RATES OF ADVERTIS Tone lines or less constitute half a square. Ten 11001 or more than four, constitute a square. aeitaq.,oneday - —.80.25 One sq., one day u...—. $0.50 one week.-- 1.00 " one week.—. 1.25 a one month- . 2.00 " one month... 3.00 it -three months. 3.00 " three months. 6.00 , E sixmonths.L.. 4.00 " six months.- 8.00 .. one year-- 5.00 cc one year. —. 10.00 11:7 - Business notices inserted in the toast coma, or before marriages and deaths, FITS 0 SETS PER LINE for each insertion. To mercbantsand others advertising by theyear liberalte. IS will be offered. lEr Inie numberof insertions must be designatedon the ilvertisement. E' narrMges and Deana will be inserted at the NMI ease regular thortissineuts. - , _ , Bookg, ,i:5 - tatioltern, &f. QCHOOL BOOKS.--Sehool Directors ; Teachers,Parents, Scholars, and others, in want of School Books , School Stationery, &c will find a complete rtm assoent at E. M. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STORE, Market Square, Harrisburg, comprising in part the follow- ins— B.BADSRS.--M&Gurey'a, Parker's, Cobb's. /Omen's SPELLING BOOKS.—MoGnifey's, Cobb's, Webster'S, Town's, Byerifs. Combry's. ENGLISH GRAMMARS .—Bnllion's, Smith's', Wood bridge's, Monteith,s, Tuthill's, Hart's, Wells'. lllSTOKlES.—Griir.sliaw's, Davenport's, Frost's, Will son's, WilLard's, Goodrich's, Pinnock's, Goldsmith's and Clark's, ARlTHMETlC'S.—Greenleaf's, Stoddard's, Rmerson's, Pike's, Rose's, Colburn's, Smith and Duke's, Davie's. ALGEBRAS.--GreenleaVs, Davie's, Dars, Ray's, Br DlC idge's. TlONARTS.—Walker's School, Cobb's, Walker, Worcester's Comprehensive, Worcester's Primary, Web ster's Primary, Webster's high School, Webster's Quarto, Academic. NATURAL PHILOSOPHISE.—ComatocIeI, Parker's, Swift's. the above with a great variety of others can at any time be found at my store. Also, a complete assort ment of School Stationery, embracing in the while a com plete outfit for school purposes. Any book not in the store. procured at one days notice. ID - Country Merchants supplied at wholesale rates. ALMANACS.-John Baer and Son 7 a Almanac tor sale ai B. M. POLLOCK Sr: SON'S BOOK STORK, Haarisbng. itr Wholesale and Retail myl UPROLSTEA ING. C. F. VOLLMER Is prepared to do all kinds of work in the UPHOLSTERING- BUSINE SS. Pays particular attention to MARING AND PUTTING DOWN CARPETS, MAKING AND REPAIRING MAT TRASSES, REPAIRING FURNITURE, &0., dm. He can be found at all times at his residence, in the rear of the William Tell House, corner of Raspberry and Black berry alleys_ sep2O-dly LETTER, CAP, NOTE PAPERS, .1J Pens, Holders, Pencils, Envelopes, Sealing Wax, of the best quality, at low prices, direct front the mann factories, at mar3o SCHREYER'S CHEAP BOOKSTORE TAW BOOKS ! LAW BOOKS ! !-A general assortment of LAW BOOBS, all the State Reports and Standard Elementary Works, with many of the old English Reports, scarce and rare, together with a large assortment of second-hand Law Books, at very low prices, at the one price Bookstore LO of E. M. POLCK. & SON, Market Square, Harrisburg. myS Miscellaneous. AN ARRIVAL OF NEW GOODS APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON! BILK LINEN - PAPER FANS! FANS!! FANS!!! ANOTHER AND SPLENDID LOT OF SPLICED FISHING RODS: Trout Flies, Gat and Hair Snoods, Grass Lines, Silk and Hair Plaited Lines, and a general assortment of FISHING TACKLE! A GREAT 'VARIETY OF WALKING- CANES! Which we will sell as cheap as the cheapest! Silver Head Loaded Sword Hickory Fancy Canes! Canes! Canes! - Canes! Canes! KELLF.R 7 S DRUG AND FANCY STORE, NO. 91 xsawar STREET, South side. one door east of Fourth street je9. NV E OFFER TO CIISTOMERS A New Lot of LADIES, PURSE'S, Of Beautiful Styles, substantiallr made A Splendid Assortment of GENTLEMEN'S WALLETS. A New andplegant Perfume, KNIGHTS TEM.PiLARS, ISOQUET, Put up in Cut Glass Engraved Bottles. A Complete Assortment of] !HANDKERCHIEF PERFUMES, Of the best Manufacture. A very Handsome Variety of POWDER PUFF BOXES. KELLER'S DRUG STORE, 91 Market street 3Ygi CANDLES!!! PARAFFIN CANDLES, SPERM CANDLES, STEARINE CANDLES, ADAMANTINE CANDLES, CHEMICAL SPERM CANDLES, STAR (SUPERIOR) CANDLES, TALLOW CANDLES. A largd invoice of the above in store, and for sale at anus-Ka/14 low rates, by Witt. DOCK, IR., & CO_, Opposite the Court House jaal GUN AND BLASTING POWDER. JAMES M. WHEELER, HARRISBURG. PA., • AGENT FOR ALL POWDER AND FUSE itkyurAßymiED BY E. DUPONT DE NEMOURS dt CO., ratmINGTON, DELAWARE. IrrA large supply always on hand. For sate at manu iacturer'sprices. Magazine two miles below town. V"Brders received at Warehouse. GARDEN SEEDS ! !!!