AGRICUITURAIi. AGRICULTURAL. At a meeting of the Now Jersey Agricul tural Society, held in Princeton on the 23d ult. Robert E. Horner, Esq. from a com mittee on the subject, made the following Report. ON RUST AND MILDEW. Your commilteo in their endeavor to in vestigate the subject of mildew and rust on wheat, and what may bs in some measure preventives, will firstjpresent to your con sideration some circumstances which have occurred under our observation, to show (hat it is not in the power of us short-sighted mortals, with aut puny arm, to contend against the over ruling providence of God: occurrences arise which ate not in tho pow er of mar. to foresee, govern, or control. In confirmation of this view of the subject wo present the following cases. One of our farmers had an extraordinary piece of wheat, which ho thought out of danger, it was so near ripe. On a very hot clay, between the hours of one and three 6clock,thero came a small cloud over which completely drenched the field of wheat. A tleath-liko stillness succeeded: the cloud passed away: the sun shone intensely hot. The owner in this slato of the case, wont to examine the wheat, as it was much pressed down by the shower;he immediate ly observed a conlinoal ticking, or snapping noise in every direction in the wheat. The straw was fine and bright, but upon exami nation he perceived it bursting in short splits of a fourth of an inch long, and the sap exuding in thousands of places. A day or two after, the whole field was darRened with rust and the wheat of very little value. It does not appear that these circumstances take place while the wheat is glowing, but only at this crtticaUstate of ripening. On my neighoW White's farm some years since was one of the hcavest pieces of wheat straw I ever saw, remarkably fine and nearly ripe. I Jiad also a good piece advancing fast to maturity, on a close warm morning, a small cloud of fog srose from the meadow and gradually covered the two fields, but was not a general fog: being very still it remained hoveriug over the fields until the hot sun dissipated the vapor. Being acquainted with the above case, I was alarmed for the wheat and watched over it with deep interest. When the sun had somewhat dried the straw, and warmed it, the straw began to burst with a continual ticking noise, the sap exuding at all these iittfeipjjlsr In a day or two tho fields were back, with rust except some small spjits. which are worthy of notice. An sera t two of mino was so near ripe .thai the wheat was.tolcrable good, and tho rust TVt.:.D CM it...,. ... I. "-. ...i" .- " o nciu mjgig ncio auilio licca WillUIl Kept the intense heat of the sun from the straw; there was tolerable wheat, also; The rest of the fields would scarcely pay for gathering and threshing. A question of impoitance arises on these two cases. Was this injury a fungus, the very fine seeds of which float about and attach themselves to the straw, as somo of our learned Agricultural writers tell us, or is it the sap of the straw that ran out and was dried on the straw, and was reddish or black according to its stato of ripeness or fullness of sap! Your committee are decidedly of the opinion that tho sap being lost at this criti cal time of ripening is the true cause of the shrinking of the grain. Some of our most judicious Agricultural writers have taught us that the leaves of Indian corn above the ear cannot be taken .off at the time of ripening, without detri ment to the corn.causing it to shrink in the grain. Your committee made an experiment on this case, when the corn was nearly ripe stripping some rows, and leave others, 'Over several acres. At husking time it "was evident that on the rows that were .-stripped, many of tho ears wero consider able shrurtk in the grain, so much so as to -be loose on the cob, the ears on the rows that wero not stripped showing in the most eatisfactory manner the damqgo sustained 'by removing the leaves above the ears. Your commttte think they are fully sus 'tained in their conclusion on tho wheat, by the parallel ease of injury sustained bv the corn in the removal of the Jeaves,which at this critical timo has the only nourish ment to sustain the com in ripening. So of the wheat straw; the bottom is dead in a great degree, but from tho upper joint to "the top.is full of nourishment to sustain the wild, in njjuiiiug, ana mis is the part mat sutlers ttie loss of sap. The under pan 01 tne straw is npe.and passed through the state in which it can suffer loss, and we ouen nna u- ongut and lough at -the bottom, when tho top will scarcely make a i nese iwo cases tully demonstrate the 'impossibility of any manapempm in ., fill j . power of man, always to insure a crop of w. egaiiioi me ucBirucuve eliects of iuoi. ici a Kinu rioviuence has left us so many means by which wo may reduce fhtfl Inns, antl ,n enmn mnnn... .... . , ... uu,Uu measure approach 40 this very desirable security, that they are worthy of our attentive consideration, -.and jiuciiuai experiment. MilrtAtir 1 11 1 iiii ........... ..... IUo orp mWe common now iimu ueiore tiiai oestractive scourge, the Hessian fly, appeared in this State? Pre vious to tint timo tbe wheat was sawn u, Augusi, ana the first of Septem ber, tillered largely, obtained great slreagfn of roots, and was to produco strong, bright straw, with but few leaves, the consequence of which was but, little mildew and, rust. Tho fly iiavihg totally cut ofl" tho wheat, put tho farmeis on many schemes to meet this ruinous onemy. .Among tho experi ments tried, manuring 'high just at seed lime, and sowing late, was much depended on. J3 nt disappointment frequently followed from mildew or rust. As tho wheat was often sown late in October it ought to have had three bushels of seed to tho acie, in stead ofthrco pecks, or one bushel, tho usual quantity then sown. Being sown so late tho plants had no timo (o tiller, or mul tiply and strengthen their roots and stalks; of course the winter weakened and thinned tho plants, which made tho wheat still later in the season; and when highly manured tho straw was full of leaves, very succulent, usually mildewed, and almost certainly rusted -of course, crop of small value. At this difficult timo of obtaining a small lot of wheat, ono of your committee in a conversation with an Englishman who then was a very successful raiser of wheat on Pcnn's Manor, fully stated the difficulties as above narrated. He considerately replied, that thero appeared to 1)0 two prominant errors in tho then practice the manuring so late, and sowing so little seed. Ques. What injury by late manuring! Ans. Apt to make tho straw very suc culent and full of leaves, Ques. What quanity of seed ought to bo BownT Ans. Increase the quantity till it fully occupies tho ground, making the straw fine and but few leaves. This short history of tho difficulties and means made use of to obtain a small lot of wheat immediately after the fly came, your committee thought might be of use in furth er examining tho subject. It shows tho progress wo have made at the present lime in better cultivation, earlier manuring, ear lier sowing, and doubling the quantity ol seed sown. .First Means. The means of prevention first a good dry, loamy soil, well pie pared by cultivation, not loo recently man ured, that by cultivation there may bo a good assimilation of manure to soil, the more complete the better. Cover the seed about two inches deep, cither with drill or plow, that it may have a good hold of tbe soil, and not bs thrown out by winter frosts. Second Means:- Quantity of seed sown must depend on the judgment of the far mer. The strength of tho soil, the size of grains, fcc. must be taken into considera tion. The grains of some wheal arc al most as long again as some others, and somo kinds tiller moro than others; at any rate let tho ground be fully occupied that no weeds or trash occupy the ground and fill arid of course, rust. Such thin places, by unequal sowing, were observable in some fields this year, by Iheir dingy or rusty appearance; whereas, tho rest of the land sown was bright and good. Jime o sowing. As early sown wheat produces the strongest straw and fewest leaves, and not so liable to bo laid with wet nor so apt to be thrown out of tho ground by winter frosts, these reasons recommend it as preventive to rust. At whit parliclar time wheat ought to be sown to escape both fly and rust, is not easy to settle, but should the fly ceaso its depredations, early in Sept. say from the 18th to tha 20th, would bo advisable, for the various reason assigned above. The late sown wheat sometimes succeeds under particular cultivation and soil; still the chances against it are as ten to ono. Kindof Wheat. In a former communica tion your committee recommended the Mediterranean wheat as most safe. Hither to the fly has not touched. It has tho same character at the south, as we see by tho Farmer's Register being untouched there. This is strongly in its favor. It is also less liable to rust than any kind we aro acquain ted witli. Hut other kinds may offer, and upon trial he round preferable to the Med uerranean. i ne uoiuenrocx now upon trial may offer somo advantages. It has strong, short straws, not so liable to get down by wet as some olhor kinds, and said to be excellent for flouring. Means of Improvement. We see abroad in the lands and around us, among tho armors, a more certain means of improve ment man any thing yrur committee can offer. A spirit of enquiry; a wakeful ambition to meet the difficulties of their profession; a desire to obtain Mia best seeds to proauce me best quality and greatest quantity of their various products, this, my inencB, is mo surest rounuation oi all per manent improvement. Tlieso hitherto dorment faculties, if kept aroused and active well produco results in ten years from this iiiiiu, uui win surpise us an, tor we are vill persuaded that New Jersey is capable producing four-fold what tho lands now produces. ihii season the Mediterranean wlidat has rusted in some fields and in somo snots in others, in my own field, the -cold, damp, and thin spots, wero somewhat ruslyjupon the whole a good crop, and quite as free tram rust as the white wheal. The Apalacicola (Fa.)Journal states that on the 2d and Ctli of August a frost was experienced sufficient to make quite an impression upon lh corn. That's .vary , or irgsi to rar aouth. COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT. Bioomsbduo, September 3. COLUMBIA COUNTY DEMOCRATIC Delegate Conrcniion The undersigned Democratic Standing Committee of Columbia coUntv,4jQkin into consideration the distracted situatfStrbf the Democratic party in consequenco of the excited state of the people, arising, out of tho constant agitation of the local "question, and believing no bettei way can be devised, by which it can bo settled, without an acj of the Legislature, tlian to allow each party to the question, to havo their candidates for the Legislature, and for county officers, brought forward separately and distinctly upon this question alone, recommend the holding of no county convention of tho whole democratic parly ol the county, but thai each portion of the democratic parly to the local question, be requested to hold separate and distinct county conventions, & that they meet at the usual places of hold ing general elections in each district, on Sat urday, the 27th of August, inst. between tho hours of 2 and 6 o'clock P. M, and elect the usual number of delegate favorable to tho views ol each party in tho local question to meet at the house of Enoch Howell, in Bloomsburg, on the Monday following, at 12 o, clock, noon; in separate and distinct conventions to place in nomina tion tickets favorable to tho views of each, that the question may be fairly tried, and thus secure in future, harmony and good feeling in the democratic ranks. Al. FORNWALD. HENRY WEBB, JOHN LAZARUS. Democratic Standing Committee of boiumota county. August 10, 1842. In pursuance of the above call of tho Democratic Standing Committee, delegates from the several townships and election districts in the county, elected by the RE MOVAL and Anil- Division portion of the Democratic party, assembled at the house of Enoch Howell.in Bloojisburg, on Mon day, August 29th, 1842, and organised by calling to the chair Stephen Baldy, Esq. of Catlawissa, James C. Sproul, Esq. of Derry, and Isaiah Salmon, Esq. of Brier Creek, as Vice Presidents, and George W. Morris, of Greenwood, and Jesse Coleman of Orange, sb Secretaries. On motion the townships were called oyer.in Alphabetical order, and the follow ing delegates appco.ana prouuttu ,.,, credentials. Bloom L. B. Ruperl, H. Webb. Drier Creek I. Salmon, L. Dieterich Catlawissa Stephen Baldy, O. D.Leib Derry J. Biddle, J. C. Sproul. Fishing Creek J. Lazarus, T. Hutchi son. Greenwood James Dewilt.G.W Morris: Hemlock T. J. VantTerslice, M. G. Shoemaker. Jackson Iram Derr, Wm. Kelly. Liberty A. B. Cumings.L.S. Steinraan. Limestone J Derr, Henry Dye. Madison T A Funston, J Ketner. Mifflin 0 Muss, John Keller, jr. Monteur J Dieterich, P Rupert. Mahoning T Lloyd, P Wickorsharu, Orange D Fornwald, J Coleman. Paxton C Shuman, J Gensel. Roaring Creek M R Hower, J Bar inger. Sugarloaf John McIIenry, A Young, Esq. Mt. Pleasant Wm. Howell, John Morden, jr. Valley Delegates from Valley township appeared but having no credentials, and failing to produco any proof of their election, were not admitted, The following resolutions wero now in troduced and unanimously passed by accla relation. Resolved That wo consider tho division of Columbia county as a moasure fraught with incalculable evils to tho citizens ol the county generally, and vould almost de stroy the prosperity of those townships pro posed to be stricken off, while but a few speculators in Danville and Berwick would bo benefitted thereby. Resolved That as there appears to bo a determination on the part of the two ex tremes to cut and carve up the county to benefit their own private interest regardless of the general good, every well wisher to the prosperity of tho county should unite in pressing tho removal question to effect, as the only means of preventing the division in en from affecting their reckless project. Resolved That as the members of this convention havo been elected as opposed to 'Division, and inavcr of (hi Removal of ih acl of jasllco of iheoounly,' aid 10 oarrjr out tho wishes 6rour constituents, we will not place In nomination for tho Assembly any candidate who is not an open, uncom promising advocate of our views upon these two questions. On motion names of candidates wero placed before the convention for nomination to wit: Daniel Snyder and Clurles F. Mann. Upon tho namo of Mr. Mann being men tioned, the President read tho following letter from him, which was received by the contention and spectators present, with groat applause. Bloomsburo Aug. 20, 1842. Chairman of the Democratic County Con vention. Dear Sir : My friends havo thought proper to propose me as a candidate to represent Columbia county in tho Legislatutc of this stato although I am under obligations to those friends for their good opinion and wishes, I do not wish you to consider mo as a candidalo before tho democratic remo val convention this day, but hope your body may be united; and select such candi dales as will units tho wliolo removal friends. Very respectively, yours. CHARLES F.MANN. The name of Mr.Mann being withdrawn there remained no other candidates before the convention for nomination but Daniel Snyder, whereupon, on motion DANIEL SNYDER, was nominated by acclamation, as a candi date for Assembly. On motion the convention proceeded to nominate candidates for Com mis ioncr, and tho following names were introduced. John B. Edgar, Wm. J. Ikeler, John McWilliams. Upon tho name of Mr. Edgar, being mentioned, the following letter from him was read. Oranoe, Aug 29 ,1842. I understand that an expression of scnti ment is asked from me with regard to the local question. Therefore that neither par ty may be deceived, I teli you, Gentlemen my santimonts have never changed, I am in favor of a removal and against a division. JOHN B. EDGAR. On motion tho convention proceeded to ballot for a candidate for Commissioner which resulted as follows: jonn u. uugar had 31 votes Wm. J. Ikeler 2 John McWilliams l Whereupon John B. Edgar was declared duly nominated. On motion tho convention proceeded to tho nomination of an Auditor which resulted as follows : Johnstop Ikeler had 20 votes Samuel Kisncr 14 The President therefore declared John ston Ikeler duly nominated. On motion the convention then procecdod to the nomination of a candidate for Pro thonotary, and Jacob Eyerly, was declared unanimously nominated. The name of Robert B. Sproul, and Charles Connor having been brought before the convention, as candidates for Register & Recorder, the following letter from Mr. Connor was introduced by tho President. Aug. 29, 1842. To Stephen Baldy, Esq.. President of the Removal Convention. DejrSir I understand that objections aro made against me on the ground that I reside at Danville, and am noi friendly to removal. It is therefore but right for rne to say.that although I do reside in Danville, ii although I feel very friendly towards iho inhabitants for their unifoiin Kindness to me, still being a nalivo of Brier Creek, where my relativos and interest are, that has by no means, altered my opinion as to the propriety of removing the seal of justice I have always been and am still friendly to removal. Yours most Respectfully, CHARLES CONNER. On motion, tho convention proceeded to tho nomination of Register & Recorder and the first ballot resulted as follows : Robert B. Sproul had 19 voles, Charters Conner 18 Thero being 38 delegates present, and as R. B. Sproul had not a majority of all the delegates another ballotting was ordered, which resulted as follows : Charles Conner had 20 votes; Robert B, Sproul JT TIu8rourion,6hac4 Conner waa declared duly nominated. , 1 On molion,tho following gentlemen were appointed standing committee for tho ensu ing year. Stephen Baldy,James O.Sproul, Daniel Foruwald, Charles F. Mann and Charles Kahler. Tho following resolution was then inlro. duccd and passod with acclamation. Resolved That this convention, in pla cing tho namo of Daniel Snyder before tho peoplo of tho county, as a candidato for ihc Legislature, pledged as ho is by his acts in the Legislature, opposed to division and in favor of removal, aro but carrying out tho positive instructions of our constituents- and wo confidently ask for him tho support of every man in the county who is friendly to removal, and opposed to division, not only upon the grounds of his worth as a citizen, but that whilo they are sustaining him, they aro approving his course in iho last Legislature upon tho local question, and voting directly against divi sion, & in favor of romoval, a measure which our opponents refused to have'submitledj to their decision by an act of tho Legisla ture. On motion, it was Resolved That tho thanks of this con vention are duo to Charles F. Mann, Esq: for the honorablo and high minded stand which he has assumed in withdrawing his namo as a candidate lor nomination to the Assembly, thus proving that ho has the welfare of the removal more at hoirt than his own advancement to office. On motion, it was Al(.OI(llti nut una UUtlf uiiuuii viuw with regret and cannotbut condemn in Iho strongest language, the lato attempt of tho Danville people, to displace from the office of Supervisor on Ihe North Branch Canal, John MuRcynolds.for no other reason than because ho is an advocate of the removal question in the county, and wo trust that the Canal CommisBioneis will never dis continue an efficient, worthy good officer, against whom no real grounds of complaint pun tin mrnln. mnrolv al tlto tnollrrnlinn nf n reckless faction, whoso only obiect is to I make capital for their party to a local ques lion in a county. Rssolved Tint wo pledge oursolres individually and collectively, to sustain tli ticket, this day formed, not only becauss tho candidates are every way worthy of our support, but because, by so doing, we sus lain a measure which is of more important, to the welfare ahd future prosperity of tha county, than the election of any particular man can possibly be. Resolved That the proceedings of this convention be signed by the officers, and that all the papois in the county be request ed to publish them, and also the papers st Harnsburg. STKPHEN BALDY, President. James C. Sproul, ? . , , !,,. k. ' e Vice Presidents George IV. Morris, Jest Coleman, Secretaries. For the Coln-nbia Democrat. Tho time has come fellow citizens.whettl it behooves the friends of the removal ques tion in Columbia county to speak in sucbl language that there will be no room lefi toj doubt, by either the advocates or opposersl of tho removal question, what is the truol policy of the inhabitants of this county.-l It is now nearly thirty years since a rerao-l val of the county seat has been coughlforl in this county, and for nearly thai win lime, I havo watched, with untiring ze the course pursued by each party. I sli not mention the names of tho different p- sons who have represented this county h the state Legislature, but I shall mention ' fact, which cannot be controverted, whichl is, that the politics of this county, for yea", were swayed by the Montgomery family i Danville, and it was alone through theirl influence, that tho county scat was first lo cated at Danville, and that mainly through! misrepresentation, by representing all 'l upper part of the county as being an unin j habited tract of country and consequently J was most convenionl to nlaco tho coumjl soul In ono corner of the county,at the poit' where the most inhabitants were. For tlii purpose the committee to select tho site for tho county seat were to meet at Milton. When behold that part of the commit from the upper end of the county pursuing an holiest cause, goes to Milton, but W'l Monlgomerv. with a few friends ta"1 cross tho ridge to Northumberland, "i thoro, before Iho parly which liadgona Milton could havo any knowledge of M'l Montgomery and bis friends, they hsd aiej
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