( . (11T11[1 tit tlattlity ournat.--gefiottli to Volitits, Agriculture, fiteraturt, fort* pomestic antr fitueral intellignut, fr. ESTABLISHED IN 1813 1 1jJJ' I j 4( MI PUBLISHED BY R. W. JONES AND JAS. S. JENNINGS. Waynesburg, Greene County, Pa. 11:70rwrvir. NEARLY OPPOSITE THE PUBLIC SQUARE. .-II tr 111 Set 'illinnitontrnow.- 2 . 0 ( ) in advance ; $225 at the et: ,101raltion of six months; $.2.50 after the expiration of ilbe year. Aavurriastexicrs inserted nt $1.50 per square for iihree insertions, and 50 cts. a square fm each addition al) insertion; (ten lines ea lees counted a squaw.) Eira liberal eetteertrwt made to yearly advertisera. irrlea PalArelse. Or all kinds. executed in the be-t style, and on reasonsisk terms, at (,p"Messenger' Job Write. ..hurn Vusintss Cubs. _ ATTORNEYS• •• •• PUILMAS• .7 O. RiTettlt PITRIMLAN & RITCHIE. ATTORNEYS AND cr betrg,itiNsEi.l.PaOES AT I. W Wit yires. _Or OrrirE—Mnin Street, one door east of tike old B tnk Building. rerS. II _ritziness to Greene, Washineton, and Fay 1.--ties entrusted to them, will receive lir6siu vita Con. ' aviation. •,, Si. i —Particular anent... 110111.101 4.lfretlAions. Bounty Moo nta maw ctaiasiniasttlie Government Slept. U. 1861-11, letelittlirLe.. J. J. 11 - 17E7JUN. lINEVONNELL do ECIFITIVLAN. arroßNErs AND COUNSELLOR'S AT LAW Waynesburg, Pa. Oflice he the "Wright llt East Donr. Scc.. will receive prompt attention. Waynesburg. April 43, DAVID CRA WFORD, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. Offire the Court House. Will attend promptly te all business entrusted to his care. Waynesburg. Pa.. July 30. 1863.-Iy. I=l BLACK & PH ELAN, ATTORNEYS AND COUN - SEI.I.ORS AT LAW Office in the Court Douse, Way Ile* ha ra. Sept. 11,1861-Iv. SOLDIERS' WAR CLAIMS: D. R. P. HUSS, • ATTORNEY AT LAW, WAYNENBURO, PENN AVI received from the War Department Wash ington city. D. C., otlicial copit M . the eoverai laws passed by Congress, and all ihe necessary Forma and Instruction: , for the proi , ecetion and collection of PICNSIONS, BOUNTY. BACK P.-11, doe dis charged and disabled soldiers, their widows, orphan ishilgren, widowed mothers. fathers, sisters and broth era, which business, (upon doe notice) will he attend edto promptly and accoratelv if entro,sed care Office. No, 2. Campbells 'Row.— Aim' 8. 1863. PHYSICIANS Dr. T. W. doss , 3P3harsicagan det eiturge•cazi, Waynesburg, Greene Co., Pa. Tsrice AND RESIDENCE ON MAIN STREET, east, and nearly opposite the Wright house. )nesbu-g, Aept. 23, 1653, DR. A. 0. CROSS WMILD very respectfully tender nis services ns PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, to the people of Waynesburg and vicinity. Ile hopes by a due appre lblatloll of human life and health, and strict affeetion to bassinirss. to [sterna share of public patronage. Waynesburg. January 8, 1362. IffERCEEANTS WM. A. PORTER, Wholesale and Renal Bea Jail in Foreign and Ponies 'Day Goods, Groceries, hintions, ike., Main Street. Sept. IL Nal Iv. MINOR & Co., 'Dealers in Vnneirs aind Lomeinie Dry Condo, nil% asties, queensware, Hardware and Notion*, oppo6ito Green [louse, Melt, street. Sept. 11, 1861-19., BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS J. D. COSGRAY, loot and Shoe maker. Main street, nearly opposite AO "Farmer's and Drover's Bank." Every style of Goole and Shoes constantly on hand or made to order. Sept. IL 1861-Iy. GROCERIES & VARIETIES JOHN MUNNELL, paler in Groceries and Confectionaries, and Yartety eliond • Generally. Wilson's Nrw Building, Main street. Sept. 11. 1861-Iy. WATCHES AND JEWELRY S. M. BAILY, Main street, opposite the Wright !louse keeps always on hand a large and elegant WialllrtlTlZla of Watches and Jewelry. KETRepairing of Clocks, Watches and Jewelry wit receive prompt att ntioo IPlee. 15. 1/461 ly BOOKS , &c. LEWIS DAY, Deader in School and Miscen“neous nooks, Station er', Ink, Magazines and Papers. One door east el Phil.?. ,4 l.nne. Maio rztrPelt Iv SADDLES AND HARNESS. SAMUEL M'ALLISTER, Meddle, Harness and Trunk Maker. old Bank Bulld og, Main street. Sept. 11, 1861—le BANK. FAMERS' & DROVERS' BANK, Waynesburg. Pa. C. A. BLAQK. Pres't. .1. I,AZEA R. Cashier . DISCOUNT DAY. WEDNESDAY tempt 11 I.st -le cues' lanbing. i DAILY MAU, HACK RUNNING REGI'LARLY BET% -EEN 111111115 Pill INITIIIIIIB THE nridersiened respectfotty informs the venermis Public, that having the contract for tiro carrying , f the . between the aboye points, he has placed tip th e 'route two new and commodious Hacks for the ac 'emitiniumeidertion of the travnl4ng montotteity, One Wit leave the Idatn't 110“-e, Waynesburg, every morn , itsog, mondaye except...o, at 7V o'clock, and will arrive , 01. Riese' Landing in time for the ITC•9,ILO Pittebargh. "0 • other wilt leave Rices' Landing at the sante time head:arrive in Wayeesbure at noon. No pains will be spared for the accommodation of passengers, TIMOTiIY DOUGHER, Proprietor. • spot 7th, 1861. no. 9. . . WAYWESBURG STE4,M MILL. • IL EOGEM a respeetfully Warta his friends and : . th e pe4V Ibe has leased the NEW STEAM streadyW47.toedshamenOningrd. nE Pa ate ., c d s i ts w re t, :e rna. lli can alw o a n ys the be ethetheet Grinding done on the was tenor as wow: ' , Loma and FEED 'opt constantly w i g . t . o r sea le* *the "Bert I s o w ha yealiell."oo. Wig, • It MB ' . . n will lie given to the col- Back Pay, and JOHN PHELAN Jeltrt , _ I! ottrg. Memory. A pen—to register; a key— That winds through secret wards, Are well assigned to 'Memory By allegoric bards. As aptly also might be given A pencil to her hand; That, softening objects, sometimes even Outstrips the heart's demand; That smooths foregone distress, the linE, , s Of lingering care subdues, • Long-vanished happiness refines, And clothes in brighter hues; like a fool of ranc-y, worke. Tho:e spectree tv ()nate, That stark.: conscience, as she lurks 'Within her ik.'nelY seat. Ol that our lives which flee so fast, In purity were such, That not an image of the past Should fear that pencil's touch. • R et hvuent then might hourly look Upon a sooL L '.'"g scene; Age steal to his allotted nook pontented and serene. With heart as calm as lakes IL,2t , sleep In frosty moonlight glistening; Or mountain rivers, where they creep Along a channel smooth and deep, To their own far-otT murmurs listening Wordsworth. GIVE. See the rivers flowing Downward to the sea, Pouring all their treasures, Bountiful and free, Yet to help their giving, Bidden springs arise ; Or, if need be, showers Feed them from the skies Watch the princely flowers Their rich fragrance sprerd, Load the air with perfumes, From their beauty shed; Yet their lavish spending, Leaves them in the ilettrth, With fresh liie replenished By their mother earth ! Give thy heart's best treasures, From fair Nature learn ; Give thy love and ask not, Wait not a return ! And the more thou spendest From thy little store, With a double bounty, God will give thee more. 7:1 i satlautoo. Speaking but Once. A STORY FOR BOYS Two gentlemen were riding together in a hack, the other day, when the name of a young lawyer of good talents and promise was mentioned, upon which the elderly gentleman said: "That is one of my boys." "Yes, was the reply "I have understood so." Tho elderly gentleman resumed: "Some twenty years ago. I was visiting my brother in Worcester county, and just as I was about returning home, he said to me: Don't you want a boy?— "Yes, I said, if I can get a good one.'' ''Well," said my brother, "I've got a good one, if there ever was one. I've got a boy that doesn't need speaking to but once." •'I took the boy, and after he had been with me three months, attending school, I asked him how he should like to conic and live with me. He said he should like i' I asked him if any one had any c.aim upon him—for he was an or phan. He replied "No." . "Finding afterward that a gentleman in Worwster cJunty pretended to have such a claim, I told the boy that he had better go and see him, and have it all settled. He went, and matters were all arranged, and he soon returned to live with me. ..One day, at the examination of the school in our district, the committee, who was a clergyman, came to me with the inquiry, 'What I was going to do with that boy?' Uli,' said I, kI suppose he will learn some trade.' 'lie ought to do that,' said the committee. •He'll never be contented. lie loves his books too well." "These few words set me to thinking, and I finally said to Johnnie: 'Wouldn't you like to fit for college? It you would, I will help you.' Johnnie said he would like it very much, but be had no means, after being fitted, to take him through. sald I, 'if you do not wish to study, you had better learn some trade ' Johnnie selected atrade, and I found him a good master iu L with whom he served his time." '•Finding that he 'kept at his books at the close of his apprenticeship, I said to his master, 'lf you will take hold with me, we will send that boy through col- My proposition was arreed to. Alter a year or two in the high school, Johnnie, was adMitted to college, and in due time ) 'graduated with credit to him- WAYNESBURG, GREENE COUNTY, PA., WEDNSDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1864. self and his friends, and I am not asham ed to call him my boy." Boys, I have written these few lines so that this fact may not be lost—that at least one boy has become an educated, highly respected, and promising young lawyer, because he was known as a boy who didn't need speaking to but once..--- I know this young man well, and I re gard him with great esteem. Nor do I believe he will ever be left to disgrace his kind benefactors. Will you not try and be like him?-- Congregationalist. Curious Cafouls tions. The simple interest of one cent, at six per cent, per annum, from the com menceinent of the Christian era to the close of the year, 3863, would be but the trifling sum of eleven dollars seven teen cents and eight mills; but it the same principal, at the sime rate and time, had been allowed to accumtilate at compound interest, it would require the enormous sum of 84,840,000,000,- 000 of globes of solid gold, each equal to the earth in magnitude, to pay the interest; and if the sum were cyuaiiy divided among the inhabitants of the earth, now estimated to be one thou sand millions, every man, woman, and child would rece,ve 84,340 golden world Ibr an inheritance. Were all these globes placed side by side in a itself; line, it would take tha, can girdle the earth iu the winL of an eye, 73 A ,0 i 0 d 0 if y a eat•st ravel from end to Par rott gun were discharged at one el'll'etn ity while a man was stationed at the other—light traveling 192,000 in a sec ond; the initial velocity of a cannon ball being about 15000 feet per second, and iu this case supposed to continue at the same rate ; and sound moving through the atmosphere 1120 feet in a second —he would see the flash after waiting 110,000 years; the ball would reach him in seventy-four billions of years; but lie would not hear the report till the end of one thousand centuries. Again, if all the masses of globe were used into one irodigions ball, 11,,ving the sun fir its centre, it would reach out into space, in all directions, one I I 0u... sand seven hundred and thirty millions -1 miles, almost reaching the orbit of Herschel or - Uranus; and if the interest were continued till the end of the pres ent century, it would entir„ly fill up the solar system, and even en , •roach five hundred millions or miles on the domain of the void beyond the planet of Nep tune, whose orbit, at the distance of two thousand eight hundred and fitly mil lions of miles from the sun, encircles our whole sys: em of worlds, The present system of flgurea is called the Arabic method, but it shattid more properly be termed the Indian method, because it had its origin among the Hindo3s . of India, from whom the Arabs learned it ; and they in turn, car:',„ the t into Spain, where "iney practiced it dur.n •• wen long occupation of that country. The publication of their as tronomical table in the form of Alma nacs was the principles means of grad ually spreading it abroad among the surrounding nations; but so slow was the progress, that it was not generally astabli4ied until about the middle of the sixteenth century. How brief the distance between life and death Life is but the vestibule of death, and our pilgrimage on earth is but a journey to the grave. The pulse that denotes our life stay beats our death march ; the blood which circulates through our bodies, while it flows with the tide of life, floats them onward to the deeps of &tali. Oh how closely allied is death to life! Trees do but grow that they may bo. felled. Empires rise and tiouri:di but to decay; they rise to fall. Death is the black servant who rides behind the chariot of lith. Death reacheth far throughout this world, and has st amped all terrestial things with the broad arrow of the grave. But blessed be God, there i; a Intw, - where death is not life's equal, following hard its track as evening shades the sun's meridian, nor life's companion like a brother sticking fast and cleaving close. There life reigns alone; there death knells are never tolled. Blessed land above the skies: To reach it we must die; but if after death, we obtain a glorious immortality, then "to die is Spuveon. The following is a list of the Presi dents and Vice Presidents of the Uni ted States, as Well as of those who were candidates for each office, since the organization of the Government: 1789—George Washington and John Adams, two terms, no opposition. 1797—John Adams, opposed by Thos. Jefferson, who, having the next, highest electoral vote, became Vice President. 1801.—Thos. Jeffe t.son and Aaron Barr ; beating John Adams and Charles C. P: ;gluey. 1809.—James Midi-on and Grgorge Clinton ; beating Cliarlss C. Pinckney. 1813 —James Madison :I , ld Ethridge Gerry ; heating De Witt Cliutoii. 1817.—James Monroe and Daniel D. T , irnpkins ; beating Rufai Ki ng . 1821.—James Monroe and Daniel D. Totnykins ; beating John Qainoy Adams. 1825 —John Quincy Adam- and John C. Calhoun; beating Andrew Jackson, Henry (ley, and-Mr. Craw Life and Death. Historial Record. ford—there being four candidates for President, and Albert Gallatin for Vice President. 1829.—Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun ; beating John Quincy Adams and Richard Rush. 1833.—Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren ; beating Henry Clay, John Floyd, and Wrn. Wirt, for President ; and Wrul Wilkins, John Sergeant, and Heny Lee, for Vice President 7837.—Martin Van Buren and Rich ard M. Johnson ; beating Wm. H. Har- Hrison, Hugh L. White, and Daniel Webster, for President, and John Ty ler for Vice President. 1841 —Wm. H. Harrison and John Tyler ; beating Martin Van Buren and Littleton W. Tazewell. Harrison died one month after his inaugurate ;n, and John Tyler became President for the re mainder of the term. 1845.—James K. Polk and George M. Dallas; beating Henry Cay and Theodore Ferlinghuysen. 13-19.—Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore ; beating Lewis Cass and Mar tin Van Buell tor President, and Will iam O. Butler and Chas. F. Adams for Vice President. Taylor died July 9, 1850, and Fillmore became President 1853.—Frank Pierce and William It King; beating Winfield Scott and W. A Graham. .I.Bs7.—James Buchanan and. John C. Breckinridge ; beating John C. Fre mont and Millard Fillmore for Presi dent; and Wm. L. Dayton and A. J. Donelson for Vice President. 1861.—Abraham Lincoln and Han nibal Hamlin ; beating John Bell, Ste phen A. Douglas and John C. Breck inridge for President; and Edward Everett, Herschel V. Johnson, and Joseph Lane for Vice President. Circumstantial Evidence. Referring to the Muller trial, a cor respondent of the Loudon Daily Tele graph says :—"A laboring man was timud dead in a field, and close by him was a pitchfork, which was identified as belonging to another laborer. The proper parties in those days immediate ly waited upon the laborer, and asked hint if he had been in a certain field on a particular day He said no. They searched the house and finical a pitchfork belonging to the dead man, with stains of 61 , ,0il upon if. Again they asked 14 in if he had been in the field, and he gave the same answer. They searched fu ther, and found sonic bloody clothes under his bed. He was put upon hie trial. The case went to the jury; they could not agree; they came into court, and the judge took the greatest pains to point Q'at to them the iudigpatable facts, which I have no doubt he thought were suffi cient to ii.ang any body, viz , the find ing of the prisoner's pitchfork by the Qide of the dead man, and the discovery of the dead man's pitchfork in the pris oner's house, as well as the bloody clothes under the bed. The evidence was sufficient tbr eleven of the jury men, but the twelfth stood out, and, atter repeated attempts to force the jury to an adverse decision ; they were dismissed because they could not agree, and the man was acquitted iu spite of such circumstantial evidence, apparent ly the most conclusive. Some few years after this trial, the judge went the same circuit, and dined with the obdurate juryman. He ask ed him how it was that he was so ob stinate in the case recited. The jury man replied, that if the judge would not tell anybody until after his death he would explain to him. This was a greed to, and the juryman confessed that lie was the murderer. He said he found the man stealing clover in his field ; a scuffle ensued ; he stuck the murdered man's fork into him, and left him dying. He went on further to say that the accused was returning from his work across the same field, and seeing the poor man in a dying state, took him upon his knee, untied his handkerchief; and. did all he could to ease and relieve him. While performing such a kind act, a thought probably came across the man's mind that if anybody should see him they might think he was the mur derer. So he gently put the dying man down and hurriedly left him, by mistake taking up the wrong pitchfork, and leaving his own behind. When the man got home he appears to have thought of his bl.)ody cl , thes, which he took uti and hid them as stated. He finally told the lie, which would have been fatal had not the actual murderer taken a goo I deal of trouble to get him self on the jury, and thereby to save an innocent man's life." The Wrong Signal. "What has happened?" said Mr. Hamilton to his son, who entered the room in haste, and with the air of one who had some intaesting news to corn munialte. "A freight train has run off the track and killed a man," said Joseph. 'How did that happen r said Mi Hamilton. "The watchman gave the wrong sig nal. The engineer said that if he had given the right signal, the accident would not have occurred." adding 3 wron4 signal cost a man his There 14 aPtllvr oonse in which wtottgsignal soffifitlirres 00110i013 the loss of hie---of fife ,4pir(tut preacher who fails to declare t e wai of salvation as it is laid down, in,God* word, who teaches that all • - atoll be • saved, "or • teaches that men may secure their salvation by their own works. gives the wrong signal. In conse quence, men take the wrong track and go on to perdition. The private Christian, whose reputa ble standing in the church and in socie ty gives influence to his example, pur sues a course of conduct utterly incon sistent with the injunction, "Be not con formed of this world." The yonng Christian is led to practice a similar course ; by degrees be looses his spiritu ality, and becomes one of those who have a name to live, but are intl. The holding out of the wrong signal led Lo the disaster. A professing Christian exposes him self to temptation. He has power to resist the lemptation, and escapes un harmed. One of less power is led to follow his example, and falls into sin. To him his. predecessor had given the signal that there was no danger there. lie the wrong signal. We are constantly giving signals to our fellow-men—signals will direct their course in their journey to eternity. How careful sliould we be at all times to avoid giving wroflg signal! A Warlike World. The Opinion Nationale, of a recent date, gives this dismal picture of the present belligerent condition of the world : If there be a dead calm in politics, as well as business, among us, it is not the same in all parts of the little planet we inhabit. Three quarters of humanity, in fact, are living in the barbarous state of war. There is war iu Poland. War in Ageria. War in Tunis. War in Mexico. War in the United States. War in Peru. War in New Zeland. War in China and Kaehgar. War in Japan. War in Afghanistan. War in twenty countries in Africa. This is, unfortunately enough to dis courage the friends of universal peace, and who can say that they will not meet with still greater disappointmel is next year? Italy, Hungary, Poland, Den mark, and the Slavonian population of Turky, are not, it must be confessed, in the most pacific humor, and, to those who study the general situation of oar continent, it is Quite:evident that the general situation, instead of getting bet ter, goes on from day to day getting more and more oompiloatQa, The Tower of Babel. After a ride of 8 miles, says a writer in Dad:wood, we were at the - foot of Biers-Nintrood. Our horses' feet were trampling upon the remains of bricks, which showed here a and there, through the accumulated dust and rubbish of ages. Before oar eyes uprose a great mound of earth, bar ren and bare. This was Bier Nimrood, the ruins of the Tower of Babel, by which the first builders of the earth had vainly hoped to scale high heaven. ELere also, it was that Nebuchadnez zer built , for bri-ks bearing , his name have been P)und in the ruins. At the top of the mound a great mass of brick work pierces the ace mulcted soil. With your finger you touch the very bricks, large, square-shaped and mas sive, 'that were "thoroughly" burned ; the very mortar—the "slime," now hard as granite—handled more thin four thousand years ag, , o by earth's im pious people. From the summit of the mound, far away over the plain we could see glistening. brilliant as a star, the glided dome of a mosque, that caught and reflected the bright rays of the morning sun. The glittering speck was the tomb of the holy Aly. To pray before this at some period of his life ; to kiss the sacred dust of the earth around ; there at some time or other, to bend his body or count his beads—is the daily desire of every devout Mahom medan. The Continent an Iceberg. Prot. Agassiz in the Atlantic Monthly, comes to the conclusion that the conti nent of North America was at one time covered with ice a mile in thickness.— The proof is that the slopes of the Alle gheny range of mountains are glacier worn on the very top, except a few points which were above the level of the icy mass. Mount Washington, for in stance; is over six thousand feet high, and the rough, unpolished surface ot its sartunit, covered with loose fragments, just below the level at which glacier marks come to an end, tell us that it lifted its head alone above the desolate waste of ice and snow. In this region, then, the thickness ot the sheet cannot have been much less than six thousand feet, mad this is in keeping with the same kind of evidence in other parts of the country; for. whereever the moun tains are such below six thousand feet, the ice seems to have passed directly over them, white the peaks rising on the heights are lett untouched. The glacier, he argues. was God's great blow, and when the ice vanished from the face of the land.. it left it prepared for the hand of the husbanifinarl. The hard surface abr Merit can afford to give a long ' et he rocks was ground- r• to powder, the credit for praise. 3 •Tere minglea eleilleqb4 of the • 1 ;nu) the nice parries— erPatience is brit lying to, and rid lin4P regiom 14E4 with tn• . •vt the gale. ',I slid sad tem dititriitiA int and a soil was prepared fit for the agri cultural uses of man. There are eviden ces all over the polar regions to show that at one period the heat of the tropics extended all over the globe. The ice period is supposed to be long subsequent to this, and next to the last before the advent of this earth. Sunshine in the House. While we make it a daily duty to get at least an hour or two ot out-door sun shine, and failing, think it an important less to health and length of life, let us all aim lo create an indoor sunshine of the heart aul health, 1 - *y a systematic- de termination to exercise to.vard every I member of the household the fullest measure ot all that is forbearing, thought ful, affectionate, generous and lovely.— Let everything that has the most dis tant resemblance to a contemptible whine, to a devilish fault finding, to a brutish boorishness and to a narrow minded and degraded selfishness, be considered as emanations from the pit of darkness, where fiends and furies dwell, then shall light be in every dwelling ; cheerfulness in every face; and the twin kle of gladness in every eye; while every heart overflows with a joy so pure, that even angels might envy its sweetness and bliss. But let not this subject be dismissed without every parent, every child; determining to ask the question daily, with a religious interest, "How shall I act and speak this day, so as to bring the most sunshine to the heart and health of this household'?" And the fiercest indignation be the fretful wretch, fit only for a solitary prison on bread and water, or for a strait jacket, nine-tenths of whose waking existence is spent in bringing clouds in upon an otherwise happy household, by complaining and fault findings, and bitterness and repin ings, which none but the lowborn and the vicious delight to indulge in; to whom it is as natural to snap and growl as the ugliest car over his meigre bone. Hulte Journal of _Health. Increasing Soil. By deepening the cultivation of your soil, you add ti.) its quantity. Thus, by having your s - Al eight inches deep, where before you had it only four inches, you double its capacity—somewhat as though ycu had two acres now where you had only one before. Did you ever thin]; of this? Eight inches 9! cultivated soil has double strength of four. This is a new way of increasing your land—not new but our best 'armors, who under stand all this, and hence they cultivate deep: not deep at once, but gradually each year a little deeper, or at every ploughing Ploughing alone makes the soil mellow, has a wonderful effect, even without manure; but manure. it must be remembered is the main reliance always. In deepening your soil, judgment is required. Not too much of the raw sub soil must be brought up at a time unless it is rich; then plough deep. In clay soils a little at a time is the true theory. Cut off half an inch of clay, mere or less, at each ploughing. This, thrown up to the action of the elements, will be re duced to powder, and it at once goes to work drawing strength from the atmos phere—clear profit, you see; it has the effect of plaster. Then it is a manure itself: These heavy clay beds are valu able beds of manure. As they are gen erally spread out with your soil, you need only to adjust your clevis pin to manure your ground. But this must only he done when the super-soil is thor ouzhly friable, in good cultivated order. Too much clay brought up will stiffen your SW, and air, and heat and rain are kept out, and thus it remains stiff, cold, stubboi'n soil, on which little or nothing can be grown. Grass is the only thing that stands the least chance.— Valley Farmer. Fires in Bedrooms. Most people, says Dr. Lewis, even many intelligent reformers, have the idea that to slee v in a cold room is good— essential to health. It is an error. It is better to have an open fire in youur bedroom. The atmosphere is not only by such means constantly changed, but with the fire you will keep the window open, which will add greatly to the need ed ventilation. But more than this, with the fire you will have fewer bed cl,.thes over you, which is a gain, as a larger number of blankets not only inter feres somewhat with the circulation and respiration, but prevents the escape of those gasses which the skin is constantly emitting. Even furnace or stove heat with an cpen window is better than a eluse, cold room Interchange with the external atmosphere depends upon the difference between the temperature of the air within and that without. But let us have the open fire. Let us go with out silks, broadcloths, carpets, and fine ry of all kinds, if necessary, that we may have this beautiful purifier and dif fuser of joy in all our houses. In my own house I have ten open grates, and find with coal at eleven dollars- the ex pense is frightful, and if it were in any other department of housekeeping, I should feel I could not afford it but in this I do nut flinch, so important do I deem the open fire. NEW SERIES.---VOL. 6, NO. 26. Small Pens for Fattening Swine. That exercise conduces very litho towards taking on flesh, while quiet assists materilaly to hasten the oper ation of fattening, is well known, and should ever be taken into ac count by those who would fit auy animal for slaughtering. The fol lowing from the American Agricul turist, is worth the attention of the farmers. "From observation, ex tending over a dozen years or more, made in vittages'and rural districts, we have noticed that the fattest and the best pork is made in the former. where one or two pigs are kept in small pens. The villager has bat small room, and crowds his pig into small quarters for the whole year. It is fed on slops for eight months, and for the last four months is cram med with scalded Indian meal. Re gets pork of decidedly better quality than he can purchase, and gets it cheaper. The whole energy or the animal is forced by his training to the production of flesh and fat. The pigs of the farmer, on the osherhand, ran in pasture, or on the common, for six or eight month*, and are-shut up a dozen or more in a largepen to fatten, because he has plentyofroora. The energy of the animal has goner very much to the development of snout and feet, and the propensity to run and to root is not circumscri bed very much in his roomy pen. By Christmas he is not more than two-thirds fattened, and he has con sumed quite as much as the village pig, which is ready for the knito. We have made two yearling pigs, gooi four hundred and fifty pounds of pork, by Christmas that have never been out of a pen eight feet by twelve since they were eight weeks old. Small pens, kept dry, and regular feed is the secret of their thrift. To Keep Tires on Wheels. A practical man says on this sury ject: "I ironed a wagon some „years ago for my owrruse, and befbre put. tiny on the tires I filled the felloes with linseed oil, and the tires have worn out and were never loose. I ironed a buggy for my own use sev en years ago, and the tires are as tight now as when they were put on, My method of filling the fellow' with oil is as follows: I use a long cast iron oil heater, made for the purposei the oil is brought to a boiling beat. the wheel is placed on a etick, so as to hang in the oil each folio() an hour for a common sized felloe. The tim ber should be dry, as wet timber will not take oil. Care should be taken that the oil be not made hotter than boiling heat, in order, that the tim ber be riot burnt. Timber filled with oil is not susceptible to water, and the timber is much more durable. I was amused some years ago when I told a blacksmith how to keep tires tight on wheels, by telling me it was a profitable business to tight en tires, and the wagon-maker will 4 say it is profitable to make and re pair wheels, but what will th•farmer; who supports the wheelwright and smith, say," Gathering and Keeping Fruit. It is becoming a well understood principle that pears arc improved by being gathered before fully ripe: Some should approach nearer ma turity than others. 'But early ap pis should be fully ripe, as a gener al rule, before gathering. Late fall and early winter apples should not be eaten when picked, and all the late winter varieties should be gathered when too hard to yield to the pres sure of the thumb, and always be fore heavy fall frosts. A dry time should be selected, if possible. Apples should be kept cool, barely so as not to freeze. A mininum temperature of thirty-four degrees is probably about right, with as little fluctuation as possible. The ripening process once com menced, goes on, no matter how cold, if - frost is not present. slowly, per haps, but uninteruptedly until full maturity. Hence the importance. of a cool cellar, which should always be thy anchiark. Dt Aosta be fre— quently aired, when the outside tem perature will allow it.—?rains Is— diana Hort. Society. To Test Eggs. . L. A. Waters, Madison Co., lowa. says. The most expeditious way we know, and which is generally practiced by large dealers in this City, is to bold them between the eye and a lighted lamp or candle If the egg is good, the light will shine through with a redish glow, but if it be injured incubation or from long keen' w : Il be opaque or dark. T' more readily discerner' -- - ,l a e be the egg in paper or b y p i s a ng looking through .. other ttittr . and. enclosing it it, or ASkially tie p ir rlet ‘s ie amine de , a peroon 'will thus .ex ilike n ntrit'AV of evs in' it .tt • . time te.Tkan'V" With Agritulturai.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers