*RBIUI.MT BUCHANAVB UAL ADUKMS. YXLIOW CITIZENS:—I appear before you "this day to take (he solemn oath "thet I will farhfully execute the jiffic* fef President of the United Stales, amHvilt to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and delend the Con stitution oi the United Scales." In entering upon this great office, 1 most humbly invoke the God of our Fathers for wisdom and firm ness to execute its high and responsible du ties in such a manner gs to restore harmony and ancient friendship among the people of the several States, and to preserve our free iustitutions throughout many generations Convinced that I owe my election to the in herent love.for the Constitution and the Uni on, which still animate* (be hearts of the American people, let me earnestly ask their •powerful support in sustaining all just meas ures calculated le perpetuate these, the rich - •est political blessing which Heaven has ever bestowed upon any nation. Having deter mined not to become a candidate for re election, I shall have.no motive to influence my conduct in administering the Govern ment, except the desire, ably and faithfully to serve my country, and to live in the grate ful memory of my countrymen. We have recemly passed through a Presidential contest in which the passions of our fellow-citizens were excited to the highest degree by ques tions of deep and vital importance. But when the people proclaimed their will, the tempest at once subsiJed, and all was calm. The voice of the majority, speaking in the manner prescribed by the Constitution, was beard, 'antj instant submission followed. Our -own country could alone have exhibited so grsnd and striking a spectacle of the capacity of man for self-government. What a happy conception, then, was it for Congress to apply thia simple rule, "thai the will or the majority eball govern," to the settlement of the ques tion of domestic slavery in theterrilories.— Congress is neither "to legislate slavery into any territory, nor to exclude it the re from, : r but In leave the people thereof petfeclly free to form and regulate their domestic institu tions m their own way, subject only to Constitution of the United Stales. As a nat ural consequence, Congress has also prescri bed that when the Tenitory ol Kansas shall be admitted as a Stale it shall be received into the Union with or without slavery, as their own Constitution may prescribe at the time of their admission. A different opinion diss arisen in regard to the point of time when the people of a territory shall decide the ques tion for themselves. Thia is happily a mat ter of but little practical importance; besides, it is a judicial question, which legitimately belongs to the Supreme Conrt of the United Slates, before whom it is now pending, and will, it is understood, be speedily and finally settled. To their decision, in common with all good citizens, I shall cheerfully submit, whatever this may be, though it has ever been my individual opioion that, under the Nebraska-Kansas act, the appropriate period will be when the number of actual residents in the justify the formation of a Constitution with a view to its admission as a State" into the Union- But be thia as it may, it is xbe imperative end todiepeneeble duly of the Government of tile United States, to secure to every resident inhabitant the free jUld independent expression of his opinion by j,,'v vote. This sacred right ol each individ ual n.'uel be preserved. This being accom tplidhed, nothing can be fairer than to leave the people' of ■ Territory free from all foreign interference, to decide their own destiny for themselves, subject only to the Constitution of the United States. The whole Territorial question-being tbir.* settled upon the principle of popular sovereign I}'"—a principle as an cient ss free government itself—everything of a practical nature has bt'en decided. _ No other question remains for adjustment, be cause all agree that,under the Cotiitiiution, sldvery in the Stales is boyonu 1 reach of any human power except that o.f lb® respect ive States themselves wherein it srxiatr. May we not, then, hope that the long agitation on this subject is approaching its end, .and thai the geographical parlies to which it has gii'en birth—so rnucb dreaded by the Fatheroor. r h Country—will speedily become extinct ¥— Most happy will it be for the country whein the public miud shall be diverted from this question to others oi more pressing and prac tical importance. Throughout the whole pro gress of this agitation, which has scarcely known any intermission for more than twenty fears, whilst it has been productive of no positive good to any human being, it hart been the prolific source of great evils to the master, to die slave, and to the whole coun try. It hs alienated and estranged the peo ple of sister Stales from each other, and has even the very existence of the Union. Nor has the danger yet en tirely ceased. Under our system there is a remedy for all mere political evils in the sound sense and sober judgment of the peo ple. Time is a great corrective. Political epbjeets which but a few years ago, excited snd ex2peraled the pubiio mind, have pass ed away anJ ore now nearly forgotten. But the question of domestic Slavery is of far greater importance than of any mere political question, because, should the Agitation con tinue, it may eventually endanger the per sonal safety of a large portion of ourctmntry men where the institution exists. In that event no form of Government, however ad mirable in itself, however prodnctive of ma terial benefits, can compensate f° r (he loss of peaee and domestic security around the fam ily altar. I.et every Uoiort-loving mac, there fore, exert his best influence <o enppress this Bgitation, which, since the recen't legislation of Congress is withoat any legitima.'e object. It is an evil omen of the times lhat me" have undertaken to calculate the mere material value of the Union. Reasoned estimates have been presented of the pecuniary profit* and focal advantages which would result tC different States and sections from its dissolu tion, and of the comparative injuries which •oh sn event would inffiot on other Stales snd sections. Even descending to this low pnd narrow view of "the mighty question, all euoh calculations are at fault— the bare ref erence to a tingle consideration will be con * cloaive on tbis point. We at present enjoy a free trade- throughout our extensive and expanding oouniry such an the world qerer iritufcsed. Thit-jfode ir conducted on tail mails and canals, on noble nv#f anil armsol the sea, which binil together lb* North anil the South, the Raw ar.d the Wfel of our Cnn feiletacj% Annihilate this trade, arwlst it* ffee ptogtßss by the geographical line* of jealoua aud hostile States, and you destroy the prosperity and en wart! match of the whole and every part, and involve all in one com mon ruin. But such considerations, import ant as they sre in themselves, sink into in significance, when we reflect on the terriffic evil* which woulo- result from disunion to every portion of (he confederacy.'"To (be North not more than to the South—to the Rati not more than to the Weal. These 1 shall not attempt to portray, because f feel an bumhle confidence, that the kind Provi dencd which inspired our fathers with wis dom to frame The mora perfect form of Gov ernment and Union ever devised by man, will not suffer it to perish, unlit it shall hat* been peacefully instrumental, by It* exam ples, in the extension of civil and religious liberty throughout the world. Next In importance to the maintenance of the Constitution and the Union, is the dnty of preserving the Government free from the taint or even the suspicion of corruption.— Public virtue is the vital spirit of Republics; and history proves that when this has decay ed and the love of money has usurped its place, although the forms of fre* Government may remain lor a season, the substance has departed forever. Our present financial condition is without a parallel in history. No nation Iras ever be fore been embarrassed from too large a sur plus in its treasury. This almost necessarily gives birth to extravagant legislation. It produces wild schemes of expenditures and begets a race of speculators and jobbers, whose ingenuity is exerted in contriving and promoting expedients to obtain public mon ey. The purity of official agents, whether rightfully or wrongfully, is suspected, aud the character of the Government suffers in the estimation of the people. This is in itself a very great evil. *The natural mode of relief from this embarrassment is to appropriate the . surplus in the Treasury to great national ob jects, for which a clear warrant can be found in the Constitution. Among these I might mention the extinguishment of the public debl, a reasonable increase of the Navy,— which is at present inadequate to the protec tion of our vast tonnage afloat, now greater than that of any oilier nation—as well a* to the defence of our extensive sea coast. It it bejonJ ail question the principle that no more revenue ooghl to be collected ftom the people than the amount necessary to defray the expenses of a wise, economical and effi cient administration of the government To reach this point, it was necessary to resort to a modification of the tariff, and I trust, been accomplished in such a manner as to do as little injory as may have .been practicable to onr domestic manufactures, especially those necessary for the defence of the country. Any discrimination aga.net a particular branch for the pufpose of benefit -itig favored corporations, individuals or inter ests, would have been unjust (o th rest of the community, and inconsistent with that pin ©I U'IVWBBB ©*> i uuktak to govern in the adjustment of a revenue tar iff. But the squandering of the public money sinks into comparative insignificance, as a temptation to corruption, when compared with the squandering ot the public lands. No nation in the tide of time has ever been bless ed with so rich snd noble an inberi'ance as we enjoy in the Public Lsr.ds. In admints lering this important trust, whilst H may be wise to grant portions of them for the im provement of the remainder, yet we should never forget that it ia our cardinal policy to ' preserve these land, as much as may be, for actual settlers, and this at moderate pri ces. We shall thus not only best promote the prosperity of the new Stales and Territo ries, by furnishing them a hardy and inde pendent race of hardy .and industrious citi zens, but shall secure homes for our children ar.d our children's children, as well as for those exiles from foreign shores who may seek in this country to improve their condi tion and to enjoy the blessings of civil and religious liberty. Such emigrants have done ,nucti to promote the growth and prosperity of the country. They have proved faithful both m peace and in war. After becoming cit izens they are entitled under the constitution ami laws, to be placed on perfect equality with native born citizens; and in this char ncter h'tey should ever be kindly recognized. The Federal constitution is a grant from the Slates to Cong'®** •© rerlain specific powers, and the question whether this grsnt should be liberally (V strictly construed, has more or lees divided political parties from the begin ning. Without e.ntsring into the argument, I desire to stale, at the commencement of my administration, It.'at long experience and observation have convinced me that a strict construction of the power!**! the Government is the only true, as well as the only safe the ory of the Constitution. Whenever, in our past history, doubtful powers have been ex ercised by Congress, these hav>n never failed to produce injurious and unhappy consequen ces. Many such instances might be addu ced, if this were the proper occasion. Nei ther is it necessary for the public service to strain the langnsge of the Constitution, be cause alt the great and useful powers requi red for a successful administration ot the Government, both in peace and in war, have been granted either in express terms, or by the plainest implication. Whilst deeply con vinced of these truths, 1 yet consider it clear, that under the war-making power Congress may appropalate money towards the con struction of a military road, when this is ab solutely necessary for the delenee ol any State or Territory of the Union, against for eign invasion. Under the Cor.etitution, Con ' grC* has power "to declare war"—"to raise | and auf, 00 ' 1 armiea"—"to provide anil main a navy." and to call forth a militia to "repei invasion." Thus endowed in an am ple maooei w '"h "• war ""king power, the corresponding lhat - '' ,hß United States shall preset oi o. 'hem (• States) against invasion." it is po"* 1 ' ble to afford this protection to California and our Pacific possessions except by means of a military road through the Territories of the United Statai oyer wbieb men end amraoni lions of war mgjy be aMdily fffc ß porlm TrcßT the Atlantic S(atey to Met M ropeftme in vader. In the M a wflwiih wnaval power much sponger ||h|ii i then have nq other gyailabijt access lo the Pacific coast,because such power would instsntly close "the roule ae/ffSs the Tithmus of Central America. It is tmposaibU lo ode ceive, that whiiat the 'Constitution has ex pressly required Congress lo defend all the States, it shpold yet deny to them by any fair construction, the only passible rriijos by wliloh one of these States can be Besidis, the Government ever since h* origin, bsa been in the oonslant practice of construct ing military roads, it might also be wise to consider whether the love for the Union which eoer animates out fsllew-citizenseta the Pa cifio coaet may not he impaired by our neg lect or refusal to preside for them in their temete and iaolatad condition, the only means by which the power of the Stales ea this aide of the Rocky Mouotaisa aan reach them io sufficient time lo protect them ageiast inva sion. 1 forbtar for the present from expressing sn opinion as to the wiseat and moat eco nomical mode in whiob the Government can lend its aid in accomplishing this great and necessary work. I believe that many of the difficulties in the way which now appear formidable, will in a great degree vanish as soon as tbe nearest and best route shall have been satisfactorily ascertained, tt may be right lhat on this occasion I should make some britf remark in regard to our rights aud duties as a member of the great family of nation*. In our intercourse with them, there are some plain principles approved by our own experience from which we should never depatt. j We ought lo cultivate peaee, commerce, ar.d friendship with alt nations, and this, not merely as the best means of promoting our own material interests, but ins spint of Chris tian benevolence towards fellow men whsr-1 ever their lot may be cast. Our diplomacy should be direct and frank, neither seeking to obtain mote, nor accepting lesa, than ia our due. We ought to cherish a sacred regard for thv independence of all nations, and never attempt to interfere in the domestic concerns of any, unless this shall be imperatively required by thegresl law of sell-preservation. To avoid entangling alli ances has been a maxim of our policy ever since the days of Washington, and its wisdom no one will attempt to dispute. In short, ws ought lo do justice in a kindly spirit to ail uatious, and require justice frgna them in telum. ll is our glory that whilst other cations have extended their dominions by the sword, we have never acquired any tertilory except by fair purchase, or as in the case of Texas, by the voluntary determination of-a brave kindred and independent people to blend their destinies with our own. Even our acquiei- from Mexico form no exception. Un willing to take advantage of the fortune of war against a sister Republic, we purchased these possessions under the treaty of peace for a sum whioh was considered at the time a fair equivalent. Our past history forbids that we should iu the future acquire territory, unless this be sanctioned by the JaWeof Jus tice and Honor. Acting on this principle, no nation will have a right to interfere or to complain, if in the progresa of event! we shall still further extend our possessions.— Hitherto in all our acquisitions, the people under the protection of the American Flag have enjoyed civil and religioua liberty, ae well as eqnal and just lawt, and have been contented, preeperous and happy. Their trade with the reel of the world bat rapidly increased, and Ihni every commercial nation hat shared largely in their auocessful prog ress. I shall now proceed to teke the oath prescribed by the Conetitution—whilst hum bly invoking the blessings of Divine Provi de noe on this gtest people. JAMES BUCHANAN. Philadelphia Expedition to Sebestopol. An expedition from Philadelphia is about lo undertake what the allied army could not effect. It is making preparations to enter the harbor of Sebaatopol, not as a destroyer, but to save national properly from destruc tion. The Russians, during the famous as sault upon that city sunk io the harbor 106 vessels, including IS line of battle shipe, 7 frigates, 15 steamers, and 10 brigs of war. The machinery of the (learners of war, be fore being sunk, was carefully covered with a preparation of tallow to prevent injury from the water. They were scuttled by boring three inch auger holes near the water line. Mr. John G. Gowen, of Boston, at the soli citation of a number of gentleman of Phila delphia, went to Sebast.opol, examined the harbor, made his plans, and against thirty competitors from France and F.ngland, ob tained from the Emperor of Russia the con tract to raise these ships, which aro valued by the government at sixty-five millions of dollars. The expedition will consist of two vessels, one of which leaves Philadelphia on or about the first of April, and the second soon after. The number of persons engaged lo accompany it from (his country is sbout one hundred and fifty, and the hydraelio machinery ia of the most colossal descrip scription. The contract will take eighteen mouths to perform, the Russian Government furnishing four thousand men to help in the work. At Kertch, there are also eoree five or six Russian vessels sunk, whieh are in cluded in the contract, and in the harbor of Sebaslnpol theie.are >600,000 worlh[of chains and anchors, which the French and Eoglisb threw overboard, from inability to carry them off. This contract is the greatest one ever entered into, and an application is now before the Pennsylvania Legislature to in corporate the Company for the purpose f prosecuting the work successfully. John Tuoker, Esq., Dr. Morris 8. Wiokeraham and Mr. Preabury of the GlirsrU House, are the active movers in the enterprise.—Lsdgvr. HIDES ASP LSATHKB —lt is staled that Buenos Ayree hides—the best quality ia market—toil i Mew York for 14} eta. per pound, While lan June the pnee was S3 caul" - Thl ® •••"• f fully do per cent, in eight mon;. h '' * I*""* "Vply * not less thaß J™* 1 • 'h' <*> • Mloo.bory,W*>M >^M.rH, ll'layf. 1 will i ISTTa cirsiT I oi Lycoming County. ""EiiiriWsT"' j of Philadelphia. VOS CANAL COMMISSIONER, 11B1K0D STRICKLAN9, of Chester Coanty. JUDGE B^ACkT'' 89555 *s'* 5 '* the members of iho now administration are all nan of national reputation. But the appointment from Pennsylvania ia aspect illy foitonsta j and lha President could have found no man in the State of mom vigorous intellect and indepandant spirit then Judge Bl*k. His opiaioo ia the Pastatore Wil liamson case is the strongest lags! production from the mind-of an American lawyer since Webster's fsmonspceeh iu the Dartmouth 'College ease. In Mtpublie addressee he oaaa Itngnage witlfan esse and grace, and yet with a power that no Amdriaan of this time can equal. Ilia late address oti Reli gious Toleration, of whieh we published a good part, is a specimen of his fine and fin ished scholarship, ae also of his elaar and strong mind. But it is in his legal opinions 1 that we see most plainly the fine accuracy with which he weigfls the shades of every word's meaning, tnd his thorough familiarity with each one's origin, history and use. Le gal dissertation* require this precision of I language, but many a judge and lawyer has fonnd tha difficulty of being at once definite and not prolix tnd tedious. Judge Black does not use one word too many, and no word in bis sentences could be changed for a more pertinent one. But there is another merit in this appoint ment ,—Judge Black is not embarrassed by any political associations or obligations that can in Ihq slightest degree restrict bis entire independence in his new position. Indeed we know that his temper would not submit to be hedged in by anv lies or bonds, any mora than iho eagle's spirit would bear to be caged. He will be a strong and honora ble part of the administration. Who Shall It Be. The removal of Judge Black to Washing ton will require the Democratic party to nominate another Judge of the Supreme Court in his plsoe. If the three present nomi nees were not all from the Eastern end of the State, William Strong, Esq., of Reading, would no doubt be she most fit nominpe.-r But justice and discretion seems to require Ihat the candidate should.be from the West. Wm. A. Stokes of Westmoreland, has been mentioned: but unless he is very different froth the other publio men of that county a ' better candidate ought to be found. Hope ' well Hepburn of Pittsburg, bee the reputa tion of being a sound lawyer; and so 100 ' has Charles A. Black of Green*, who served • with ability as Seoretaty of State under Gov. ' Bigler, and was some years ago a Slate Sen ator. Judge Thompson of Erie, has capa ' city for the pomtian, but perhaps lacks some otber requisite elements of character. i . The New Tuna Bill- Just as was to be expected, the Republi ' cans in Congress aided to pass a bill reduc ing the tariff, while not one of them pro posed a single measnre of relief for "bleed ing Kansas." Those good easy souls of the Opposition who once believed thatlhe 'tariff' i cry was in earnest, or who laat fall shed t tears over the details of "blood and murder" r in Kansas, can now Open their eyes to the j triclc which demagogues played upoirthem. . Thoy caa see that the jugglers who practiced . on their passions and prejudices cared neith i er ftr the tariff nor the "niggers," but only f for a slice of the spoils. I - Plenty of New Doctors. i Tie Merficil Colleges ol Philadelphia last , weel closed their winter course of lectures, . und conferred the degree of M. D upon such . studtnta as had altsoded two courses of lec . ture.-. Among the gradualea t the old Jef j ferioh College are John C. Fruit, now of f Hazelon, but formerly of this county, and l'stef H. Freeze. Among the graduates at . the Pennsylvania College are the following I young men from this county:—Robert H. f Brown, Charles M. Hill, Eliaha W. M. Lowe, I David ft. Belong and Charles H. Wilson.— i The degree of M. D. wast also conferred on I Dr. F-C. Harrison of this plaoe, though be I had frrmerly graduated at another College.— t lbs Pennsylvania is comparatively a young i institution, but it this yaar exhibits quite a - respectable number of graduates. i i ii n , t New Beeto. i Mr. T. B. Peterson, of Philadelphia, an noanees that he has published "THIS BORDSB f Roves;" a new novel by Emerson Bennett, ! an author who has now some celebrity as the author of "Clara Morslaud," "The prarie flower," and some half dozen otber work*, i The book is complete in (wo large duodeci mo volume*, neatly bound in paper cover for SI, and for that sum will be sent free ef postage to any part of the United States. The same publisher announces that on out Saturday be will publish "Yivja; the secret of jx?w#r," by Mrs. E. D. N. Sou*- worth. The work ia no doubt full of thril ling sentiment and nervous picture*; and parsons who have a taste for tbe excitable scenes sad sketches of this class of books will find it to furnish agreeable reading. In one volume, oloth binding, die price is 5t.25; in twe volumes, paper blading, tbe price it SI. For Una sum the publisher will send copies by mail, free of postage, to any part f the United States. ■dam-in Algebra area very good lor ht time 'be advanced Grammar class passed throngh very much such exercises in ''Young's Night Thoughts" as makes a Pitt of the -egatofbatfe* af tbscber* for fn# Oramtner schools of Philadelphia, and we answers to the report of tha Phll.Mlalphla examioalioaa. The yooagett classes ii? Ge ography and Gramm oleander Mia* Morris, could teaeh one half (be teachers of our ctesty* soli w-.!i wg sci*:i p The exhibition of declamation and origi nal reading was held in the evening at (he Methodist Church, and it seemed as if every human being of the dirtrict was there. The exercises were well for those of lbs first public school ever held in the place; and would evidently have been rnucb more in teresting ii the audience had not bsea to large and tome of it not so disorderly. VV believa the school education of iho young in this town is not to bo complsiued of in the general. If only the hosts education and Ibe street education were no worse, there would not be thoaa shameful cases of youth ful riotousnasa, rotfdyism, and obscenity which disgrace society. There are iu this district 500 school children, whose minds -and character* sre just forming and need daily training and culture. They are grow ing up for good or evil—for virtue or vice.— And let not aDy person deny that be has an interesriit the training which (hot* 500 im mortal minds receive. "The eliiM is father to the man;" and these youthful minds are the elements out of which will spring the social condition of the next few year*. It ; will be either upward and onward to an ele vated and refined sentiment of rectitude and sooial security and enjoyment, ox dowuwsrd and backward toward lieotUtousness, vio lence and vice. If any mau feel sore in the purse aboußhi# school-tax, let him reflect that a majority of these children can receive no private schooling, and that it is neither. safe for society nor just to lha young that they should receive only tbe education of the street. Nor will it affect only those who are allowed to become depraved. The chil dren of every family are as liable in their moral nature to the contagions of vice as the physical system ia to the small-pox or the whooping-cough. tJT The Edinburg Review for January has been received from Messrs. Leonard Scott & Co., 79 Ful'oit St., New Yoik. The following is the table of oonients: l'h'ilip 11. and bis Times—Prescott and Motley ; Human Longevity; Convocation ; Eergusson'a Handbook of Architecture; Ma caalay's History of Englsnd; Rights and Li abilities ol Husband and Wife; French Society under the Directory; Scottish Lawjersand English Crilica; Parliamentary Committees and Railway Legislation ludia, Persia, and Afghanistan. For any of (he 4 Reviews, S3 per ann. For any two, f, tr For ony three, 7 " For all four of the Reviews, 8 " For Blackwood's Maeszine 3 " Foe Blaokwood and 3 Reviews 9 " For Blackwood and the 4 do 10 " Address LEONARD SCOTT & Co., 79 Ful- Slreet, New York- Tbe Cabiaet, The President selected tbe following per sons as the members of his Cabinet, and their nomination* were immediately confirm ed by tbe Senate. r Secretary of Siate—Lewis Cass, ol Michi gan. Secretary of lha Treasury—Howall Cobb, of Georgia. , Secretary of War—John B. Floyd, of Vir ginia. Secretary of the Navy—lsaac Toucey, of Connecticut. Secretary ol tire Interior—Jacob Thomp son, of Mississippi. Pest Master General—Anson V. Brown, bf Tennessee. Attorney General—Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania. Fire at Tamaqun. On Monday night of last week the Ma chine Shop of the Little Schuylkill Company at Tamaqua wts discovered to be on fire, anj, before the destruction could be arrest ed, that building and several adjoining ones were entirely consumed. ' The lore is esti mated at SIO,OOO, of which $5,000 is cov ered by insurance in the Lycoming Company. On Monday night ol last week, a fire occurred on the Minersville road, wbioh con sumed four or five frame dwelling houses. The Artmen were on the spot, but as the wa ter does not reach that part of ihe borough, nothing could be done to save the properly. The night was intensely cold, and the suf fering of those rendered destitute by the fire very severe. The fire originated iu a stable close by. | SULLIVAN.—The store of Heury Shafer, at Hesdleyville, was totally destroyed by fire on the 22d nil. Partially insured. A shawl accidentally caught fire, and io lha endeavor to quench it, a fluid lamp burst. ■■ The dwelling bou r -e of J. B. Little, of Laporte, narrowly escaped conflagration on the 19th nit. The fire was communicated by sparks alighting upon tbe roof. But little damage wte done. ■ . Wm. Meylert baa been e'ec ed Justice of (he Peace for Leporte borough. V Such of oar readers ee like to enjoy good thriigs can find Judge Black's Agricul ture! Address entire in (he "Star" of October 11th, 1855. In our papar of November 19th, 1856, will be (band a ohoiA part of bis Ad dress on Religions Toleration. ty They are talking of running Judge Wilmot for Governor ol Pennsylvania, says the Syraouae Journal. "They" did talk of running Fremont for President in tbe same i Slate last fall. btjr a vote of 35 'to S in the Senate, and 124 io 71 in the rtotise of Representatives. It goes into fall effect on the firs! of July next, and the new rates of duties ao apply to all goods iprtpoiied,. but warehoused, in the meantime, m the same bad been .mpoit.d ftfter the 30,1, ol June. The im mediate practical results aside from the main purpoxp to reduce the present redun dant customs revenue, about 4)4, 000,000 per an nam en the current estate of importation will be to Ihtow; * large porlien of the highly dtih able goods now on Ifae way from foreign State ftilo Public Store, to await (be opera tion of the net* bui, and to postpone a con siderable share of 'be usual importation* or dered for May and June until after the (at el July. Both will necessarily lead to the re- I duced payment of oash duties into the Sub- Treasnry. What the effect will be after the new bill takee nsw force, it is difficult at present to see. The measure, however, is well-timed, se the batik* will he better ena bled at mid summer to eupply the first de mands of the importing into:*#!, to pay cash duties upon tho largo sum ot goods withheld from the market until after the Ist July, that; at any other season. The subsequent im portations will no doubt be heavy for several winters, and the very serious apprehension is that the reduction in some of the achedoles |of the set of 1848 may white curtailing the tevenne, afford undue encouragement to an excessive scale of importation. Schedules ol 1846 to 30 per cent, might have been quite sufficient to bring down the revenue to the badget of Government expenditure, without interference with the original 30, 20 and 20 per cent, schedules. Bat ibis could not be done to the oonflicl el opin ions between the two Homes, and the broader principle of the Senate , bill of Mr. Hunter had to be yielded to to secuie the adoption of the much enlargement of the j Free List, so as to inolude wool and some other raw material, end tha drugs and dyes employed in manulaetaring, as contempla ted in the House bill of Mr. Campbell, as well as to remove all danger of a mischiev ous redundancy in the public tieesury. The general arrangement of the modification of! the schedules is thus: Old Rate, 100 40 30 25 20 IS 10 5 Free. J A BCDKFGH I ; New Rate, 30 30 24 19 15 12 8 4 Free. The following leading articles are reduced as here specified: In Schedule Afiom 100 to 3 0 per cent. , Brandies, Cordials, Gin, Liqueurs, Ab sytithe, Curacoa, Arrack, Maraschino, Other Spirits. In Schedule Bfrom 40 to 30 per cod. All wine* in wood, Manof. Tobacco, Ci gars, Champagnes, Ebony, Cut Glaes. In Schedule C fjom 30 to 24 per tent, Silks, Fine Woollens, Firearms, Copper Ware, Cutlery, Laces of Meul, Paper Fab rics. Cheese. Iron. Iron Fahrios. Combe, Clothing, Jewelry, GlasdWare, Chi k neij Ware, Wine, bottled, Ale and Beer, Su gars, Syrups, Molasses, Embroideries, Tin Frabrics, Carpeting. In Schedule B from 25 to 19 per cetit. Flannel*, Bareges, Yarns, Cotton Laces, Mohair, Malting, Fsbiics of Hair, Cotion Prints, Feathers, Floor Clothe, Cordage, Worsted Goods. In Schedule D from 20 to 15 per cen' Lineus, Other Flax Good#, O ls, Cotton Hosiery, Hempen Goods, Paper and Period!- csde, Paper Hangings. In Schedule Efrom 15 to 12'ykr tent. Tow of Hemp, Tin Plates, Steel in Bar*, Tow of Flax, Brimstone, Silver Leaf, Gold Leaf, H.x Unmanuf., Diamonds. Mr. Campbell slated in hit explanation : "The House Committee yielded to the amendment of the Senate which proposed a reduction of the higher schedules to thirty per cent., and in lb* compromise of the mat ter tkey have procured tuManhally their free litt by yielding some immaterial points in tbit respect." Bark the Uypocrites! A bill for the admission of Minnesota as a Slate liaß recently passed the House at Wash ington, by a vote of 97 to 75. TWENTY SEVEN Northern "freedom sliriekers" voted against this bill for (lie admission of a FREE Siate, while TWELVE Southern Democrats voted for it! If these twelve Southern mem bers had voted with these twenty-seven "freedom thriekera," the bill would have been defeated. Thus the admission of a new free Stata is due to those Soatbern members. These canting hypocrites of the North are constantly denouncing the South ern people as endeavoring to foren slavery into free territory, while Southern members vole for the admission of a free Stata against the persistant efforts of these hypocrites to defeat it. Messtt. Aiken of South Carolina, Clingntan of Norlb Carolina, Cobb of Geor gia, Bocock of Virginia, and other promi nent men, voted for this bill, while tbree Massachusetts member, three from Connecti cut, lliree from Ohio, five from New York, seven from Pennsylvania, and others voted against it. Such is Ibe sinoerity of these freedom shrieking demagogues—constantly bawling in behalf of freedom and then vo ting against the admission of a free Slate! iy The residence of Mr. J. F. Yost, in Lewiaburg, WHS destroyed by fire on Wed needay evening last. Insured in lite Lock Haven Company. Cofrx*.—The value of lite imporle of coffee into the United States, is 816,000,000 annually, or one-seventh of all the import* of the country. A LARUE Co#PA(fy.—the number of pas senger* carried by all the railroads of the United States during 1856 waa 74,000,060. FROZEN TO DEATU —TWO hundred persons are raid to have bee a frozen to death in the Uqjted Stairs during the present winter. | Court In the H W*HiNoro, March 6. Ba opinißfcf the Supreme Conit in ilia Dk Scott (Me, was delivered today by CMMJuslic Jpuey. It was a full and elab orate statement oT she views of the Court.— ThOy fiavd decided the following all impor tant fhetl.er slaves or free, that is, men of the African race, are not citizens of the United Slates by the Consliiutiog.. Seapml-Tiat tlrt ordi nance of 1787* Had no iridepertpent consiitu lienal tame ui Ifl ittwwbwsq—wtty <■ the adnption of the Constitution, and could not operate of itself to confer Ireedom or citi nenahip within rhe NonhftvdM Territory, on negroea not citixens by the CobWWtgoe— Third, that the provision of the act of 1820, cpmmonly called die Missouy Compromise, in ao fat at it undertook |q exclude negro slavery from, end communicate freedom aud citizenship to nogioee in the northern part of the Louiliana cession, was a Legislative act exceeding the powers of Congress and "void," and of no legal effect to that end. In deckling these mam peir.ta the Supreme Court determined the following incidental points : Fust—Tho expression "Territory and other property" ol the union i the Constitution, applies, ' in terms only, to anch territory as the Union possessed at the time of die adop tion of the Constitution. Second—The rights of citizens of tha United States, emigrating into any Federal Territory, and the power of the federal Government there, depend on the general provisions of the Constitution, which defines in this, as in all other re spects, the powir of Congress. Third—As Congress does not possess power itself to make enactments relative to thb persons or property of citizens of the United States in in fsderal terrl'ory, other than such as the Constitution confers, so it csntiot constitu tionally delegate any such powers to* Terri torial Government organized by it under (ho Constitution. Fonrth—The legal condition of a stare in the State of Missouri is not ef fected by the temporary sojourn of such slave in any other State, but on his rstnrn, his con dition still depends on the laws of Missouri. As the plaintiff was not a citizen of Missou ri, and therefore could not sue in the Courts of the Uuited Slates, (he suit roust be dis missed for want of jurisdiction. Tha delivery of this opinion occupied about three hours, and it was listened to with profound attention by a crowded Court room. Amoug the auditors were roanygon lle.uon of eminent legal ability, and s doe proportion of ladies. Justice Nelson stated tha merits of tho esse, the question being whether or not tha removal of Scott from Missouri with his master to Illinois, with a view of temporary residence, worked his emancipation. He maintained that the question depended solely an the lew iff Missouri, aud for that reason (lie judgment of the Court below should be affirmed. Justice Catron believed die Supreme Court has jurisdiction to decide the merits of the case. He argued that Congress could not do directly what n could nqt do indirectly. If it could exclude one species of property could another, with rof?*.t io a .h Tsffiiv ■ ties ceded. Congress could govern them only with the restriction* of the Slates, which ce ded them, and the Missouri Act of 1820, violated the leadiug features of the Consti tution, an.l was thereforo void. He concur . red with itis brother Judges that Scott it a slave, aud was so when lite suit was brought. Several other of the Judgei are to deliver their views to-morrow. lit The Printers are looking up. It is ■ fact highly gratifying to the typographical fraternity that some of the highest political honors in Pennsylvania have been confer red upon the craft. Both U. 8. Senators, Gov. Bigler and Gen. Cameron, started in life as printers. The present nominee ot j the Democrats for Governor, Wm. K. Pack er, is a printer; the nominee for Canal Commissioner, Judge Strickland, is a mem ber of the editorial fraternity; the notnineo for the Supreme Bench, Judge Lewis, used to stick type; the Speakor of the Heuso, Mr. Getz, is editor and proprietor of tho Reading Gazette. The printers and editors, if they don't get rich, at least come in for a largo share of the honors. RATIFICATION MEETING IN WILLUMSPORT. Upon tlie receipt of the news in Williams port,, last Tuesday evening, of tho nomina tion of Gon. William F„Packer, for Govern or, a meeting of the citizens of Lycoming was held in the Court House, for the pur pose of ratifying the nomination. Hon. A. Woodward presided, and addresses woro delivered by Clinton Lloyd and Goo. White, Esqrs., and Hon. C. D. Eldrod. The "Ly coming Gazette" says the Court House was filled with friends of Gen. Packer, irrespect ive of parly, and the meeting passed off amid groat enthusiasm. SCRAKTON, Pa.—Thsre is about $10,000,000 invested in Coal operation* in and about this place, aod about 40,000 ton* of eoal h rh monthly product. iv Theie are in the English language 20,500 nouns, 40 pronouns, 9,200 adjectives, 8,000 verbs, 69 interjections, &c. In all there are about 40,000 words. EP"Tbe highest salary of a Governor of any Slate in the Union it'petd in California, 810,000; and the low eat w Vermont, s7so— pay* $8,000; Virginia, SB,OOO, and Ntw York, $4 000. QT Withamsport was lighted with gae on Tuesday nijbl, for the first lime. " HOLLOHAT'S Pius.—When the complex ion assumes a sallow appearance, and the whiles of the eyes are nhged with yellow, thefa is mischieT at work in the liver. A dose of two of the Pills will then arrest the progress ot the disease, and save much pain and trouble; but should the malady have reached a more dangerous si age, and taken the shape of bilious fever orjanndice, and the functions of the stomach nave become disordered, a course of Ibe remedy may be uecessery., Toe cure is merely a question Of time, toe however violent the symptoms may be, howevCr long the patient may have suffered, this potent remedy Will marilably produce the desired effect if admin itred iq accordance with the direction*.
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