-A FRESH. AND eosinlls assortment, just received and for sale by feb2l - • WM. DOCK, dn., & CO. JUST RECEIVED—A large Stock of 0.1 SCOTCH ALES, BROWN STOUT and LONDON PORTER. For sale at the lowest rates by JOHN H. ZIEGLER, 73 Market street. is:al FISH!! F 1811.11! MACKEREL, (Nos. 1, 2 and SALMON, (very, su.gerior.) SHAD, New - and very HERRING,G (extra large.) COIIII3II. . . SMOKED HERRING, (extra Digby.) SCOTCH HERRING. . • • - • " • SARDINES AND ANCHOVIES. Of the above we havii Maekeret inWhole, half, quarter tad eighth bbls. Herring in whole and half bbls. The entire la new—maim r'nosi tau FisusaiEs, and 'ill sell them at the lowest market rates_ ss}l4 • • ; -WM. DOCK, In., k. CO. CHAMPAGNE WINESI • DUO DEMONTEBELLO;, ". • HEIDSLEVE. & CO., tITARLItS rturDsitcx, - _ G.1.V5W. 1 4•& . • ANCROR—SILLERY 1101ISSEUX, • • -- MUSCATEL, Mlll4lll'2lE, CON, VERZENA.Y; ' • • CABINET. In store - and for sale by . -- • 7OHNII. ZIEGLER, de2o ' T .73 Market street. TrICKOar VOOD ! I—A Sti.PERIOII , LOT just receifed, aadlor sate.sirp4inantittesta edit riar= chasers, by JAMES M. WHEELER. Also, OAK AND - PINE Cesstantly on; hand at the lowest prices. • . dcc6 "PAMILIE BIBLES, - friini• - 1S to fftnn s pina hanisomely_tt9alicb - Ptiatei on good paper, with elegant clear new type., sold at . . mehal SCHIEf V ZIPS. Cheap Book Ave. URANBERTLIES I ! !-A SPLENDID LOT inst received by °al° POE a superior and cheap TABLE or SALAD OIL go to • - RELLER,'S DRUG STORE. TREFruit Growers' Handbook—by WARlNG—rfholesalettiaretail at atch.3l 'SCHEFFBR'S Bookstore. S PER M CANDLES.-;—A large supply just received by - - • - - stjlB WM. DOCK. & 00. ELLER'S DRUG STORE isthe place to Sad taw bast aseertment of Porte Mormaieti. a IS FIVE TRAINS DAILY TO & FROM PRILIDELPIII/1 ON AND AFTER MONDAY, NOVEMBER 26TH, 1860, The Passenger Trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad Corn party will depart from and arrive at Harrisburg al 1 1 Philadelphia as follows : EASTWARD. THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Harrisburg a 2.40 a. m., and arrives at West Philadelphia at 6.50 a. m FAST LINE leaves Harrisburg at 12.55 p. m., and arrives at West Philadelphia at 5.00 p. m. MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg at 5.15 p. m., and ar• rives at West Philadelphia at 10.20 p. m. These Trains make close connection at Philadelphia with the New Fork Lines. ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, No.l, leaves Harrisburg at 7.30 a. m., runs via Mount Joy, and arrives at West Philadelphia at 12.30 p. m. HARRISBURG ACCOMMODATION leaves Harris burg at 1.15 p. in., and arrives at West Philadelphia at 6.40 p. m. ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, N 0.2, leaves llarrisbdrg at 5.25 p. in., runs via Mount Joy, connecting at Diller villa with MAIL TRAIN East for Philadelphia. WESTWARD. THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Philadelphia 10.50 p. in., and arrives at Harrisburg at 3.10 a. in. MAIL TRAIN leaves Philadelphia at 8.00 a. m., an arrives at Harrisburg at 1.20 p. m. LOCAL MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg for Pittsbur at 7.00 a. in. FAST LINE leaves Philadelphia at 12.00 noon, and ar rives at Harrisburg at 4.10 p. m. HARRISBURG ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves Philadelphia at 2.00 p. in., and arrives at Harrisburg a* 7.35 p. m. ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves Philadelphia 4.00 p. m., and arrives at Harrisburg at 9.45 p. in. Attention is called to the fact, that passengers leaving Philadelphia at 4 p. M. connect at Lancaster with MOUNT JOY ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, and arrive Harrisburg at 9.45 p. m. SAMUEL D. YOUNG, n023-dtf Supt. East. Div. Penn'a Railroad. W.M. DOCK, In., & CO - - • . • - 7-- 'T. • • t 11 - • 'mac lA .• . I " lIIF. ••• • . 1 - - 11 . • • !-Joo t 1 , attetet . • VOL. 3. Lin:s of eruct. PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. WINTER TIME TABLE MEW AIR LINE ROUTE T 0 NEW YORK. • Shortest in Distance and quickest in Time BETWEEN THE TWO CITIES OF NEW YORK AND HARRISBURG, VIA READING, ALLENTOWN AND EASTON MORNING EXPRESS, West, leaves New York at 0 a. in., arriving at Harrisburg at 1 p. in., only 6% hours between the two cities. MAIL LINE leaves New York at 12.00 noon, and as rives at Harrisburg at 8.15 p. in. MORNING MAIL LINE, East, leaves Harrisburg 8.00 a. arriving at New York at 6.20 p. in. AFTERNOON EXPRESS LINE, East, leaves Harris. burg at 1.15 p. m., arriving at New York at 9.45 p. m. Connections are made at Harrisburg at 1.00 p. in. with the Passenger Trains in each direction on the Pennsylvar nia, Cumberland Valley and Northern Central Railroads All Trains connect at Reading with Trains for Potts. ville and Philadelphia, and at Allentown for Mauch Chunk, Beaton, lc. No•change of Resseriger Cars or Baggage between New York and Harrisburg, by the 6.00 a. in. Line from New York or the 1.15 p. m. from Harrisburg. For beauty of scenery and speed,.eomfort and .11,CCOM modation, this Route presents superior inducements to the traveling public. FarebetweenNewYorkandHarrisburg,FlVE DOLLARS For Tickets and other information apply to J. T. CLYDE, General Agent, dels Harrisburg. PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD WINTER ARRAN G RKENT. ON AND AFTER DEC. 12, 1860, TWO PASSENGER TRAINS LEAVE HARRISBURG DAILY, (Sundays excepted,) at 8.00 A. M., and 115 P. M., for Philadelphia, arrivingthere at 1.25 P.M., and 6.15 P.M. RETURNING, LEAVE PHILADELPHIA at 8.00 A.M. and 8.80 P.M.., arriving at Harrisburg at 1 P. M. and 8.10 P. M. FARES;—To Philadelphia, No.l