THE STAR OP THE NORTH. B. W. VMT(r t Proprietor.] VOLUME 9. THE STAR OF THE NORTH It PUBLISHED KVKRY WEDNESDAY ISORMNO BY R. w. WEAVER, OFFICE—Uf tlnirt, in Ike new brick build. V." Ik* sou Ik till* qj Main Street, tkird *<juart below Market. EM MS:—Two Dollars per annum, if paid wahin fix months from the time ol sub scribing ; two dollars and fifty cents if not paid within the year. No subscription re ceived tor a lesa period than fix months; no discontinuance permitted until all arrearages are paid, unless at the option of the editor. ARWMMiin not exceeding one square Will be inserted three times lor One Dollar, kCtul twenty.five cents for each additional in petition. A liberal discount will be made to thsae who advertise by the year. ■ iT 11 ii a im Cftgiti Poetrg. 1 OWE NO MAN A UULLXII BY CHSRLKS P. SHIRK. Oh, do not envy. my own dear wife, The wealth of our next door neighbor, But tell me etill to be siout of heart, And cheerfully follow my Übor. You must know the last of those little debts That have been our lingering sorrow, I* paid this night! So we'll both go forth, With happier hearts to-moirow. Oh, the debtor is butt shame-(seed dog, With the creditor's name on his collar; While I'm a king and you a queen, For I owe no man a dollar! Our neighbor you saw in (he eoech to-day, With ni# wild and hi* flaunting daughter, While we Mt down to out coved*** board, To a crust and cup of water. I *ew that the leer-drop mood in your eye, Though you tneJ your b*at to conceal it I knew that (be contrast reached your heart, And you could not help but (eel it; But knowing now that our scanty (are Had freed my neck from the collar; You'll join my laugh and help me ahout, For we owe no man a dollar ! Thfc neighbor whose abow ha* denied your eyea. In fact is a wretched debtor. I pity hirn oft from my vary heart, And wished that his lo' was better. Why, the nian t* the veriest slave alive, For hi* dashing wife and daughter Will live in atyle though ruin should come— For he goes as the lamb to the alaugttter. But he leels it tighter every day, That terrible debtor's eollar! Oh, what whould lie give could he say with us, Thai he owad no man a dollar! You seem amazed, but I'll tall you more, Within two hour* I met him Sneaking sway with frightened air, As if a fiend had beset him; Y#t he fled from a vary worthy man, Whom I met with the greatest pleasure, Whom 1 called by name and forced to slop, Though he said he was not ai leisure. (I* het.l my last note! So 1 held turn fsel. Till he Ireed my neck Irom the collar, Then I shook his hand as I proudly said, "Now I ewe no man a dollar!" Ah? now yon smile, for you feel the force oif the truths 1 have been repeating; I knew that a downright honest heart In thai gentle breast was beating'. To-morrow I'll rise, with t giant's strength, To follow my daily labor; But, ete we sleep, let us humbly pray Fur our wretched next door neighbor ; And well pray lor the time when all shall be free From the weight of the debtor's eollar—- When the poorest shall lift up his voice and ory "I ewe no man a dollar I" ill iec ell one one. Lite of an Engineer. The life of a railroad engineer is graphical ly depicted in (he following extract from the Schenectady Star ; •' But the engineer—he who guide* the train by guiding the iron horie, and almost hold* the lire* ol passenger* in hie hands— hi* ia a life of mingled pain and pleasure. In a littl* aeveu-by-nine apartment, with square hole* on each aide for windows, open behind and with machinery to look through ahead, you find him. He is the " Pathfinder;" he leads the way at all limes of danger, checlcs the iron horse, or causes it to speed ahead with the relocity of lite wind, at will. Hare you erer stood by ft* jrack, of a dark night, and watched the coming and passing of a train* Away off in the darkness you discov er a light, and you hear a noise, and the earth trembles beneath your feet. The light comos nearer ; you can compare it to nothing but the deril himself, with its terrible whistle; the sparks you imagine come from Beelze bub's nostrils—the fire anderneath, that akioea close to the gipnnd, causing you to believe the devil walks on live coala. It comes close to you; you back sway and •bodder; you look up, and almost on the devil's back rides the engineer; perhaps the "machine" shrieks, and you may imagine j the engineer is applying the spur to the dev ll'e aides. A daring fellow, that engineer— j you can't help saying so, and you wonder ( wherein lies the pleasure of being sn engi- j neer. But so he goes, day after day, night after night. Moonlight evenings he sweeps over the country, through cities and villages, through fairy scenes and forest clearings. He looks throngh the square boles at the side and enjoys the moonlight, but he cannot stop lo enjoy the beauty of the scenery. Cold, rainy, muddy, dark night, it ie the same.— Perhaps the tracks are undermined or over flowed with water; peihaps some scoundrels bava placed some obstructions in the way, or trees been overturned across the track; and, in either case, it ia almost instant death •~to him, at least but be slope not. Right on ie the word with -him, aod on he goes, re gardless of danger, weather, and everything, save lb* well-doing of his duty. Think ol him, ya who sbndder through fear in the cushioned seats of the cars, and get warm from the fire that is kindled for your benefit. QT When the Irishman first tried peach es, he said he liked their flavor, but the seeds ley hard on his stomach BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29, 1857. ELECTION OP COUNTY SUPERIN TENDENTS. I This may be the last No. of our Journal | that will meet the eyes of Director* before . they assemble to elect County Superintend ent* for the next three school years. The proper performance of that duty, so as to ef feot the original design of the libera', and far-seeing Legislature which established the office, will be of incalculable benefit to the Slate; and the contrary Will be equally inju rious. It is, therefore, our design, as one amongst the thousands of Pennsylvanians who are watching the workings of this new feature in our educational system with in. tense interest, frankly to state the conclusion* to which our observations have led. Three yeats ago, few Directors or others had any clear view of the necessity, nature, mode of opeiation, or probuble results ol this office. Die natural consequences were, in the first instance, numerous mistake* in selection and compensation. Those have been, we think erroneously, attributed, in and out of the State, to a settled purpose to defeat the office, out of general hostility to the system itself. In a few cases, this feel ing may have had it influence; but in most, the action complained-of really grew out of meie want of knowledge of the nature of the office itself, and an honest belief that auch an addition to the expense and the working machinery of the system was wholly unnecessary. Whatever may have been the cause, it is certain that the duty of selecting County Superintendents wis so performed as to produce one of the three following results: Either, / 1. An incompetent person was chosen, who failed, no matter what the salary. Or, 2. A competent person was chosen, who failed, or was crippled in his operations, by total inadequacy of salary. Or, S. A competent person was selected, with adequate salary, who fulfilled the just expec tations of the Iriends ol the law. From this it would appear that fimesa in (ha person nm.' adequacy of compensation are the elements—tho essential conditions— of success. Of course, as in all olhor com plex affairs, there are instances tliut appear to conflict with this conclusion; but on close inspection they will be found rather to con firm il. For example: oae Superintendent may have been eo well qualified for the sta tion, and so devoted to the system, that ho discharged its dnties at a most shamefully inadequate salary. Bill who will argue from this, that it is the right of the public to im pOW) • xavle m l>ulftloti oil pilvMlO lUOattw Ol ll* dividual patriotism? Or il may have been that all the conditions appeared to be secur ed—both adequacy of aulary and "skill and experience in the art of leaching"—yet fail ure ensued. But who will condemn the of fice, because, here and there, a good teacher may have made a poor Superintendent?— Many an able lawyer makes a miserable Judge; few of the most successful practising physicians are qualified for the Professor's Chair; so a capital teacher of boys may not succeed aa Teacher of Teachers and admin istrative officer of a complicated school sys tem. It would be no difficult task to run over the whole State and show the correctness of the concisions just staled. But it is neither proper not necessary. Taking it tor granted, that experience has fully justified the wisdom of the Legislature in requiring the selection of a fit person and the payment of a sufficient ealury, lor this office, two questions arise: 1. Who is a fit person for the office? 2. What is a sufficient salary ? I. 'Literary and scientific acquirements.' These are both indispensable, and the de gree of them should be considerable. In every county, schools of every rank and grade—from the lowest primary to the high school, with its full round of branches—are or must soon come into existence; and to discharge the office properly, the Superin tendent must be qualified "to examine" all the Teachers, "to visit" (hem, and a "give such instructions in the art of Teaching and the method thereof in each school" as the condition and grade of each shall require.— How can this be done, except by one who is scholar enough to teach the Teacher of the highest branch taught in the highest school in bis county t 2. "Skill and Experience in the Art of Teaching," ia another requisite—not only sk ill to know, but practice to do. It is no doubt true, that, in some instances, the office has been well filled by persons of no great actual experience in the art. This is owing to the known fact that some men have nat urally in them so much of the elements of the Teacher, and such a love for the work and the cause, as to supply,to a great degree ail other defects. But the exception only proves the rule, for the instance of failure for want of this element have been too nu merous to leave the question doubtful. But mere learning and professional ekill are not sufficient, unless, as the law and the neces sity of the case everywhere intimate, they are accompanied 'with power to make them efficient. Hence, 3. Ability to impart knowledge, and give information, publicly as well as privately, is indispensable. Since the passage of the act of 1854—in addition to the public meetings for the examination of Teachers, and the visitation of school* in the presenoe of di reclors and parents thereby prescribed—the holding of district acd county Institutes, As sociations and Meetings, for the improve ment of Teachers, and the delivery of pub lic lecture* and addresses for tho furtherance of the system and the explanation of the law, have become eo general, and are found to bsvo beneficial, that they may now be regarded as an integral part of the Superin tendent'* duller. All these occaion impose the duty of addre**i:ig the public; and the officer who doe* not do it, fail* in hi* duty. Some ability therefore to *pe*k in pub'io slum Id be embraced among the requisites of fnnes* for the office. 4. Energy of character and love for the work, urn the' last essentials that need be specified. Without these, the highest de grce of scholastic attainment, of professional skill, and of power of expression, wilt fail, for the great moving forces of the required character will be wanting. With these pres ent in large degree, even a medium of quali fications iu other ibspecte muy succeed. Amongst the qualifications necessary to this most important office, it is, of course, not deemed requisite to speak of temper ance, honesty or indus'ry, nor of common sense, suavity of manners, or knowledge of human nature. These are requisites to the sale and efficient discharge of every public trust; the one in question being no exception to the general rule, but rather demanding them in greater degree than most others.— In a word, and aside from sporial requisites, the nearer the character of a County Super londenl approaches to that of the Christian gentleman, the giealer will be his acceptance and success. The answer lo lite question, What it an adeqnalo sulury? will depend mainly on the locality ; and the experience of the past three years will, in many eases, modify part action on this point. Many of the Conventions fixed lite salary in 1854, under a total or very material misapprehension of the nature of the office, the amount of service required and the degree of good lo be effected. Now, in many parts of the State, all these points are clearly comprehended, and the action of the directors will no doubt bo different. No one who knows the people of Pennsylvania will, for a moment, suppose that injustice will bo done in regulating the compensation ol those who are found to be amougat the most useful, most laborious and most impor tant of our public agents. The salary must, as just remarked, depend on tho circum stances of each rase; still, certain general principles aro indicated by the nature of the office and the wants of the achools, which it may be useful to elioit. The first point to be determined is, wheth er the whole, or only a portion, ol the of ficer's time will he required for tho lull dis charge ol lite office. This will wholly de pend on the number of schools in tho coun ty. If Itiey are muteriaily over 100 and should Do luiaßßpea, men me UCBI pouey and tho course most productive of good, will be to pay for his whole lime and ser vices. In such cases mora than half ol the year may be most beneficially devoted lo school visitation, which, to be effectual, should ho full and frequent. The rest of the ( year can be profitably devoted lo the improve | menl of the Teachers in one or more fnsti i tutes of greater of loss duration, lo tho offi cer's own improvement and lo the prepara tion of his reports, &c. In smaller counties a less portion of the officer's time will be needed, and the salary may be in proportion; but in all cases enough ; should be given to secure his whole lime and efforts lo the service of the schools while in operation, and lo the improvement of the teachers during a portion of the recess. The only other general principle to be kept in view in arranging the salary, is that ol making it large enough to command the very best professional talent within 'he reach of the Convention. For reasons already giv en, no oiher should be thought of. The man, then, whom Law, Experience and lite Wants of the System demand for County Superintendent, is: A practical Teach er, who it also an accomplished scholar, and a ready public speaker; with sufficient love for il to undertake, and energy to perjorm, the great work before him; and the salary should be suf ficient to compensate him, as far as money can, for the efficient discharge of so great a labor. Wherever such a man is found, he should be selected. Wherever he has already been found, he should be retained. At the ptesent lime it may be proper to re call to the attention of Conventions to elect County Superintendents, that Section 40 of the school law of Bth May, 1854, confers upon the State Superintendent of Common Schools, very considerable powers in refer ence to the commissioning of the persons elected. The words alluded to are these: "If objection be mide within thirty days to the issuing of such commission, the Su perintedent of Common Schools may re quire such evidence, unddr oath or affirma tion, in regard to the election or qualification o f the person elected County Superintendent, as he shall deem necessary, and shall then issue his commission to the porson properly qualified who shall have received the high est number of votes." Under this provision it is competent for any citizen, and it would seem to be his du ly, to make objection to the commissioning of an unqualified person, and to set in ope ration, for the good of the system in this re spect, the powers vested in the State Super intendent. In view of this fact, the true course lor Directors in their Convention will be, to vote for none unless such as by learn ing and professional tkill are fully qualified to discharge all the duties of the office.— Pennsylvania School Journalfor April. IT IS SAID OF PAHIS that one of every throe thousand porsous commit suicide ; that two thirds of the population cannot afford tho exponso of burial; that in every throe births ono is illegitimate; that 80,000 persons be sides those assisted by tegular charities, arise every morning without knowing how they will get a dinner, and that 17,000 ha bitual drunkards, of the most brutal char acter, disgrace tho city. Truth and Right Rod aad aar Country. A SWMHMI TALE. TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN OF HEBEL. In Frlug, r mining town in Sweden, t hun dred yeers or more ago, a young miner kiss ed his lair bride and said to her: " On Si. Luoia'e day our love will be blessed by ihe priest's hand. Then we shall be hus band and wile, and we will build us a neat little nest of our own." "And peace and love shall dwell in it," said the boaulilul bride, with a sweet Rmile, '.'for thou art my all In all, and without llieo I would choose to be ill my grave." But when the priest, in proclaiming their bans in Ihe ohuroli for the second time before St. I.ucis's day, pronounced tlio words, "11, | now, any ene can show reason why these | persons should not be united in the bonds of I matrimony," Death was at hand. The young ; man, as he passed her house next morning i in his black mining garb, already wore his shroud. He rapped upon her window and said good morning,—but he never returned ;lo bid her good evening. He never came back from the mine, and all in vain she em broidered for him a black ornvat with a red border, for the wedding day. This she laid carefully away, and never ceased to mourn or weep for him. Meanwhile, time passed on; the Seven Years' War was lought; the partition of Po land took place; America became line; ihe French revolution and the long war began; Napoleon subdued Prussia, and the English bombarded Copenhagen. Tlio husbandman . sowed and reaped, the miller ground and (he I smith hammered, and the miners dug alter the voins of metal in their subterranean work | shops. As the miners cf Falun, in the year eighteen hundred and nine, a little before or after St. John's day, were excavating an open ing between two shalls, full three hundred oils below the ground, they dug from the rub bish and vitriol water, the body of a young man, entirely saturated with iron vitriol, but otherwise nmlecayed and unaltered—so that one could distinguish his features end age as woll as if he had died only an hour before, or had fallen asloep for a little while at his ( work. But when they had brought hint out lo the light of day, luther and mother, friends and acquaintances, had long been dead ; no one could identify the sleeping youth, or tell any thing of hia misfortune, till she came who was once Ihe betrothed of that miner who had one day gone lo the mine and never re turned. Gray and shriveled, stio came to the claca hnhnt'mu unon a crutch,and renoon!-®-' her bridegroom, when more in joytul ecstncy than pain, she sank down upon the beloved form. An soon as she had recovered her composure, siie exclaimed, "'lt is my betroth ed, whom I have mourned for fifly years, and whom God now permits me lo see once more before 1 die. A week before the wed ding time he went under the earth and never returned." Alt the bystanders were moved to tears, as they beheld the former bride, a wasted and feeble old woman, and the bridegroom still in the beauty of youth ; and how, after the lapse of fifty years, her youthful love awoke again. But he never opened his mouth to smile, nor bis eyes to recognize ; and she, finally, as the only one belonging to him, and having a right to him, bad him carried to he; own little room,till a grave could be prepared in the church yard. Tbe next day, when all was ready, and the miners came to take him away, she opened a little drawer, and taking out the black silk crsval, lied it around his neck, tnd then accompanied him in her San day garb, as if it were their wedding day and not the day of his burial. As tbev laid him in the grave in the churchyard, she said— " Sleep well now, for a few days, in tby cold bridal bed, and let Dot the time seem long to thee. I bave now but little more to do, and will ccme soon,and then it will be day again." As she was going away, she looked back once more and said, " What tbe earth has once restored, it will not a second time with hold." Decisive Battles of the World. The decisive battles of the world, those of which, to use Madam's words, "a contrary I event would have essentially varied the dra ma of the world in all its subsequent scenes," are numbered as fifteen by professor Creasy, who fills the chair of ancient and modern his tory of the University of London. They are the grand subject ot two volumes by him, just from Bentley's prnss. These battles are : 1. The battle of Marathon, lought 490 B. C., in which the Greeks under Tiiemistocles, defeated the Persians under Darius, thereby turning back a tide of Asiatic invasion, which else would have swept over Europe. 2. The battle of Syracuse, 413 8.C., in which the Athenian power was broken, and the West of Europe saved from Greek dom ination. 3. The battle of Arbella, 331 F C., in which Alexander, by the defeat of Dar us,establish ed his power in Asia, and by the introduction of European civilization produced an effect which as yet may be traced there. 4. The bailie of Metaurus, fought 207 B. C., in which the Romans under Coosol Nero defeated the Catthagenians under Hasdrubal, end by which the supremacy of the great re public was established. 6. The Viotory of Arminus, A. D. 9, over the Roman legions under Varus, which sc oured Gaul from Roman domination. 6. Tbe battle of Chalons, A. D. 4M, in which Aotiue defeated A til la the Hun, the •elf-styled "Scourge ot God," aod caved Ka topa from entiro devastation. The battle of Toors, A. D. Tgg, in which Charles Mar el, by the defeat of the Saracce* averted the Mabommedan yoke Irom Eu rope. 8. The battle of Hastings, A. D. 1066, in which William of Normandy was victorious over the Anglo-Saxon Harold, and the result of which was the formation of the Anglo- Norman nation, which is now dominanl in Europe. 9. The battle of Orleans, A. D. 1429, in which Ihe English were defeated, and die in dependent existence of Franca secured. 10. The defeat of Ihe Spanish Armada, A. D. 1588, which crushed the hopes of Papacy in England. II The battle of Blenheim, A. D. 1704, in which Marlborough by the defeat of Tallsrd, broke the power and crushed Ihe ambitious schemes of Louis XIV. 12. The defeat of Charlea XII, by l'eler the Great, at Pultowa, A. D. 1709, which se cured the stability of Ihe Muscovite empire. 13. The battle of Saratoga, A. D. 1777, in which Goners! Gales defeated General Bur goyne, and which decided the fate of the American revolutionists, by making France their ally, and other European powers friendly to them. 14. The battle of Valmy, A.I). 1609, when the continental allies, under the Duke of Brunswick, were defeated by the French un der Dumourier, without which the French revolution would have been alayed. 15. The butile of Waterloo, A. D. 1815, in which the Duke of Wellington hopelessly detested Nspoleon, ani saved Europe Irom his grasping ambition. A Fanny I'bmnlx. "John I'hcenix," a most quizzical writer, lately took a trip Itom Boston to New Orleans and gives an account of the tame in the Knickerbocker Magazine. John Rive* an account of a meeting be tween a fellow passenger and liia wife, at New Orleena. He wad accompanied by liia old friend Uullerfield, who had joined him at Memphis*; he landed at New Orleans, and proceeded forthwith the St. Charlea Hotel.— At this great tavern Kutterfield expeclad lo meet his wife, who had arrived from Cala foruia, to rejoin him afier a three months' separation, l'hcnnix says: " I have never seen a man so nervous.— He rode on the onlside of the coach wilh the driver, that he might obtain the earliest view of the building that contained his adored one. | It was wilh great difficulty that I kept pace with him as he 'lumulluou-ly rushed' up the steps leading lo the Rotunda. In an instant no was ai in*-, .au.,..a iu® u*t terfield.' 'ln the parlor, sir,' replied Dan, and he was off. I followed and saw him slop with surprise as he came lo the door. In the centre of the parlor stood Mrs. Butlerfield That Admirable woman had adopted the very latest and moit voluminous sty le ; and having or, a rich silk of greenish hue, looked like a lovely bust on the summit of a new mown haystack. Butterfield was appalled for a moment, but hearing the cry "Amos," he snswered hys terically, "My Amander !" and rushed on. He ran three times around Mrs. Butterfield, but it was of no use, he couldn't in. He tried to climb her, bnt the hoops gave way and frustrated the attempt. He extended his arms to her; she held out hers to him : tears were in their eyes. It was the most affecting thing I ever witnessed. Finally, Mrs. But teifield sat down, and Amos got behind the chair and kissed her, until their offspring, bv howling and biting the calf of his leg, crested a diversion. They were very happy, so were the people in the parlor. Everybody appear ed delighted : aDd a small, boy a year or tvro older than little Amos, jumped op and down like a whip-saw, and hslloa'd -Hoop-ee' with all his might. 'Butterfield,' said I, an hour or two Hter, 'I suspect that Mrs. Butterfield has adopted hoops.' 'Oh! yes,'snswered he, 'I saw that stick ing out. Perhaps it will obviate tbe little tendency she had to 'blow up.' 'l'm glad of it."' The Pacific Wagon Roads. The Secretary of tbe interior is poshing for ward rapidly the arrangements for a vigorous prosecuiion of the Pacitic wagou toad recent ly provided for by Congress. The road is di vided into five sections, each of whtcb has a superintendent to conttract it. Mr. W. E. Nobles will construct the rod from Fort Kidgely to the South Pass, and return over the Platte road to Fort Kearney; Mr. M F. Magraw, of Missouri, will construct the Fort Kearney and Honey Lake road as far as the City Rocks: John Kirk, ct California, will complete this road from Ci:y Rocks to Henry Lake Valley, working from the Catatonia side: the road lira El Paso to Fort Yuma has been placed under the supervision of Mr. James B Leech, of Texas; from Fort Defi ance to the Colorado it assigned 10 Mr Beaie. A new Bureau has been established to take immediate charge of the business of the rosd and Mr. B. H. Campbell, civil engineer, has been placed at us bead. The*# will ooablo :S# tior orumer.t la iraoopori with s*o*ror lacilKT out iiarj noroa and troop# a nut d.Kaut (s*w •iona. Th# powar tf Ihe liaarr.m*at aad tha xacurilj of tha lar will ba eaiwidad to aratp quarta: of ;ha tvantrr. Tba* max ba regardad >< :ha #un pwuttoo of tha axraam of population and cmlixa.on which xrtil apraad oxar tha whol# axiom of uSa coawrr from our pranant waxratn book** to tha Pa cific, and wiH ba tolloxrad to good mo# bx a railroad 0000000*4 th* aamara and n.m di'WHVM of ilt#Uawadftatao ia rk*M atoa 4HT. TALLKYKAND'M AI'IIOHISSIa. Our welcome to a stranger depends upon Ibe name he beara—upon the cnat he wears; our farewell upon the spirit be has displayed tn the interview. There is so great a cliartr in friendahip, that there ia even a kind of pleasure in ac knowledging ourself dupsd by the sentiment it inspires. Unbounded modesty is nothing mote than unavowed vanity ; the too bumble obeisance ia sometimes a disguised impertinence. Tit. reputation oi a man is like his shsdow —gigantic when it precedes him, and pigtny in its proportion when it follows. Beauty, devoid of grioe, i a mere book without a bait. lie who cannot feel friendship is alike in capable of love. Let a woman bswnrs ot the man who owns that he loves no one but her self. The Count de Coigny possesses wit and talent, but his ennversation is fitigueing, be cause his memory is equally eioclin quoting the death of the I'liiiceas de Uueroonee'a poo dle. To oontradict and argue with • total stran ger, ia like knocking st a gate to acertaiu i' there is any one within. The love ol glory can only ereate a hero , the contempt ol it creates a great man. The errors of great men, arid the good deeds of reprobates, should not be reckoned in our estimates of their respective charac ters. It is someihing'quite enough for a man to feign ignorance of that which he knows to gain the reputation of knowing that of which he is ignorant. Both erudition and agriculture ought to be encouraged by government; wit and manu factures will come themselves. Too much sensibility creates unliappiness; too much insensibility creates crime. It ia an attribute ol true philosophy never to force the progress ol truth and resson, but to wait till the dawn of light; meanwhile, the philosopher may wander into hidden paths, hut he will never depart from the main track. A generous man will place the benefiis he confers beneath hi* feet—those lie receives nearest his heart. "The World owes roe a hiving''' Thai's (me, sir! It doesn't owe you a farthing. You ow ihe world for the light o( its days, ihe warmth of its sunshine, the beauty of its esnh and sky, and for its love, i BfIAIiAHB •is/1 (fian.iaKtfM, •'Alind ' and clung ,o your worthless trunk. For all , i these, and other blessings of countless num i I bfirs, you are a debtor. You have never . • even thanked God for health anJ life. You 1 never made the world belter for your living. | You owe for the breath you breathe and the strength you enjoy. Y'ou have nothing to J your credit on the day book or ledger of life —not a cent. Y'ou have never taken a doi | lar's stock in Heaven. You are a miserable, i aimless, indolent bankrupt Y'oa final down j the stream of your lazy existence like flood j wood on water. Were you to ernk to-day to ; oblivion, you would not leave a bubble, j The world owes you a living! Where is there a manly thought uttered, or a noble deed performed I Where are there evi- I dences of your labor? Nowhere. Y'ou sre loung'teg through life with your hands in i your pockets, an indolent loafer, sweariog | and slavering nonsense. Y'ou drink, gamble ! ar,d chew tobacco, but never earned your I board. A pile of lumber would be of more I account, for that could be worked ioto forms j of usefulness and beauty ; but you will not i make anything of yocreelf, or allow society ito do it. A worid of such as yon would jbe the place to live in, indeed! Yon have j degraded our common manhood, instead of | ennobling and elevating it, and in nothing ; hot the form and volgat speech, are yon | above the brutes that perisb. And becarse you ate too Uzy to work, yen elaitn thai the world owes yon a living ! Don't tell that he sgtia. roc sluggard'— The world or society would not seffer toes were lightning to strike yon. or the cholera to take yon off. There are too tra-y of sec' Were yon treated as drones IF I-SSK ;I the hives, yoc woald hive beet kicked oc of creation years ago. Y'oa af a sponge, swollen with what yoc have abeo-bed '-cm society. Too dwarfed the inteieet g.eea you, and neglected toe enJowmeo- It would have brought voa. So effectually have yes wasted the boon of hie. thai n!e yocr bones shall go to iba diwst'mg roo and your p eked carcass as a fenii ; tttv* sovr God lorsaksn spot, yen have passed hvcgr life to no purpose. The tobacco yoa have chewed, has only det.ee evwrysk ng a-osw: you, and the bqaor yoa hare crank hat ee.y been adulterated by your m nerabe. a*c vile astcf turned into rosrdy .ME asi pro fanity. Yoa coe, art tore so k.:y ye; , touch. and even ifcrwe yea. via keep their ch.fciree from .he -ep-osy at year vsac* , .Of acd rivt. No. s.r. you ewe the worhi i ,Vw ; You never caa paj a., be debt, be vet oar do better end coses ere tor wwo tw ori s lon the dcdls' Do sad i toce. 1 if rob • and roaaiy ' and sot some Sososebie pr-vws and no. inhale tloi i par* a-r W r-Mt-mg and port ih-er.gr. sxwwos t a hug hav ing oaiy saw a,ms is bo 10 raeok vbe bar | aod dene: rob*, erd Sh (we a-tVaw | 10 sat re ( us.'ory and *nk to Awahawosae ; The wvwid owes aesrocka Me a kv-j^g CT A Wv her htwbaad aNe war *Ss lArt .v Lore, oa pavywse to be y*h *o htaa. M had sashet hare Ww wvhhsaf art." snpSwi ha [Two Dollars per AMIS* NUMBER 15. From the Public Ledger. WIIAT IS INSTINCT. It is no unprofitable study in natural his* tnry to trace back the history of an instinct. Teach a spaniel to beg for food, and yo often trace in its pups a tendency to th samo habit. Let a setter bo trained to sat, and its progony will do so instinctively, though they may never oven witness the action performed. The chicken, though countless generations, pick up crumbs and insects from the ground, while the wood pocker, with boak adapted for it, sita "tap ping the hollow beecn tree." We may take the eggs of the duck, and the unconscious hen will sit upon them and hutch them, and guard the progeny aa her own; hut no sooner have these little ones cracked the shell, than by the inward impulse, they seek (or the water and swim oil, to the infinite terror of the poor hen who hatched them, and who vainly triaa to lure thurn away from what seems to hae to be their certain destruction. Thin wisdom of the web foot, this pro ponsiiy, or instinct, whence comes it?— Neither by education nor example, that is clear, neither is it anything communicated by the hen, nor her life, nor her instincts in any way transferred; neither is it any pe culiarity in the matter of the egg, as analy sis could probably show. Is it then the re sult of organization ? And if so, what doee this mean but the result of' motion 1 If we take an egg, and put the wet tip of the tongue to the large end of it, we at one# become sensible of a gentle heat, if the egg is alive. This is then the germ of all the after vibrations of life, stimulated by the vital warmth of the hen, and these pulsa tions transmit the instinctive tendency that impels the duck to the water, embodying a kind of memory, or impulse, from former generations, quite distinct from that of the hen. These vibrations organize the fluid of the egg into a form corresponding with the idea of which the whole past suggests as the intended future of the bird. The uneducated but honest Christian seee or thinks he sees, iri this, however, the im mediate finger of God, a part of the all per vading mind of Hirn in whom we lire and move, and have our being: His* wisdom directly imparting wisdom to each creature according to its wants. Bui. as v.a have already seen, a more ex tended observation will indicate to a reflect ivp mind that instinct is. after all, a pan, at least the result of fixed laws, and bet as in nate tendency to reproduce actions that at* habitual in the parent. And this very law, . so tat from allowing us to lose sight of a designer, will conduct us back to a precon certing mind, comprehending, arranging and rewarding ail actions, so that each vio lation shall consolidate into an h alitcaily recurring purpose, each purpose into an in stinct, and each instinctive habit shall en tirely mould even the physical system in accordance with the whole—sharpening Tn e beaks and hollowing the hones of birds.giv ing web feet to water fowl and caw to beasts of prey, the immaterial thus forming the material. It then the differences of instincts are aB merely those of development of 'be inten tions and habits of me varions atumats, throcgn the course of ages and generations, and if every exercise of every habit has ia it the tendency to reproduce itself and so become hereditary and ins:, octree. it is no measure lessens be marks of a p—•pass ia. creation. Shou.d it seem tc remove u step farther from the designer, a otly tics enables as to take broader v.evrj of Ha pro found design. Drocrxc Wnu rv Qmxmtr—How w Mixt a Cna—The foC-:w j :ow a Meb :gaa paper, j a s jx?<t sti .nge-rnss rnerk od for the conftrac ac of the enfb: Wsea tfcey cine to the water at was always die esse ibexa or tbe open nga :MV found an abundance of qs-easand 5c a stop ma : on: iey wen: io the wr*if at. rat s wh.te oak tree about three ;g. ar-i cat off three tee oi .be tK, in aa-l off about .tree tribes 'htrk>*nwr .he onsioe. at-i ssiit :. eff tx pieces .ite scare bof*. ba it* camd :o n mhe: -.paw sc as tr sec omm cp. noon ;:eic ope be?—ktr.ng £-st ctaa pered oi lb# ooi.v.oe ao as se sharpen the iowe: end. .nsr *e: .hew towx sua dm qt.ck.saii. a *x I .we. t*.rq rnrr-'n e keep ifces -s -be.- uutal pace Cioovng m* the sawd .row the rr*oe . and ucs sect ng .hem .vet :dt .he .op was e**r ra she wa ter Re r; snaer w* . s.xd twrsr -at c-nt. and he Lu-katws n. the scs*vw wotiid >vcf£ --era r-oja r*v a.-* ..-g na. a. thaw mm I, kept M nu oc ream t. tM water raw -os bs bo:row, wad. a <r she bra. a.x taor -hs. was as osc as the rjva ittaiM r r A Nrw Law a tbrw—A Vt bas boms a law r Ok : w x~i prvv-vte thai ai head tar wctgvws po-nvwaf ehal ba jerwrc v be the .wwv J* FWHOT and siia. be >wi b a oorjvorwrow -or iSa; ptayeas. w wtook rha bff ahr p-cods*. hsC ii raw wv t haa ab<swdy bee* dee as* sa ax vaa-*>dauu. is -.Se cit-.-V eieatwae a as* ot she .wrwpsNM * may vsaaaA ha hawds WIWK Trass vavs she uawiimt ffesse vewtfsarrv on y iountnw. Kif we tank osr wawxtor has hswa A—u fft sM war* * 'rhsMtkMKSKkhsseya gaeww TVhu *c ri saw, wiak at W >| wchhdhmmw wnsiuauk iwvk pwfacffv wiiwij *a iYeilii
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers