Terms of Pnibllcatioa. - 1 ' | . jiM-Jw Beni®' | *$ flu i’ a ri«7T-rfl s, a Mtfi- I r^f ; H& JjTL -i, ®A -■' ' »“f° farther remftt£Sefr Wfebblfw. 1 4ty ihWtfr. no man can be brctigtttCWj debf/te; ffle f'i,*** ioiiAtpsie Ae Official IJaner pf-^e'(?6anty, ,I°. | ar ge , :it is Bont i W’f w?|b;n the oonnty; ( )a office may bo: . aju'.^ar.cnp BMinees Card*, not IM». papcr meth. per year. _ j _ Tf . , > v <U ’ HOTEL. DAVID fl4BT,'P[faPßTßToa.i: -i *. ■ The nnders»frefcSgs*»rsw SnSiSnce to. his old,| i n -,.diand- te the public general^,,(hijt lw.has tak eu; n '?««io'n of tfie old stand and BUed It ‘good, Sffltawhfc» fc>P»Ca€> ?&<»*«$»« Hotel.; S' sn# wiil-bo apared-to acottmpodate tbe.trayelmg; S l^Goodsta k flirigand a on( IJS. Pri^tos°it'/ti a tiines\ -.DAVID HART, j USJWW RE¥ at S.-P.;W'lt|S<fl« } A- , will u.t rffellsboro’, Ecb,'lj 18§?.J • ■ ;;m'ur^_ ’ . .'C ’.J: In ,' uJ A. Field, ...•••••■•• v ■o”WKA?ior. tabea thpJ»y>Tfi?yf charge.; §■ ■j. iEJimt, • | td'flw practice of Northern c^n^^l ■yinls. 11 ~ ,-i-x T iut! I’t? —” ' PENti'SiXV.1 iVIA 'HO cn .- Corner oJ.'WrSH** «i*«K4BPW «*»»*. Pa '< J.W. BiOONT, PROPRIETOR*.., ~k t - ’lliirpCpnhir Bolil, having been ire-fltted Vi'd''lfe furoiehed throughout, M now. bpep 'W the putilions • Urst-elass house. _ ..... ~1.5. ’. . ' ~" 1 ft?-*- ' Gaines, Troga Cannty, Pi;. THIS is anew hoteridfcdhed'wjtirin eas£; aCc'ese- a the best fishing and ifcnfinggrifnnflh'fii'Rdraiern ,p»f' Ko pains will be spared ifor the ahcoAth-Odatjon ■jf’pleisure seekers and thetravelingipnJ»i%! 1 I April 12.1860- ■ , "" *■ I;- o. C. C. CAJIPEtIii L| BA.RBER j,AXp SHOP in the Post 6®ce. EvsJry ;hing in hulineiwiiiWdoWA w£U''ani}'pyorop !y as it ■ si he done in the city 80opne. JPrnpwtipn i for.re itoeing dandruff, and, beautifying the Baft, ‘heap.. 1 Hair ani' l vehh’tnts.aie4 , !M>y ep|6w! OttU and ■|m liTeilshoro, Spp£. 22, 18q8. ' Ip. ~ the George W. Pratt, Editor aad Pregriefor. '.Vs.published ai Corning, Sle'nbtrd' Colj N.iY.,’atfOne I Paliar and Fifty Cents .per year, in advance-.' The jiarnal is Republican in politics, dm} has ateircnia- Eaa reaching into every part of SietjbeaTCdnnty.— 'laose* desirous of extending their husine&| ito that aid the ad joining conn ties‘\vil) flnd‘UijveXde)lent'ad- WtUing medium. -.'Address as aboVn.' *, | . ' VEL£Sff6tt6 hotlei, • s . I. S. FIRB, - ‘ ~ I - ? (formerly of ike United States 1 . Havirig leased'ibis wdl'kno'wharid House, solicits ~tho patronage of the public. ' Witn attentive wtobliziae waiters, together with the Proprietor’s fcfofedge of htfbfcpeiTto stay jf those who stop with him> both ’plehsant and igreeable. * / V j j I j willsboro; May sT,‘lBfcD.- - £-1 <1 s~ V-l r -|? t * ' E. B. BENEDICT, Mt'. . ¥OOLD inform the public that hp U pernjanentl located in Elkland • Boro, Tiogi Qo. Pq., an ii prepitrtdrhyJtMrty yesss’eaperiejroejn.-treai all dip cues or the eyes and their appehflagcsTin, seientin frinciploa, and that ho can cure without, fail, tba dreadful disease, oaUed St. Vitus’" Dnt^ff ? |(CAorp Smell Viti.j and will attend"po any other,-hasinesa i th» line of Physio and Surgery.; \ Rorp, 8pd860;, , :e t ?j I WELLSBORO GYMNASIUM. —"Emu nasq t V Ciatiua.jgepl* c^ciypyemngTqt ROlf’S HALE, to promote healthful exercise and muscular develop ment. Members have access ( to the Hall at all hours if the day. The .dues are 50 cents per mo|itlj. to pay or lights, room-rent fe: T - & | Wellshoro, March 5,1852. ;, I-,. I fWOY °A’CiWBIOt,: TROY, BKADTOBP CjO.,{ i^-A. C-AJUEXvTIDAJR.>-IQ6S- t Spring Term begins Feb.‘2stb,—Ends l2th. ' • ■ -Bammer * '**’ 'JSkfZWh-* Fall « « Sept. 9tb, — “ N«r, 24th. “Winter (t tf Deo. 2d. j-, t Thorough mateactioik giva* Ip »bH ffy&Won and' Higher Enghs¥ Branched, htid Modern Lan ,gnages. Students fitted to enter the besf 1 pollegep. Term's Tuition, $2 to $6. i Board dcsifiie.to hoard IHcmsolves, can be procured at low rates, Gl the im mediate vicinity of the Academj. . For circulars or other information, address &*&s?&&**s*.*■ aL , , Troy, Jan. 30, 1862.-tf. .I*. , THE undersigned wishes to announce his for- Customers'in Sullivan and vicinity, that notwithstanding hi® embarrassments “for the last sir- Qontbs they will findlftm'at his. shop in-Hainstmrg •ith a good new stock of Iron and m4teriajr ready tef on them on reasonable */• A.|ELLIS. J ■ ’■ Marth 19.0 ’ .p/T*. Z C 6 R N l|s <3- Ii ' ~T WHOLESAhB<£HMB-.ASi) BOOK STORE. c MQS AND MEDICINES, j PAINTS AND OILS, ' • ! 111 ; aiAss;>;/,'> >- KEBOSINE OIL, ij i ALCOIibL, ' ; I ■ H BOOKS ASD'BTAV^ONEBy, AV^JOLPfIBtfBEIXv.; j ■ ' Mjfefcfirti NEW VORK, r : Corning,'Foi. ,i " '‘tl *i .'■' ; MILMN'EE, .■ INVITES attention to her oßßortOpent «tv ■> ■ Kew » *°tedßg tnrj deSeription of - ~■; and . 'Wj. -• '• : -.;••;«! i'T-'t! J.u *£L, ’ \c ; -p&ma fin? ViC.j;.^.;ar ; - •few* wn« r.C SoomaSS Wj&- '• i . and 137 Water Stfcddt; iljtJL^T. A WII,IBBJ.-3». 1 • rrcnr DrOofrO to tfjt Sricnffim pt ttJt snti tljc Spviatf of ©ralt&g mrfotm. --T ■ _ 4 tl-TOAr. PtVyie rr.jf-.j- Wtr-.. ..m —, v .. _. ~P> '/ _ " * ' * V_Z . :ouo : a.: vox. vm. SPEISiG ATO’siM^ER' 1 GOODS.: ■'■ Has now g»j,.baed-*.Jarge ande? tensive stock' of . - i HITS' 4S APS,: ; IV V ' ‘J" ■" f ' : (i/a3'3»5O T ! ! ■ | • • ■ ■ -x hßogerjes; : READY : MADE CLOTHING, 1 f ’ - : i = GLASStYATOfe ; s; "WOODENW ARE, ■ which is natfqiAtedfr the Isißest'Bßortment srer brought intp<h«apliifoiV>nd at prices entire, satisfaction. - .And.l would^in^ • jjjtt,' pnrchgscVs, gsherally.{o'‘<Jall and’ oxiinind joy 'assßrtmem'of ■ ‘ ! ' • • -s Black and Figured Dress Silks, ' ' ' 1 “ , •'^ortted'Gxreds/itferlndeß,' 1 A j ii ■; ias -X^odies’f.QlotJi,. Opera ... ,' - ’. , Lqngand Square Shawls, .. ‘ ‘' ;*'3}Jadkhnci'Pigtrt , ea Delaines, i f • and Casrfme’retr, ; 'ie., : As^- And in factibflibaiSissiitiß At of. J f L X.ADJSS’ DSdBSS GOODS ,4, ' over brought.into this .county. .1. have also a large Stock of' t'*•L a IT 1 r.I ...- '!.>:{ ; SATINS. FULL CLOTH,' 1 REKTOOK.YfJEANS. Purchasers will find that the place to, buy.good gbeds and at low prices, is at the store of . - . ■ . ■; j-r • -JEROME SMITH. Wellshoro, April 23,*T865! J. M. SMITH, HAS removed to the New Store on, j t, ITJarkcV jSIrcQl, Corning, First dnqr., of ..Hnngorford’a Bank, and directly opposite tRe Dickinson Douse, i where ie is now. receiving, and will constantly Jtjep on%fcndi£s Sll nod t ■-■> •' COMPLETE ASSORTMENT, '.\ OF FANCY ’ANI) ST APLfc i»EY GOOBS, BOOTS AND SLICES, , i ' : , , FAMILY GROCERIES, &0., , j 'which will Be sold at the Lowest Prices for . | - -Beadf P&F Only. | bo sellsgood'Prints for;..; lOcts. Kerri macg—V1......... ..™1 ~.I2^c/ Denims -i- 12ie] - t • Hekvy Sheetings 12i<t- Flno Bleached Muslin. ~.12io. and* other goods equally low. The.citirenß of TIOGA COUNTY „ , . ; ; visiting corning, • !<a«-cordinllyidvitaditof .■ ,; <.u-. • ...j . •'.’A’.. ’ ; ruive ,nini -V;; ]- t Corning, April 23, 1862. TTNPARALLELED ATTRACTION! I -AJ .* or. t»*W ,«J vr».-»*. '. ' •’ Grand Dlsplay of Elegant i c v ' NEW SPRING GOODS AT BormauTs Bee Hive. '■Dress' ! GaodB,New Mohairs, New'Baburinas, New Estrellas,, Ne'i'.Pdplinr. New Polio do eherrevNew ‘Wool De Lainns, TdPd'wide English Prints lijdls, Fine chintz figured Re Lainea lOcts.' ' f ' : 'Ten 'th'ouSana' yama fast color Madder Prints at 6? cents. ~ ,' , ,-'' ri '' ' ' , ' ■J , lyo : tGorisahd‘3ol!art' : *hrfS : bf -Black Silks] algood quality Vt- - Bttcin.tispe»Jf3rdf I . nv-;. M-Colored Dress; Silks,, a magnificent, variety-just opened. r-v . • Ciuth and Silk . Mantles, latest nenvoantos, suohjas. .Dlivia. McCleUan.ClQUUleeto. Ladies Cldlh all shades of color. .. ■ 1 , Shawfs, J3rpobe,.fhj!)Ct, Stclla, .Black, Silk etc.,-at less than 50 cohts ’oB the dollar.' ■'Wopl'FiahneTs’at'lfi cts per yard. ■ j Chnmfiro for shakers only 8 cts. ! ■White Brilliants only 'S ets. ' ■ I . Etnb«)ldct*(f Dollars outy‘3 cts. r . s :. i Shirt FronU, good ones poly 3 cts. .Bleb embroidered curtains muslin 12J cts. , ; do' do ft.-,, ?P 30, 35, 40 ots. worth 4onbJe,the monqy, - ' , ,1 * .Hosiery,'"Kid Gloves, to suit the most fastidious^ ' 'NiVe'white cotton hose only 6 ots. ' ■ Cloth, Cassimeres for Genfa and Boy’s wcnr. an. • immensffareoflfflOnt'frtmi# fine all wool Cassimeres only 75cts. i, i Millinery Gooijs,iw|i.<ileaalo and retail, at Now York jobbing prices., ~Millfn,rs taka notice. , i i ■ Trunks, Vnfi|es, cheap. Hoop Skirts, best* quality and style,' 20 pli'hlntldss thifti 1 oftewhere. r Sake VourhitDDeyi bny your' Goods pt ■ r DORM Alik'S BEE HIVE, ; ■ a - ' ■" . JSB Water St., Elmira, N. Y. •Blmire,April9,lB62. apr. 17-m«. ill ■'/ t.. • - i ' . -i ~ .- ■'! — , War! War for tlie Unlon! :v,d * '' • ' ■ ' ' . ; ; '• 'r THEi undersigned would respectfully inform,JnB s old friends, customers, and the public generally, .'that he has opened a ' . .. • , * ,L * "AND OH AIR SHOP . ; ; on Main Streak opposite H. W,. .Dartt’s Wagon Slhib, .wherß:heHht«Adaio keep constantly on hand a gene ral assortment of . * ~ C a-hiTiet Ware, Also. Coffins.to order, jiDdus .aa yftn be jw><juted phairs 6F' every variety from. to the.CHEAPEST, to ' I’.f A ! ' : Aiko-Ttrnltlg of allkinds done to order aiidia Suit 1 C VBT O'MEB S. . •a--."" - Tho hndereignedhaving had niany. years psperi :*niVe] both in France andin thisgJountry»fpjds.pQnfi dept that he cannot be excelled in either of the above liraric6cB or - 'niebhanism—and' further'Would rCcom mend lhe publie to ■■■■■■ ■ k - J !I£ISJOSKtAND-SSAi!l2f&■ ' • 1 his "workmanship jand prices-Before purchasing else- : where. , JACPB 6TIOKLIN. nrflSfS^teri»jts«a: s ■** ■ 1 i »■•■••.■•;/ j'• UNION STORE, ; *“ * 7 %'eel se onto, u " w '-; Areopeninglfc'Gno^Stockof ,' .:' .• :isrEWoaqiDs -; be Bold POR CASH, at R little*AflOVE COST, if posaibl' v'.. 'l "> WE'^;^«o ! -lKf- ~•- r r CaH't&tfw* ferNeif QaWde-itti j-Pfietgr, __ N p. 8. AU-pereoiia haringißmettled aetnae,t»<«) owj Bosk*' are, Tffljwated to eettle-the aapiOjby'Cfiah oi Note, «Wttfin<«tyT&8 r wo intend “tb'bSil on the pag rfbimr’ivftetai rintil further hdrlcea from tbe scat of wwT r - J. W.TBAILBX A CO. 31,1861. I^l 5 i iISaE £ 1 WftOKG OKBIQHT3p>i : AMPITEfm « fcLSBORCi, TIOGA COUA’TT. PA., WEDAIBDAT MORKTFG. MAT 14J; IS6I lt M : ux-Af.isA Yraaaa -anv AGITATOR. fj f' }, i l'l “LIST OF THE KILLED.’’ ' T Mothers who sit id dumb terror and dread, 7 .‘Holding that terrible list, •’ "■>' - ■ Fearingtolodfc lea.-t you' «eoTnid the dead ‘ ‘The name of the hoy you have kissed— Kiesede’enas-tiose who inanguish and pain, ' .'Kias.preoiousfacesof-clay,- . ,[ ; - ' EUn as yon would bad yon shuddering lain, 1 That dear one in grave-robes away— - I Wtyyonj sitting, with faces aa whiW l 7 ; j Striving' tcpawy the blow; f '■ ,1 know-how that naute will torturejrour sights ; , - ; Can fathom tho depthcf your woe, the pang that rent my desplateheart, ‘By this,crushing weight of-dispair, - 1 0 - IjknoV how yon too wilt shudder and start,, a ’ Reading that dearly-loved nameitbere. r ■■ T I‘know yon’lt bosh tbatpassldnate cry, ' Thinking df him as he lies, ' : ;! r 7 iWtlrbeantifnl face uptdrned to the sty, ' ■ - V Death yelling the glorious eyes. ' : ‘ r Fightipg.he fell 1 ” Does a feeling of pride - Lightenyour grief as you think • How-brave was the boy that went frdm your side— " How' ho would not falter orshrinh 7 ■' iftfe mother's love triumphs. Mencall women ' -weak— f ■ 'Ah, well, perhaps it is so! :,;i ' I know there are tears e’en now on my cheek . For the boy that’s lying so low. 1 , Iknow that I atartart eiich step on! the stair, With wistful glance tarn toward the door, . Til io king, perchapce, that' ray darling is there— I /peace,'heart, he can copse nevermore. Bat still there’s, a thought that softrasmy woe— r iAbuvg there’s a glorified list; j And one day I’ll ileal »iih ropturons glow The name of- giebny I bavekifsed. CONFISCATION OF FBOPEBTT. dgNATOR WILMOT’s 'SPEECH.- On tbe SOcb of April,' the Bill for the confis cation of the property of the rebels, in arms against the Government, {being before the Sen ate. Mr. Wilmont said: Mr. President, the second section of the bill reported from thd Judiciary Committee, is an act Of emancipation, giving freedom' to the slaves of those,who, during'the present rebell ion, shall take up arms against the United States, or in any manner give aid and comfort to said rebellion. The bill itself declares their emancipation without the intervention of court or commissioners, and provides that in uny pro seeding by the .master, to enforce his claim agavnst'tbe slave, he •hall establish his loyally before an order shall be made for the surrender, of the slbve. The b.ill also provides for the confiscation to the national, rrehsdry' of; both thereal and personal astute of rebels whoshail. ‘aftbr the pnssageof- this act, be engaged in the re^Mliopj;br if! it aid. and- Comfort/Abd who tbe-Uniled-States. nod Jieyntld the reach ,of Jit t "fliWitl process.' ’The hill-does notper ee -wv-rk « forfeiture, but the Forf-itrire takes place after seizure And appropriation by the commissioners: -nppointed-to net within these- Slates -and dis • triots where the rebellion makes the holding of courts Impossible, and after condemnation'by the courts, in districts where tbey-can be-held, of the property seized,,upon, proceedings in, rent, as in .prize coses, or cases of forfeiture arising under the revenue lawd. I will consider briefly of-both features of-Die bill;' ■ -section, the providing for the. emancipatioff of lhe slaveA of rebel*,’l sustain.- in the whoie length and ■ breadth of its priivi-. sions. While I shall claim for the Government full power over iboWbject of slavery, I would not at this time go" beyond the provisions .of this bill. I would to-day, give freedom to the slaves' of every traitor; and-after Jhat would: confidently l«6k-for the early ■ adoption of the policy reominended by the President, gradual ly,to work out the-great- result of universal emancipation. < ■■ SpeciafguarAutees are claimed for the, pro-; tection of sjavery. Exemption js; demanded) for it from the'hazards and necessities of war. Greater security is attempted to be thrown around it than is accorded to any Other inter est ot right. I deny the legality of this preten sion' in behalf of slavery. It has no constitu tional baus. Its claims of peculiar ,sneredness, ,and for special protection!'are an insult to the nation. - Life and liberty are made secondary to the" 'safely and preservation of'slavery. The property, of the nation is'to be* subjected to heavy contributions', the -lives, oj* tens of thou sands-of its citizens sacrificed, hundreds of thousands’of widows and orphan’s cast upon the .'Charity,' of .friends for support, all that jwe; pos sess,Tife'nnd property, are at the disposal of the Government; slavery abme claims exemption, I lie cause of the rebelliohVthe parent of all the calamities that threaten, and. afflict us. This great revolt against the integrity and.sover eignty of the 'nation has' no other foundation {hair slavery; ~-Demoofatitpgovernmeht is d per*, petual flarigerko slavery. Tlie governmen: of an oligarchy is demanded' as security Air its perpetuity and power; Here - la! the cause of the rebellion,withit* immense sacrifices of life and 'treasure,,.' .Amidst the sacrifices of this hour, this universal wreck of Interests,-shall the slaveholding-traitor, grasp Securely his hu man chattel ?■' -Not; sir; if my voice or vote can reach him. • -. -—We must- rightly' comprehend the unparal- Ulsd ■wickedness' of slavery, aridlha desperate jieterroip'ation with which it makes war on-tha Government, or we shall fail to deal with it as our- security and peace'demand. Fur thirty years slaveholders have ■ looked with fear and hatred-on our free system of government'. Uni versal suffrage and the wide diffusion'and in crease of knowledge were sources of constant dread'. -For years they have kept the peace on ly on the terms of their domination and our subjection. They have governed the country, ishaped its.foreign and domestic policy, con trolied its legislation on all questions of inter est to themselves, and - administered, in their own hands pr though northern men subservi ent to them, every high office of State, A moro imperious bTigdrchy iever ruled a government. . Tbefrcemen—thedemoorncyoE thenation— in the election of vindicated their-rigbt to administer the Governme&, ; nr(d in thd 'first hour ,of vibjoryswere - ; met -by the ? thejldveholders.Shall efir very overthrow thisCoverpmenV? Thehatidn has the' right'ofself-defenso, of salf-proteotitfh' —the right to make secure its peaoesiid eafd-'- INHUMANITY TO MAN" SHAM, CEASE, AGITATION MOST-COXTINITE : ty,* io the-war it has provoked, perils the .T»a . tional Existence. It istbeimmotable lav of i nalnreand of'nations, thnta State shallpre aerve'itself, that it may destroy ene my threatens its life. -*■. n.’ ’• Vat tel, a writer of caution, and of high: au thority on national law,'-lays it down that— "A State has a right to everything that can stecurelt from threatened danger, and to keep at-a distance whatever is capable of causing fte ruili. A nation is oblige# to preserve itself, 'and the law of-nnture gives it the tight .to-eve- Vytfiing witboat which itoooid not fulfill this - obligation. “Thrilaw of nations is originallyno more than the law of nature' applied to nations. We call that the necessary law of nations that con sists in the npplicationnf the law of nature to nations. It is necessary, because nations are ■absolutely obliged toobservo it. The necessary 'Jhw of- nations, being founded-on the nature of things, is 'immutable. ‘’Whence, asithis law is imhautable, and ‘the obligations that arise from it necessary -arid indispensable, nations can nei ther malte any changes in it by tbeir conversa tions,' dispense with it themselves, nor recipro cally with,em-bother.” ’ Again, Mr. Ruwie, in bis view of the Cnnsti tution.in speaking of unrdoty to maintain the Union; shys : ■■ ■ "■ln every aspect,-Iherefore, which this great subject presents, we feel the deepest impression of a sacred obligation to preserve the Urtinrt of our country ; we feel our glory, our safety, and ouv happiness involved in it; we unite the in terests of those who coldly calculate advanta ges with those who glow with what is little short of flllial affection, and we must resist the attempt of our own citizens to destroy it with the same feelings that we should avert’the dag ger of the parricide.” o ■ Slavery Is the parricide that now aims at the national life. We must bind the criminal in perpetual bonds, if we would secure to the na tion snfety-'and peace. The'right-oUa'state to preserve itself, is clearly setforth by Vatfel; nay, it is obliged so to do by a necessary jand paramount law.— Every writerof authority on the law of nations tjgrhes with Vattel touching the right of nation al self-defense. The law is consonant with rea son and justice and the common sense of man kind.and needs no citation of authorities to support it. ] The law being established, the only questions ’ripen-for examination are, the nature of this Government, and the hos- ile character of the enemy by which it is assailed. If we are a‘ -league-of l independent States, each; having the right! to withdraw at pleasure, and for causes th,a-*ufficiehcy of which each may judge, then the confederate States ore right in the indfpen dence' thcy assume, and theiwar on our: part is a war of and unjust. Our, right to carry on tbif war can only beldefemled onfrhe ground that we are a nation, hound by the obligation to defend our national existence. What enemy puts our safety in; pert) ; assails with war our unity and life f All enlightened and impartial men will give the same, answer. Slavery is that enemy—the deadly and persis tent foe of the/natioit. Slavery'has arganiied for the overthrow of the Government the great-, est rebellion.-in history,;and-without cause, save its fear and hatred of republican institutions. The nation Was prosperous and happy; life and ( property-Were secure; we enjoyed- a freedom, given to no other people, s - prosperity full,-to overflowing. Every blessing and every right was oars..' -The Government was only felt in theiprotection it gave-and in, the blessings it confem.d.- .The armed revolt nf the slavehold ers against a Government so just aid benefi cent is the most detestable crime on record.— Slavery -arms brother, against brother, and im-., broes the nation in fraternal blood. ! It, offers alliances with foreign despots -and consents to the establishment’ll! monarchies on our conti nent. Does any ..Senator on this side of the Chamber doubt that slavery ie the immediate cause of our troubles? If not, then I claim bis-support for such measures against slavery, as ’shall,make it powerless for future mischief. - I demand indemnity fur the past, security for the future. -The nation must never again, psss under the yoke of tfae slave power. [We must have no reconstruction re-establishing the dom ination of slavery. We shall deserve, and will receive, thd scorn and execration of the civi-‘ liznd world if we step hack,from the plain duty , before os. . We must give l the country lasting peace; we must cripple forever the; power of slavery, and enfranchise the nation; from its in ebfrnlrule. Slavery has made; and unmade,, built up and torn down at pleasure. It has enforced upon the Government, and country novel and .unwarrantable ■constructions of tbs, Constitution by threats of disunion and blood. It is ah element of constant disturbance and 'danger. Mr. Calhoun earlier, saw land more cle irly edniprebended than his- cotemporaries the’irreconcilable antagonism between freedom and slavery. ‘Commodore Stewart'is the wit ness that, ne-early as JSI4, Mr. Calhoun be-; dame satisfied that the two syslemsf rif society And labor could tioV both stand under one Gov ■ erninerit that slavery must go the ■‘wall, ora ’dissolution of the Union was inevitable. He devnted hls-life in giving-'strength to slavery, aridlhnspreparmg for the conflict which he,, sa'w must safely 'come;' - What Mr. Calhoun saw in 1814 is now the philosophy arid fixed "belief-bf t -th'e J leaderB of the South.' 'This'-war on their partis for the perpetuity of slavery, and tbit can only berseoured at;the;expense of , individual aad.national freedom. The bonstitulion is-continually pushed for-, ward in support of, the inviolability of slavery. Sir, I' deny that 1 the constitution contains any special ■ guarantees -in behalf-of slavery. It provides- for- the surrender of persons owing labor or service escaping feem one Stateinto another to the person to whom each' labor or service is due. Thii isns applicable to appren tices as to slaves ; and, at the time the Consti tution was franied. embraced a large number of emigrants known ns redemptiohers. one .•ever claimed that property in.the serviceof an iipprentioe J was -specially ptfieed'under national protection because of this provision. If, how ever,' lhe.'3UonBtjtritiod J wer# l ' all that ‘ claims fin; it in this respecfl'the pafematmt low ! of self-preservation' is ‘not tho Idee obligatory on the nation." Whatever we deem necessary, In tlhe exercise nf anhoneßtnnd tiopnd discretion, as means of preserving national existence, thnt’we have the nuthority of laW to do. This doctrine is clearly recognized in the Jate special meij'enge of 1 the President to Congress recom mending national aid to the liberating border States. Itis sound law, and has both Mason and authority in its support. Slavery is notonly the cause, but one of the great supports of the re bellion. Slaves do much of the work of the rebel army—throw up the intrenchments and the fortifications of the enemy. Their labor, In a large degree, furnishes the means of support to the armies employed against 'us, and, gives to the confederate States the little crefiit'they have either at home or abroad.— Yet slavery-is the one thing we'must not dis turb. We must not directly attack it, even though the nation perish through our forbear ance. To no other interest do we accord this exemption from the dangers and, necessities of war. bit. President, I, come now to consider the bill as an act of confiscation. Here its provi sions are not ns broad and j sweeping as its op ponents represent.) It is not a general act of dionfiscation against (he properly nf nil rebels, Hut against the property of such only as shall be beyond the reach of -judicial process. The bill is based on the principle that if the rebel ■can be arrested, and punishment indicted upon him through the courts, his property is'not mo lested,; But if be .abandon his property, and flea the country,, or be within, territory where the rebellion has overridden the, authority of the United States, the bill proposes, after con demnation in court, or by military commission ers when no eourtsjbe held, to take and sell his property, placing its proceeds in the national Treasury. I favor the amendment adopted on Thursday last, of the Senator frem Ohio, [Mr.; Sherman.] I desire .to reach only the property of the leaders of the rebellion.' To tile masses of the southern people, who have been grossly deceived, I would grant an amnesty, a full and free pardon. I Three grounds ojf objection are made to this bill. It is claimed! to be in contravention of the law. of nations b violative of the Constitu tion of the United States; and that its passage would be most impolitic, driving our enemies to desperation, and sowing the' seeds of bitter enmity for generations to come. I will consider, briefly, the ohjeetions prsen ted. The Senator from Missouri, [Mr. Hender son,] labored learnedly to make good the first ground of objection.' De cited authorities of weight and respectability ; but upon farther examination he will find, I think, the law set tle<f against him; both up general authority and by the decision of pur own courts. . Rational law rests upon the law of nature, conventional law, or treaties, and’upon general customs which, by common consent, have the force of law. Nations are bound by the natu ral Jaw, which is cs led the necessary law of nations. Of this I considered in speaking of emancipation under this bill. It is of univer sal obligation, binding at all times and under all circumstances. Conventional law rests up on conventions and treaties, and of course binds those nations only that are parties to them.— General customs or’.usage have theanthority of. law only by the consent of nations!, and each nation has the right to decide for itself under whe[t circumstances' and to what extent it will submit to a custom or usage. This must of pei.-essity- be so. The right is essential to the freedom of nations. Yattel sayst “The natural society of nations cannot suh-, the right' encKhuve received from nature are not respected. None would willingly re nounce its liberty : it would rather break off all connection with those that should attempt to violate it. From, this liberty and independ ence it follows that every nation is to judge its ooncience demands; of what it can air cannot do; of .what it is proper or improper to he done. In all cases where a nation has the liberty of judging what its duty requires, an other cannot/oblige it to any given action. For •attempting this would be an injury to the lib erty of nations.” As an independent member of this common wealth of nations, we alone determine when and how far we will be bound by the customa ry law. Upon the hypothesis, then, that the measure before us is in conflict with interna tional law, still our right to enact it cannot be questioned. Should we pass this hill, what power will an nul it within our jurisdiction, on the 'ground that the law of nations.is violated ? If nation al law is. invaded nations most comb to its sup port. Does any Senator believe that the pas sage of this bill would provoke towards ua the hostility of nations? Would the foreign min isters resident here, protest on behalf of their respective Government!* f Sir, we know they would not, and for the best of reasons; the bill dues 'not impinge onthe national law. So much Of ;the bill as is a measure of emancipation would be hailed with joy throughout the civil izied world. For this we would receive the plaudits instead <if, the censure,of nations. i I:havo thus fur Considered the case on the .hypothesis that the bill is violative of national law, and presented the ground that .we are bound .to obedience by our consent alone. But the law is well settled in ‘ favor of our right to seize and confiscate the property; of an alien enemy in time of war, and'who, at the time of seizure, is engaged in peaceful commerce. -The case is greatly strengthened against a rebel in arms.. The point was decided in pur supreme Cpu.it, in the case of Brown , vs. the. United States. (8 Grand), 110. The points raised for adjudication were: 1. May enemies’- property found on land nt the commencement of hostilities be seized and condemned? And ;2. Is an aot-of Congress, authorizing such seizure and' condemnation, necessary ; or does ' tile right follow a declaration of war? I The opinion of the court .was delivered by Chief; Justice Marshal)., On tbefirstpuint, the ;ohu,rt says r .... , ’ the power of the Government, n'n.doufit.is,entertained. That war gives the sovereign full right to take the. persons, and chnftsaate the property of the enemy; wherever : found, is conceded. - The mitigation of thiarulS, Advertiiananti will bo charged 51 peraquare of 1# lines, one or thpee insertions, and 26 eenn for crcij subsequent insertion.' AdTertisernerts of'lM9 Hoes considered as aaqoare.yXhesubjoinetfrateewin ba charged for Quarterly, Half-Yearly aad Yearly »<*- reftisamenta': " 8 VOHTHB. 9 KOXTHt. 11 *OWH» 54,69 <«,90- 5,M .5,50 8,08 . 7,00 . -'8,69 Sqnar*, - 3 do. . : i column, - - B,oo' • -9,50 - M,e. i do. - 16,00. »,M .80,00 Cohmn, - -.- 26,00 i . 86.00 60,W Advertisements hothaving theßomber of insertfev f desired marked open them, will be published until or • dered oat and charged accordingly. Posters, Hsmdbills, Bill-Heeds, Better-Heads andoll kinds of jobbing done in coßntryostablishmenfi, er eonted neatly and promptly. Justices’, Const*tie’s, and other BX.AHKB constantly on hand. NO. 40. which the humane and wise policy oh,modern times.has introduced intopraotiee, witffmoreor less nffect-the exercise of tbisright, but cannot impair the .right itself. - !' That ramains nndi tninighed, and when the: ebrereign,-anthority shall choose to bring it into operation. the judi cial department must give effect to its will.? • Kent, in commenting on this case, says: “However strong the cuirent of authorityTn favor of the modem and milder construction of the rule of national law off this" subject'the point seems to be no longer open for diasoussion in this country. 'lt has been definitely-settled in favor of the ancient and sterner'rule, by the Supreme Court of the United States. Tho ef fect of war on British property, found in the United States, on land, at the commencement of war, was learnedly discussed and thoroughly oousidered, in the case of Brown ; and it was decided as upon as settled rule of the law of nations,’that the goods of an enemy fbmid in the country, and the i vessels and . cargoes found afloat in our ports, at the commencement of hostilities, are liable to seizure and confisca tion ; and the exercise of, the right vested in the discretion of the sovereign of the nation.” The right tp seize and confiscate the proper ty of an alien 'enemy, wherever found within onr territory, is as clearly established as the adjudications of onr own courts can establish it. He who is both a public enemy and a trai tor surely cannot claim to. stand in a better po sition thah an alien enetay actually guilty of no offense. The traitors of our country occupy a very different position, from that of lawful belligerents. It is true thatwe accord to them many belligerent rights, but we may properly treat them as traitors.' As against them, we are possessed of every beligerent right, as fully as if they were an independent.nation levying war against us;• and we sire .also, possessed of all the.rights of a legitimate sovereign against traitors in armed revolt. \ Their property can not be reached, because they are'citizens,;afid entitled to the protection of the Constitotion I ■“No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property,.without dud process of law 4” that is, without proceedings, ascordingto the course of the common law. How grossly we violate the Constitution in shooting down these citizen traitors t - Thera can be n } mistake. The vio lation of-the .Constitution is most palpable.— We take the lives of these citizens and broth ers without due process of law. How absurd is all this. Those in reb allion are both trai tors and public enemies, add are. amenableto the lawsprovided against both. An.alien en emy, whose" property is fonnd among’ ns, hav ing never himself borne against the coun try,'this propertjr-we seize and forfeit; but>if his allegiance were due to; ns, if he had sworn, •to support and {defend the Constitution,, aijd ! then wickedly perjured himself, if bo had borne commission in rebel armies, and devoted his all to the overthrow, of the,Government, we can not take and forfeit bis property; it is under the aegis of the’Const!tntil ri, and mast be ased only in the service of the rebellion. The very -point I am now considering waerecentlybefora the United States district court of Massachu setts.' . , Tbe Amy Warwick was captured on the high seas' by tbe United States ship-of-war, Quaker City, August 10,1861. T ieiibel waa against both vessel and cargo, The.vesael-and part .of the cargo were admitted tp..belong\to citizens and permanent residents o'? Richmond, Virgin ia. Tbe hearing was cohf ned to the property so owned; the question’ as to. the rest of the cargo left for future-investigation. Spfauge, Jostice.delivered the opinion of the court. ; I give so muohasbeare consideration: “Some have apprehended that .if this con flict of arms is to be deemed war, our enemies must bare, as against the | Government, all tbe immunities of international belligerents, But this is to overlook .tbs doable , character, which these enemies sustain. are at time belligerents and traitors, and subject to the liabilities of both ; while the United States sustains the double character of'belligerent ahd and sovereign, and have the rights of both.— These rights coexist, and may be exercised,at pleasure. Thus w.e may treat the .crew of a rebel privateer, merely as prisoners of.war,'or as pirates or traitors ; or we may at the same time, give, to a part ef the crow tbe 6be charac-_ ter, and to the residue the .otheiVandafter traating them as prisoners of war, we-may ex ercise over them, sovereign power and deal with them, as traitors. The temporary hon-oser of such rights is not a renunciation of them, but they may be cabled into praotical exercise/' “Mr, "Wharton, in bis Elements of Interna tional Law, (ppge 365,) so strongly maintains belligerent righto in civil war, .that aorae of bis lafigaage would imply that there were.no other righto. This, however,. could not have been intended; for if sovereign rights bo at an end, the war is merely international.- Civil war, ex ci termini,'imports that sovereing righto are n«t '' relinquished, bat [insisted on. Tbe war is. waged'to tnaintainthem. ,-;Koae vs. . Himely, (4. Cranch, 272,) was a case -arising out of the exercise of sovereign rights by France.in her civil war vHth ScDomingb. The " court recognized the co-existence of belligerent and sovereign rights. ■ j “Tbe United States have, during the present war, exercised both belligerent, and sovereign righto.' : . I . ‘ “Examples of the fomer.nre receiving cap* itulations of the enemy jas priseners/of war, and bolding and Exchanging them assuch ;and a still more prominent instance is the blockade which, before the assembling of Congress, was established by military authority of the Com mander-in-Chief.” “I am satisfied that- the trifled States ns a nation, have full and complete belligerent rights, which are in no degree impaired by the fact that their enemies owe allegiance, and .have super added the guilt of treason to that of unjust *ar.” ' The confiscation of the'property of those en gaged in rebellion add na*ueae»ft>Krevolati«n is a part of the history iofimrilitad nations. It is deeply impressed -upon,- English legislation -during the test century. cjßalf the .tjtlea of the kingdom restopon * (Concluded ige.) Bates of Advertising. on the point nn.der 30,0? ■».W
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