Cars, 83.25; No. 2, Oa same train) $2.75. PARES Readinr $1.60 and 51.80. At Reading, connect with trains for Pottavi2a, Waters villa, Tamaqua, Oatawissa, &c. FOUR TRAINS LEAVE READING POE PHILADEL- PHIA DAILY, at 6 A. M., 10.45 A. M.,12.30 noon and 8.43 P. M. LEAVE PHILADELPHIA FOR READING at 8 K. LOO P. M., 3.80 P. M., and 5.00 P. k. FARES;—Reading to Philadelphia, $1.75 and $1.45. THE MORNING TRAIN FROM HARRISBURG CON. NEOTS AT READING with up train for Wilkesbarre Pittston and Scranton. • For through tickets and other information apply to J. J. CLYDE, dels-dtf General Agent. PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD. REDUCTION OF PASSENGER FARES, ON AND AFTER MONDAY, APRIL 2, 1860 all'&iieWAllMAl.f o ll With 26 Coupons, will be issued between any points desired, good for the holder and any member of his family, in any Passenger train,*nd at any time—at 26 per cent. below the regular fares. - Parties having occasion to use the Road frequently on business or pleasure, will find the above arrangement convenient and erenomical; as Four*Passenger trains run daily each WP7 betaieen Reading and: Philadelphia, and Two Train , ' esc 'w bfitween Reading,.POttsville and Ilarrisburg. Or Overlays only one mortungtrain Down. and one afterr err train lip, runs betwedtt Potteville and Pltitadelphir and 06 Passenger train on the Lebanon Valley Brrrrh Railroad. " -* • For the above Tickets, or any information relating therete apply to B. Bradford, Esq., Treasurer, Philadel phia, e the respective Ticket Agents on the line, or to G. A. NICOLLS, General Snpit. Marin 2T, 1860.—inar28-dtf NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY. Aim NciTICE.- • •. • - CHANGE OF SCREDULE.. - SP RING A. 1113,:L ' Cr'E LEN T . ON AND AFTER 'YRIDAYi MARCH Ur, 1861 . .the Passenger Trains of the. Northern Central Railway will leive Harrisburg as follows.:• • ' -• .GOING _SOUTH. 4 • .ACCQMMODATION TRAIN will leave at.. 3.00 a: m: .EXPREK TRAIN will leave at • ..-•. 1.40 a. in MAIL TRAIN will leave at - .... 1.00 p.m. • • .• - GOING NORTII MAIL TRAIN will leave at 1.40 p.lll. EXPRESS TRAIN will leave at —8.50 p. m. Thennly•Train leaving Harrisburg on Sunday will te the ACCOMMODATION TRAIN South. at 3.00 a. m. For further information npply at the office, in Penn 'vivant% Railroa4 Depot. JOHN W. HALL , Agent. ladrrisburg;March lst-dtf. DRIED liFIEF-An extra lot of DRIED BEEF just received by noR- WM. DOCK, 7a., & CO, BURLINGTON HERRTNG Jitst received by WM. DOCK, Ja., & CO EMPTY BOTTLES ! ! !—Of all sizes and descriptions, for sale .ow by deed WM. DOCK, 3a., & CO. HARRISBURG, PA., TUESDAY, MARCH 26, 1861. lirecllaiteoui. TAKE NOTICE! That we have recently added to our already full stock OF SEGARS LA NORMATIS, HA.RI KARI, EL MONO, LA BANANA. OF PERFUMERY FOR THE HA NDKERCHIE F : TURKISH ESSENCE, ODOR OP MUSK, LUBIN'S ESSENCE BOUQUET, FOR THE HAIR: EAU LUSTRALE, CRYSTALIZED POMATUM, MYRTLE AND VIOLET POMATUM FOR THE COMPLEXION : TALC OF VENICE, ROSE LEAF POWDER, NEW MOWN HAY POWDER, BLANC DE PERLES OF SOAPS: BASIN'S FINEST MOSS ROSE, BENZ OIN, UPPER TEN, VIOLET, NEW MOWN HAY, JOCKEY mrts. Having the largest stock and best assortment of Toilet Articles, we fancy that we are better able than our com petitors to get up a complete Toilet Set at any price de sired. Call and see. Always on hand, a FRESH Stock of DRUGS, MEDI CINES, CHEMICALS, &c, consequent of our re ceiving almost daily additions thereto. • KELLER'S DRUG AND FANCY STORE. 91 Market Street, two doors East of Fourth Street, sep6 South side. JACKSON & CO.'S SHOE STORE, NO. SOM MARKET STREET, HAARISBURG, PA., Where they intend to devote their entire time to the manufacture of BOOTS AND SHOES Of all kinds and varieties, in the neatest and most fash ionable styles, and at satisfactory prices. . Their stock will consist, in part, of Gentlemen's Fine Calf and Patent Leather Boots and Shoes, latest styles; Ladies' and Misses' Gaiters, and other Shoes in great variety; and in fact everything connected with the Shoe business. CUSTOMER WORK will be particularly attended to, and in all cases will satisfaction be warranted. Lasts fitted up by one of the beet makers in the country. The long practical experience of the undersigned, and their thorough knowledge of the business will, they trust, be sufficient guarantee to the public that they will do them justice, and furnish them an article tha will recommend itself for utility, cheapness and dura bility. [jitn9] • JACKSON & CO. R ENOVA . L. JOHN W. GLOVER, MERCHANT TAILOR !, Has removed to 60 MARKET STREET, Where he will be pleased to see all his friend . oetB-dtf A NEW FEATURE IN THE SPICE TRADE!! ! IMPORTANT TO HOUSEKEEPERS!!! E. R. DURK NE & CO'S SELECT SPICES, In Tin Poi', , I ,ined with Paper,) and full Weight.— BLACK PLPPER, GINGER, NUTMEG, WRITE PEP PER, ALLSPICE, MACE, CAYENNE PEPPER, CINNAMON, CLOVES, MUSTARD. amz-rmALYIOAS sprees, - 11 - with confidence that we introduce to the attention of Housekeepers these superior and genuine articles. We guarantee them not only ABSOLUTELY AND PERFECTLY PURE, but ground from fresh Spices, selected and cleaned by us expressly for the purpose, without reference to cost. They are beautifully packed in tinfoil, (lined with paper.) to prevent injury by keeping, and are FULL WEIGHT, while the ordinary ground Spices are almost invariably short. We warrant them, in point of strength and richness of flavor, beyond all comparison, as a sin gle trial will abundantly prove. Every package bears our TRADE MARE. Manufactured only by E. It. DURKEE & CO., New York. For sale by [feb27.] WM. DOCK, SR., & CO. COAL! COAL!! ONLY YARD IN TOWN THAT DELIVERS . COAL BY THE P A TENT W EIGH CARTS! NOW IS THE TIME For every family to get in their supply of Coal for the winter—weighed at their door by the Patent Weigh Carts. The accuracy of these Carts no one disputes, and they never get out of order, as is frequently the case of the Platform Scales; besides, the consumer has the satisfaction of proving the weight of his Coal at his own house. I have a large supply of Coal on hand, con:.C. - ,t'ug of S. M. CO.'S MIENS VALLEY COAL all sizes. LYRENS VALLEY do " " WILICESBARRE do. BITUMINOUS BROAD TOP do. All Coal of the best quality mined, and delivered free from all impurities, at the lowest rates, by the boat or car load, single, half or third of tons, and by the bushel. JAMES M. WHEELER. Harrisburg, September 24, 1860.—5ep25 SCOTCH WHISKY.—One Puncheon of PURE SCOTCH WHISKY just received and for sale by jaza HATCH & CO., 1111 SHIP AGENTS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 138 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, • DEALERS IN FLOUR, GRAIN, PRODUCE, COTTON, WINES AND LIQUORS, TOBACCO AND CIGARS. n0,76-d6m DYOTTVILLE GLASS WORKS, PHILADELPHIA, MANUFACTURE CARBOYS, DEMIJOHNS, WINE, PORTER, MINERAL - . WATER, PICKLE AND PRESERVE BOTTLES, OW EVERT DESCRIPTION. H. B. .k . O. W. BENNERS, ocl9-dly 27 South Front ateret, Philadelphia. A . . 0 • 0 S 1 1 I I . BOTTLED WINES, BRANDIES, A'1415 LIQUORS OFEVERY DESCRIPTION! _ Together with a ciomplete assortinea, (wholesale and retail,) embracing everything in the line, will be sold at cost, without reserve. , janl '• WM. DOCK, 'u., CO. VALENTINES! VALENTINES ! ! A larke assortment of COMIC and SENTIMENTAL VALENTINES of different styles and prices. For sale at SCHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE, feb9 18 Market Street, Harrisburg, Pa. TJAVAN A CIGARS.—A Fine Assort ment, comprising Figaro Zaiagozona, La Suiza, Bird, Fire• Fly, Etelvina, La Beriuto, Capitolio of all sizes and qualities, in quarter, one-o , th and one-tenth boxes, just received, and for sale low bx, MINH. ZIEGLER, jan3l. 73 Market Street. 'WELLER'S DRUG STORE is the place to bnv Dompati,. madielopp CRANBERRIES—A very Superior lot at oct26.] WM. DOCK, JY. & Co'B. JOHN H. ZIEGLER ; 73 Market street Elt 'patriot Rion. TUESDAY MORNING. MARCH 2G, 1561 Jacob Leisler—No. 4. Below will be found number four of the se ries of letters from the pen of a gentleman of Philadelphia, heretofore alluded to by us, over the signature of "Jacob Leisler." We call the attention of our readers to this letter, be cause we wish them to have all the light that can be thrown upon the question of peace, or war, as involved in the present difficulties in the country. This letter presents some features of the case in somewhat of a new light, and there fore we call attention to it, and we feel satifted it will be found interesting to the reader: FELLOW CITIZENS :-It has been shown, in previous letters of this series, that the sove reignties which have formally dissolved their federal relations with the Union of States formed in 1787, must he regarded as de facto governments, with whom either a treaty 271213 l be formed or war waged, unless they can be induced, by a satisfactory recognition of their equality, in respect to the rights of persons and property in the common Territories, to resume their former connection with the Confederacy. It has also been shown, that coercion of the States, which have seceded, or which may secede, under pretence of enforcing the laws, collecting the revenue, or any other pretence, by an employ ment of the naval or military forces of the United States against them, is not authorized by the Constitution, is inconsistent with Republican instztution's, of a federative and representative character, and will be futile, save to involve the whole country in the horrors of civil war and a social anomie?, resulting in military despotism. It has been further demonstrated; that the cause of the dismemberment of the Union, now in rapid progress, is the success, at the polls, of a sectional party contemplating a crusade against the the institution of slavery in fifteen States of the Union, a subversion of State rights, and a consol idation of the Confederacy. o fulfil the purpose of these letters, there is left the single inquiry, whether there is a specific remedy for this great evil of disunion, other, than an employment of physical force, accompa nied by an entire abandonment of the-federal system instituted by the Constitution of the United States. In the belief, that there is such spec'fic remedy, a few reflections in reference thereto arc now submitted to your earnest and serious consideration. A period of gloom and peril to our country and its institutions, characterized, by a with drawal of State after State from its federal relations, by the formation of a distinct Con federacy, by a paralysis of trade, commerce and manufactures, by a prostration of public and private credit, by individual privation, and by social alarm and fear of.civil war, now ex ists and may be indefinitely prolonged. In striking contrast with the political ills which convulse and distress the land, are the blessings of peace and prosperty heretofore enjoyed by the people of the Union, in conse quence of a successful administration of their unarts, fot mare sixty years past, in ac cordance with the views of the ov.Qtitution of the United States inculcated by the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798 and 1799. If so, the dismemberment of the Confederacy, which is now in rapid progress, is occasioned by a disregard of those doctrines, and can only be arrested and a restoration of concord be effected by means of a speedy recognition of the fundamental truths, in reference to the nature and structure of the Government of the United States, taught by the sires and apostles of American Democracy. It is, therefore, necessary, in order to save the Union," boldly and broadly to re-assert and maintain those cardinal principles. The time honored resolutions of 1798 and 1799, applied to the present crisis, teach sub stantially, that the Government of the United States was constituted by the States of the Confederacy, that its powers are not original but derivative, not inherent, but conferred by the respective States, as expressly set forth in the Constitution of the United States ; that the domestic institutions and affairs of the several States are exclusively within the jurisdiction of their respective people, and cannot, in any way, directly or indirectly, be interfered with by the Government of the United States, unless by virtue of some author ity expressly or by necessary implication dele gated to it, in the Constitution of the United States. That the Constitution of the United States contains no grant of power warranting inter ference, by Congress, with property in slave labor, within the respective States of the Con federacy, and that a submission, by a sovereign State of the Union, in any matter injuriously affecting the reserved rights of the States or the Constitutional rights of any of the people of such State, in respect to persons or property, to the will of sectional or other majorities of the people of the Union, expressed either in or out of Congress, will wholly derange and sub vert an admirably harmonious system of State and Federal Government. That all territory acquired by the Federal Government, either by treaty or conquest, being obtained by means of the functions and powers of sovereignty delegated to it by the States, which created it, for their own social and political benefit, must be held by it, as the agent and trustee of such States, for the common use, enjoyment and settlement of it by their respective citizens together with their families and property taken with them in their emigra tion, and that Congress has no power conferred on it by the Constitution, by invidious legisla tion, either directly or indirectly, to discrimi nate, in reference to property in slave labor or in anything else, between the emigrating citi zens of the respective sovereignties of the Con federacy. That the relations of the respective sove reignties of the Confederacy, as equals, to each other, and the relations of the Federal Govern ment to each confederate sovereignty, as its agent and trustee, require of each and every department of the ,Government of the United States a defence and protection of the Consti tutional rights of the several States and of their people, in respect to persons and property in the territories of the - Union, and that, in any other view of the ;inject, all distinction between a territory of the Confederacy, depend ant upon it for political existence, and a sov ereign State of the Confederacy, is slighted end the Federal system is converted into a consolidated Empire. That the provisions of the Federal Constitu tion, the principal of the federal system, foster ing the development of popular freedom and power, so far as they consist with social peace and order,by domestic legislation, rnd jealously ignoring popular majorities, save where they are expressly allowed, in the compact of Union, the relations of the States to each other and of the Federal Government to the respective States, concur in recognizing the only period at which the people of an organized territory of the United States have an unrestricted and absolute right to prohibit involuntary servi tude, to be, when they form the organic law of State existence, previously to an application for admission into the confederacy of States.— That the existence of property in slave labor, in the territories of the United States, as a po litico-economical question, with a strict and careful deference to Constitutional right and obligation, may be safely left to the exclusive regulation of the natural and salutary laws of soil and climate. That the alleged right "to coerce" a sove reign State, which has solemnly declared, by an organic convention of its people, a withdrawal from the Confederacy, under a pretence of col lecting the revenue, enforcing the laws, or any other pretence, by an employment of the naval or military forces of the United States against the people and Government of such State, is no where conferred, in the Constitution of the United States, on the Federal Government, is repugnant to the spirit, intent and meaning of that instrument, subversive of the fundamental principle of a confederacy of Republican States, based on voluntary representation, futile, and, if practically asserted, will be the occasion of civil war and of a consequent military despot ism, as the only safeguard of life and property. That the States, which have - withdrawn from the Confeceracy, although their secession, as a constitutional right and remedy, is wholly in admissible, can, consistently with constitu tional propriety, be brought back to the Con federacy of States, in no other way, than by pacific measures, involving an honorable adjust ment of existing differences, a redress of well founded grievances, and an ample provision of additional, clear and unalterable guarantees of safety, security and equality to themselves, their institutions, people and property, within the present Union of North American States. Accepting the aforestated just and constitu tional principles as articles of political faith and rules of action, it is the plain duty of the people of Pennsylvania to present an united and determined front of resistence to any attempt at "the coercion" of a State, (which may have withdrawn from the Union,) on any pretence whatever, by an employment against its au thority and people of either the naval or mili tary forces of the United States. It is also the imperative obligation of every citizen to reso lutely act, under a conviction, that the Union "can and shall be preserved," through the re ascendancy of correct constitutional principles in the non-slaveholding States, and especially in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, aptly termed "the Keystone of the Federal Arch," to be achieved by the first appeal which can be made to the ballot-box. The rallying cry of the conservatives of Pennsylvania, in the stern struggle for tho preservation and perpetuity of the Union of the States, which, with vigor and earnestness, they should henceforth institute with such as favor the dark conspiracy of 'sectional republican ism—to obliterate State lines, destroy State Government, and, on the ruins of the present federative system, to erect a consolidated em pire or a frightful despotism—is, "no coercion and the equality of the States, in respect to persons and property in the Territories of the Union and wherever the power of the Govern ment of the United States is competent to de fend and protect the same, to be assured to each State of the Confederacy by such new and additional constitutional provisions, as may place such equality anti ch._ rig:As connected therewith beyond the reach of cavil or doubt." In a political contest thus conducted, the proposed amendments of the Constitution of the United States, known as " the Crittenden Com promise," or any similar Constitutional amend ment, if satisfactory to the slaveholding States of the Confederacy, and available in the recon struction of the Union, must be prominently presented,cordially sustained and triumphantly vindicated at the polls. Furthermore, in order to prevent the shedding of kindred blood, to avert civil war, to preserve the blessings of peace and such relations of amity and frater nity as will favor a restoration of the Union of the States, at some future time, if it cannot just now be effected, the Government of the United States of America should be perempto rily required, by the popular voice of Pennsyl vania, to recognize the Government of the " Confederate States of Ameriea," and adjust, by treaty, on fair and liberal terms, all ques tions of boundary, territory, property and federal obligation, arising from former federal relations between the respective Governments. If such principles and course of political action do not stiffiee to arrest further mischief and heal existing disorders, the most hopeful experiment of self-government, which has ever been or can be made, will have failed. The past providence of God, in raising up, guarding, guiding and blessing this favored nation and its manifest mission, as yet scarcely begun, to effect the regeneration of human so ciety, by means of a high christian civilization, warrant the belief, that purified and invigora ted by a severe ordeal, the Union of Confedera ted States will soon be restored, and "Its Flag ever flout the sky, The highest under' Heaven., JACOB LEISLER THE BOTTOM nr THE SEA.—Our investigations go to show that' the roaring waves and the mightiest billows of the ocean, repose, not upon hard or troubled beds, but upon cushions of still water; that everywhere at the bottom of the deep sea the solid ribs of the earth are protected as with a garment, from the abrading action of its currents; that the cradle of its restless waves is lined by a stratum of water at rest ; or so nearly at rest, that it can neither wear nor move the lightest bit of drift that once lodges there. The uniform appearance of these microscopic shells, and the almost total absence among them of any sediment from the sea or foreign matter, suggest most forcibly the idea of perfect repose at the bottom of the sea. Some of the specimens are es pure and as free from sea sand as the fresh fallen snow flake is from the dust of the earth. Indeed, these soundings almost prove that theses, like the snow-cloud with its. flakes in a calm, is always letting fall upon its bed showers of 'these minute stlells ; and we may readily ima gine that the wrecks which strew its bottom are, in the process of ages, hidden under this fleecy covering, presenting the rounded appear ance which is seen over the body of the - tra veler who has perished in the snowstorm.— The ocean, especially within and near the tropics, swarms with life. The remains of its myriads of moving things are conveyed by currents, and scattered and lodged in the course of time all over its bottom. This process, continued for ages, has covered the depths of the ocean as with a mantle, consisting of or ganisms as delicate as hoar-frost, and as light in the water as down is in the air. The tooth of running water is very sharp. See how the Niagara has cut its way through layer after layer of solid rock. But what is the Niagara, with all the fresh water courses of the world, by the side of the great currents of ocean ?-- And what is the pressure of fresh water upon river beds in comparison with the pressure of ocean water upon the bottom of the desp sea ? It is not so great by contrast as the gutters in the streets are to the cataract. Then why have not the currents of the sea worn its bot tom away ?. • Simply because they are not per mitted to get down to it.—All the Year Round. SUNDAYS EXCEPTED, - BY O. BARRETT & CO ?Kw DAILY PATRIOT AND lINION will be served to au b scribers residing in the Borough for SIX CENTS PER WERE payable to the Carrier. Mail rabeoribere,rovit DOL LARS PCB ANNUM. . • Tax WEaKLY will be published as heretofore, semi weekly during the session of the Legislature, and once ei week the remainder of the year, for two dollars in ad vance, or three dollars at the expiration of the year. Connected with this establishment is an extensive JOB OFFICE, containing a variety of plain and fancy type, unequalled by any establishment in the interior of the State, for which the patronage of the public is so licited. NO. 174. TILE SEAL FISHERY OF LABRADOR From the leading article of Harper's Maga zine for April, entitled "Three Months in Lab rador," we gather the following information respecting one of the most important industrial pursuits of the north country: The seal fishery of Labrador is valued at $1,500,000 per annum, and is wholly prosecu ted by Newfoundland vessels, with the excep tion of perhaps a dozen that sail from Canada and other Provinces. The hunting-ground lies between the 49th and 52d parallels of lati tude, and the season of catching extends from March to May, inclusive. The average fare of successful vessels is two thousand seals, though as many as eight thousand have been taken; but of upward of four hundred vessels that yearly engage in sealing not more than sixty make remunerative voyages, and many suffer heavy losses. Hence the business is altogether a lottery. Nevertheless the chances of large gains are so seductive that sealers' berths, in vessels "up for the ice," command a. premium of from $8 to $2O. The men so engaged obtain their outfit (which includes clothing, guns, ammunition, &c.) on credit., the cost of which is deducted from their earnings at the end of their voyage; and they not unfre,luently find a balance of $125 in their favor at the close of the season. Yet they are fortunate if, after their accounts are squared, they do not find' themselves in debt to the vessel, or at least with empty pockets. The expense of the outfit is borne by the owners of the vessel. The captain receives no wages, but is allowed a tare of ten cents on every seal caught. When this is deducted, one-half the fare is divided among the crew, and the other half falls to the owners. The average price per seal is $3 50. Conse quently, a fare of two thousand seals , worth $7,000, yields to the owners and crew $3,325 each, and to the captain $350. Sealing vessels are sheathed with iron, and extra planked about the bows to protect them from the ice. • On reaching the ground they are warped into channels cut through the ice, where they lie snugly moored until warm weather breaks it up. Then the sealers, singly and in small parties, each man armed with a heavy iron-spiked bat and muffled to his eyes in furs, go forth in quest of victims. These lie, quietly sunning themselves near their breathing holes, often a hundred together, uttering doleful cries and frog-like croaks.-A Upon some hummock a sentinel is ever on the alert to warn of approaching danger. But the hunters, creeping stealthily, and taking advan tage of the wind and inequalities of surface, rush upon them at the first alarm, dealing death-blows right and left among the affrighted herd, who wriggle hurriedly over the ice, and tumble floundering into their holes. The old seals generally escape, as their movements are wonderfully quick ; but many of the young are killed. TheSe are now dexterously "sculp ed," stripped of their blubber Rua pelts, which come off entire; the bloody carcasses are left to glut the starveling bears and arctic foxes, and the pelts rolled up and dragged away to the vessel. After the ice breaks up, the seals are shot from boats in the open water, where Liey are found disporting. There are various kinds of seals, among which are the harbor, ranger, jar, hnod. doter. bed- Lamer, narpe, Dine, and square sipper; suffering as greatly in size and physiognomy as members of the human family. There are canine and. feline looking seals; seals with round smooth heads cropped like a prize fighter's, and seals with patriarchal beards and long flowing locks t• meek, pensive lookins. 6 seals, and seals fierce and long tusked ; little seals three feet long, and monsters upward of eight feet in length, weighing a thousand pounds. Selah ! The hood seal when attacked. throws up a thick bullet-proof hood or shield before its face, and whichever way a gun is presented this defence is always opposed, the animal moving dexter ously from side to side with every movement of his assailant. An effective wound must be given directly under the ear, and it requires an. expert marksman to hit. him there. The harpe is most esteemed, and commands a market price of $7 to $B. He is a first class pugilist, and always shows fight; rising cn his hind flippers, dodging the bat skillfully, and often seizing it from his assailant's hand. He is very tenacious of life, and when worsted frequently feigns death. At such times the unsuspecting sealer, stooping over to "sculp" him, is liable to serious injury. Sometimes they have been completely disemboweled. Seals whelp in March and suckle their young. They are in good condition at all seasons, but are seldom taken after July, as they migrate to more northern regions, returning in Decem ber. In early summer they are caught in strong, large meshed nets. They constitute an important article of food to the settlers and Esquimaux, and to the latter are indispensable. The blubber is exceedingly fat, and being out into strips and thrown into vats, a large quan tity of oil is obtained by natural drainage. The residue is fried out by heat. It is extensively us.ed for machinery, both in Europe and the United States, but is sold under a different name. Its value is about fifty cents per gallon. EXTENSION OF HOE'S PATENT IN ENGLAND.- The London ameriectn announces that the Judi cial Committee of the Privy Cluncil of England extended Hoe's English palant for printing machines. Mr. Richard M. Hoe, of New York, was the inventor ; but the nominal patentee, and one of the petitioners, was Mr. William Newton. Mr. Grove, the counsel for the peti tioners, stated to the committee the advantages possessed by this printing press over the cele brated Applegarth machine. Both are used by the Times, the latter, however, only ds "aids." He described the nature of the invention, and stated that one of Mr. Hoe's ten feeder machines could print from 20,000 to 25,000 newspapers in an hour. The efforts made by the patentee had involved a vast amount, of industry and skill. Mr. Hoe came over to this country in 1847, but it was nine years from the date of his patent before he could get anything done, and English sales had been only fourteen machines. By the inventor's accounts, which were pre sented, it seems that the profits from the patent were £5,000, but of this £4,000 went to Mr. Hoe's partners, and he had only received £3,000, which was a most inadequate remunera tion for an invention of so much importance, especially to the cheap press, which was obliged to use thin paper, for which Applegarth's ma chine is not applicable. Several eminent engineers bore testimony to the value of the invention, and Mr. Welsby, on behalf of the Crown, made no opposition. Lord Cranworth delivered the judgment of their lordships, who, he said, were all satisfied that this was a most useful invention—one of great merit and simplicity, as far as simplicity could apply to such an invention. They thought that the inventor had not derived that reasonable profit which he had a right to expect. He had beenfor severalyears withoutprofit, and in his accounts he had placed many charges on the debtor side of the account with which he might have credited himself. Under all the circumstances, their lordships would advise her Majesty to extend the patent.—Scientific American. PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING, I==l=l
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers