1 THE . FOREST EEPDBLICAN Is Hbllibd (tit WUday, kf J. E. WENK. Cfflo la Bmearbaugh A Co.' BuUdlin Lm rnurr, tionksti, r. rwm. tUOpwTnr, RATIS OF ADVERTISING! ' One Square, on inch, one insertion..! 1W On. Square, on. inch, on. month. . ., 00) On. Square, on. inch, three month.. 6 00 On. 8qu.ro, on. inch, on. year 10 00) Two Bquivea, on. your 18 00 Suarter Column, one year...., 80 00 .If Cofcitnn, on. year JO 00 On. Column, on. year . - v Ltf&l djxrtiMmMit. ten eenU per Dm each insertion. Mrrivaa anil ilfttth nntiOBf KTtl(. REST REPU ICAN. All bill. foryearly advertisement oil. three month. orrwpondiee Mlleltea fri U urU ef th onnuy Ne ..lie. wUI UkM efaMts.! qu.rt.rlr. Temporary aaverwsoniB i VOL. XXV. NO. 32. TIONESTA, PA., AVEDNESDAY, NOV. 30, 1892. $1.50 PER ANNUM. bo paid in advance. Job work cash on delivery. ,j Fo BL iJ it Charles Ashton, a London policeman, liat reeoived a prizo of $250 for an un published biblography of Welsh litera ture from 1S01 to 1800. Mars, says . J. Crowloy, tho English scientist, is probably in communication with other planets, and theso Mnrtinl peoplo are probably tearing their Imir because they can't "get" us on thslr tclograph circuit. Borne arguo tlmt tho deepest place in the ocean will be found to correspond al most exactly with the height of the high est mouutnlo. This thoory has been dis proved within tho last year; ocean depths 10,000 feet deepor than tho blight of Mount Everest having been found. The extent to which dementia has taken hold of the Royalty of Europe is almost pitiable, states tho Arkansas Traveler. It is not an uncommon thing to hear of somo royal personage who has had his cranium measured for a crown going about with a very ordinary wheel in his bead. The critics ot fruit-growing in Califor nia, are advised by tho San Francisco Chroniclo to read tho story from Fresuo of the yield of two and a half acres of seedless Sultana grapes. Ono hundred tons of grapes which will prodnco $1000 in raisins is a pretty good return for labor and time expended in this littlo vineyard. It may be rognrdod as somewhat sin gular that Sir Walter Scott's novels are almost as popular in Paris as are the novels of tho eminent French novelists. Tiauslations of his romances arc found on every bookstall in numbers, and tho PU Municipal Council has recently iiown its appreciation ol tho author :mself by naming a short street after him, The returns of tho Bureau of Statistics at Washington conclusively establish too following facts ' That during the last ton years Canada has in every year pur chased from the United Stntos a very much larger amount of merchandise than tho United States has jiurchased from Canada, and that this excess of pur chases during the ten years has amouted to fully $125,01)0,000. A French paper tells of a new process of tanning by cioctricity, which, it says, is being used on the ski is of stray dogs gathered Into the Paris pound. Tho electric system, it is alleged, transforms the skin into leather in three or four days, against the six or eight months required in the ordinary way. It is chiefly used for ladies' flue shoes, aud is notable for soft and delicate qualities. A savant attempts to demonstrate, in one of our scientific rnagnziucs, tlmt there is likely to be a scarcity of elbow room among tho earth's population in the reasonably ne;r future, llo estimates the present population of the world at something loss thau one and a hull bil lion. Tho natural Increase, ho con cludes, will mnko the figure six billion two hundred year hsnce, aud this, ho declares, is tho utmost limit of the earth's capacity for sustaining human life. The trouble with all theso elabo rate estimates and deductions, maintains the New York News, is that vhey are based upon the hypothesis that man must always live as ho lives to-dny. Con ditions will chHiigo as uecossity crowds population, ilnlf the peoplo of the earth now rarely, if ever, taste meat. The hubs populations of China, India, and hiiue other countries live almost wholly t.u rice. Analysis shows that tho banana cor.tfjns all the elements essential to hutnar. life, and enough bananas can be raised on an aero of ground to supply one hundred peoplo a year. It will bo a long time beforo tho stauding-room-only placard is displayed iu the world's theatre. If recent statistics as to tho con dition of agriculture in tho arid States ::nd Territories, aud particularly as to practical results of irrigation, ore to bo depended upon, remarks Frank Leslie's Vcckly, we may expoct that tho move--.-L'i in favor of tho National policy of .rignttou will be materially strength ened. The report submitted to the i usus office shows that nearly thirty aillion dollars of capital is invested in productive irrigation, aud that tho re turns have been over sixty-rive millions ..( dollars, or about Sf IS per cent. The estimated value on June lit, 181) J, of irrigated farms which originally cost ,77,500,000 was uearly S'.'lir.OOO.OOO. I at is to say, the irrigated lands aro .T'h now four times their origiual cost. , urs U a vast expouse of territory now , mparatively useless, owiu to its arid ndition, which, with the iutroduction f irrigating methods, could bo made icrtile aud productive, and it is becom- i a question whether Government aid ;ty not properly be given in further ,:,oe of a system which has proved, ac rding to the statistics given, so iin isely beneficial. UNCONSCIOUS SERVICE. "The bee" she sighed "that haunts the clover lias nature's errand to fulfil; The bird that skims the azure over Bears living seeds within his bill: "Without a pane his flight pursuing, He drops them on a barren strand. And turns, unconscious of the doing, The waste into a pasture land. "I, craving service willingly, choosing To fling broadcast some golden grain Can only nit In silent musing And weave my litanies ot pain." I, making answer, softly kissel her; "All nature's realm ot bees and birJf, What is such ministry, my sister. Compared with your enchanted words? "The seed your weakened hand is sowing May ripen to a harvest broad, Which yet may help, without your know ing, To fill the granaries of God I" Margaret J. Treston, in Lippincott. THE TWO COUSINS. DT HELEN TOHRKST ORAVRH. WO is that talking in tho hall?" tartly demanded Mrs. Jen nifer, and little Lucilla, running to the door, to take a bird's-eye view of matters through its yawning crack, re turned with the satisfactory inform ation : "It's Cousin Olive, saying good-by to Mr. Walbridge t" Mrs. Jennifer contracted her showy black eyebrows slightly. "Is Elise there, tool" "Why, no, mamma don't you re member Elise went out for a walk?" Mrs. Jennifer said nothing more; but to one used to tho interpretation of dumb show, a world of meaning might have been deciphered in the swift way in which her needle flow in and out of the cambric ruffle she was hemming. "Olive!" sho called, sweetly, as the closing of the front door gave notice that tiio visitor had at last taken his de parture; aud by way of answer, a bright faced young girl presented hersolf in tho door-way a girl with shining brown tresses tied with blue ribbon, toft brown eyes, and afresh, blooming complexion, like the pink blossoms that cluster on the kal.nia bushes in May. "Well, auat?" she said. "I've been wanting to speak to you for some time, Olive, dear sit down," purred Mrs. Jennifer. "Your uncle's circumstances are not what they were, as I supposo you are aware?" "I did not know it," said Olive, slightly changing color. When people aro quite dependent on the bounty and good graces of others, they are apt to be slightly sensitive. "He hsa been obliged to expend a good deal of money of late, and I knew you would be perfoctly willing to do all you could, if you knew his situa tion" Certainly, aunt I" said Olive, ner vously twisting her fingers together. "And of course, in a large fimily like ours, every additional member is felt as an additional burden." "But, aunt," burst out Olive, "I ; don't understand you. What do you meant What is it that you want mo to do?" "Pray don't speak so loud, Olive 1" remonstrated Mrs. Jennifer, wildly el evating her eyebrows. "You are so brusque so startling. I was only going to tell you that Mrs. Parkman mentioned to me yesterday thut she wanted a new band, and that" Olive Martin bit her lip the hot color started up to her cheek. "A dressmaker, aunt?" "And why not?" calmly retorted Mr?. Jennifer. "It is the duty of every young woman to do something to earn an hon est livelihood." Olive thought of her Cousin Elise, white handed and elegant, who did not even make her own bed or dust her own room; she remembered the two damsels whoso business it was to wait upon Mrs. Jennifer and her younger daughters. She knew that although her own father had died in wretchedly destitute circum stances, yet tho time had beeu when be helped Mr. Jennifer in such a mannor that the latter had solemnly promised never to forget the benefits rendered to bim; and she also knew that upon that father's deathbed, Moses Jennifer had resolved to take his place toward his or phaned child, so long as they both should live. "Docs my uncle know of this!" she asked, suddenly lifting ho frank brown eyes to the crafty face of the matron. "Certainly 1" calmly lied Mrs. Jenni fer, without so much as a conscience stricken blush. "Then it is settled," said Olive, with a certain gasp in her throat. "I will be a dressmaker I" "Is this really and actually your wish, my dear!" asked kind Moses Jennifer, when Olive told him of her determina tion thut evening. "Is it not yours, uncle?" Mr. Jenuifer looked up with a little startled glauce as the question was asked. "My wish is for whatever will make you feel happy, child 1" Moses answered, or iu his secret Heart no believed mat ive Martin was not content in his lam- and deeply regretted the circum s Olive had left the room be turnUl to his wife. "She doesn't seem so crazy after the Idea as you gave me to suppose, Marga ret!' he said. "You cau't always judge by her mau ner, Moses," answered the subtle wife, who would have deluded the serpent's own self had she been iu Mother Eve's place in Paradise. "I am sorry to be obliged to say so, but I do think she is a little inclined to be deceitful 1" "Poor child, poor child I" muttered Moses Jennifer, "We must remsmbcr, my dear, that she is fatherless and motherless !" Mrs. Jennifer rolled up her eyes santi moniously. . "I've always endeavored to act a ma ternal part toward her, Mosos," she sighed. But not until Olivo Martin was safely installed in Mrs. I'nrkman'g work-rooms did Mrs. Jennifer breathe freely. "She was actually luring Clarence Walbrldge away from Elise undor my very eyes and nose !" thought tho virtu ous matron. "Clarence Walbridge, who is the bost parti in town. Well, there's no end to the pretensions of these country-bred girls. I wonder what be could possibly have soen in her big eyes, and melancholy, pursed-up mouth 1 But now Elise will have a fair chance, poor dear!" And Miss Elise Jennifer was duly posted in what she ought to do and say upon the occasion of Mr. Walbridge's next visit a washed-out pink and white beauty, with frecklod checks, flaxen hair, frizzed into the similitude of a yel low cloud, aud very rod lips, which she was perpetually biting, to presrrvo their coral bloom! "I'll do my best, ma," said Elise, "but I never know what to talk about when I nm with Mr. Walbridge!" "Pshaw!" quoth Mrs. Jennifer, "I'm sure Olivo Martin could talk fast enough." "But Cousin Olive knows more than I do," confessed innocent Elise. Mr. Walbridge came as usual that eve ning, and was simporingly welcomed by Elise Jennifer, in a becoming blue silk dress, with a rose in her yellow flossy bair and blue knots of ribbon fluttering wherever a blue knot could possibly, be placed. "Is your cousin at home!" the yooing man asked, rather unceremoniously, and Miss Elise recollected her lesson. "Oh, didn't you know," quoth she, artlessly, "Olive has left us?" "Lett you?" echoed Clarence Wal bridge, more disappointed than he chose to own to himself. "What or?" Eliso lifted her brows, looked at the carpet, and tried to assumo an arch ex pression of countenance. "Of course I can't bo expected to know certainly, "she said, "but mamma and I both had our suspicions. In short, I don't know really how to explain, but I've reason to suppose she has gono away to be married." "To be married?" "Some faithful cavalier, I believe, who knew her in the days before her poor dear father died it's all very ro mantic, and we're so sorry to lose her I" "What is his name?" bluntly asked Mr. Walbridge. Elise hesitated her lesson had not embraced this point, but she knew she must say something, and lispiugly an swered: "Mr. John Smith." At this moment Mrs. Jennifer came in all smiles. "I am so busy since my niece left us," she Baid, blandly. "I miss her terribly; but of course it was my duty to oppose no obstacles since Mr. Darcy had been so faithful!" "Mr. Darcy 1" "Yes, tho young gentleman in ques tion." Eliso turned tho color of carmine, but sho bad not presence of raiud to extri cate herself from the gulf of misrepre sentation into which she had fallen, and Mr. Walbridge quietly laid all these things up in his mind. "Oh, mamma!" cried Elise, whonher visitor was gone, "how could you say his name was Darcy, when I bad told Mr. Walbridgo it was John Smith I" Mrs. Jonnifer looked blank but hope, that "springs eternal in the human breast," camo to her relief, most for tunately. "Oh, I don't believe he noticed it," said she. "Darcy is a better name than Smith we'll stick to Darcy for tho fu ture, my love!" And Clarence Walbridge, who hod somehow allowed himself to become strangely interested in Miss Martin's blooming faco and lovely, pleading eyes, went straight to Mr. Jennifer's law office. "He, at least, can spiak tho truth," he thought, "which is nioro than one can venture to assert of Mrs. Jennifer and the fair Elise." "Wulbridgo camo to my oflico this afternoon," said Moses, bluntly, at din ner, as ho pluuged his carving fork into the juicy depths of a sirloin of beef. "Ho asked mo where Olivo Martiu had gono. Do you know, wife, I believe he really is interested in the little thing, and it would be a first rate thing for her, for " "What did you tell him?" breath lessly interrupted Mrs. Jennifer, pausing in her occupation of preparing tho dress ing for a plate of lobster. "Why, 1 snid she'd gone to learn dressmaking at Mrs. Parkman's, to be sure. What should I tell him?" "Oh, Moses!" groaned Mrs. Jennifer. "Ob, papa!" shrieked Elise. Honest Moses stared helplessly from one to the other. "What do you both mean?" he de manJed. "What have I doiic'i" But he could got no satisfactory infor mation from either of tho ladies. Olive Martin was busy over the puff ings of a bluo satin skirt, when Mrs. Parkmsn camo iuto the room. "A gentleman to see Miss Martin," said she, primly. "As a geueral thing, it is agsinst my rule to allow my young ladies to receive company pertaining to the other sex, but " But Olive escaped from the room be fore the IecturiPwa? half over, to see Clarence Walbridge in the shop without. "Well, Olive," he said, gayly, as he took both her hands in his, "you see I have found you out!" "Found me outi" she repeated, blush ing very much, aud looking radiantly pretty. "Tell me honestly, Olive!" he pursued, "is it John Smith or Mr, Darcy?" "I don't know whit vu mean!" And he explained to her the story that bad bren related to hirn by Mrs. Jennlfe and Miss Elise. "It is false I" cried Olive, with spar kling eyes and reddened cheeks. "How dared they invent such tales about me' I left Undo Jennifer's because my aun hinted to mo that my maintenance had become a burden, and that I ought tt support myself. I could not cat tho bit tcr bread of dependence, Mr. Walbridgo. And I do not know what motive tucj could possibly have had for giving such a false reason for my departure." "I can guess I" and Clarence Wal bridge, shrewdly. "But we will leave that question for future discussion, Olive. There is another one which is of much more present Importance to me!" "What is it?" Olive innocently asked. "Whether or not you will becomo my wife?" "Mr. Walbridge!" "My own darling littlo Olive 1 But you need not speak. I know from your eyes that it is 'yes I' " And so ended probably the firtt court ship that was ever happily consummated in Mrs. Parkmau's show-rooms. Mr. Jonnifer was tho only member of tho lnmily who was really pleased at his niece's good luck, matrimonially speak ing. Elise and her mamma had some how fallen into their own trap nor was it a pleasnnt sensation. But Cupid protects his own. New York Weekly. Weather Lore of tho Sun. Among the people of all countries and ages, says the St. Louis Republic, the sun's ledness on rising or setting has always been regarded as omnious. These notions have furnished material for many proverbs. An old English adage in forms us that If red the sun begins bis race, fie sure that rain will fall apace. Even Christ alludes to the same popu tar Idea of tho sun's color and its rota tion to wet or dry weather, where he says (Matthew xvi., 2, 3): "When it is evening, ye say, It will be clear weather: for the sky is red. And iu,the morning, It will be foul weather to-day: for the sky is red and lowering." It may be remembered, too, how graph ically Shakespeare puts forth this same proverb in his "Venus and Adonis: ' Like a rel morn, that ever yet betokened Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the fields, Sorrow to the shepherd, wo.) unto the birds. Gusts and foul flaws to the herdsmen and to herds. If we turn to European observations we find that the Italians says: "If the morn be red, rain is at hand," and, again, "If the sky be red when the morn, ing star is shining, there will be rain during the week." As is well known, however, a red sunset is just as propit ious as a red rising is unlucky "a red sky at night being a shepherd's de light," and according to a saying very popular when the writer was a child Evening red, morning gray, Bends trie traveler on his way. In Germany it is commonly said that "a red sunset and a gray rising sets the pilgrim a-walking." At Malta the stable boy will toll you that "a red sunset says : 'Get your horse ready for to-morrow.' " In "Kichard III. "Shakespeare gives us the same proverb in different words The weary sun hath roads a golden set, And, by the bright track of his fiery oar, Gives token of a goodly day to-morrow. Indeed, there are numerous proverbs on this subject, all to the samo purpose, an ancient Scotch rhyme being as fol lows: The evening rel and the morning gray Is a sign ot a bright an 1 cheery day; Evening gray and morning red Put on your hat or you'll ' wet your head Preserving Ropes. In order to insure more safety In ropes used for scaffolding purposes, particu larly in localities where the atmosphere is destructive of hemp fiber, such ropes should be dipped when dry into a batb containing twenty grains of sulphate of copper per liter ol water, and kept in soak iu tnis solution some four days, af terward being dried. The ropes will thus have absorbed a certain quantity of sulphate of copper, which will preserve them for somo time both from the at tacks of animal parasites and from rot. The copper salt may be fixed in the fiber by a coating of tar or by soapy water, and in order to do this it may be passed through a bath of boiled tar, hot, drawing it through a thimble to press back the excess of tar and suspending it afterward on a stagiug to dry and hard en. In a second method tho ropo is soaked in a solution of 100 grains ot soap per liter of water. English Me chanic. How K Minct is Prepared. Rennet is the dried stomach of a milk ted calf. The stomach used is that in which the milk is found. It is emptied of the milk aud filled with salt and hung up for a week, when the salt is shaken out and it it stretched over a bent twig to keep it spread. It is then hung up to dry, aud should be kept in a paper bag to preserve it from the flies and beetles that might spoil it. For use, a piece two inches square is taken for 100 pounds of milk and steeped iu warm water for a few hours, a handful of salt being added. Or the stomachs may be steeped iu brino after being salted, aud after some days' steeping the liquid is strained off aud bottled for use. New York Times. Liberiuu Cuffte. Tho Liberian coffee is a species of comparatively rcceut introduction to commerce; it is a native of Africa, culti vated and growu in Liberia. The plant is ot larger and stronger growth than the Arabian coffee plant, and the fruit is larger. It has been reported us being more prolific than the ordiuary coffee plant, but according to Mr. Saunders, of the Department of Agriculture, the statement has not been boruo out in Brazil and Mexico, where it has been tested. It is also more tender than the old.r known species. New York World. scientific ANDiNDusTRur. By a new device you can blow out the gas. Hi co is the least nitrogenous of all grains. The average depth of sand in an Afri can desert is thought to be from thirty to forty feet. The only existing bird which has a fivo-tocd foot, when in adult life, is said to be the Dorking fowl. There is a largo factory near Chicago, 111., which does a profitable business in manufacturing useful articles from the waste blood of animals. Reviving au old project, a French company proposes that lightships con nected by telegraph be stationed at in tervals of 200 miles across the Atlantic. An English experimenter, E. T. Chap lin, has given an account of hypnotizing a laying hen, and inducing her in that manner to sit on a sitting of eggs until seven of them bad hatched out. Pictures are taken now of patients at various stagoa of disease, and a compar ison of those with photographs of others similarly afflicted discloses phenomena of great interest and value to medical science. Portland cement will not do for caulk ing the joints of greenhouse pipes. Al ternate layers of oakum and red lead, well rammed in, is the proper stopping, and does not crack or shrink like cement would ; and again, Portland cement, even if it answered in other respects, would give too rigid a joint. Some one has estimated that twenty two acres of land is needed to sustain a man on flesh, while that amount of land sown with wheat will feed forty-two persons sowed to oats, eighty-eight; to potatoes, Indian corn and rice, lib per sons, and planted with tho bread fruit tree, over 6000 people could be fed. Salt affects the freezing of ice cream by causing the ice to molt, on account of its own slight affiuity for water. Tho ice in melting rapidly absorbs heat or renders heat latent, and hence reduces tho temperature below that of ice, which simply molts by heat acquired from sur rouuding objects by conduction or con vection of air. Light travels at the rate of 213,000 miles a second, a velocity which causes the rays from the moon to reach us in a little less than a second and a quarter. The rays of Jupiter ate fifty-two minutes in reaching us. It would take millions of years for the same beams to reach us if their starting point was from one of the fixed stars. The red glow of the planet Mars has puzzled everybody but a French astron omer, who gives it as his opinion that the vegetation' of that far-away world is crimson instead of green. He also says that be hasn't the least doubt but that there are single flowers on the war god's surface which are as large as the incor porated limits of Paris. The introduction of electrically driven coal cutters and other mining machinery Is making rapid progress in the bitumi nous mining regions of the Central West. The importance of this line of work will be apparent from the figures of produc tion, which show that last year 150,000, 000 tons of this coal were mined in the United States, principally west of the Alloghenie8. Piscutory authorities of the highest standing tell us that were it not for na ture's grand "evening-up" provisions, the fishes of the seas would multiply so tapidly that within three short years they would fill tho waters to such an extent that there would be no room for them to swim. This will hardly be disputed when it is known that a single female cod will lay 45,000,000 eggs iu a siuglo season. The Chinaman's "Vellow Oath." One of the strangest judicial proceed ings, perhaps, ever witnessed is that of the Chinaman taking what be is pleased to call the "yellow oath." Tho "oath," or declaration, is always written on a piece of "sacred" pupcr aud is as fol lows: This is to call tho spirits, both good and evil, to desceud and watch over the trial of , who is charged with mur dering . If I swear falsely and tell ono untruth, or do not make statements according to tho facts in the case, I humbly beg the celestial terrcstial spirits to redress the wrong done to and to punish me immediately for having been a false witness; to arrest my soul in its flight; to make me perish by the sword, or to cause me to die while on the sea far from home. This is my true aud solemn oath, uttered by my own lips, and sigued by uiu this, the day of the month iu the year of the reign of the Emperor ; and in proof of tho earnestness of my declara tions, may my soul bo destroyed as I now destroy this paper, by lire." Im mediately after the witness finishes read ing his "yellow oath," a lighted candle is handed to him and tho paper is given as food for the flames. To the writer's certain knowledge this form of oath bus beeu administered but once in au Ameri can court of justice during the trial of Wong Ah Foo, who was accused of murdering Loi Ah Gou at San Francisco in 1S85. In China the candle used in this extraordinary ceremonial is made from tho fat of criminals who li r-a un dergone the death penalty. St. Louis Republic. Number of Cattle Iu the United States. The exa:t cumber of cattle in' the Uni'ed States daring any year cannot be determined, but it is estimated to be at the present time between 45,000,000 aud 50,OUO,000 head. Their distribution is giveu in the Census roports, but in these the rauge cattle and those on ordinary farms are not placed iu distinct classes. For instance, in the Tenth C'eusus (lSo) Texas is credited witu having 4,004, t!U5 head of cattle, but whether they ull run out on the range or a part are kepi on small farms we aru not informed. New York Sua, KAVlGATlON'g "DAY MARK." PLACING. DISTINGUISHING AND CARING FOR BUOYS. Each Mnoy t Placed anil Markerl I'noW a Carelul .System W bl. lltiiK Hiioye and Dell Buoys. "TST LL who have visited the ap- pronches to a st aport town have fi& noticed the numerous buoys and ms,rks which are placed there as aids to navigation. Tinririnir and ierkimr at their chains as the tide sucks in around them, or ly ing quietly upon the placid waters of some sheltered bay, are black buoys and red buoys, buoys with horizontal black and red stripes, buoys with black aud whito vertical stripes, and ciing-nongiug bell buoys. Well out to tea lie much larger buoys, called mammoth buoys, gripping the sand with their iron claws. Though these marks and buoys may seem to have been put haphazard hero and there, each has a meaning. The place that each shall occupy is carefully chosen for it, and its arrangement is governed by a careful system. These aids to navigation, which are called "day marks" in contradistinction to the lights and beacons, fall under the jurisdiction of the Lighthouse Board. . The coast of the United States, In cluding the lakes and navigable rivers, is divided into sixteen districts. A naval officer is in charge of each. Under his direction all the buoys in bis district are placed. In all the districts similar buoys mean the same thing, and a buoy that has a particular distinguishing color on the coast of Maine has the same significance if in the Bay of Mobile or off the coast of Oregon. So the mariner who sails into Boston Harbor is guided and di rected exactly in the same way as he who enters the Golden Gate. Not only are the colors and positions of the buoys given on tho Coast Survey Charts, but the Lighthouse Board pub lishes a yearly list, which is distributed irratuitouslv for the benefit of com merce, in which each of its about five thousand buoys is located and describe! Coming into port from sea, thu first buov that we Dass mav be a maramotii buov. I sav "mav be." because theso buoys are only used in special cases.such as to mark the approaches to channels over bars or shoals that Ho at a con siderable distance from the coast. Tho entrances to most harbors do not require nny such special marks. The buoys that designate tho channel, and which lie on either side of it, uru red and black. Tho red buoys, which ail havo even numlwrs, must be left on the starboard or right hand in passing in from sea, while the black buoys, always with odd numbers, must bo left on the port hand. In case there arc two or more chan nels, they are distinguished by a differ ence either in size or shape of the buoys. There are, in addition to tho buoys already mentioned, two other kinds which are also fog signals, namely, tho whistling buoy and the ball buoy. Tho whistling buoy is used off the coast to mark dangerous outlying shoals or other obtwictions to navigation. It is niirmrrfKfjir by a locomotive whistle, which is made to sound by the rushing through it of air admitted and com pressed by the rising and sinking motion of the buoy. These buoys are well adapted to turbulent waters, as tho more violent the sea the louder the sound caused. Like some restless spirit chaiued to the ocean's bed, they can but sadly moan their fnte uuder smiling skies and unbroken seas; but when buffeted by tho waves and tempest-tossed, thej shriek their lamentations fiercely, and warn the mariuer to beware the spot they mark. They aro not pleasant ueighbors. Their sound is frequently heard at a dis tance of ten miles, and under very favor able circumstances it has been heard fif teen miles. The bell buoy consists of the bottom section of a buoy floating iu the w itor, on which is mounted a framework bear iug a boll which, instead of tho ordiuary tongue and clapper, has a small cannon ball supported on a platform just uuder neath the ball's mouth. This bait rolls to and fro with every motion of tho se.i. These buoys are used iu harbors and rivers where the water is smoother than iu the roadsteads, and where it is not necessary that their souud shall be he ird a great distance. Ordinary buoys, not of the whistling or bell variety, aro made of either iron or wood. Thooo of iron aro hollow, with air-tig! t compartments, and aro ot three shapes, called respectively n.i.i, can and ice buoys. Tho nuu buoy is almost conical Iu shae; the can buoy approaches the cylindrical form, and the ice buoy is very long ami narrow, and resembles the spar buoy iu form. The woodeu or spar buoys aro sticks rangiug iu length from twelve to sixty feet, aud painted according to the uses to which they are to bo put. The lower end is fitted for a mooriug chsjn. A buoy has mauy vioiHsitudov, and is exposed to many dangers. Passing steamers run down the iron buoys and rip them open, or cut off big pieces of spar buoys with their sharp propeller blades. As the irou buoys are made in com partments, they are seldom sunk by such collisions, but their line of floatation is often so lowered that they have to bo re placed. Agaiu,dcspite the fact that tho Unite I States laws punish by a flue of one thou sand dollars any oue who is convicted of unlawfully injuring any work for the improvement of navigation aud this iu addition to other peualtics provided for by the ditlereut States the very people for whose benefit these buoys it : la d ofteu unlawfully make fast their' vc-wrl to them, ami dra lh:u out of positio i. Agaiu, the ice, floating down In mast-es, parts thu morning lain, oi tears the mooriug anchor from its hold, aud t arries the buoy far out to seu, to break upoa the hor.zoo of tome mtouituei mariner. Youth's Companion. 'BEYOND THE ALPS LIES ITALY. A fresh memorial to vanished youth. The sweet girl graduate, with flower face, Her eyes so full of trust, her heart of truth, Looking o'er all the world to find her place, Her theme holds weighty words, and thoughts so staid, A travesty on life in phrase austere; But youthful confidence ii unsfraid, And gladness vibrates In the tones so cleart Beyond the Alps lies Italy T The joy of triumph, and of proud applause. Sweet floral offerings, the music s stir I Fair, sunny slope of youth I Oh, let us pause, And lingnr in this girlhood's glade with her, Ere yet she climbs those rugged steeps ol life, Where womanhood with all Its mystery lies. Remember, ere you go to meet its strife, O, maiden innocent, grown strangely wise, 'Beyond the Alps lies Italy P The essay soon will yellow grow with time. The years will string their rosary of tears. Weary and footsore, we the hills must climb, And stumble o'er the stones of cares and fears, The mists of doubt will all the landscape veil. The summit lies so very far iwij The feet may falter, and the courage fail. The stern pale lips will quiver, then, to ay: "Beyond the Alps lies Italy P O, when the hanJs that helpel you up the slope Shall loose the clasp we cannot always keep; When in the night of pain you upward grope Blinded by tears, with lagging footiteps creep; Then let your girlhood's maxim cheer your heart A peal of joy through all life's sad realm Though here we love and lose, an t meet an 1 part, There is a height where pleasure couquers pain "Beyond the Alps lies Italy p Anna B. Patten, in Youth's Companion. HUMOR OF THE DAY. ' 'Tis better to be tried by tire than to be fired after being tried. Frankliu News. People who cling to the anchor of hope often have to go down into the mud with it. Puck. Man is ninety per cent, water; aud, like water, he finds it easier to go down hill than to climb Puck. She "Do you think Penelope will suit him?" Ho "Yes, she'll lfhve to aud feed him and shoe him too." The man who puts his heart in bis work often has very little of it left to bring home to his family. Puck. The camel and the swan are just the opposite to each other, the camel always has his back up while the swan's back is always down. Truth. A stoic is a man who has so keen an appreciation of the intensity of sensations that he is ashamed to acknowledge his own real feelings. Puck. "What would you do if you were me!" "I dout know, I'm sure. I don't believe I'd bear it as well as you do." Binghamton Leader. Woman never realizes what perfidious scoundrels men can be uutil she mar ries one of them aud gives him a letter to mull. New York Herald. Experience teaches, maybe; But a man is too wise by half, To wake up his second baby For the sake of geuiug it laugh. Mercury. "I told Soper yesterday that the club he belonged to was a set of stupid tools, and to-duy they have gone ami elected me an honorary member." Commercial Bulletin. "You must regulate your clothing by the weather," said the physician. "Doc tor," said the despairing patient, "what do you think I am, a 'lightuiug-chango' artittl" Washington Star. "I'm going into it and put it through. If you were half a man you'd do it too." "I've no objection, sir; but tliou you see," lam not halt a man though you may be. J uilge. It is difficult for the belated clubman to realize that the towering female who stands at the head of the stairs is the timid little girl who once fainted in his arms at the sight of a mouse. Tid Bits. "Bill," said the burglar, "there ain't nothiu' iu this safe but a recipted mill iner's bill." "Is that so?" "Yes, I'm goij' to quit this biz. It doesn't pay. There's too much competition in it." Washington Star. "Miss Passeigh seems very contented. She says she wouldu't change places with aqueeu." "Oh, dear me!" laid Miss Peppertou. "Itou't you know that a queeu's birthday is a matter of official record ?"--Washington Star. Dear friends, be not unhappy. It you csu't get what you want in this world, be assured that there is a pleutitude of things that you don't want waitiug for you. There is always enough in the world, but most of it is a misfit. Puck. Young Hnsband "You are develop ing iuto au exurllent housekeeper. We have not hud halt thu usual expenses iu the last three weeks. How in the world did you manage it ?" Young Wife "I had the things churged." Tex is Sift ing". Strawber "I see that a porter on the Boston express died very so IJenly tho othir day." Siugerly "What waa the cause of hi death t" Strawber "Someoue succeeded in opening a win dow aud ho accideutly inhaled a quantity of fre-.li air." New York Herald. "Do you meau to ;ay y u et that pie the woman give Jul" j.uI I he tramp to his companion. "Yep. Ye see my dog was Willi me, and ef t had throwei it away Kulie would a tackled it, sure. He's a mighty good dog, aud his health ain't ba nous of the beu lately."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers