THE FOREST REPUBLICAN. Published every Wednesday by J. E. WENK. Offioe in Smearbaugb. & Wenk Building, KLM HTHKKT, TIONBsTA, PA. RATES OF ADVERTISING: One Square, one inch, one week... f 100 One Square, one iucb, one month. S 00 One Sqaare, one inch, $ months.... S 00 One Square, one inch, one year .... 10 00 Two Squares, one year 15 00 Quarter Column, one year 30 00 Half Column, one year .. so 00 One Column, one year 100 00 Legal advertisements ten cents per line each insertion. We do fine Job Printing of every de scription at reasonable rates, but it's cash on delivery. Forest Republican. Tents, l.00 A Year, Wrirtljr la Asvsace. No subscription received for shorter period than throe months. Correspondence solicited, bill uo notice will bo taken of anonymous coniinuulca .ions. Alwaysgive your name. VOL. XXXIV. NO. 35. TIONESTA. PA., WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER 4. 1901. $1.00 PEll ANNUM. BOHOUGH OFFICERS. iiroM.-T. K. Kitclicy. CWac.fiHen.-J. T. Kalo.W. Blum, Chas. Clark. T. K. Ari.istroug, Dr.J.O. Dunn, U. U. '""' J- , Juxticet vftht Peace C. A. Kiuidall.S. J. Htitley. CbiMfuAe II. K. Moody. Collector S. J. Setley. A'imi Ihreetom t. W. Ilolemaii, J. K. Weuk, J. C Scowden, I'atrick Joyce, V. W. tirove, K. L. Haslet. FOREST COUNTY OFFICERS. Member of OongreMS. K. P. Hull. Member of .S'eire A. M. Neeley. Aacmbly A. M. Ooutt. Prttitttnt JmtgeVt. M. Lindsay. AnoeuU Jmlyet U. It. Crawford, W. II. II. Ilniteror YorAoiiotary, Register t Recorder, . John H. KoiwrtHiin. fllteryff". J. W. JniHRMn. PreiuurerH. M. Henry. CbMMMJMinnrm It. M. Ilerinan, John T. Carson. J. T. Dale. IhHtrtet Attorney H. D. Irwin. jury dvamlijinners Levi U. Rey nolds, Pelor YooiiL'k. (toruner Dr. J. W. Morrow. Ontmr.v A uilitornJ . K. Clark, K. J. Flvnn, Ueo. j. King. (tHinly SHperMentlentK. E. Stitzin- ger. llraular Terms mf C'eart. Fourth Miindav of February. Third Monday of Mav. Fourth Monday of Septemlier. Third Monday of November. Cbarrk aail Hakkalk Hrkaal. Presbyterian Sabbath HcIiimiI at 9:45 a. lit. t M. K. Sabbath School at IO:tH) a. in. t'reachinii .n M. K. Church every Sab bath evening bv Kev. O. II. Ntckle Preai hliig In the F. M. Church every Sabbath evening at the usual hour. Kev. Melinrvv, Pastor. Nor loo in the Presbyterian Church every Sabbath morning and evening, Kev. J. V. McAnlnoh officiating. The regular meetings of the VV. C. T. U. are held at the headquarters on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each ill' nth. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. PI N EST A LOIN I K, No. 30, T. O. O. V. 1 Me 'U every Tuesday evening, in Odd Follows' Hall, Partridge building. I.VMIKST LODUK, No. K4, A. O. U. W., I Meets every Friday evening In.A.O.U. W. Hall, Tionesta. APT. HEOK'l K STOW POST, No. 274 (. A, K. Mwta 1st and 3d Monday evenimr iu each iiMnlh, in A. O. U. W. Hall, Tionesta. CAPT. liF.OKUE NTOW COUPS, No. 1;I7, W. It. C, meets first and third Wednesday evening of each month, in A. O. U. W. ball, Tionesta, Pa. rpiON EST A TENT, No. ItU, K. O. T. 1 M., ineeis Hud ami 4th Wednesday evening In each moiilli in A. O. U. . hall Tionesta, I 'a. Hi F. HITCH FY, 1 ATTOKNE Y-AT-IiA W, Tionesta, Pa. S HAWKEY . MUSN, AT roltN KYS-AT-LA W, Warren, Pa. Practice ill Forest Co. C. M. SlIAWKKY, tiKO B. Munn. J W. MOKKOW. M. D., Physician, Surgeon . Dontlst. Olllce and Residence lliree doora north of Hotel Agnew, Tionesta. Professional calls promptly responded to at all hours. D It. F.J. ItnVAKH, Physician A Surgeon, TIONESTA, PA. DK. J. C. DUNN, PHYSICIAN AND HIT IK) EON. Olllce over Heath Killmer's store, Tionesta, I'a. Professional calls prompt ly responded to at all hours of day or night. Residence May St. UK. J. D. G HEAVES, P ivsicisn and Surgeon Olllce and residence alsive Fores C. National Hank. County 'Phone No. 1. 17 K. LA N.HON. I . HEAL ESTATE, Tionesta, Pa HOTEL WEAVER, E. A. WEAVER, Proprietor. This hotel, formerly the Ijiwrence House, has undergone a complete cliange, and is now Hir.ntdiod with al. the mod ern improvements. Heated and lighted throughout with uatiirul gas, bathrooms, hot and cold water, etc. The comforts ol guests never neglected. CENTRAL HOUSE, V. UEROW A UEROW Proprietor. Tionseta, Pa. This is the most centrally located hotel in the place, anil has all the modern improvements. No pains will bo spared to make it a pleasant stopping place for the traveling public. First class Livery in connection. piIIL. KMERT FANCY BOOT A SHOEMAKER. Shop in Wallers building. Cor. Elm and alntit streets, Is prepared to do all Kinds of custom work Irom the finest to the coarsest and guarantees his work to give porfeel satisfaction. Prompt atten tion given to mending, and prices rea sonable. KiHiiiii im. UMAVU& At THE fAMER B'JSIEFSS UNIVERSITY, The roit praiUioil ,up-to-l4it frit lnsis Training School in Pnny 1 vtnl. 0 our Siudant bmi- Innlnc lucatlon. ft in bs r;ii to aau full par tloulsr. to iri7 tirireci, tpon rccelnt Of ippllcttlfin rnr rr. Our irJLBis aro holfllnc poat ttona of hi. nor anJ truat la all parta of th Unitoj biatea. For run prtlfulnra, ndroii, THX .AhhEll BUSINESS UKlVSafilTT. THE MESSAGE What the President Says on Important Subjects. TRUSTS AND RECIPROCITY How He Would Deal With These Prob.ems. He Drrlarra Publicity la al Present tbc Only Bare Itemed? Against Kvlla of Combination. While Op ponlug Aujr General Tariff Cbanite. He I pbulda (he Principle of Itecl proclly Advocates llrdaetloa ol Doty on Cohan Imporfs Into Tills Coonlry Importance of Dnlldlna ih Isthmlnn Cannl and the Paclfle Cable Ircrd The Phllipplnea and Olbrr Insular Qoestlona. Wnslilngton. Pec. 3. The president In bis annual message to congress says: The congress assembles this year un der the Kliiulow of u great calamity. Un the Htli of September President Mc Klnlcy was shot by till uniit'chlst while attending the Puii-Amcricuil exposi tion ut llnlTalo and died in that city on the I Ith of that iiiomh. Of the last seven elected presidents hp Is the third who has been murdered, mid the bare recltnl of this fact la stillleleut to Justify grave alarm among all loyal American citizens. Moreover, the circumstances of this, the third 08 sassluiillon of an American president, have n peculiarly sinister glgnlucnnce. Until President Lluculu and President (iarlield were killed by nssasslua of types unfortunately not uncommon lu history. President Lincoln falling a victim to the terrible passions aroused by four years of civil war nnd Presi dent iarlield to the revengeful vanity of a disappointed olllce seeker. Presi dent Mckinley was killed by mi utter ly depraved criminal belonging to that hotly of criminals who object to all governments, good and had alike, who lire ngalust any form of popular lib erty if It Is guaranteed by even the most Just nnd liberal laws and who are as hostile lo tlte upright exponent of a free people's sober will as to the tyrannical and lrrisHjuslble despot. Anarrby and AnarchlnU. The president continues with a eulogy of Mr. McKluley. then turns to the subject of anarchy, denouncing Its doctrines anil preachers. He says: I earnestly rccoiiiiueud to thecongress that In the exercise of Its wise discre tion it should take Into consideration the coming to this country of anarch ists or persons professing principles hostile to nil government aud Justify ing the murder uf those placed In au thority. Huch Individuals ns those who not long ago gathered iu open meeting to glorify the murder of King Hum bert or Italy periH'tntte a crime, nnd be law shutild Insure their rigorous punishment. They and those like them should be kept out of this country, and If found here I hey should be promptly deported to the country whence they came, and farrcachlng provision should be made for the punishment of those who stay. So matter calls more urgently fur the wisest thought of the congress. A subject Far Federal Courts. The feiletul courts should be given Jurisdiction over any man who kills ur attempts to kill the president or any man who by the constitution or by law is lu line of succession for the presidency, while the punishment for un unsuccessful attempt should be pro portioned to the enormity of the of fense against our Institutions. Anarchy is a crime against Hie whole human race, and nil mankind should (mud ir.'iiinst the an irehist. His crime should be made un offense against the law of nations, like piracy and that form of man stealing known as the slave trade. The president next considers busi ness conditions, which he finds highly satisfactory. He continues: The tremendous and highly complex industrial development which went on witli ever accelerated rapidity during the latter half of the nineteenth cen tury brings us face to face at the be ginning of the twentieth with very serious social problems. The old laws and the old customs which bad almost the binding force of law were once ittlte solllcient to regulate the ac cumulation and distribution of wealth. Since the Industrial changes which have so enormously Increased the pro ductive power of mankind they are uo longer Millie lent. Trade Comblnal Ions. The growth of cities has gone on be yond comparison faster than the growth or the country, nnd lhe up building of the great industrial centers has meant a startling increase not merely in the aggregate of wealth, but In Hie number of very large Individual and especially of very large corporate fortunes. The creation of these great coriHirutc fortunes has not been due to the tariff nor to any other govern mental action, but to natural causes In lhe business world, operating in oth er countries as they operate lu our own. The process has aroused much an tagonism, a great part of which Is wholly without warrant. It is not true that us the rich have grown richer the poor have grown poorer. On the con trary, never before has the average man. lhe wngeworker. the fanner, the una II tinder, been so well off ns In this country nnd at the present time. There Iinve been abuses connected with the rceumulutlon of wealth, yet It remains true that a fortune accumulated In legitimate tiuslnesn can be accumalat ed by the person specially benefited only on condition of conferring Itn niense Incidental benefits upon otb ers. Successful enterprise of the tym which benefits all mankind can onlj exist If the conditions are such as t offer great prizes as the rewards ol success. Reasons For Caution. The president adds that there an many reasons for caution In dealln with corporations. lie says: The same business conditions whlct have produced the great aggregation! of corporate and Individual wealtt have made them very potent factors It International commercial competition. Moreover, It cannot too often bt pointed out that to strike with Ignoran. violence at the Interests of one set ol men almost Inevitably endangers ttu Interests of all. The fundamental roll hi our national life the rule which un derlies all others Is that, on the wholt and In the long run, we shall go up 01 dowu together. The mechanism of modern btislnesi Is so delicate that extreme care uitisl be taken not to Interfere with It It a spirit of rashness or Ignorance. Ir. dealing with business interests, foi the government to undertake by crudf and ill considered legislation to dc what may turn out to be bad, would be to Incur the risk of such farreach lug national disaster that It would be preferable to undertake nothing at all The men who demand the Impossible or the undesirable serve ns the allies of the forces with which they are nom inally at war, for they hamper thost who would endeavor to dud out In ra tional fashion what the wrongs really are and to what extent and In what maimer It Is practicable to apply reme dies. Hon to Correct the Kvils. All this is true, and yet It is alsc true that there are real aud grave evils, one of the chief being overeapitnllzn tloti because of Its many baleful con scipicnccs. aud a resolute aud practical effort must be made to correct thest evils. It is uo limitation upon property rights or freedom of contract to re quire that wheu men receive from gov eminent lhe privilege of doing busl ness under corporate form, which freei them from Individual responsibilltj nnd enables them to call into their en terprlses the capital of the public, the) shall do so upon absolutely truthful representations as to the value of thi property In which the capital Is to b Invested. Corporations engaged In In terstnte commerce should lie regulated If they are found to exercise a llceust working to I he public Injury. It should be as much the aim of those who geek for social betterment to rid the busl tiess world of crimes of cunning ns tc rid the entire body politic of crimes ol violence, (ircat corporations exist oulj because they tire created and safe guarded by our Institutions, and it ii therefore our right aud our duty tt see that they work In harmony will these Institutions. Publicity the Flral Essential. The lirst essential in determining how to deal with the great Itidustria, combinations Is knowledge of the fuctl -publicity. In the interest of the pub lie the government should have tin right lo Inspect and examine the work Ings of the great corporations engaged In Interstate business. Publicity is tht only sure remedy which we can uou invoke. What further remedies an needed in the way of governmental ' regulation or taxation can ouly be de teriulued after publicity has been ob tained by process of law aud In tin course of administration. The first requisite is knowledge, full aud com plete know ledge which may be made public to the world. Artilicial bodies, such ns corporations aud Joint stock or other associations, depending .upon any statutory law foi their existence or privileges should U subject to proper governmental super vision, and full nnd accurate informa tion ns to their operations should be made public regularly at reasonable Intervals. The large corporations, commonly called "till sis. though organized In out, stale, always do business in uiauy stales, ofteu doing very little business! In the state where they ore Incorpo rated. There is utter lack of uniform ity lu tin- state laws about them, and, as uo state lias auy exclusive luterest in or power over!lhcir acts. It has in practice proved Impossible to get ade quate regulation through state action. Therefore, In the interest of the whole people, the milieu should, without In terfering with the power of the states In the matter Itself, also assume power of supervision nnd regulation over all corporations doing an interstate busi ness. Amend Constllntloa If Necessary. Wheu the constitution was adopted, at the end of the eighteenth century, no lillinnil wisdom could foretell the sweeping changes, nbke lu Industrial aud political conditions, which were to take place by the beginning of the twentieth century. At that time it was accepted ns n matter of course that the several states were the proper authorities to regulate, so far as was thru necessary, the comparatively In significant and strictly localized cor porate bodies of the day. The condi tions are now wholly different, and wholly different action Is called for. 1 believe thnt a law can be framed which w ill enable the national govern ment to exercise control along the Hues above indicated, protitlug by the expe. rieuce gained through the passage aud administration of the Interstate com merce net. If. however, the Judgment of the congress is that It lacks the con stitutional power to pass such an act. then a constitutional amendment should lie submitted to confer the power. There should be created a cabinet of ficer, to be known as secretary of commerce aud Industries, as provided In the bill Introduced at tbe last seav Blon of tbe congress. It should be his province to deal with commerce iu Ms broadest sense. Including among many other things whatever concerns labor ami all matters affecting the great business corporations ond our mer chaut marine. Labor. The president declares that he re gards it necessary to re-euact the Chl-uet-e cxclu.-iou law. In regard to labor he says Hint the government should provide in Its contracts that all work should be done under "fair" conditions and Hint nil night work should be for bidden for women und children ns well us excessive overtime. He continues: Very gient good has been and will be accomplished by associations or unions of wngewnrkers when tunnnged with forethought and when they combine In sistence upon their own rights with law abiding respect for the rights of others. The display of these qualities In such bodies Is a duty to the nation uo Us than to the associations them selves, finally, there must also lo many cases be action by the govern ment iu order to safeguard the rights and iuterests of all. Under our consti tution there is much more scope for such action by the state and the munic ipality thau by the natlou. Uut on points such ns those touched on above the national government can net. He asserts Hint the immigration laws are unsatisfactory and that a law should be enacted to keep out uot ouly anarchists, hut persons of a low moral tendency or of unsavory reputation and those who are below a certain standard of economic fitness to enter our Industrial Held ns competitors with American labor. The Tariff and Reciprocity. The president declares that nothing could be more unwise thnn to disturb the business interests of the country by any general tariff change at this time. He nilis: Vet It Is not only possible, but emi nently desirable, to combine with the stability of our economic system a sup plementary system of reciprocal bene fit and obligation witli other nations. Such reciprocity Is an Incident aud re sult of the linn establishment aud preservation of our present economic policy. It was specially provided for In the present tarilT law. Reciprocity must be treated as the handmaiden of protection. Our llrst duty Is to see that the protection grant ed by the tariff In every case where It Is needed Is maintained, and that reci procity be sought for so far ns It enn safely be done without Injury to our home Industries. Just how far this is must be determined according to the individual case, remembering always that every application of our tariff pol icy to Hurt our shifting national needs must he conditioned upon the cardinal fact that the duties must never be reduced below the point that will cover the difference between the labor cost bore and abroad. The well being of the wageworker Is a prime considera tion of our entire policy of economic legislation. Keed For Wider Markets. Subject to this proviso of the proper protection necessary to our industrial well being nt home, the principle of reciprocity must command our hearty support. The phenomenal growth of our export trade emphasizes the ur gency of the need for wider markets nnd for a liberal policy In dealing with foreign nations. Whatever Is merely petty aud vexatious In the wny of trade restrictions should Is? avoided. The customers to whom we dispose of our surplus products In the long run, directly or Indirectly, purchase those surplus products by giving us some thing In return. Their ability to pur chase our products should as fur as possible be secured by so arranging our tariff ns to enable us to take from tbeni Close products which we can use without harm to our own Industries nnd labor or the use of which will be of marked benefit to us. It is most Important that we should maintain the high level of our present prosperity. We have now reached the point In Hie development of our in terests when1 we nre not only able to supply our own markets, but to pro duce a constantly growing surplus for which we must (inil markets abroad. To secure these markets we can util ize existing duties in tiny case where they are no longer needed for Hie pur pose of protection, or in any case w here the article is not produced here nnd the duty Is no longer necessary for revenue, as giving us something to offer lu exchange for what we ask. The cordial relations with other na tions which are so desirable will nat urally be promoted by the course thus required by our own Interests The natural line of development for a policy of reciprocity will be In connec tion with those of our productions which no longer require nil of the sup port once needed to establish them upon a sound basis aud with those nHi ers where either because of natural or of economic causes we nre beyond the reach of successful competition. I ask the attention of the senate to the reciprceity treaties laid Ix-fore It by my predecessor. The Merrbnol Mnrlne. The condition of the American mer chaut marine is such as to call fur im mediate remedial action by Hie con gress. It is discreditable to us ns n nation that our merchant marine should be utterly insignificant In com parison lo that of ether nations which we overtop in other forms of business. We should not longer submit to condi tions under which only a frilling Hr lion of our gn at commerce Is carried ill our own ships To r edy this state of things would not merely serve to build up our shipping Interests, hot it would aho result iu benefit lo all who arc Interested in the peiiiianeiii estab lishment of a widir market for Amer ican products and would provide ail auxiliary force for the navy Slops work for tnelr ow;i countries Just ii railroads work for their terminal p Mii-. Shipping lines, if established to the principal countries with which we have dealings, would he of political as well us commercial benefit. From ev ery standpoint it Is unwise for the I'liited States to continue to rely upon the ships of competing nations for the distribution of our goods. It should be made advantageous to carry American goods lu American built ships. At present American shipping Is un der certain great disadvantages when put iu competition with the shipping ef foreigu couutries. Many of the fast foreign steamships, nt a speed of four teen knots ur above, are subsidized, and nil our ships, sailing vessels and steamers alike, cargo curriers of slow Bpced aud mall carriers of high speed, have to meet tbe fact that the original cost of building American ships Is greater than Is the case abroad: that the Wages paid American otllcers and sea Men are very much higher thnn those paid the otllcers and seamen of foreign competing countries, and that the standard of living on our ships Is far superior to the standard of living on the ships of our commercial rivals. Our government should take such action as will remedy these Inequalities. The American merchant marine should be restored to the ocean. Financial. The passage of the act establishing gold as the standard money has. it is declared, been shown to lie timely and Judicious. The president adds: Iu many rcsis-cts the national bank ing law furnishes sullicleut liberty tor the proper exercise of the banking function, but there seems to be need of better safeguards ngalust the de ranging iiillucnce of commercial crises and financial panics. Moreover, the currency of the country should be made responsive to the demands of our domestic trade aud commerce. Economy iu expenditures Is urged. Amendment of the Interstate commerce act Is advised to insure the cardinal provisions of that act. The work car lied on by Hie department of agricul ture Is uext considered and praised highly. The president then turns to forest preservation and Irrigation of mid lauds, saying that both nre highly necessary, lie would put nil the work lu connection with Hie forest reserves In charge of the bureau of forestry. Irrlaatloo. The president continues by tracing the connection between the forest re serves and the water supply. lie says: The forests are natural reservoirs. By restraining the streams In flood nnd replenishing them lu drought they make possible the use of waters other wise wasted. They prevent the soli from washing nnd so protect the stor age reservoirs from tilling up with silt. Forest conservation is. therefore, an essential condition of water conser vation. The fori"sls alone cannot, however, fully regulate and conserve the waters of the arid region. Creat storage works nre necessary to equalize the flow of streams nnd to save the flood waters. Their construction mis been conclu sively shown to lie an undertaking too vast for private effort. Nor can It be host accomplished by the Individual states acting alone. The government should construct nnd maintain these reservoirs as It does other public works. Where their purpose is to regulate the flow of streams, the water should be turned freely into the channels In the dry season to take the same course under the same laws as the natural flov. The reclamation of the unsettled arid public lands presents u different prob lem. Here it is not enough to regulate the flow of streams. The object of the government Is to dispose of the land to settlers who will build homes upon it. To accomplish this object water must he brought within their reach. The pioneer settlers on the mid pub lic domain chose their homes along streams from which they could them selves divert the water to reclaim their holdings. Such opportunities are prac tically gone. There remain, however, vast areas of public hind which can be made available for homestead settle ment, hut only by reservoirs and main line canals impracticable for private enterprise. These Irrigation works should be built by the national govern ment. The lauds reclaimed by them should be reserved by the government for actual settlers, and the cost of con struction should, so far as possible, be repaid by the laud reclaimed. The dis tribution of the water, the division of the streams among Irrigators, should be left to the settlers themselves lu conformity with state laws and with out Interference with those laws or with vested rights. The declaration Is made that In the arid states the only right to water which should be recognized is that of use. The president says that the doc trine of private ownership of water npart from land cannot prevail without tausing wrong. Inaulnr Problems. Insular questions are next treated. In Hawaii our aim must be to develop the territory on the traditional Amer ican lines. Porto Iflco Is declared to be thriving as never ucfore. The atten tion of congress is called to the need of legislation concerning the Island's pub lic lands, lu Cuba it is stated that much progress lias been made toward putting the independent government of the island upon a linn footing, and it Is declared thnt Independence will be an accomplished fact. The president adds: Klsewhere I have discussed the ques tion of reciprocity. In the case of Cu ba, however, there are weighty reasons of morality anil of national interest why the policy should be held to have a peculiar application, nnd I most ear nestly ask your attention to the wis dom. Indeed to the vital need, of pro viding for a substantial reduction iu the tariff dirties tm Cuban Imports Into the Vnitcd States. iu dealing with the Philippine peo ple we must show both patience and strength, forbearance and steadfast res ulution. Our aim Is high. We do uot desire to do for the Islanders merely what has elsewhere heeu done for trop ic peoples by even the best foreign governments. We hope to do for them what has never before beeu done fot any people of the tropics to make them fit for self government after th fashion of the really free nations. The only fear Is lest In our overanx lety we give them a degree of Inde lieudence for which they are unfit, thereby inviting reaction and disaster. As fast as there Is any reasonable bope thnt In a given district the people can goveru themselves self government hns been given In that district There Is not a locality fitted for self govern ment which has not received It. But It may well be that In certain cases It will have to be withdrawn because tbe Inhabitants show themselves unfit to exercise It: such Instances hare already occurred, lu other words, there Is not the slightest chance of our falling to show a sufficiently humanitarian spirit. The dnnger comes In the opposite direc tion. Troubles Abvad Vet. There are still troubles ahead In the Islands. The Insurrection lias become an affair of local banditti aud maraud ers, who deserve no higher regard than the brigands of portions of the old world. Kucouragcuieut, direct or Indirect, to these lnsurrectos stands on the same footing as encouragement to hostile Indinus In the days when we still bad Indian wars. The president declares that the time has come for additional legislation for the Philippines. He says: It Is necessary that the congress should puss laws by which the re sources of the Islands can be developed, so that franchises (for limited terms of years) cnu be granted to companies do ing business In them and every encour agement be given to the Incoming of business men of every kind. It is ur gently necessary to enact suitable lawi dealing with general transportation, mining, banking, currency, homesteads and the use and ownership of the lands and timber. These Inws will give free play to Industrial enterprise, and the commercial development which will surely follow will afford to the people of the islnuds the best proofs of the sincerity of our desire to aid them. Ths Cable and the Canal. 1 cull your attention most earnestly to the crying need of a cable to Hawaii and the Philippines, to be continued from the Philippines to points In Asia. We should not defer a day longer than necessary the construction of such a cable. It Is demanded not merely for commercial but for political aud mill tary considerations. Hither the con gress should Immediately provide for the construction of a government ca ble or else an arrangement should be made by which like advantages to those accruing from n govern incut ca ble may be secured to the government by contract with a private cable com pony. No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this con tinent is of such conscqucuce to the American people as the building of a canal across the Isthmus connecting North and South America. Its Impor tance to the nation Is by uo means lim ited merely to Its material effects upon our business prosperity, and yet with a view to these effects alone it would be to the Inst degree Important for us Im mediately to begin it. Willie Its bene ficial effects would perhaps lie most marked upon the Paclfle coast and the gulf and South Atlantic states, It would also greatly benefit other sections. It Is emphatically a work which It Is for the Interest of the entire country to be gin and complete as soon as iwssihle. I am glad to be able to announce to you that our negotiations on this sub ject with Great Britain, conducted on both sides In a spirit of friendliness and mutual good will, have resulted In my being able to lay liefore the sen ate a treaty which. If ratified, will en able us to begin preparations for an Isthmian cnnnl at any time and which guarantees to this tuition every right that It has ever asked lu connection with the cnnnl. It specilically pro vides that the I'nlted States alone shall do the work of building and assume tbe responsibility of safeguarding the canal aud shall regulate Its neutral tl by all nations on terms of equality without the guarantee or Interference of auy outside nation from an; quarter. The Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe doctrine should be tbe cnrcllt.nl feature of the foreigu policy of all the nations of the two Americas, as It Is of tbe l ulled States. Tbe Mon roe doctrine Is a declaration that there must be no territorial aggrandizement by any non-American power at tbe ex pense of any American power ou Amer lean soil. It Is In nowise Intended as hostile to any nation in the old world Still less is It Intended to give cover to any aggression by one new world power at the expense of auy other. It Is sim ply a step, and a long step, toward as suring the universal peace of the world by securing the possibility of perma nent peace on this hemisphere. During the past century other it) f) u euces have established the permanence and Independence of the smaller states of Europe. Through the Mouroe doc trine we boie to lie aide to aafegunrd like Independence and secure like kt mnnence for the lesser among the uew world nations. Tlds doctrine has nothing to do with the commercial relations of any Amer ican power save that It lu truth allows each of them to form such as it desires. In other words. It Is really a guarantee of the commercial Independence of the Americas. We do not ask under this doctrine for auy exclusive commercial dealings with any other American state. We do uot guartiutee any stute t.'iilnst 'punisbment If it Jilscouauetn itself, provide.-! that punishment does not take Hie form of tbe acquisition of territory by any uou-Amerlcan power. Our attitude lu Culm is a sufficient guarantee of our own good faith. We have not the slightest desire to secure my territory at the expense of any of our neighbors. The Navy. The president devotes considerable space to the navy, the upbuilding of which, he says, should be steadily con doled. The navy offers us, It Is declar Id. the only menus of Insisting on the Hon roe doctrine, aud a strong navy is lhe best guarantee against war. lie iiHomuieuds that provlslou be made not only for more ships, but for more nun. Four thousand additional sea men nnd 1.000 additional renrines should be provided, as tn'l i- :t!i In crease in officers. . After : ::g the naval militia forces He- ;: .! t says: Hut In addition We .-hould at oik.' provide for a national nuv. 1 reserve, organized and trained under the u.. co tton of the navy department aud sub ject to the call of the chief executive whenever war becomes Imminent- It should lie a real auxiliary to the naval seagoing icnce establishment and offer material to be drawn ou at once for manning our ships iu time of war. The Army. It Is uot necessary to Increase our army beyond its present size nt this time, but It Is necessnry to keep It at the highest point of etticlency. The In dividual units who as officers and en listed men compose this army are, we have good renson to believe, at least as efficient as those of any other army lo Hie entire world. It is our duty to see that their training is of a kind to In sure the highest possible expression of power to these uults when acting In combination. A general staff should be created. Promotions should be made solely with regard to the good of the service. Congress ought to provide, the presi dent adds, for field exercises. He con tinues: Action should lie takeu In reference to the militia and to the raising of vol unteer forces Our militia law is ob solete and worthless. The organization and armament of the nntionul guard of the several states, which nre treated as militia in the appropriations by the congress, should be made Identical with those provided for the regular forces. The obligations und duties of the guard in time of war should be carefully de fined and a system established by law under which the method of procedure of raising volunteer forces should be prescribed in advance. The Merit System, The president Indorses the merit sys tem of making appointments aud says: 1 recommend the passage of a law which will extend the classified serv ice to the District of Columbia or will at least enable the president thus to ex tend It. In my Judgment all laws pro viding for the temporary employment of clerks should hereafter contain a provision Hint they be selected under the civil service lnw. It Is Important to have this system obtain ut home, but it is even more im portant to have It applied rigidly In our Insular possessions. The importance of improving the consular service by the passage of new laws Is emphasized. The president then turns to the In dian question. He says: We should now break up the tribal funds, doing for them what allot ment does tor the tribal lauds that Is, they should be divided Into Individ ual holdings. There will be a transi tion period during which the funds will iu many eases have to be held In trust. This Is the case also with the lands. A stop should be put upon the Indiscriminate permission to Indians to lease their allotments. The effort should be steadily to uiake the Indian work like any other man on his own ground. The marriage laws of the In dians should be made the same us those of the whites, lu the schools the edu cation should be elementary and large ly industrial. Cordial support from congress and people Is askeil for the St. Louis expo sition. The Charleston exposition Is commended to Hie good will of tbe people. The work of the Pun-American exposition Is praised. It Is recommended Hint tbe census office as now constituted should lie made a permanent government bureau. Tbe Postal Service. A tribute Is paid to the postal service, nnd the extension of free rural delivery Is commended. The postolllcc depart ment should lie sustained, the president says, lu its efforts to remove the ubuses In connection with second class mall matter Much attention is paid to the situa tion In China, and the progress townrd the establishment of pence there Is re capitulated. Stress Is laid on the Im portance of our continuing to advocate moderation in the dealings Willi China. The president concludes bis message as follows: The death of Queen Victoria cuiisocl tbe people uf the l uited Sillies dee; tad heartfelt sorrow, to w hich the gov ernment gave full expression. When President McKluley died, our nation in turn received from every quarter of the British empire expressions of grief and sympathy uo less sincere. The death uf the Empress Dowager Frederick of Germany also aroused the genuine sym pathy of the American people, and this sympathy was cordially reciprocated by liermany when the presideiit wis nsxnssinated. ludccd. from every qu.ii tor of the civilized world we received at the time of the president's death us stirauees uf such grief and regard ;i lo touch the hearts i( cur 'oph-. la lhe midst of our altllctlou we reverently thank the Almighty that we are ill peace with Hie nations of mankind, and we firmly Intend Hint our policy skull he such ns lo continue unbroken these International niatioi of u. t:' u . I respect and good will.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers