AGRICUITURAIi.
AGRICULTURAL.
At a meeting of the Now Jersey Agricul
tural Society, held in Princeton on the 23d
ult. Robert E. Horner, Esq. from a com
mittee on the subject, made the following
Report.
ON RUST AND MILDEW.
Your commilteo in their endeavor to in
vestigate the subject of mildew and rust on
wheat, and what may bs in some measure
preventives, will firstjpresent to your con
sideration some circumstances which have
occurred under our observation, to show
(hat it is not in the power of us short-sighted
mortals, with aut puny arm, to contend
against the over ruling providence of God:
occurrences arise which ate not in tho pow
er of mar. to foresee, govern, or control.
In confirmation of this view of the subject
wo present the following cases.
One of our farmers had an extraordinary
piece of wheat, which ho thought out of
danger, it was so near ripe. On a very hot
clay, between the hours of one and three
6clock,thero came a small cloud over which
completely drenched the field of wheat. A
tleath-liko stillness succeeded: the cloud
passed away: the sun shone intensely hot.
The owner in this slato of the case, wont
to examine the wheat, as it was much
pressed down by the shower;he immediate
ly observed a conlinoal ticking, or snapping
noise in every direction in the wheat. The
straw was fine and bright, but upon exami
nation he perceived it bursting in short
splits of a fourth of an inch long, and the
sap exuding in thousands of places. A day
or two after, the whole field was darRened
with rust and the wheat of very little value.
It does not appear that these circumstances
take place while the wheat is glowing, but
only at this crtticaUstate of ripening.
On my neighoW White's farm some
years since was one of the hcavest pieces of
wheat straw I ever saw, remarkably fine
and nearly ripe. I Jiad also a good piece
advancing fast to maturity, on a close warm
morning, a small cloud of fog srose from
the meadow and gradually covered the two
fields, but was not a general fog: being
very still it remained hoveriug over the
fields until the hot sun dissipated the vapor.
Being acquainted with the above case, I
was alarmed for the wheat and watched
over it with deep interest. When the sun
had somewhat dried the straw, and warmed
it, the straw began to burst with a continual
ticking noise, the sap exuding at all these
iittfeipjjlsr In a day or two tho fields
were back, with rust except some small
spjits. which are worthy of notice. An
sera t two of mino was so near ripe .thai
the wheat was.tolcrable good, and tho rust
TVt.:.D CM it...,. ... I. "-. ...i" .-
" o nciu mjgig ncio auilio licca WillUIl
Kept the intense heat of the sun from the
straw; there was tolerable wheat, also;
The rest of the fields would scarcely pay
for gathering and threshing.
A question of impoitance arises on these
two cases. Was this injury a fungus, the
very fine seeds of which float about and
attach themselves to the straw, as somo of
our learned Agricultural writers tell us, or
is it the sap of the straw that ran out and
was dried on the straw, and was reddish or
black according to its stato of ripeness or
fullness of sap!
Your committee are decidedly of the
opinion that tho sap being lost at this criti
cal time of ripening is the true cause of the
shrinking of the grain.
Some of our most judicious Agricultural
writers have taught us that the leaves of
Indian corn above the ear cannot be taken
.off at the time of ripening, without detri
ment to the corn.causing it to shrink in the
grain.
Your committee made an experiment on
this case, when the corn was nearly ripe
stripping some rows, and leave others,
'Over several acres. At husking time it
"was evident that on the rows that were
.-stripped, many of tho ears wero consider
able shrurtk in the grain, so much so as to
-be loose on the cob, the ears on the rows
that wero not stripped showing in the most
eatisfactory manner the damqgo sustained
'by removing the leaves above the ears.
Your commttte think they are fully sus
'tained in their conclusion on tho wheat, by
the parallel ease of injury sustained bv
the corn in the removal of the Jeaves,which
at this critical timo has the only nourish
ment to sustain the com in ripening. So
of the wheat straw; the bottom is dead in a
great degree, but from tho upper joint to
"the top.is full of nourishment to sustain the
wild, in njjuiiiug, ana mis is the part
mat sutlers ttie loss of sap. The under
pan 01 tne straw is npe.and passed through
the state in which it can suffer loss, and
we ouen nna u- ongut and lough at -the
bottom, when tho top will scarcely make a
i nese iwo cases tully demonstrate the
'impossibility of any manapempm in .,
fill j .
power of man, always to insure a crop of
w. egaiiioi me ucBirucuve eliects of
iuoi. ici a Kinu rioviuence has left us
so many means by which wo may reduce
fhtfl Inns, antl ,n enmn mnnn...
.... . , ... uu,Uu measure approach 40
this very desirable security, that they are
worthy of our attentive consideration, -.and
jiuciiuai experiment.
MilrtAtir 1 11 1 iiii
........... ..... IUo orp mWe common now
iimu ueiore tiiai oestractive scourge, the
Hessian fly, appeared in this State? Pre
vious to tint timo tbe wheat was sawn
u, Augusi, ana the first of Septem
ber, tillered largely, obtained great slreagfn
of roots, and was to produco strong, bright
straw, with but few leaves, the consequence
of which was but, little mildew and, rust.
Tho fly iiavihg totally cut ofl" tho wheat,
put tho farmeis on many schemes to meet
this ruinous onemy. .Among tho experi
ments tried, manuring 'high just at seed
lime, and sowing late, was much depended
on. J3 nt disappointment frequently followed
from mildew or rust. As tho wheat was
often sown late in October it ought to have
had three bushels of seed to tho acie, in
stead ofthrco pecks, or one bushel, tho
usual quantity then sown. Being sown so
late tho plants had no timo (o tiller, or mul
tiply and strengthen their roots and stalks;
of course the winter weakened and thinned
tho plants, which made tho wheat still later
in the season; and when highly manured
tho straw was full of leaves, very succulent,
usually mildewed, and almost certainly
rusted -of course, crop of small value.
At this difficult timo of obtaining a small
lot of wheat, ono of your committee in a
conversation with an Englishman who then
was a very successful raiser of wheat on
Pcnn's Manor, fully stated the difficulties
as above narrated. He considerately replied,
that thero appeared to 1)0 two prominant
errors in tho then practice the manuring
so late, and sowing so little seed.
Ques. What injury by late manuring!
Ans. Apt to make tho straw very suc
culent and full of leaves,
Ques. What quanity of seed ought to bo
BownT
Ans. Increase the quantity till it fully
occupies tho ground, making the straw
fine and but few leaves.
This short history of tho difficulties and
means made use of to obtain a small lot of
wheat immediately after the fly came, your
committee thought might be of use in furth
er examining tho subject. It shows tho
progress wo have made at the present lime
in better cultivation, earlier manuring, ear
lier sowing, and doubling the quantity ol
seed sown.
.First Means. The means of prevention
first a good dry, loamy soil, well pie
pared by cultivation, not loo recently man
ured, that by cultivation there may bo a
good assimilation of manure to soil, the
more complete the better. Cover the seed
about two inches deep, cither with drill or
plow, that it may have a good hold of tbe
soil, and not bs thrown out by winter
frosts.
Second Means:- Quantity of seed sown
must depend on the judgment of the far
mer. The strength of tho soil, the size of
grains, fcc. must be taken into considera
tion. The grains of some wheal arc al
most as long again as some others, and somo
kinds tiller moro than others; at any rate
let tho ground be fully occupied that no
weeds or trash occupy the ground and fill
arid of course, rust. Such thin places, by
unequal sowing, were observable in some
fields this year, by Iheir dingy or rusty
appearance; whereas, tho rest of the land
sown was bright and good.
Jime o sowing. As early sown wheat
produces the strongest straw and fewest
leaves, and not so liable to bo laid with wet
nor so apt to be thrown out of tho ground
by winter frosts, these reasons recommend
it as preventive to rust.
At whit parliclar time wheat ought to be
sown to escape both fly and rust, is not
easy to settle, but should the fly ceaso its
depredations, early in Sept. say from the
18th to tha 20th, would bo advisable, for
the various reason assigned above. The
late sown wheat sometimes succeeds under
particular cultivation and soil; still the
chances against it are as ten to ono.
Kindof Wheat. In a former communica
tion your committee recommended the
Mediterranean wheat as most safe. Hither
to the fly has not touched. It has tho same
character at the south, as we see by tho
Farmer's Register being untouched there.
This is strongly in its favor. It is also less
liable to rust than any kind we aro acquain
ted witli. Hut other kinds may offer, and
upon trial he round preferable to the Med
uerranean. i ne uoiuenrocx now upon
trial may offer somo advantages. It has
strong, short straws, not so liable to
get down by wet as some olhor kinds, and
said to be excellent for flouring.
Means of Improvement. We see abroad
in the lands and around us, among tho
armors, a more certain means of improve
ment man any thing yrur committee can
offer. A spirit of enquiry; a wakeful
ambition to meet the difficulties of their
profession; a desire to obtain Mia best seeds
to proauce me best quality and greatest
quantity of their various products, this, my
inencB, is mo surest rounuation oi all per
manent improvement. Tlieso hitherto
dorment faculties, if kept aroused and active
well produco results in ten years from this
iiiiiu, uui win surpise us an, tor we are
vill persuaded that New Jersey is capable
producing four-fold what tho lands now
produces.
ihii season the Mediterranean wlidat
has rusted in some fields and in somo snots
in others, in my own field, the -cold, damp,
and thin spots, wero somewhat ruslyjupon
the whole a good crop, and quite as free
tram rust as the white wheal.
The Apalacicola (Fa.)Journal states that
on the 2d and Ctli of August a frost was
experienced sufficient to make quite an
impression upon lh corn. That's .vary
, or irgsi to rar aouth.
COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT.
Bioomsbduo, September 3.
COLUMBIA COUNTY
DEMOCRATIC
Delegate Conrcniion
The undersigned Democratic Standing
Committee of Columbia coUntv,4jQkin into
consideration the distracted situatfStrbf the
Democratic party in consequenco of the
excited state of the people, arising, out of
tho constant agitation of the local "question,
and believing no bettei way can be devised,
by which it can bo settled, without an acj
of the Legislature, tlian to allow each party
to the question, to havo their candidates for
the Legislature, and for county officers,
brought forward separately and distinctly
upon this question alone, recommend the
holding of no county convention of tho
whole democratic parly ol the county, but
thai each portion of the democratic parly to
the local question, be requested to hold
separate and distinct county conventions, &
that they meet at the usual places of hold
ing general elections in each district, on Sat
urday, the 27th of August, inst. between
tho hours of 2 and 6 o'clock P. M, and
elect the usual number of delegate favorable
to tho views ol each party in tho local
question to meet at the house of Enoch
Howell, in Bloomsburg, on the Monday
following, at 12 o, clock, noon; in separate
and distinct conventions to place in nomina
tion tickets favorable to tho views of each,
that the question may be fairly tried, and
thus secure in future, harmony and good
feeling in the democratic ranks.
Al. FORNWALD.
HENRY WEBB,
JOHN LAZARUS.
Democratic Standing Committee of
boiumota county.
August 10, 1842.
In pursuance of the above call of tho
Democratic Standing Committee, delegates
from the several townships and election
districts in the county, elected by the RE
MOVAL and Anil- Division portion of the
Democratic party, assembled at the house
of Enoch Howell.in Bloojisburg, on Mon
day, August 29th, 1842, and organised by
calling to the chair Stephen Baldy, Esq. of
Catlawissa, James C. Sproul, Esq. of
Derry, and Isaiah Salmon, Esq. of Brier
Creek, as Vice Presidents, and George W.
Morris, of Greenwood, and Jesse Coleman
of Orange, sb Secretaries.
On motion the townships were called
oyer.in Alphabetical order, and the follow
ing delegates appco.ana prouuttu ,.,,
credentials.
Bloom L. B. Ruperl, H. Webb.
Drier Creek I. Salmon, L. Dieterich
Catlawissa Stephen Baldy, O. D.Leib
Derry J. Biddle, J. C. Sproul.
Fishing Creek J. Lazarus, T. Hutchi
son.
Greenwood James Dewilt.G.W Morris:
Hemlock T. J. VantTerslice, M. G.
Shoemaker.
Jackson Iram Derr, Wm. Kelly.
Liberty A. B. Cumings.L.S. Steinraan.
Limestone J Derr, Henry Dye.
Madison T A Funston, J Ketner.
Mifflin 0 Muss, John Keller, jr.
Monteur J Dieterich, P Rupert.
Mahoning T Lloyd, P Wickorsharu,
Orange D Fornwald, J Coleman.
Paxton C Shuman, J Gensel.
Roaring Creek M R Hower, J Bar
inger.
Sugarloaf John McIIenry, A Young,
Esq.
Mt. Pleasant Wm. Howell, John
Morden, jr.
Valley
Delegates from Valley township appeared
but having no credentials, and failing to
produco any proof of their election, were not
admitted,
The following resolutions wero now in
troduced and unanimously passed by accla
relation.
Resolved That wo consider tho division
of Columbia county as a moasure fraught
with incalculable evils to tho citizens ol
the county generally, and vould almost de
stroy the prosperity of those townships pro
posed to be stricken off, while but a few
speculators in Danville and Berwick would
bo benefitted thereby.
Resolved That as there appears to bo a
determination on the part of the two ex
tremes to cut and carve up the county to
benefit their own private interest regardless
of the general good, every well wisher to
the prosperity of tho county should unite in
pressing tho removal question to effect, as
the only means of preventing the division
in en from affecting their reckless project.
Resolved That as the members of this
convention havo been elected as opposed to
'Division, and inavcr of (hi Removal of ih
acl of jasllco of iheoounly,' aid 10 oarrjr
out tho wishes 6rour constituents, we will
not place In nomination for tho Assembly
any candidate who is not an open, uncom
promising advocate of our views upon these
two questions.
On motion names of candidates wero
placed before the convention for nomination
to wit: Daniel Snyder and Clurles F.
Mann.
Upon tho namo of Mr. Mann being men
tioned, the President read tho following
letter from him, which was received by the
contention and spectators present, with
groat applause.
Bloomsburo Aug. 20, 1842.
Chairman of the Democratic County Con
vention.
Dear Sir :
My friends havo thought proper to
propose me as a candidate to represent
Columbia county in tho Legislatutc of this
stato although I am under obligations to
those friends for their good opinion and
wishes, I do not wish you to consider mo
as a candidalo before tho democratic remo
val convention this day, but hope your
body may be united; and select such candi
dales as will units tho wliolo removal
friends.
Very respectively, yours.
CHARLES F.MANN.
The name of Mr.Mann being withdrawn
there remained no other candidates before
the convention for nomination but Daniel
Snyder, whereupon, on motion
DANIEL SNYDER,
was nominated by acclamation, as a candi
date for Assembly.
On motion the convention proceeded to
nominate candidates for Com mis ioncr,
and tho following names were introduced.
John B. Edgar,
Wm. J. Ikeler,
John McWilliams.
Upon tho name of Mr. Edgar, being
mentioned, the following letter from him
was read.
Oranoe, Aug 29 ,1842.
I understand that an expression of scnti
ment is asked from me with regard to the
local question. Therefore that neither par
ty may be deceived, I teli you, Gentlemen
my santimonts have never changed, I am in
favor of a removal and against a division.
JOHN B. EDGAR.
On motion tho convention proceeded to
ballot for a candidate for Commissioner
which resulted as follows:
jonn u. uugar had 31 votes
Wm. J. Ikeler 2
John McWilliams l
Whereupon John B. Edgar was declared
duly nominated.
On motion tho convention proceeded to
tho nomination of an Auditor which resulted
as follows :
Johnstop Ikeler had 20 votes
Samuel Kisncr 14
The President therefore declared John
ston Ikeler duly nominated.
On motion the convention then procecdod
to the nomination of a candidate for Pro
thonotary, and Jacob Eyerly, was declared
unanimously nominated.
The name of Robert B. Sproul, and
Charles Connor having been brought before
the convention, as candidates for Register &
Recorder, the following letter from Mr.
Connor was introduced by tho President.
Aug. 29, 1842.
To Stephen Baldy, Esq..
President of the Removal Convention.
DejrSir I understand that objections
aro made against me on the ground that I
reside at Danville, and am noi friendly to
removal. It is therefore but right for rne to
say.that although I do reside in Danville, ii
although I feel very friendly towards iho
inhabitants for their unifoiin Kindness to
me, still being a nalivo of Brier Creek,
where my relativos and interest are, that
has by no means, altered my opinion as to
the propriety of removing the seal of justice
I have always been and am still friendly to
removal.
Yours most Respectfully,
CHARLES CONNER.
On motion, tho convention proceeded to
tho nomination of Register & Recorder and
the first ballot resulted as follows :
Robert B. Sproul had 19 voles,
Charters Conner 18
Thero being 38 delegates present, and as
R. B. Sproul had not a majority of all the
delegates another ballotting was ordered,
which resulted as follows :
Charles Conner had 20 votes;
Robert B, Sproul JT
TIu8rourion,6hac4 Conner waa declared
duly nominated. , 1
On molion,tho following gentlemen were
appointed standing committee for tho ensu
ing year. Stephen Baldy,James O.Sproul,
Daniel Foruwald, Charles F. Mann and
Charles Kahler.
Tho following resolution was then inlro.
duccd and passod with acclamation.
Resolved That this convention, in pla
cing tho namo of Daniel Snyder before tho
peoplo of tho county, as a candidato for ihc
Legislature, pledged as ho is by his acts in
the Legislature, opposed to division and in
favor of removal, aro but carrying out tho
positive instructions of our constituents-
and wo confidently ask for him tho
support of every man in the county
who is friendly to removal, and opposed to
division, not only upon the grounds of his
worth as a citizen, but that whilo they are
sustaining him, they aro approving his
course in iho last Legislature upon tho local
question, and voting directly against divi
sion, & in favor of romoval, a measure which
our opponents refused to have'submitledj to
their decision by an act of tho Legisla
ture. On motion, it was
Resolved That tho thanks of this con
vention are duo to Charles F. Mann, Esq:
for the honorablo and high minded stand
which he has assumed in withdrawing his
namo as a candidate lor nomination to
the Assembly, thus proving that ho has the
welfare of the removal more at hoirt than
his own advancement to office.
On motion, it was
Al(.OI(llti nut una UUtlf uiiuuii viuw
with regret and cannotbut condemn in Iho
strongest language, the lato attempt of tho
Danville people, to displace from the office
of Supervisor on Ihe North Branch Canal,
John MuRcynolds.for no other reason than
because ho is an advocate of the removal
question in the county, and wo trust that
the Canal CommisBioneis will never dis
continue an efficient, worthy good officer,
against whom no real grounds of complaint
pun tin mrnln. mnrolv al tlto tnollrrnlinn nf n
reckless faction, whoso only obiect is to I
make capital for their party to a local ques
lion in a county.
Rssolved Tint wo pledge oursolres
individually and collectively, to sustain tli
ticket, this day formed, not only becauss
tho candidates are every way worthy of our
support, but because, by so doing, we sus
lain a measure which is of more important,
to the welfare ahd future prosperity of tha
county, than the election of any particular
man can possibly be.
Resolved That the proceedings of this
convention be signed by the officers, and
that all the papois in the county be request
ed to publish them, and also the papers st
Harnsburg.
STKPHEN BALDY, President.
James C. Sproul, ? . , ,
!,,. k. ' e Vice Presidents
George IV. Morris,
Jest Coleman,
Secretaries.
For the Coln-nbia Democrat.
Tho time has come fellow citizens.whettl
it behooves the friends of the removal ques
tion in Columbia county to speak in sucbl
language that there will be no room lefi toj
doubt, by either the advocates or opposersl
of tho removal question, what is the truol
policy of the inhabitants of this county.-l
It is now nearly thirty years since a rerao-l
val of the county seat has been coughlforl
in this county, and for nearly thai win
lime, I havo watched, with untiring ze
the course pursued by each party. I sli
not mention the names of tho different p-
sons who have represented this county h
the state Legislature, but I shall mention '
fact, which cannot be controverted, whichl
is, that the politics of this county, for yea",
were swayed by the Montgomery family i
Danville, and it was alone through theirl
influence, that tho county scat was first lo
cated at Danville, and that mainly through!
misrepresentation, by representing all 'l
upper part of the county as being an unin j
habited tract of country and consequently J
was most convenionl to nlaco tho coumjl
soul In ono corner of the county,at the poit'
where the most inhabitants were. For tlii
purpose the committee to select tho site for
tho county seat were to meet at Milton.
When behold that part of the commit
from the upper end of the county pursuing
an holiest cause, goes to Milton, but W'l
Monlgomerv. with a few friends ta"1
cross tho ridge to Northumberland, "i
thoro, before Iho parly which liadgona
Milton could havo any knowledge of M'l
Montgomery and bis friends, they hsd aiej