THE FOREST REPUBLICAN.
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KLM HTHKKT, TIONBsTA, PA.
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VOL. XXXIV. NO. 35.
TIONESTA. PA., WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER 4. 1901.
$1.00 PEll ANNUM.
BOHOUGH OFFICERS.
iiroM.-T. K. Kitclicy.
CWac.fiHen.-J. T. Kalo.W. Blum,
Chas. Clark. T. K. Ari.istroug, Dr.J.O.
Dunn, U. U. '""' J- ,
Juxticet vftht Peace C. A. Kiuidall.S.
J. Htitley.
CbiMfuAe II. K. Moody.
Collector S. J. Setley.
A'imi Ihreetom t. W. Ilolemaii, J.
K. Weuk, J. C Scowden, I'atrick Joyce,
V. W. tirove, K. L. Haslet.
FOREST COUNTY OFFICERS.
Member of OongreMS. K. P. Hull.
Member of .S'eire A. M. Neeley.
Aacmbly A. M. Ooutt.
Prttitttnt JmtgeVt. M. Lindsay.
AnoeuU Jmlyet U. It. Crawford, W.
II. II. Ilniteror
YorAoiiotary, Register t Recorder, .
John H. KoiwrtHiin.
fllteryff". J. W. JniHRMn.
PreiuurerH. M. Henry.
CbMMMJMinnrm It. M. Ilerinan, John
T. Carson. J. T. Dale.
IhHtrtet Attorney H. D. Irwin.
jury dvamlijinners Levi U. Rey
nolds, Pelor YooiiL'k.
(toruner Dr. J. W. Morrow.
Ontmr.v A uilitornJ . K. Clark, K. J.
Flvnn, Ueo. j. King.
(tHinly SHperMentlentK. E. Stitzin-
ger.
llraular Terms mf C'eart.
Fourth Miindav of February.
Third Monday of Mav.
Fourth Monday of Septemlier.
Third Monday of November.
Cbarrk aail Hakkalk Hrkaal.
Presbyterian Sabbath HcIiimiI at 9:45 a.
lit. t M. K. Sabbath School at IO:tH) a. in.
t'reachinii .n M. K. Church every Sab
bath evening bv Kev. O. II. Ntckle
Preai hliig In the F. M. Church every
Sabbath evening at the usual hour. Kev.
Melinrvv, Pastor.
Nor loo in the Presbyterian Church
every Sabbath morning and evening,
Kev. J. V. McAnlnoh officiating.
The regular meetings of the VV. C. T.
U. are held at the headquarters on the
second and fourth Tuesdays of each
ill' nth.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
PI N EST A LOIN I K, No. 30, T. O. O. V.
1 Me 'U every Tuesday evening, in Odd
Follows' Hall, Partridge building.
I.VMIKST LODUK, No. K4, A. O. U. W.,
I Meets every Friday evening In.A.O.U.
W. Hall, Tionesta.
APT. HEOK'l K STOW POST, No. 274
(. A, K. Mwta 1st and 3d Monday
evenimr iu each iiMnlh, in A. O. U. W.
Hall, Tionesta.
CAPT. liF.OKUE NTOW COUPS, No.
1;I7, W. It. C, meets first and third
Wednesday evening of each month, in A.
O. U. W. ball, Tionesta, Pa.
rpiON EST A TENT, No. ItU, K. O. T.
1 M., ineeis Hud ami 4th Wednesday
evening In each moiilli in A. O. U. .
hall Tionesta, I 'a.
Hi F. HITCH FY,
1 ATTOKNE Y-AT-IiA W,
Tionesta, Pa.
S HAWKEY . MUSN,
AT roltN KYS-AT-LA W,
Warren, Pa.
Practice ill Forest Co.
C. M. SlIAWKKY, tiKO B. Munn.
J W. MOKKOW. M. D.,
Physician, Surgeon . Dontlst.
Olllce and Residence lliree doora north
of Hotel Agnew, Tionesta. Professional
calls promptly responded to at all hours.
D
It. F.J. ItnVAKH,
Physician A Surgeon,
TIONESTA, PA.
DK. J. C. DUNN,
PHYSICIAN AND HIT IK) EON.
Olllce over Heath Killmer's store,
Tionesta, I'a. Professional calls prompt
ly responded to at all hours of day or
night. Residence May St.
UK. J. D. G HEAVES,
P ivsicisn and Surgeon
Olllce and residence alsive Fores C.
National Hank. County 'Phone No. 1.
17 K. LA N.HON.
I . HEAL ESTATE,
Tionesta, Pa
HOTEL WEAVER,
E. A. WEAVER, Proprietor.
This hotel, formerly the Ijiwrence
House, has undergone a complete cliange,
and is now Hir.ntdiod with al. the mod
ern improvements. Heated and lighted
throughout with uatiirul gas, bathrooms,
hot and cold water, etc. The comforts ol
guests never neglected.
CENTRAL HOUSE,
V. UEROW A UEROW Proprietor.
Tionseta, Pa. This is the most centrally
located hotel in the place, anil has all the
modern improvements. No pains will
bo spared to make it a pleasant stopping
place for the traveling public. First
class Livery in connection.
piIIL. KMERT
FANCY BOOT A SHOEMAKER.
Shop in Wallers building. Cor. Elm
and alntit streets, Is prepared to do all
Kinds of custom work Irom the finest to
the coarsest and guarantees his work to
give porfeel satisfaction. Prompt atten
tion given to mending, and prices rea
sonable. KiHiiiii im.
UMAVU&
At THE fAMER B'JSIEFSS UNIVERSITY,
The roit praiUioil ,up-to-l4it frit
lnsis Training School in Pnny 1 vtnl.
0 our Siudant bmi-
Innlnc lucatlon.
ft in bs r;ii to aau full par
tloulsr. to iri7 tirireci, tpon rccelnt
Of ippllcttlfin rnr rr.
Our irJLBis aro holfllnc poat
ttona of hi. nor anJ truat la all parta
of th Unitoj biatea.
For run prtlfulnra, ndroii,
THX .AhhEll BUSINESS UKlVSafilTT.
THE MESSAGE
What the President Says
on Important Subjects.
TRUSTS AND RECIPROCITY
How
He Would Deal With
These Prob.ems.
He Drrlarra Publicity la al Present
tbc Only Bare Itemed? Against
Kvlla of Combination. While Op
ponlug Aujr General Tariff Cbanite.
He I pbulda (he Principle of Itecl
proclly Advocates llrdaetloa ol
Doty on Cohan Imporfs Into Tills
Coonlry Importance of Dnlldlna
ih Isthmlnn Cannl and the Paclfle
Cable Ircrd The Phllipplnea and
Olbrr Insular Qoestlona.
Wnslilngton. Pec. 3. The president
In bis annual message to congress
says:
The congress assembles this year un
der the Kliiulow of u great calamity.
Un the Htli of September President Mc
Klnlcy was shot by till uniit'chlst while
attending the Puii-Amcricuil exposi
tion ut llnlTalo and died in that city
on the I Ith of that iiiomh.
Of the last seven elected presidents
hp Is the third who has been murdered,
mid the bare recltnl of this fact la
stillleleut to Justify grave alarm among
all loyal American citizens. Moreover,
the circumstances of this, the third 08
sassluiillon of an American president,
have n peculiarly sinister glgnlucnnce.
Until President Lluculu and President
(iarlield were killed by nssasslua of
types unfortunately not uncommon lu
history. President Lincoln falling a
victim to the terrible passions aroused
by four years of civil war nnd Presi
dent iarlield to the revengeful vanity
of a disappointed olllce seeker. Presi
dent Mckinley was killed by mi utter
ly depraved criminal belonging to that
hotly of criminals who object to all
governments, good and had alike, who
lire ngalust any form of popular lib
erty if It Is guaranteed by even the
most Just nnd liberal laws and who
are as hostile lo tlte upright exponent
of a free people's sober will as to the
tyrannical and lrrisHjuslble despot.
Anarrby and AnarchlnU.
The president continues with a
eulogy of Mr. McKluley. then turns to
the subject of anarchy, denouncing Its
doctrines anil preachers. He says:
I earnestly rccoiiiiueud to thecongress
that In the exercise of Its wise discre
tion it should take Into consideration
the coming to this country of anarch
ists or persons professing principles
hostile to nil government aud Justify
ing the murder uf those placed In au
thority. Huch Individuals ns those who
not long ago gathered iu open meeting
to glorify the murder of King Hum
bert or Italy periH'tntte a crime, nnd
be law shutild Insure their rigorous
punishment. They and those like them
should be kept out of this country, and
If found here I hey should be promptly
deported to the country whence they
came, and farrcachlng provision should
be made for the punishment of those
who stay. So matter calls more
urgently fur the wisest thought of the
congress.
A subject Far Federal Courts.
The feiletul courts should be given
Jurisdiction over any man who kills
ur attempts to kill the president or any
man who by the constitution or by
law is lu line of succession for the
presidency, while the punishment for
un unsuccessful attempt should be pro
portioned to the enormity of the of
fense against our Institutions.
Anarchy is a crime against Hie whole
human race, and nil mankind should
(mud ir.'iiinst the an irehist. His crime
should be made un offense against the
law of nations, like piracy and that
form of man stealing known as the
slave trade.
The president next considers busi
ness conditions, which he finds highly
satisfactory. He continues:
The tremendous and highly complex
industrial development which went on
witli ever accelerated rapidity during
the latter half of the nineteenth cen
tury brings us face to face at the be
ginning of the twentieth with very
serious social problems. The old laws
and the old customs which bad almost
the binding force of law were once
ittlte solllcient to regulate the ac
cumulation and distribution of wealth.
Since the Industrial changes which
have so enormously Increased the pro
ductive power of mankind they are uo
longer Millie lent.
Trade Comblnal Ions.
The growth of cities has gone on be
yond comparison faster than the
growth or the country, nnd lhe up
building of the great industrial centers
has meant a startling increase not
merely in the aggregate of wealth, but
In Hie number of very large Individual
and especially of very large corporate
fortunes. The creation of these great
coriHirutc fortunes has not been due
to the tariff nor to any other govern
mental action, but to natural causes
In lhe business world, operating in oth
er countries as they operate lu our
own.
The process has aroused much an
tagonism, a great part of which Is
wholly without warrant. It is not true
that us the rich have grown richer the
poor have grown poorer. On the con
trary, never before has the average
man. lhe wngeworker. the fanner, the
una II tinder, been so well off ns In this
country nnd at the present time. There
Iinve been abuses connected with the
rceumulutlon of wealth, yet It remains
true that a fortune accumulated In
legitimate tiuslnesn can be accumalat
ed by the person specially benefited
only on condition of conferring Itn
niense Incidental benefits upon otb
ers. Successful enterprise of the tym
which benefits all mankind can onlj
exist If the conditions are such as t
offer great prizes as the rewards ol
success.
Reasons For Caution.
The president adds that there an
many reasons for caution In dealln
with corporations. lie says:
The same business conditions whlct
have produced the great aggregation!
of corporate and Individual wealtt
have made them very potent factors It
International commercial competition.
Moreover, It cannot too often bt
pointed out that to strike with Ignoran.
violence at the Interests of one set ol
men almost Inevitably endangers ttu
Interests of all. The fundamental roll
hi our national life the rule which un
derlies all others Is that, on the wholt
and In the long run, we shall go up 01
dowu together.
The mechanism of modern btislnesi
Is so delicate that extreme care uitisl
be taken not to Interfere with It It
a spirit of rashness or Ignorance. Ir.
dealing with business interests, foi
the government to undertake by crudf
and ill considered legislation to dc
what may turn out to be bad, would
be to Incur the risk of such farreach
lug national disaster that It would be
preferable to undertake nothing at all
The men who demand the Impossible
or the undesirable serve ns the allies
of the forces with which they are nom
inally at war, for they hamper thost
who would endeavor to dud out In ra
tional fashion what the wrongs really
are and to what extent and In what
maimer It Is practicable to apply reme
dies. Hon to Correct the Kvils.
All this is true, and yet It is alsc
true that there are real aud grave evils,
one of the chief being overeapitnllzn
tloti because of Its many baleful con
scipicnccs. aud a resolute aud practical
effort must be made to correct thest
evils.
It is uo limitation upon property
rights or freedom of contract to re
quire that wheu men receive from gov
eminent lhe privilege of doing busl
ness under corporate form, which freei
them from Individual responsibilltj
nnd enables them to call into their en
terprlses the capital of the public, the)
shall do so upon absolutely truthful
representations as to the value of thi
property In which the capital Is to b
Invested. Corporations engaged In In
terstnte commerce should lie regulated
If they are found to exercise a llceust
working to I he public Injury. It should
be as much the aim of those who geek
for social betterment to rid the busl
tiess world of crimes of cunning ns tc
rid the entire body politic of crimes ol
violence, (ircat corporations exist oulj
because they tire created and safe
guarded by our Institutions, and it ii
therefore our right aud our duty tt
see that they work In harmony will
these Institutions.
Publicity the Flral Essential.
The lirst essential in determining
how to deal with the great Itidustria,
combinations Is knowledge of the fuctl
-publicity. In the interest of the pub
lie the government should have tin
right lo Inspect and examine the work
Ings of the great corporations engaged
In Interstate business. Publicity is tht
only sure remedy which we can uou
invoke. What further remedies an
needed in the way of governmental '
regulation or taxation can ouly be de
teriulued after publicity has been ob
tained by process of law aud In tin
course of administration. The first
requisite is knowledge, full aud com
plete know ledge which may be made
public to the world.
Artilicial bodies, such ns corporations
aud Joint stock or other associations,
depending .upon any statutory law foi
their existence or privileges should U
subject to proper governmental super
vision, and full nnd accurate informa
tion ns to their operations should be
made public regularly at reasonable
Intervals.
The large corporations, commonly
called "till sis. though organized In out,
stale, always do business in uiauy
stales, ofteu doing very little business!
In the state where they ore Incorpo
rated. There is utter lack of uniform
ity lu tin- state laws about them, and,
as uo state lias auy exclusive luterest
in or power over!lhcir acts. It has in
practice proved Impossible to get ade
quate regulation through state action.
Therefore, In the interest of the whole
people, the milieu should, without In
terfering with the power of the states
In the matter Itself, also assume power
of supervision nnd regulation over all
corporations doing an interstate busi
ness. Amend Constllntloa If Necessary.
Wheu the constitution was adopted,
at the end of the eighteenth century,
no lillinnil wisdom could foretell the
sweeping changes, nbke lu Industrial
aud political conditions, which were to
take place by the beginning of the
twentieth century. At that time it
was accepted ns n matter of course
that the several states were the proper
authorities to regulate, so far as was
thru necessary, the comparatively In
significant and strictly localized cor
porate bodies of the day. The condi
tions are now wholly different, and
wholly different action Is called for.
1 believe thnt a law can be framed
which w ill enable the national govern
ment to exercise control along the Hues
above indicated, protitlug by the expe.
rieuce gained through the passage aud
administration of the Interstate com
merce net. If. however, the Judgment
of the congress is that It lacks the con
stitutional power to pass such an act.
then a constitutional amendment
should lie submitted to confer the
power.
There should be created a cabinet of
ficer, to be known as secretary of
commerce aud Industries, as provided
In the bill Introduced at tbe last seav
Blon of tbe congress. It should be his
province to deal with commerce iu Ms
broadest sense. Including among many
other things whatever concerns labor
ami all matters affecting the great
business corporations ond our mer
chaut marine.
Labor.
The president declares that he re
gards it necessary to re-euact the Chl-uet-e
cxclu.-iou law. In regard to labor
he says Hint the government should
provide in Its contracts that all work
should be done under "fair" conditions
and Hint nil night work should be for
bidden for women und children ns well
us excessive overtime. He continues:
Very gient good has been and will be
accomplished by associations or unions
of wngewnrkers when tunnnged with
forethought and when they combine In
sistence upon their own rights with
law abiding respect for the rights of
others. The display of these qualities
In such bodies Is a duty to the nation
uo Us than to the associations them
selves, finally, there must also lo
many cases be action by the govern
ment iu order to safeguard the rights
and iuterests of all. Under our consti
tution there is much more scope for
such action by the state and the munic
ipality thau by the natlou. Uut on
points such ns those touched on above
the national government can net.
He asserts Hint the immigration laws
are unsatisfactory and that a law
should be enacted to keep out uot ouly
anarchists, hut persons of a low moral
tendency or of unsavory reputation
and those who are below a certain
standard of economic fitness to enter
our Industrial Held ns competitors with
American labor.
The Tariff and Reciprocity.
The president declares that nothing
could be more unwise thnn to disturb
the business interests of the country by
any general tariff change at this time.
He nilis:
Vet It Is not only possible, but emi
nently desirable, to combine with the
stability of our economic system a sup
plementary system of reciprocal bene
fit and obligation witli other nations.
Such reciprocity Is an Incident aud re
sult of the linn establishment aud
preservation of our present economic
policy. It was specially provided for
In the present tarilT law.
Reciprocity must be treated as the
handmaiden of protection. Our llrst
duty Is to see that the protection grant
ed by the tariff In every case where It
Is needed Is maintained, and that reci
procity be sought for so far ns It enn
safely be done without Injury to our
home Industries. Just how far this is
must be determined according to the
individual case, remembering always
that every application of our tariff pol
icy to Hurt our shifting national needs
must he conditioned upon the cardinal
fact that the duties must never be
reduced below the point that will cover
the difference between the labor cost
bore and abroad. The well being of
the wageworker Is a prime considera
tion of our entire policy of economic
legislation.
Keed For Wider Markets.
Subject to this proviso of the proper
protection necessary to our industrial
well being nt home, the principle of
reciprocity must command our hearty
support. The phenomenal growth of
our export trade emphasizes the ur
gency of the need for wider markets
nnd for a liberal policy In dealing with
foreign nations. Whatever Is merely
petty aud vexatious In the wny of
trade restrictions should Is? avoided.
The customers to whom we dispose of
our surplus products In the long run,
directly or Indirectly, purchase those
surplus products by giving us some
thing In return. Their ability to pur
chase our products should as fur as
possible be secured by so arranging
our tariff ns to enable us to take from
tbeni Close products which we can use
without harm to our own Industries
nnd labor or the use of which will be
of marked benefit to us.
It is most Important that we should
maintain the high level of our present
prosperity. We have now reached the
point In Hie development of our in
terests when1 we nre not only able to
supply our own markets, but to pro
duce a constantly growing surplus for
which we must (inil markets abroad.
To secure these markets we can util
ize existing duties in tiny case where
they are no longer needed for Hie pur
pose of protection, or in any case
w here the article is not produced here
nnd the duty Is no longer necessary
for revenue, as giving us something to
offer lu exchange for what we ask.
The cordial relations with other na
tions which are so desirable will nat
urally be promoted by the course thus
required by our own Interests
The natural line of development for a
policy of reciprocity will be In connec
tion with those of our productions
which no longer require nil of the sup
port once needed to establish them
upon a sound basis aud with those nHi
ers where either because of natural or
of economic causes we nre beyond the
reach of successful competition.
I ask the attention of the senate to
the reciprceity treaties laid Ix-fore It by
my predecessor.
The Merrbnol Mnrlne.
The condition of the American mer
chaut marine is such as to call fur im
mediate remedial action by Hie con
gress. It is discreditable to us ns n
nation that our merchant marine
should be utterly insignificant In com
parison lo that of ether nations which
we overtop in other forms of business.
We should not longer submit to condi
tions under which only a frilling Hr
lion of our gn at commerce Is carried
ill our own ships To r edy this state
of things would not merely serve to
build up our shipping Interests, hot it
would aho result iu benefit lo all who
arc Interested in the peiiiianeiii estab
lishment of a widir market for Amer
ican products and would provide ail
auxiliary force for the navy Slops
work for tnelr ow;i countries Just ii
railroads work for their terminal
p Mii-. Shipping lines, if established to
the principal countries with which we
have dealings, would he of political as
well us commercial benefit. From ev
ery standpoint it Is unwise for the
I'liited States to continue to rely upon
the ships of competing nations for the
distribution of our goods. It should be
made advantageous to carry American
goods lu American built ships.
At present American shipping Is un
der certain great disadvantages when
put iu competition with the shipping
ef foreigu couutries. Many of the fast
foreign steamships, nt a speed of four
teen knots ur above, are subsidized,
and nil our ships, sailing vessels and
steamers alike, cargo curriers of slow
Bpced aud mall carriers of high speed,
have to meet tbe fact that the original
cost of building American ships Is
greater than Is the case abroad: that the
Wages paid American otllcers and sea
Men are very much higher thnn those
paid the otllcers and seamen of foreign
competing countries, and that the
standard of living on our ships Is far
superior to the standard of living on
the ships of our commercial rivals. Our
government should take such action as
will remedy these Inequalities. The
American merchant marine should be
restored to the ocean.
Financial.
The passage of the act establishing
gold as the standard money has. it is
declared, been shown to lie timely and
Judicious. The president adds:
Iu many rcsis-cts the national bank
ing law furnishes sullicleut liberty tor
the proper exercise of the banking
function, but there seems to be need
of better safeguards ngalust the de
ranging iiillucnce of commercial crises
and financial panics. Moreover, the
currency of the country should be
made responsive to the demands of our
domestic trade aud commerce.
Economy iu expenditures Is urged.
Amendment of the Interstate commerce
act Is advised to insure the cardinal
provisions of that act. The work car
lied on by Hie department of agricul
ture Is uext considered and praised
highly. The president then turns to
forest preservation and Irrigation of
mid lauds, saying that both nre highly
necessary, lie would put nil the work
lu connection with Hie forest reserves
In charge of the bureau of forestry.
Irrlaatloo.
The president continues by tracing
the connection between the forest re
serves and the water supply. lie says:
The forests are natural reservoirs.
By restraining the streams In flood
nnd replenishing them lu drought they
make possible the use of waters other
wise wasted. They prevent the soli
from washing nnd so protect the stor
age reservoirs from tilling up with
silt. Forest conservation is. therefore,
an essential condition of water conser
vation. The fori"sls alone cannot, however,
fully regulate and conserve the waters
of the arid region. Creat storage works
nre necessary to equalize the flow of
streams nnd to save the flood waters.
Their construction mis been conclu
sively shown to lie an undertaking
too vast for private effort. Nor can It
be host accomplished by the Individual
states acting alone. The government
should construct nnd maintain these
reservoirs as It does other public works.
Where their purpose is to regulate the
flow of streams, the water should be
turned freely into the channels In the
dry season to take the same course
under the same laws as the natural
flov.
The reclamation of the unsettled arid
public lands presents u different prob
lem. Here it is not enough to regulate
the flow of streams. The object of the
government Is to dispose of the land
to settlers who will build homes upon
it. To accomplish this object water
must he brought within their reach.
The pioneer settlers on the mid pub
lic domain chose their homes along
streams from which they could them
selves divert the water to reclaim their
holdings. Such opportunities are prac
tically gone. There remain, however,
vast areas of public hind which can be
made available for homestead settle
ment, hut only by reservoirs and main
line canals impracticable for private
enterprise. These Irrigation works
should be built by the national govern
ment. The lauds reclaimed by them
should be reserved by the government
for actual settlers, and the cost of con
struction should, so far as possible, be
repaid by the laud reclaimed. The dis
tribution of the water, the division of
the streams among Irrigators, should
be left to the settlers themselves lu
conformity with state laws and with
out Interference with those laws or
with vested rights.
The declaration Is made that In the
arid states the only right to water
which should be recognized is that of
use. The president says that the doc
trine of private ownership of water
npart from land cannot prevail without
tausing wrong.
Inaulnr Problems.
Insular questions are next treated.
In Hawaii our aim must be to develop
the territory on the traditional Amer
ican lines. Porto Iflco Is declared to be
thriving as never ucfore. The atten
tion of congress is called to the need of
legislation concerning the Island's pub
lic lands, lu Cuba it is stated that
much progress lias been made toward
putting the independent government of
the island upon a linn footing, and it Is
declared thnt Independence will be an
accomplished fact. The president
adds:
Klsewhere I have discussed the ques
tion of reciprocity. In the case of Cu
ba, however, there are weighty reasons
of morality anil of national interest
why the policy should be held to have
a peculiar application, nnd I most ear
nestly ask your attention to the wis
dom. Indeed to the vital need, of pro
viding for a substantial reduction iu
the tariff dirties tm Cuban Imports Into
the Vnitcd States.
iu dealing with the Philippine peo
ple we must show both patience and
strength, forbearance and steadfast res
ulution. Our aim Is high. We do uot
desire to do for the Islanders merely
what has elsewhere heeu done for trop
ic peoples by even the best foreign
governments. We hope to do for them
what has never before beeu done fot
any people of the tropics to make
them fit for self government after th
fashion of the really free nations.
The only fear Is lest In our overanx
lety we give them a degree of Inde
lieudence for which they are unfit,
thereby inviting reaction and disaster.
As fast as there Is any reasonable bope
thnt In a given district the people can
goveru themselves self government
hns been given In that district There
Is not a locality fitted for self govern
ment which has not received It. But It
may well be that In certain cases It
will have to be withdrawn because tbe
Inhabitants show themselves unfit to
exercise It: such Instances hare already
occurred, lu other words, there Is not
the slightest chance of our falling to
show a sufficiently humanitarian spirit.
The dnnger comes In the opposite direc
tion. Troubles Abvad Vet.
There are still troubles ahead In the
Islands. The Insurrection lias become
an affair of local banditti aud maraud
ers, who deserve no higher regard
than the brigands of portions of the
old world. Kucouragcuieut, direct or
Indirect, to these lnsurrectos stands on
the same footing as encouragement to
hostile Indinus In the days when we
still bad Indian wars.
The president declares that the time
has come for additional legislation for
the Philippines. He says:
It Is necessary that the congress
should puss laws by which the re
sources of the Islands can be developed,
so that franchises (for limited terms of
years) cnu be granted to companies do
ing business In them and every encour
agement be given to the Incoming of
business men of every kind. It is ur
gently necessary to enact suitable lawi
dealing with general transportation,
mining, banking, currency, homesteads
and the use and ownership of the lands
and timber. These Inws will give free
play to Industrial enterprise, and the
commercial development which will
surely follow will afford to the people
of the islnuds the best proofs of the
sincerity of our desire to aid them.
Ths Cable and the Canal.
1 cull your attention most earnestly
to the crying need of a cable to Hawaii
and the Philippines, to be continued
from the Philippines to points In Asia.
We should not defer a day longer than
necessary the construction of such a
cable. It Is demanded not merely for
commercial but for political aud mill
tary considerations. Hither the con
gress should Immediately provide for
the construction of a government ca
ble or else an arrangement should be
made by which like advantages to
those accruing from n govern incut ca
ble may be secured to the government
by contract with a private cable com
pony.
No single great material work which
remains to be undertaken on this con
tinent is of such conscqucuce to the
American people as the building of a
canal across the Isthmus connecting
North and South America. Its Impor
tance to the nation Is by uo means lim
ited merely to Its material effects upon
our business prosperity, and yet with a
view to these effects alone it would be
to the Inst degree Important for us Im
mediately to begin it. Willie Its bene
ficial effects would perhaps lie most
marked upon the Paclfle coast and the
gulf and South Atlantic states, It would
also greatly benefit other sections. It
Is emphatically a work which It Is for
the Interest of the entire country to be
gin and complete as soon as iwssihle.
I am glad to be able to announce to
you that our negotiations on this sub
ject with Great Britain, conducted on
both sides In a spirit of friendliness and
mutual good will, have resulted In
my being able to lay liefore the sen
ate a treaty which. If ratified, will en
able us to begin preparations for an
Isthmian cnnnl at any time and which
guarantees to this tuition every right
that It has ever asked lu connection
with the cnnnl. It specilically pro
vides that the I'nlted States alone shall
do the work of building and assume
tbe responsibility of safeguarding the
canal aud shall regulate Its neutral tl
by all nations on terms of equality
without the guarantee or Interference
of auy outside nation from an; quarter.
The Monroe Doctrine.
The Monroe doctrine should be tbe
cnrcllt.nl feature of the foreigu policy
of all the nations of the two Americas,
as It Is of tbe l ulled States. Tbe Mon
roe doctrine Is a declaration that there
must be no territorial aggrandizement
by any non-American power at tbe ex
pense of any American power ou Amer
lean soil. It Is In nowise Intended as
hostile to any nation in the old world
Still less is It Intended to give cover to
any aggression by one new world power
at the expense of auy other. It Is sim
ply a step, and a long step, toward as
suring the universal peace of the world
by securing the possibility of perma
nent peace on this hemisphere.
During the past century other it) f) u
euces have established the permanence
and Independence of the smaller states
of Europe. Through the Mouroe doc
trine we boie to lie aide to aafegunrd
like Independence and secure like kt
mnnence for the lesser among the uew
world nations.
Tlds doctrine has nothing to do with
the commercial relations of any Amer
ican power save that It lu truth allows
each of them to form such as it desires.
In other words. It Is really a guarantee
of the commercial Independence of the
Americas. We do not ask under this
doctrine for auy exclusive commercial
dealings with any other American
state. We do uot guartiutee any stute
t.'iilnst 'punisbment If it Jilscouauetn
itself, provide.-! that punishment does
not take Hie form of tbe acquisition of
territory by any uou-Amerlcan power.
Our attitude lu Culm is a sufficient
guarantee of our own good faith. We
have not the slightest desire to secure
my territory at the expense of any of
our neighbors.
The Navy.
The president devotes considerable
space to the navy, the upbuilding of
which, he says, should be steadily con
doled. The navy offers us, It Is declar
Id. the only menus of Insisting on the
Hon roe doctrine, aud a strong navy is
lhe best guarantee against war. lie
iiHomuieuds that provlslou be made
not only for more ships, but for more
nun. Four thousand additional sea
men nnd 1.000 additional renrines
should be provided, as tn'l i- :t!i In
crease in officers. . After : ::g the
naval militia forces He- ;: .! t says:
Hut In addition We .-hould at oik.'
provide for a national nuv. 1 reserve,
organized and trained under the u.. co
tton of the navy department aud sub
ject to the call of the chief executive
whenever war becomes Imminent- It
should lie a real auxiliary to the naval
seagoing icnce establishment and offer
material to be drawn ou at once for
manning our ships iu time of war.
The Army.
It Is uot necessary to Increase our
army beyond its present size nt this
time, but It Is necessnry to keep It at
the highest point of etticlency. The In
dividual units who as officers and en
listed men compose this army are, we
have good renson to believe, at least as
efficient as those of any other army lo
Hie entire world. It is our duty to see
that their training is of a kind to In
sure the highest possible expression of
power to these uults when acting In
combination.
A general staff should be created.
Promotions should be made solely
with regard to the good of the service.
Congress ought to provide, the presi
dent adds, for field exercises. He con
tinues:
Action should lie takeu In reference
to the militia and to the raising of vol
unteer forces Our militia law is ob
solete and worthless. The organization
and armament of the nntionul guard of
the several states, which nre treated
as militia in the appropriations by the
congress, should be made Identical with
those provided for the regular forces.
The obligations und duties of the guard
in time of war should be carefully de
fined and a system established by law
under which the method of procedure
of raising volunteer forces should be
prescribed in advance.
The Merit System,
The president Indorses the merit sys
tem of making appointments aud says:
1 recommend the passage of a law
which will extend the classified serv
ice to the District of Columbia or will
at least enable the president thus to ex
tend It. In my Judgment all laws pro
viding for the temporary employment
of clerks should hereafter contain a
provision Hint they be selected under
the civil service lnw.
It Is Important to have this system
obtain ut home, but it is even more im
portant to have It applied rigidly In our
Insular possessions. The importance
of improving the consular service by
the passage of new laws Is emphasized.
The president then turns to the In
dian question. He says:
We should now break up the tribal
funds, doing for them what allot
ment does tor the tribal lauds that
Is, they should be divided Into Individ
ual holdings. There will be a transi
tion period during which the funds
will iu many eases have to be held In
trust. This Is the case also with the
lands. A stop should be put upon the
Indiscriminate permission to Indians to
lease their allotments. The effort
should be steadily to uiake the Indian
work like any other man on his own
ground. The marriage laws of the In
dians should be made the same us those
of the whites, lu the schools the edu
cation should be elementary and large
ly industrial.
Cordial support from congress and
people Is askeil for the St. Louis expo
sition. The Charleston exposition Is
commended to Hie good will of tbe
people. The work of the Pun-American
exposition Is praised.
It Is recommended Hint tbe census
office as now constituted should lie
made a permanent government bureau.
Tbe Postal Service.
A tribute Is paid to the postal service,
nnd the extension of free rural delivery
Is commended. The postolllcc depart
ment should lie sustained, the president
says, lu its efforts to remove the ubuses
In connection with second class mall
matter
Much attention is paid to the situa
tion In China, and the progress townrd
the establishment of pence there Is re
capitulated. Stress Is laid on the Im
portance of our continuing to advocate
moderation in the dealings Willi China.
The president concludes bis message as
follows:
The death of Queen Victoria cuiisocl
tbe people uf the l uited Sillies dee;
tad heartfelt sorrow, to w hich the gov
ernment gave full expression. When
President McKluley died, our nation in
turn received from every quarter of the
British empire expressions of grief and
sympathy uo less sincere. The death
uf the Empress Dowager Frederick of
Germany also aroused the genuine sym
pathy of the American people, and this
sympathy was cordially reciprocated
by liermany when the presideiit wis
nsxnssinated. ludccd. from every qu.ii
tor of the civilized world we received
at the time of the president's death us
stirauees uf such grief and regard ;i lo
touch the hearts i( cur 'oph-. la lhe
midst of our altllctlou we reverently
thank the Almighty that we are ill
peace with Hie nations of mankind,
and we firmly Intend Hint our policy
skull he such ns lo continue unbroken
these International niatioi of u. t:' u . I
respect and good will.