistent with safety. The true stream line car has a dignity all of its own. The stream line car has a permanent distinguishing style that is not affected by the changing fashions of fancy. It is on this ac count that a car possessing a true streamline body represents the best automobile investment. "It is the appearance of a car that |' causes Us depreciation in the years ' following its purchase. A car that , has the stream line type of body is I one that will be recognized universally | in the coming years as being of ac cepted design. There will not be the contrast two of three years from now, as there is now with the cars built a few years ago. Consequently, the de preciation will be less marked." STOCK CABS AS ItACKKS. Automobile racing is becoming a | fad. It is not confined to professional i drivers and racing cars either. James I-ephart. Maxwell dealer in | Greenville, Ohio, stripped a 1915 Max- ! well touring car, took off the body | and built a small drivers seat on the j chassis. He then entered his car in some local races in Greenville. The j Maxwell turned a mile in one minute and fifteen seconds. It covered five \ miles in six minutes, twenty seconds. [ On several occasions. Maxwell stock | cars have been converted into racers j and have made a very creditable show- j ing. These instances are a flattering j testimony of the sturdy construction . of the car and the powerful engine of i the Maxwell. ✓ B 1 1 AGEXTS FOR Ji'fVery l itur ri-iiaMMeuxer ... •lottery rhrKifrtleld Six SHIftO .letter) lUk *l*. 7-|i:i»»rnitfr, *2lOll •Irflrry TrueUx, different Immlv ciiaNNix wiaoo to sier.o ,lelTer> lour, «heel drive elin«*i«. ICTr.O ! Vim 1000-lh. Bellvery, t« »7US V!l I'rleesi !•*. O. H. I'netory. 1808 LOGAN STREET riiDur I'«r I)enionMrntl«u. > " == 1 j ' \ TIRES Prices Cut 10% Extra Heavy Firsts These tires are double* cured and j wrapped tread and are living won- | j ilerft:i service. The Season Is Short Price* Are Right Now Is the Time ' New list. Old list, j ; 28x3 *«•»« I ! 30x3 7.08 7.88 I 32x3 7.48 R - r '° | 30x3 Vs #.20 10 ?? I I 31 x r. 1„ <>.72 10.SO I 32x3 *4 10.07 11.18 I 34x3 Vi 3j x 4 IS.IS 1 4.58 "Ov-I IS.fil 15.12 i 33 X 4 11. 1« 15.73 | 34x4 14.10 16.33 1 35x4 17.00 18.87 I 3fi X 4 I! 17.51 19.45 34x4% 10.71 21.89 '' r >\4'4 20.50 2..U0 36x4 V 4 llil 37x4 14 37x5 25.U2 26.57 Tubes and non-skids at special prices to correspond. Prices sub ject to change—net cash to both dealer and consumer. Will ship i C. O. D. subject to examination. FORI) OWNERS Arrange now to convert jour J | car into a comfortable limousine i j or coupe for winter —can be done j In 30 minutes —small cost. Get the particulars. J. A. PL Next to Keystone Motor Co. 1017 MARKET ST. 1 Phone 8359 Open Evenings. * NOVEMBER 7. 1914. Reo the Fifth I A Super-Car $1,175 with Electric Equipment, f. o. b. Lansing New Ideas Now Add Attractions to This Extra-Sturdy Car 1 p Yon will see ?n tlm latest big margins of safety. It Reo all the new ideas in gives you utter exactness, cars. Some of them are not It makes every part meet vet shown in anv other car. ™ ,r radical ]t * oes i" to - * , better materials, costly Many new features have part s, extra care and caution, been added in the past few six- weeks are spent on eacli months. car. You can see this car's su- It means to you a car that I periority in every touch and stays new that renders I det a il years of perfect service. Yet it costs you nothing Look Below extra. We save bv efficiency. 11 To-day this car, with all its But look below all of these improvements, costs $220 II visible details. Ibis cars | css than it used to cost, main supremacy lies in the chassis. 63,000 Users It lies in extra strength— II in vast over-capacity. It lies This car built by R. E. II in things that save' trouble, Olds and his able staff—has upkeep and repairs. It lies won 63,000 users. Most of I in things which arc vital to them have owned other cars, you in the car you buy to and they wanted something I keep. better-built. \\ e spend on those hidden If you have like ideas, this parts $2,000,000 per year car will fulfill them. Come more than we need spend if and see the latest model. Let we built by usual standards. us show you what makes it the long-time car. Come That extra goes into su- now, for these are great mo per-strengtli. It gives you toring days. HARRISBURG AUTO CO. Third and Hamilton Sts. Harrisburg, Pa. Haynes, Reo Trucks and Pleasure Cars I J THERE! THERE in unusual Power obtained by Buick Valve-in- Head Motors which foremost engineers agree are more power ful than an)- other type. THERE in Beauty of Line which satisfies —THERE in Economy of Upkeep which adds to the joy of ownership—THEßE in Durability beyond any ordinary requirement—TH<EßE in a Popularity which sold the entire 1914 output of 33.200 cars by March 15—THERE in Safety, Simplicity, Reliability and Comfort. These are the accomplishments, proved on every kind of road in every country, by BUICK Valve-in-Head Motor Cars. A Full Line of Fours and Sixes, Including Three Touring Cars and Two Roadsters. r-.*4-9UOO; CSS-WMI C3«-fllß3| CS7-«l23S| CrW5-slflßO. F. O. B. Flint, Mich. The Hulek story for l'Jir. promises tenuis and their proper treatment, greater accomplishments than ever, coupled with Hulek equipment, at- The preface i» found in a demand, tention and inspection methods, rapidly increasing;, for 1915 Hulek make possible the giving of the cars—ii demand which endorses the greatest values throughout the cn- Hulck aim to provide the car which tire line. will suit the individual taste and re- Notable among these new develop quirements of the knowing car nients are the Tungsten ■valves, and buyer. tlie heat treatment of every work ihe enthusiastic approval of over Jn _ part 18u,o00 Utilck owners, is your sure „ . . .... < of ,hese accomplishments. of G B l„Vk "our? and de- Improvement in foundry practice. scr iption of the car Is there, proven methods of machine oper ations, and one more year of the The 1918 Ilulck models are here world's knowledge of various ma- for your inspection. The 1915 Chevrolet in touring and roadster models are also here. Prices #750 to #2500 HOTTENSTEIN & ZECH City Auto Garage Rear of Union Trust Building On Square ; new :jis Maxwell Roadster with full equipment and seventeen ; ; !' new features \ fast, powerful and handsome, sweet-running car. Air '! the high-priced features of htgn-prlced roadsters. High tension magneto; ij !! sliding gear transmission, left liand drive; center oontrol; anti-skid || '' tires on rear. Witli Gray & ITavls electric self-starter and electric , i ]! lights, $55 extra. Call or phone. j! '! T? TIT CT T A XT!/" CENTRAL GARAGE <; IT D. W. 334 CHESTNUT ST. |FOF?D GARAGE "PRUDENTIAL"Mr, .koiif Gusnnteed tbso!u!e!y fireproof ard Portable. jy I " All glais, locks xrui hardwire Sue buttnfl lor »1 W M ttfi C. D. PRUDEN CO.I RY s. WM. Davis, Sales Agent. Demonstration Building Op|M>snr I*. ft R. M.tton FRY COAL COMPANY
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers