THE STAR OP THE NORTH.
B. W. VMT(r t Proprietor.]
VOLUME 9.
THE STAR OF THE NORTH
It PUBLISHED KVKRY WEDNESDAY ISORMNO BY
R. w. WEAVER,
OFFICE—Uf tlnirt, in Ike new brick build.
V." Ik* sou Ik till* qj Main Street, tkird
*<juart below Market.
EM MS:—Two Dollars per annum, if
paid wahin fix months from the time ol sub
scribing ; two dollars and fifty cents if not
paid within the year. No subscription re
ceived tor a lesa period than fix months; no
discontinuance permitted until all arrearages
are paid, unless at the option of the editor.
ARWMMiin not exceeding one square
Will be inserted three times lor One Dollar,
kCtul twenty.five cents for each additional in
petition. A liberal discount will be made to
thsae who advertise by the year.
■ iT 11 ii a im
Cftgiti Poetrg.
1 OWE NO MAN A UULLXII
BY CHSRLKS P. SHIRK.
Oh, do not envy. my own dear wife,
The wealth of our next door neighbor,
But tell me etill to be siout of heart,
And cheerfully follow my Übor.
You must know the last of those little debts
That have been our lingering sorrow,
I* paid this night! So we'll both go forth,
With happier hearts to-moirow.
Oh, the debtor is butt shame-(seed dog,
With the creditor's name on his collar;
While I'm a king and you a queen,
For I owe no man a dollar!
Our neighbor you saw in (he eoech to-day,
With ni# wild and hi* flaunting daughter,
While we Mt down to out coved*** board,
To a crust and cup of water.
I *ew that the leer-drop mood in your eye,
Though you tneJ your b*at to conceal it
I knew that (be contrast reached your heart,
And you could not help but (eel it;
But knowing now that our scanty (are
Had freed my neck from the collar;
You'll join my laugh and help me ahout,
For we owe no man a dollar !
Thfc neighbor whose abow ha* denied your
eyea.
In fact is a wretched debtor.
I pity hirn oft from my vary heart,
And wished that his lo' was better.
Why, the nian t* the veriest slave alive,
For hi* dashing wife and daughter
Will live in atyle though ruin should come—
For he goes as the lamb to the alaugttter.
But he leels it tighter every day,
That terrible debtor's eollar!
Oh, what whould lie give could he say with us,
Thai he owad no man a dollar!
You seem amazed, but I'll tall you more,
Within two hour* I met him
Sneaking sway with frightened air,
As if a fiend had beset him;
Y#t he fled from a vary worthy man,
Whom I met with the greatest pleasure,
Whom 1 called by name and forced to slop,
Though he said he was not ai leisure.
(I* het.l my last note! So 1 held turn fsel.
Till he Ireed my neck Irom the collar,
Then I shook his hand as I proudly said,
"Now I ewe no man a dollar!"
Ah? now yon smile, for you feel the force
oif the truths 1 have been repeating;
I knew that a downright honest heart
In thai gentle breast was beating'.
To-morrow I'll rise, with t giant's strength,
To follow my daily labor;
But, ete we sleep, let us humbly pray
Fur our wretched next door neighbor ;
And well pray lor the time when all shall be
free
From the weight of the debtor's eollar—-
When the poorest shall lift up his voice and
ory
"I ewe no man a dollar I"
ill iec ell one one.
Lite of an Engineer.
The life of a railroad engineer is graphical
ly depicted in (he following extract from the
Schenectady Star ;
•' But the engineer—he who guide* the
train by guiding the iron horie, and almost
hold* the lire* ol passenger* in hie hands—
hi* ia a life of mingled pain and pleasure. In
a littl* aeveu-by-nine apartment, with square
hole* on each aide for windows, open behind
and with machinery to look through ahead,
you find him. He is the " Pathfinder;" he
leads the way at all limes of danger, checlcs
the iron horse, or causes it to speed ahead
with the relocity of lite wind, at will. Hare
you erer stood by ft* jrack, of a dark night,
and watched the coming and passing of a
train* Away off in the darkness you discov
er a light, and you hear a noise, and the earth
trembles beneath your feet. The light comos
nearer ; you can compare it to nothing but
the deril himself, with its terrible whistle;
the sparks you imagine come from Beelze
bub's nostrils—the fire anderneath, that
akioea close to the gipnnd, causing you to
believe the devil walks on live coala. It
comes close to you; you back sway and
•bodder; you look up, and almost on the
devil's back rides the engineer; perhaps the
"machine" shrieks, and you may imagine j
the engineer is applying the spur to the dev
ll'e aides. A daring fellow, that engineer— j
you can't help saying so, and you wonder (
wherein lies the pleasure of being sn engi- j
neer. But so he goes, day after day, night
after night. Moonlight evenings he sweeps
over the country, through cities and villages,
through fairy scenes and forest clearings. He
looks throngh the square boles at the side
and enjoys the moonlight, but he cannot stop
lo enjoy the beauty of the scenery. Cold,
rainy, muddy, dark night, it ie the same.—
Perhaps the tracks are undermined or over
flowed with water; peihaps some scoundrels
bava placed some obstructions in the way,
or trees been overturned across the track;
and, in either case, it ia almost instant death
•~to him, at least but be slope not. Right on
ie the word with -him, aod on he goes, re
gardless of danger, weather, and everything,
save lb* well-doing of his duty. Think ol
him, ya who sbndder through fear in the
cushioned seats of the cars, and get warm
from the fire that is kindled for your benefit.
QT When the Irishman first tried peach
es, he said he liked their flavor, but the
seeds ley hard on his stomach
BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29, 1857.
ELECTION OP COUNTY SUPERIN
TENDENTS.
I This may be the last No. of our Journal
| that will meet the eyes of Director* before
. they assemble to elect County Superintend
ent* for the next three school years. The
proper performance of that duty, so as to ef
feot the original design of the libera', and
far-seeing Legislature which established the
office, will be of incalculable benefit to the
Slate; and the contrary Will be equally inju
rious. It is, therefore, our design, as one
amongst the thousands of Pennsylvanians
who are watching the workings of this new
feature in our educational system with in.
tense interest, frankly to state the conclusion*
to which our observations have led.
Three yeats ago, few Directors or others
had any clear view of the necessity, nature,
mode of opeiation, or probuble results ol
this office. Die natural consequences were,
in the first instance, numerous mistake* in
selection and compensation. Those have
been, we think erroneously, attributed, in
and out of the State, to a settled purpose to
defeat the office, out of general hostility to
the system itself. In a few cases, this feel
ing may have had it influence; but in most,
the action complained-of really grew out of
meie want of knowledge of the nature of
the office itself, and an honest belief that
auch an addition to the expense and the
working machinery of the system was wholly
unnecessary. Whatever may have been the
cause, it is certain that the duty of selecting
County Superintendents wis so performed as
to produce one of the three following results:
Either, /
1. An incompetent person was chosen,
who failed, no matter what the salary. Or,
2. A competent person was chosen, who
failed, or was crippled in his operations, by
total inadequacy of salary. Or,
S. A competent person was selected, with
adequate salary, who fulfilled the just expec
tations of the Iriends ol the law.
From this it would appear that fimesa in
(ha person nm.' adequacy of compensation
are the elements—tho essential conditions—
of success. Of course, as in all olhor com
plex affairs, there are instances tliut appear
to conflict with this conclusion; but on close
inspection they will be found rather to con
firm il. For example: oae Superintendent
may have been eo well qualified for the sta
tion, and so devoted to the system, that ho
discharged its dnties at a most shamefully
inadequate salary. Bill who will argue from
this, that it is the right of the public to im
pOW) • xavle m l>ulftloti oil pilvMlO lUOattw Ol ll*
dividual patriotism? Or il may have been
that all the conditions appeared to be secur
ed—both adequacy of aulary and "skill and
experience in the art of leaching"—yet fail
ure ensued. But who will condemn the of
fice, because, here and there, a good teacher
may have made a poor Superintendent?—
Many an able lawyer makes a miserable
Judge; few of the most successful practising
physicians are qualified for the Professor's
Chair; so a capital teacher of boys may not
succeed aa Teacher of Teachers and admin
istrative officer of a complicated school sys
tem.
It would be no difficult task to run over
the whole State and show the correctness of
the concisions just staled. But it is neither
proper not necessary.
Taking it tor granted, that experience has
fully justified the wisdom of the Legislature
in requiring the selection of a fit person and
the payment of a sufficient ealury, lor this
office, two questions arise:
1. Who is a fit person for the office?
2. What is a sufficient salary ?
I. 'Literary and scientific acquirements.'
These are both indispensable, and the de
gree of them should be considerable. In
every county, schools of every rank and
grade—from the lowest primary to the high
school, with its full round of branches—are
or must soon come into existence; and to
discharge the office properly, the Superin
tendent must be qualified "to examine" all
the Teachers, "to visit" (hem, and a "give
such instructions in the art of Teaching and
the method thereof in each school" as the
condition and grade of each shall require.—
How can this be done, except by one who
is scholar enough to teach the Teacher of
the highest branch taught in the highest
school in bis county t
2. "Skill and Experience in the Art of
Teaching," ia another requisite—not only
sk ill to know, but practice to do. It is no
doubt true, that, in some instances, the office
has been well filled by persons of no great
actual experience in the art. This is owing
to the known fact that some men have nat
urally in them so much of the elements of
the Teacher, and such a love for the work
and the cause, as to supply,to a great degree
ail other defects. But the exception only
proves the rule, for the instance of failure
for want of this element have been too nu
merous to leave the question doubtful. But
mere learning and professional ekill are not
sufficient, unless, as the law and the neces
sity of the case everywhere intimate, they
are accompanied 'with power to make them
efficient. Hence,
3. Ability to impart knowledge, and give
information, publicly as well as privately, is
indispensable. Since the passage of the act
of 1854—in addition to the public meetings
for the examination of Teachers, and the
visitation of school* in the presenoe of di
reclors and parents thereby prescribed—the
holding of district acd county Institutes, As
sociations and Meetings, for the improve
ment of Teachers, and the delivery of pub
lic lecture* and addresses for tho furtherance
of the system and the explanation of the
law, have become eo general, and are found
to bsvo beneficial, that they may now be
regarded as an integral part of the Superin
tendent'* duller. All these occaion impose
the duty of addre**i:ig the public; and the
officer who doe* not do it, fail* in hi* duty.
Some ability therefore to *pe*k in pub'io
slum Id be embraced among the requisites of
fnnes* for the office.
4. Energy of character and love for the
work, urn the' last essentials that need be
specified. Without these, the highest de
grce of scholastic attainment, of professional
skill, and of power of expression, wilt fail,
for the great moving forces of the required
character will be wanting. With these pres
ent in large degree, even a medium of quali
fications iu other ibspecte muy succeed.
Amongst the qualifications necessary to
this most important office, it is, of course,
not deemed requisite to speak of temper
ance, honesty or indus'ry, nor of common
sense, suavity of manners, or knowledge of
human nature. These are requisites to the
sale and efficient discharge of every public
trust; the one in question being no exception
to the general rule, but rather demanding
them in greater degree than most others.—
In a word, and aside from sporial requisites,
the nearer the character of a County Super
londenl approaches to that of the Christian
gentleman, the giealer will be his acceptance
and success.
The answer lo lite question, What it an
adeqnalo sulury? will depend mainly on the
locality ; and the experience of the past three
years will, in many eases, modify part action
on this point. Many of the Conventions
fixed lite salary in 1854, under a total or
very material misapprehension of the nature
of the office, the amount of service required
and the degree of good lo be effected. Now,
in many parts of the State, all these points
are clearly comprehended, and the action of
the directors will no doubt bo different. No
one who knows the people of Pennsylvania
will, for a moment, suppose that injustice
will bo done in regulating the compensation
ol those who are found to be amougat the
most useful, most laborious and most impor
tant of our public agents. The salary must,
as just remarked, depend on tho circum
stances of each rase; still, certain general
principles aro indicated by the nature of the
office and the wants of the achools, which
it may be useful to elioit.
The first point to be determined is, wheth
er the whole, or only a portion, ol the of
ficer's time will he required for tho lull dis
charge ol lite office. This will wholly de
pend on the number of schools in tho coun
ty. If Itiey are muteriaily over 100 and
should Do luiaßßpea, men me UCBI pouey
and tho course most productive of good,
will be to pay for his whole lime and ser
vices. In such cases mora than half ol the
year may be most beneficially devoted lo
school visitation, which, to be effectual,
should ho full and frequent. The rest of the
( year can be profitably devoted lo the improve
| menl of the Teachers in one or more fnsti
i tutes of greater of loss duration, lo tho offi
cer's own improvement and lo the prepara
tion of his reports, &c.
In smaller counties a less portion of the
officer's time will be needed, and the salary
may be in proportion; but in all cases enough
; should be given to secure his whole lime
and efforts lo the service of the schools while
in operation, and lo the improvement of the
teachers during a portion of the recess.
The only other general principle to be kept
in view in arranging the salary, is that ol
making it large enough to command the
very best professional talent within 'he reach
of the Convention. For reasons already giv
en, no oiher should be thought of.
The man, then, whom Law, Experience
and lite Wants of the System demand for
County Superintendent, is: A practical Teach
er, who it also an accomplished scholar, and a
ready public speaker; with sufficient love for il
to undertake, and energy to perjorm, the great
work before him; and the salary should be suf
ficient to compensate him, as far as money can,
for the efficient discharge of so great a labor.
Wherever such a man is found, he should
be selected. Wherever he has already been
found, he should be retained.
At the ptesent lime it may be proper to re
call to the attention of Conventions to elect
County Superintendents, that Section 40 of
the school law of Bth May, 1854, confers
upon the State Superintendent of Common
Schools, very considerable powers in refer
ence to the commissioning of the persons
elected. The words alluded to are these:
"If objection be mide within thirty days
to the issuing of such commission, the Su
perintedent of Common Schools may re
quire such evidence, unddr oath or affirma
tion, in regard to the election or qualification
o f the person elected County Superintendent,
as he shall deem necessary, and shall then
issue his commission to the porson properly
qualified who shall have received the high
est number of votes."
Under this provision it is competent for
any citizen, and it would seem to be his du
ly, to make objection to the commissioning
of an unqualified person, and to set in ope
ration, for the good of the system in this re
spect, the powers vested in the State Super
intendent. In view of this fact, the true
course lor Directors in their Convention will
be, to vote for none unless such as by learn
ing and professional tkill are fully qualified
to discharge all the duties of the office.—
Pennsylvania School Journalfor April.
IT IS SAID OF PAHIS that one of every throe
thousand porsous commit suicide ; that two
thirds of the population cannot afford tho
exponso of burial; that in every throe births
ono is illegitimate; that 80,000 persons be
sides those assisted by tegular charities,
arise every morning without knowing how
they will get a dinner, and that 17,000 ha
bitual drunkards, of the most brutal char
acter, disgrace tho city.
Truth and Right Rod aad aar Country.
A SWMHMI TALE.
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN OF HEBEL.
In Frlug, r mining town in Sweden, t hun
dred yeers or more ago, a young miner kiss
ed his lair bride and said to her:
" On Si. Luoia'e day our love will be blessed
by ihe priest's hand. Then we shall be hus
band and wile, and we will build us a neat
little nest of our own."
"And peace and love shall dwell in it,"
said the boaulilul bride, with a sweet Rmile,
'.'for thou art my all In all, and without llieo I
would choose to be ill my grave."
But when the priest, in proclaiming their
bans in Ihe ohuroli for the second time before
St. I.ucis's day, pronounced tlio words, "11,
| now, any ene can show reason why these
| persons should not be united in the bonds of
I matrimony," Death was at hand. The young
; man, as he passed her house next morning
i in his black mining garb, already wore his
shroud. He rapped upon her window and
said good morning,—but he never returned
;lo bid her good evening. He never came
back from the mine, and all in vain she em
broidered for him a black ornvat with a red
border, for the wedding day. This she laid
carefully away, and never ceased to mourn
or weep for him.
Meanwhile, time passed on; the Seven
Years' War was lought; the partition of Po
land took place; America became line; ihe
French revolution and the long war began;
Napoleon subdued Prussia, and the English
bombarded Copenhagen. Tlio husbandman
. sowed and reaped, the miller ground and (he
I smith hammered, and the miners dug alter
the voins of metal in their subterranean work
| shops. As the miners cf Falun, in the year
eighteen hundred and nine, a little before or
after St. John's day, were excavating an open
ing between two shalls, full three hundred
oils below the ground, they dug from the rub
bish and vitriol water, the body of a young
man, entirely saturated with iron vitriol, but
otherwise nmlecayed and unaltered—so that
one could distinguish his features end age as
woll as if he had died only an hour before,
or had fallen asloep for a little while at his
( work.
But when they had brought hint out lo the
light of day, luther and mother, friends and
acquaintances, had long been dead ; no one
could identify the sleeping youth, or tell any
thing of hia misfortune, till she came who
was once Ihe betrothed of that miner who
had one day gone lo the mine and never re
turned. Gray and shriveled, stio came to the
claca hnhnt'mu unon a crutch,and renoon!-®-'
her bridegroom, when more in joytul ecstncy
than pain, she sank down upon the beloved
form. An soon as she had recovered her
composure, siie exclaimed, "'lt is my betroth
ed, whom I have mourned for fifly years,
and whom God now permits me lo see once
more before 1 die. A week before the wed
ding time he went under the earth and never
returned."
Alt the bystanders were moved to tears, as
they beheld the former bride, a wasted and
feeble old woman, and the bridegroom still
in the beauty of youth ; and how, after the
lapse of fifty years, her youthful love awoke
again. But he never opened his mouth to
smile, nor bis eyes to recognize ; and she,
finally, as the only one belonging to him, and
having a right to him, bad him carried to he;
own little room,till a grave could be prepared
in the church yard. Tbe next day, when all
was ready, and the miners came to take him
away, she opened a little drawer, and taking
out the black silk crsval, lied it around his
neck, tnd then accompanied him in her San
day garb, as if it were their wedding day and
not the day of his burial. As tbev laid him
in the grave in the churchyard, she said—
" Sleep well now, for a few days, in tby cold
bridal bed, and let Dot the time seem long to
thee. I bave now but little more to do, and
will ccme soon,and then it will be day again."
As she was going away, she looked back
once more and said, " What tbe earth has
once restored, it will not a second time with
hold."
Decisive Battles of the World.
The decisive battles of the world, those of
which, to use Madam's words, "a contrary
I event would have essentially varied the dra
ma of the world in all its subsequent scenes,"
are numbered as fifteen by professor Creasy,
who fills the chair of ancient and modern his
tory of the University of London. They are
the grand subject ot two volumes by him,
just from Bentley's prnss. These battles are :
1. The battle of Marathon, lought 490 B.
C., in which the Greeks under Tiiemistocles,
defeated the Persians under Darius, thereby
turning back a tide of Asiatic invasion, which
else would have swept over Europe.
2. The battle of Syracuse, 413 8.C., in
which the Athenian power was broken, and
the West of Europe saved from Greek dom
ination.
3. The battle of Arbella, 331 F C., in which
Alexander, by the defeat of Dar us,establish
ed his power in Asia, and by the introduction
of European civilization produced an effect
which as yet may be traced there.
4. The bailie of Metaurus, fought 207 B.
C., in which the Romans under Coosol Nero
defeated the Catthagenians under Hasdrubal,
end by which the supremacy of the great re
public was established.
6. The Viotory of Arminus, A. D. 9, over
the Roman legions under Varus, which sc
oured Gaul from Roman domination.
6. Tbe battle of Chalons, A. D. 4M, in
which Aotiue defeated A til la the Hun, the
•elf-styled "Scourge ot God," aod caved Ka
topa from entiro devastation.
The battle of Toors, A. D. Tgg, in which
Charles Mar el, by the defeat of the Saracce*
averted the Mabommedan yoke Irom Eu
rope.
8. The battle of Hastings, A. D. 1066, in
which William of Normandy was victorious
over the Anglo-Saxon Harold, and the result
of which was the formation of the Anglo-
Norman nation, which is now dominanl in
Europe.
9. The battle of Orleans, A. D. 1429, in
which Ihe English were defeated, and die in
dependent existence of Franca secured.
10. The defeat of Ihe Spanish Armada, A.
D. 1588, which crushed the hopes of Papacy
in England.
II The battle of Blenheim, A. D. 1704, in
which Marlborough by the defeat of Tallsrd,
broke the power and crushed Ihe ambitious
schemes of Louis XIV.
12. The defeat of Charlea XII, by l'eler
the Great, at Pultowa, A. D. 1709, which se
cured the stability of Ihe Muscovite empire.
13. The battle of Saratoga, A. D. 1777, in
which Goners! Gales defeated General Bur
goyne, and which decided the fate of the
American revolutionists, by making France
their ally, and other European powers friendly
to them.
14. The battle of Valmy, A.I). 1609, when
the continental allies, under the Duke of
Brunswick, were defeated by the French un
der Dumourier, without which the French
revolution would have been alayed.
15. The butile of Waterloo, A. D. 1815, in
which the Duke of Wellington hopelessly
detested Nspoleon, ani saved Europe Irom
his grasping ambition.
A Fanny I'bmnlx.
"John I'hcenix," a most quizzical writer,
lately took a trip Itom Boston to New Orleans
and gives an account of the tame in the
Knickerbocker Magazine.
John Rive* an account of a meeting be
tween a fellow passenger and liia wife, at
New Orleena. He wad accompanied by liia
old friend Uullerfield, who had joined him at
Memphis*; he landed at New Orleans, and
proceeded forthwith the St. Charlea Hotel.—
At this great tavern Kutterfield expeclad lo
meet his wife, who had arrived from Cala
foruia, to rejoin him afier a three months'
separation, l'hcnnix says:
" I have never seen a man so nervous.—
He rode on the onlside of the coach wilh the
driver, that he might obtain the earliest view
of the building that contained his adored one. |
It was wilh great difficulty that I kept pace
with him as he 'lumulluou-ly rushed' up the
steps leading lo the Rotunda. In an instant
no was ai in*-, .au.,..a iu® u*t
terfield.' 'ln the parlor, sir,' replied Dan, and
he was off. I followed and saw him slop
with surprise as he came lo the door. In the
centre of the parlor stood Mrs. Butlerfield
That Admirable woman had adopted the
very latest and moit voluminous sty le ; and
having or, a rich silk of greenish hue, looked
like a lovely bust on the summit of a new
mown haystack.
Butterfield was appalled for a moment, but
hearing the cry "Amos," he snswered hys
terically, "My Amander !" and rushed on.
He ran three times around Mrs. Butterfield,
but it was of no use, he couldn't in. He tried
to climb her, bnt the hoops gave way and
frustrated the attempt. He extended his
arms to her; she held out hers to him : tears
were in their eyes. It was the most affecting
thing I ever witnessed. Finally, Mrs. But
teifield sat down, and Amos got behind the
chair and kissed her, until their offspring, bv
howling and biting the calf of his leg, crested
a diversion. They were very happy, so were
the people in the parlor. Everybody appear
ed delighted : aDd a small, boy a year or tvro
older than little Amos, jumped op and down
like a whip-saw, and hslloa'd -Hoop-ee' with
all his might.
'Butterfield,' said I, an hour or two Hter,
'I suspect that Mrs. Butterfield has adopted
hoops.'
'Oh! yes,'snswered he, 'I saw that stick
ing out. Perhaps it will obviate tbe little
tendency she had to 'blow up.' 'l'm glad of
it."'
The Pacific Wagon Roads.
The Secretary of tbe interior is poshing for
ward rapidly the arrangements for a vigorous
prosecuiion of the Pacitic wagou toad recent
ly provided for by Congress. The road is di
vided into five sections, each of whtcb has a
superintendent to conttract it. Mr. W. E.
Nobles will construct the rod from Fort
Kidgely to the South Pass, and return over
the Platte road to Fort Kearney; Mr. M F.
Magraw, of Missouri, will construct the Fort
Kearney and Honey Lake road as far as the
City Rocks: John Kirk, ct California, will
complete this road from Ci:y Rocks to Henry
Lake Valley, working from the Catatonia
side: the road lira El Paso to Fort Yuma
has been placed under the supervision of Mr.
James B Leech, of Texas; from Fort Defi
ance to the Colorado it assigned 10 Mr Beaie.
A new Bureau has been established to take
immediate charge of the business of the rosd
and Mr. B. H. Campbell, civil engineer, has
been placed at us bead.
The*# will ooablo :S# tior
orumer.t la iraoopori with s*o*ror lacilKT out
iiarj noroa and troop# a nut d.Kaut (s*w
•iona. Th# powar tf Ihe liaarr.m*at aad
tha xacurilj of tha lar will ba eaiwidad to
aratp quarta: of ;ha tvantrr. Tba* max ba
regardad >< :ha #un pwuttoo of tha axraam
of population and cmlixa.on which xrtil
apraad oxar tha whol# axiom of uSa coawrr
from our pranant waxratn book** to tha Pa
cific, and wiH ba tolloxrad to good mo# bx
a railroad 0000000*4 th* aamara and n.m
di'WHVM of ilt#Uawadftatao ia rk*M atoa
4HT.
TALLKYKAND'M AI'IIOHISSIa.
Our welcome to a stranger depends upon
Ibe name he beara—upon the cnat he wears;
our farewell upon the spirit be has displayed
tn the interview.
There is so great a cliartr in friendahip,
that there ia even a kind of pleasure in ac
knowledging ourself dupsd by the sentiment
it inspires.
Unbounded modesty is nothing mote than
unavowed vanity ; the too bumble obeisance
ia sometimes a disguised impertinence.
Tit. reputation oi a man is like his shsdow
—gigantic when it precedes him, and pigtny
in its proportion when it follows.
Beauty, devoid of grioe, i a mere book
without a bait.
lie who cannot feel friendship is alike in
capable of love. Let a woman bswnrs ot the
man who owns that he loves no one but her
self.
The Count de Coigny possesses wit and
talent, but his ennversation is fitigueing, be
cause his memory is equally eioclin quoting
the death of the I'liiiceas de Uueroonee'a poo
dle.
To oontradict and argue with • total stran
ger, ia like knocking st a gate to acertaiu i'
there is any one within.
The love ol glory can only ereate a hero ,
the contempt ol it creates a great man.
The errors of great men, arid the good
deeds of reprobates, should not be reckoned
in our estimates of their respective charac
ters.
It is someihing'quite enough for a man to
feign ignorance of that which he knows to
gain the reputation of knowing that of which
he is ignorant.
Both erudition and agriculture ought to be
encouraged by government; wit and manu
factures will come themselves.
Too much sensibility creates unliappiness;
too much insensibility creates crime.
It ia an attribute ol true philosophy never
to force the progress ol truth and resson, but
to wait till the dawn of light; meanwhile,
the philosopher may wander into hidden
paths, hut he will never depart from the main
track.
A generous man will place the benefiis he
confers beneath hi* feet—those lie receives
nearest his heart.
"The World owes roe a hiving'''
Thai's (me, sir! It doesn't owe you a
farthing. You ow ihe world for the light o(
its days, ihe warmth of its sunshine, the
beauty of its esnh and sky, and for its love,
i BfIAIiAHB •is/1 (fian.iaKtfM, •'Alind
' and clung ,o your worthless trunk. For all
, i these, and other blessings of countless num
i I bfirs, you are a debtor. You have never
. • even thanked God for health anJ life. You
1 never made the world belter for your living.
| You owe for the breath you breathe and the
strength you enjoy. Y'ou have nothing to
J your credit on the day book or ledger of life
—not a cent. Y'ou have never taken a doi
| lar's stock in Heaven. You are a miserable,
i aimless, indolent bankrupt Y'oa final down
j the stream of your lazy existence like flood
j wood on water. Were you to ernk to-day to
; oblivion, you would not leave a bubble,
j The world owes you a living! Where is
there a manly thought uttered, or a noble
deed performed I Where are there evi-
I dences of your labor? Nowhere. Y'ou sre
loung'teg through life with your hands in
i your pockets, an indolent loafer, sweariog
| and slavering nonsense. Y'ou drink, gamble
! ar,d chew tobacco, but never earned your
I board. A pile of lumber would be of more
I account, for that could be worked ioto forms
j of usefulness and beauty ; but you will not
i make anything of yocreelf, or allow society
ito do it. A worid of such as yon would
jbe the place to live in, indeed! Yon have
j degraded our common manhood, instead of
| ennobling and elevating it, and in nothing
; hot the form and volgat speech, are yon
| above the brutes that perisb. And becarse
you ate too Uzy to work, yen elaitn thai the
world owes yon a living !
Don't tell that he sgtia. roc sluggard'—
The world or society would not seffer toes
were lightning to strike yon. or the cholera
to take yon off. There are too tra-y of sec'
Were yon treated as drones IF I-SSK ;I
the hives, yoc woald hive beet kicked oc
of creation years ago. Y'oa af a sponge,
swollen with what yoc have abeo-bed '-cm
society. Too dwarfed the inteieet g.eea
you, and neglected toe enJowmeo- It would
have brought voa. So effectually have yes
wasted the boon of hie. thai n!e yocr
bones shall go to iba diwst'mg roo and
your p eked carcass as a fenii ; tttv* sovr
God lorsaksn spot, yen have passed hvcgr
life to no purpose. The tobacco yoa have
chewed, has only det.ee evwrysk ng a-osw:
you, and the bqaor yoa hare crank hat ee.y
been adulterated by your m nerabe. a*c
vile astcf turned into rosrdy .ME asi pro
fanity. Yoa coe, art tore so k.:y ye;
, touch. and even ifcrwe yea. via keep
their ch.fciree from .he -ep-osy at year vsac*
, .Of acd rivt.
No. s.r. you ewe the worhi i ,Vw
; You never caa paj a., be debt, be vet oar
do better end coses ere tor wwo tw ori s
lon the dcdls' Do sad i toce. 1 if rob •
and roaaiy ' and sot some Sososebie pr-vws
and no. inhale tloi i par* a-r W r-Mt-mg
and port ih-er.gr. sxwwos t a hug hav
ing oaiy saw a,ms is bo 10 raeok vbe bar
| aod dene: rob*, erd Sh (we a-tVaw
| 10 sat re ( us.'ory and *nk to Awahawosae
; The wvwid owes aesrocka Me a kv-j^g
CT A Wv her htwbaad aNe war *Ss
lArt .v Lore, oa pavywse to be y*h
*o htaa. M had sashet hare Ww wvhhsaf
art." snpSwi ha
[Two Dollars per AMIS*
NUMBER 15.
From the Public Ledger.
WIIAT IS INSTINCT.
It is no unprofitable study in natural his*
tnry to trace back the history of an instinct.
Teach a spaniel to beg for food, and yo
often trace in its pups a tendency to th
samo habit. Let a setter bo trained to sat,
and its progony will do so instinctively,
though they may never oven witness the
action performed. The chicken, though
countless generations, pick up crumbs and
insects from the ground, while the wood
pocker, with boak adapted for it, sita "tap
ping the hollow beecn tree."
We may take the eggs of the duck, and
the unconscious hen will sit upon them
and hutch them, and guard the progeny aa
her own; hut no sooner have these little
ones cracked the shell, than by the inward
impulse, they seek (or the water and swim
oil, to the infinite terror of the poor hen
who hatched them, and who vainly triaa
to lure thurn away from what seems to hae
to be their certain destruction.
Thin wisdom of the web foot, this pro
ponsiiy, or instinct, whence comes it?—
Neither by education nor example, that is
clear, neither is it anything communicated
by the hen, nor her life, nor her instincts
in any way transferred; neither is it any pe
culiarity in the matter of the egg, as analy
sis could probably show. Is it then the re
sult of organization ? And if so, what doee
this mean but the result of' motion 1
If we take an egg, and put the wet tip of
the tongue to the large end of it, we at one#
become sensible of a gentle heat, if the egg
is alive. This is then the germ of all the
after vibrations of life, stimulated by the
vital warmth of the hen, and these pulsa
tions transmit the instinctive tendency that
impels the duck to the water, embodying
a kind of memory, or impulse, from former
generations, quite distinct from that of the
hen. These vibrations organize the fluid of
the egg into a form corresponding with the
idea of which the whole past suggests as the
intended future of the bird.
The uneducated but honest Christian seee
or thinks he sees, iri this, however, the im
mediate finger of God, a part of the all per
vading mind of Hirn in whom we lire and
move, and have our being: His* wisdom
directly imparting wisdom to each creature
according to its wants.
Bui. as v.a have already seen, a more ex
tended observation will indicate to a reflect
ivp mind that instinct is. after all, a pan, at
least the result of fixed laws, and bet as in
nate tendency to reproduce actions that at*
habitual in the parent. And this very law,
. so tat from allowing us to lose sight of a
designer, will conduct us back to a precon
certing mind, comprehending, arranging
and rewarding ail actions, so that each vio
lation shall consolidate into an h alitcaily
recurring purpose, each purpose into an in
stinct, and each instinctive habit shall en
tirely mould even the physical system in
accordance with the whole—sharpening Tn e
beaks and hollowing the hones of birds.giv
ing web feet to water fowl and caw to
beasts of prey, the immaterial thus forming
the material.
It then the differences of instincts are aB
merely those of development of 'be inten
tions and habits of me varions atumats,
throcgn the course of ages and generations,
and if every exercise of every habit has ia
it the tendency to reproduce itself and so
become hereditary and ins:, octree. it is no
measure lessens be marks of a p—•pass ia.
creation. Shou.d it seem tc remove u
step farther from the designer, a otly tics
enables as to take broader v.evrj of Ha pro
found design.
Drocrxc Wnu rv Qmxmtr—How w
Mixt a Cna—The foC-:w j :ow a Meb
:gaa paper, j a s jx?<t sti .nge-rnss rnerk
od for the conftrac ac of the enfb:
Wsea tfcey cine to the water at was
always die esse ibexa or tbe open nga :MV
found an abundance of qs-easand 5c a
stop ma : on: iey wen: io the wr*if at. rat
s wh.te oak tree about three ;g. ar-i
cat off three tee oi .be tK, in aa-l off
about .tree tribes 'htrk>*nwr .he onsioe.
at-i ssiit :. eff tx pieces .ite scare bof*. ba
it* camd :o n mhe: -.paw sc as tr sec omm
cp. noon ;:eic ope be?—ktr.ng £-st ctaa
pered oi lb# ooi.v.oe ao as se sharpen the
iowe: end. .nsr *e: .hew towx sua dm
qt.ck.saii. a *x I .we. t*.rq rnrr-'n e
keep ifces -s -be.- uutal pace Cioovng m*
the sawd .row the rr*oe . and ucs sect ng
.hem .vet :dt .he .op was e**r ra she wa
ter Re r; snaer w* . s.xd twrsr -at
c-nt. and he Lu-katws n. the scs*vw wotiid
>vcf£ --era r-oja r*v a.-* ..-g na. a. thaw
mm I, kept M nu oc ream t. tM
water raw -os bs bo:row, wad. a <r she
bra. a.x taor -hs. was as osc as the rjva
ittaiM r r
A Nrw Law a tbrw—A Vt bas boms
a law r Ok : w x~i prvv-vte thai ai
head tar wctgvws po-nvwaf ehal ba
jerwrc v be the .wwv J*
FWHOT and siia. be >wi b a oorjvorwrow
-or iSa; ptayeas. w wtook rha
bff ahr p-cods*. hsC ii raw wv t haa
ab<swdy bee* dee as* sa ax vaa-*>dauu. is
-.Se cit-.-V eieatwae a as* ot she
.wrwpsNM * may vsaaaA ha hawds
WIWK Trass vavs she uawiimt ffesse
vewtfsarrv on y iountnw. Kif we tank osr
wawxtor has hswa A—u fft sM war* *
'rhsMtkMKSKkhsseya
gaeww TVhu *c ri saw, wiak at W >|
wchhdhmmw wnsiuauk iwvk
pwfacffv wiiwij *a iYeilii