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qu.rt.rlr. Temporary aaverwsoniB i
VOL. XXV. NO. 32.
TIONESTA, PA., AVEDNESDAY, NOV. 30, 1892.
$1.50 PER ANNUM.
bo paid in advance.
Job work cash on delivery. ,j
Fo
BL
iJ
it
Charles Ashton, a London policeman,
liat reeoived a prizo of $250 for an un
published biblography of Welsh litera
ture from 1S01 to 1800.
Mars, says . J. Crowloy, tho English
scientist, is probably in communication
with other planets, and theso Mnrtinl
peoplo are probably tearing their Imir
because they can't "get" us on thslr
tclograph circuit.
Borne arguo tlmt tho deepest place in
the ocean will be found to correspond al
most exactly with the height of the high
est mouutnlo. This thoory has been dis
proved within tho last year; ocean depths
10,000 feet deepor than tho blight of
Mount Everest having been found.
The extent to which dementia has
taken hold of the Royalty of Europe is
almost pitiable, states tho Arkansas
Traveler. It is not an uncommon thing
to hear of somo royal personage who has
had his cranium measured for a crown
going about with a very ordinary wheel
in his bead.
The critics ot fruit-growing in Califor
nia, are advised by tho San Francisco
Chroniclo to read tho story from Fresuo
of the yield of two and a half acres of
seedless Sultana grapes. Ono hundred
tons of grapes which will prodnco $1000
in raisins is a pretty good return for
labor and time expended in this littlo
vineyard.
It may be rognrdod as somewhat sin
gular that Sir Walter Scott's novels are
almost as popular in Paris as are the
novels of tho eminent French novelists.
Tiauslations of his romances arc found
on every bookstall in numbers, and tho
PU Municipal Council has recently
iiown its appreciation ol tho author
:mself by naming a short street after
him,
The returns of tho Bureau of Statistics
at Washington conclusively establish too
following facts ' That during the last
ton years Canada has in every year pur
chased from the United Stntos a very
much larger amount of merchandise than
tho United States has jiurchased from
Canada, and that this excess of pur
chases during the ten years has amouted
to fully $125,01)0,000.
A French paper tells of a new process
of tanning by cioctricity, which, it says,
is being used on the ski is of stray dogs
gathered Into the Paris pound. Tho
electric system, it is alleged, transforms
the skin into leather in three or four
days, against the six or eight months
required in the ordinary way. It is
chiefly used for ladies' flue shoes, aud is
notable for soft and delicate qualities.
A savant attempts to demonstrate, in
one of our scientific rnagnziucs, tlmt there
is likely to be a scarcity of elbow room
among tho earth's population in the
reasonably ne;r future, llo estimates
the present population of the world at
something loss thau one and a hull bil
lion. Tho natural Increase, ho con
cludes, will mnko the figure six billion
two hundred year hsnce, aud this, ho
declares, is tho utmost limit of the
earth's capacity for sustaining human
life. The trouble with all theso elabo
rate estimates and deductions, maintains
the New York News, is that vhey are
based upon the hypothesis that man must
always live as ho lives to-dny. Con
ditions will chHiigo as uecossity crowds
population, ilnlf the peoplo of the earth
now rarely, if ever, taste meat. The
hubs populations of China, India, and
hiiue other countries live almost wholly
t.u rice. Analysis shows that tho banana
cor.tfjns all the elements essential to
hutnar. life, and enough bananas can be
raised on an aero of ground to supply
one hundred peoplo a year. It will bo
a long time beforo tho stauding-room-only
placard is displayed iu the world's
theatre.
If recent statistics as to tho con
dition of agriculture in tho arid States
::nd Territories, aud particularly as to
practical results of irrigation, ore to bo
depended upon, remarks Frank Leslie's
Vcckly, we may expoct that tho move--.-L'i
in favor of tho National policy of
.rignttou will be materially strength
ened. The report submitted to the
i usus office shows that nearly thirty
aillion dollars of capital is invested in
productive irrigation, aud that tho re
turns have been over sixty-rive millions
..( dollars, or about Sf IS per cent. The
estimated value on June lit, 181) J, of
irrigated farms which originally cost
,77,500,000 was uearly S'.'lir.OOO.OOO.
I at is to say, the irrigated lands aro
.T'h now four times their origiual cost.
, urs U a vast expouse of territory now
, mparatively useless, owiu to its arid
ndition, which, with the iutroduction
f irrigating methods, could bo made
icrtile aud productive, and it is becom-
i a question whether Government aid
;ty not properly be given in further
,:,oe of a system which has proved, ac
rding to the statistics given, so iin
isely beneficial.
UNCONSCIOUS SERVICE.
"The bee" she sighed "that haunts
the
clover
lias nature's errand to fulfil;
The bird that skims the azure over
Bears living seeds within his bill:
"Without a pane his flight pursuing,
He drops them on a barren strand.
And turns, unconscious of the doing,
The waste into a pasture land.
"I, craving service willingly, choosing
To fling broadcast some golden grain
Can only nit In silent musing
And weave my litanies ot pain."
I, making answer, softly kissel her;
"All nature's realm ot bees and birJf,
What is such ministry, my sister.
Compared with your enchanted words?
"The seed your weakened hand is sowing
May ripen to a harvest broad,
Which yet may help, without your know
ing,
To fill the granaries of God I"
Margaret J. Treston, in Lippincott.
THE TWO COUSINS.
DT HELEN TOHRKST ORAVRH.
WO is that talking
in tho hall?" tartly
demanded Mrs. Jen
nifer, and little
Lucilla, running to
the door, to take a
bird's-eye view of
matters through its
yawning crack, re
turned with the
satisfactory inform
ation :
"It's Cousin Olive, saying good-by to
Mr. Walbridge t"
Mrs. Jennifer contracted her showy
black eyebrows slightly.
"Is Elise there, tool"
"Why, no, mamma don't you re
member Elise went out for a walk?"
Mrs. Jennifer said nothing more; but
to one used to tho interpretation of
dumb show, a world of meaning might
have been deciphered in the swift way
in which her needle flow in and out
of the cambric ruffle she was hemming.
"Olive!" sho called, sweetly, as the
closing of the front door gave notice
that tiio visitor had at last taken his de
parture; aud by way of answer, a bright
faced young girl presented hersolf in tho
door-way a girl with shining brown
tresses tied with blue ribbon, toft brown
eyes, and afresh, blooming complexion,
like the pink blossoms that cluster on
the kal.nia bushes in May.
"Well, auat?" she said.
"I've been wanting to speak to you
for some time, Olive, dear sit down,"
purred Mrs. Jennifer. "Your uncle's
circumstances are not what they were,
as I supposo you are aware?"
"I did not know it," said Olive,
slightly changing color.
When people aro quite dependent on
the bounty and good graces of others,
they are apt to be slightly sensitive.
"He hsa been obliged to expend a
good deal of money of late, and I
knew you would be perfoctly willing to
do all you could, if you knew his situa
tion" Certainly, aunt I" said Olive, ner
vously twisting her fingers together.
"And of course, in a large fimily like
ours, every additional member is felt as
an additional burden."
"But, aunt," burst out Olive, "I ;
don't understand you. What do you
meant What is it that you want mo to
do?"
"Pray don't speak so loud, Olive 1"
remonstrated Mrs. Jennifer, wildly el
evating her eyebrows. "You are so
brusque so startling. I was only going
to tell you that Mrs. Parkman mentioned
to me yesterday thut she wanted a new
band, and that"
Olive Martin bit her lip the hot color
started up to her cheek.
"A dressmaker, aunt?"
"And why not?" calmly retorted Mr?.
Jennifer. "It is the duty of every young
woman to do something to earn an hon
est livelihood."
Olive thought of her Cousin Elise,
white handed and elegant, who did not
even make her own bed or dust her own
room; she remembered the two damsels
whoso business it was to wait upon Mrs.
Jennifer and her younger daughters.
She knew that although her own father
had died in wretchedly destitute circum
stances, yet tho time had beeu when be
helped Mr. Jennifer in such a mannor
that the latter had solemnly promised
never to forget the benefits rendered to
bim; and she also knew that upon that
father's deathbed, Moses Jennifer had
resolved to take his place toward his or
phaned child, so long as they both
should live.
"Docs my uncle know of this!" she
asked, suddenly lifting ho frank brown
eyes to the crafty face of the matron.
"Certainly 1" calmly lied Mrs. Jenni
fer, without so much as a conscience
stricken blush.
"Then it is settled," said Olive, with
a certain gasp in her throat. "I will
be a dressmaker I"
"Is this really and actually your wish,
my dear!" asked kind Moses Jennifer,
when Olive told him of her determina
tion thut evening.
"Is it not yours, uncle?"
Mr. Jenuifer looked up with a little
startled glauce as the question was asked.
"My wish is for whatever will make
you feel happy, child 1" Moses answered,
or iu his secret Heart no believed mat
ive Martin was not content in his lam-
and deeply regretted the circum
s
Olive had left the room be
turnUl to his wife.
"She doesn't seem so crazy after the
Idea as you gave me to suppose, Marga
ret!' he said.
"You cau't always judge by her mau
ner, Moses," answered the subtle wife,
who would have deluded the serpent's
own self had she been iu Mother Eve's
place in Paradise. "I am sorry to be
obliged to say so, but I do think she is
a little inclined to be deceitful 1"
"Poor child, poor child I" muttered
Moses Jennifer, "We must remsmbcr,
my dear, that she is fatherless and
motherless !"
Mrs. Jennifer rolled up her eyes santi
moniously. .
"I've always endeavored to act a ma
ternal part toward her, Mosos," she
sighed.
But not until Olivo Martin was safely
installed in Mrs. I'nrkman'g work-rooms
did Mrs. Jennifer breathe freely.
"She was actually luring Clarence
Walbrldge away from Elise undor my
very eyes and nose !" thought tho virtu
ous matron. "Clarence Walbridge, who
is the bost parti in town. Well, there's
no end to the pretensions of these country-bred
girls. I wonder what be could
possibly have soen in her big eyes, and
melancholy, pursed-up mouth 1 But now
Elise will have a fair chance, poor
dear!"
And Miss Elise Jennifer was duly
posted in what she ought to do and say
upon the occasion of Mr. Walbridge's
next visit a washed-out pink and white
beauty, with frecklod checks, flaxen
hair, frizzed into the similitude of a yel
low cloud, aud very rod lips, which she
was perpetually biting, to presrrvo their
coral bloom!
"I'll do my best, ma," said Elise,
"but I never know what to talk about
when I nm with Mr. Walbridge!"
"Pshaw!" quoth Mrs. Jennifer, "I'm
sure Olivo Martin could talk fast
enough."
"But Cousin Olive knows more than
I do," confessed innocent Elise.
Mr. Walbridge came as usual that eve
ning, and was simporingly welcomed by
Elise Jennifer, in a becoming blue silk
dress, with a rose in her yellow flossy
bair and blue knots of ribbon fluttering
wherever a blue knot could possibly, be
placed.
"Is your cousin at home!" the yooing
man asked, rather unceremoniously, and
Miss Elise recollected her lesson.
"Oh, didn't you know," quoth she,
artlessly, "Olive has left us?"
"Lett you?" echoed Clarence Wal
bridge, more disappointed than he chose
to own to himself. "What or?"
Eliso lifted her brows, looked at the
carpet, and tried to assumo an arch ex
pression of countenance.
"Of course I can't bo expected to
know certainly, "she said, "but mamma
and I both had our suspicions. In short,
I don't know really how to explain, but
I've reason to suppose she has gono
away to be married."
"To be married?"
"Some faithful cavalier, I believe,
who knew her in the days before her
poor dear father died it's all very ro
mantic, and we're so sorry to lose her I"
"What is his name?" bluntly asked
Mr. Walbridge.
Elise hesitated her lesson had not
embraced this point, but she knew she
must say something, and lispiugly an
swered: "Mr. John Smith."
At this moment Mrs. Jennifer came in
all smiles.
"I am so busy since my niece left us,"
she Baid, blandly. "I miss her terribly;
but of course it was my duty to oppose no
obstacles since Mr. Darcy had been so
faithful!"
"Mr. Darcy 1"
"Yes, tho young gentleman in ques
tion." Eliso turned tho color of carmine, but
sho bad not presence of raiud to extri
cate herself from the gulf of misrepre
sentation into which she had fallen, and
Mr. Walbridge quietly laid all these
things up in his mind.
"Oh, mamma!" cried Elise, whonher
visitor was gone, "how could you say
his name was Darcy, when I bad told
Mr. Walbridgo it was John Smith I"
Mrs. Jonnifer looked blank but hope,
that "springs eternal in the human
breast," camo to her relief, most for
tunately. "Oh, I don't believe he noticed it,"
said she. "Darcy is a better name than
Smith we'll stick to Darcy for tho fu
ture, my love!"
And Clarence Walbridge, who hod
somehow allowed himself to become
strangely interested in Miss Martin's
blooming faco and lovely, pleading eyes,
went straight to Mr. Jennifer's law
office.
"He, at least, can spiak tho truth,"
he thought, "which is nioro than one
can venture to assert of Mrs. Jennifer
and the fair Elise."
"Wulbridgo camo to my oflico this
afternoon," said Moses, bluntly, at din
ner, as ho pluuged his carving fork into
the juicy depths of a sirloin of beef.
"Ho asked mo where Olivo Martiu had
gono. Do you know, wife, I believe he
really is interested in the little thing,
and it would be a first rate thing for her,
for "
"What did you tell him?" breath
lessly interrupted Mrs. Jennifer, pausing
in her occupation of preparing tho dress
ing for a plate of lobster.
"Why, 1 snid she'd gone to learn
dressmaking at Mrs. Parkman's, to be
sure. What should I tell him?"
"Oh, Moses!" groaned Mrs. Jennifer.
"Ob, papa!" shrieked Elise.
Honest Moses stared helplessly from
one to the other.
"What do you both mean?" he de
manJed. "What have I doiic'i"
But he could got no satisfactory infor
mation from either of tho ladies.
Olive Martin was busy over the puff
ings of a bluo satin skirt, when Mrs.
Parkmsn camo iuto the room.
"A gentleman to see Miss Martin,"
said she, primly. "As a geueral thing,
it is agsinst my rule to allow my young
ladies to receive company pertaining to
the other sex, but "
But Olive escaped from the room be
fore the IecturiPwa? half over, to see
Clarence Walbridge in the shop without.
"Well, Olive," he said, gayly, as he
took both her hands in his, "you see I
have found you out!"
"Found me outi" she repeated, blush
ing very much, aud looking radiantly
pretty.
"Tell me honestly, Olive!" he pursued,
"is it John Smith or Mr, Darcy?"
"I don't know whit vu mean!"
And he explained to her the story that
bad bren related to hirn by Mrs. Jennlfe
and Miss Elise.
"It is false I" cried Olive, with spar
kling eyes and reddened cheeks. "How
dared they invent such tales about me'
I left Undo Jennifer's because my aun
hinted to mo that my maintenance had
become a burden, and that I ought tt
support myself. I could not cat tho bit
tcr bread of dependence, Mr. Walbridgo.
And I do not know what motive tucj
could possibly have had for giving such
a false reason for my departure."
"I can guess I" and Clarence Wal
bridge, shrewdly. "But we will leave
that question for future discussion, Olive.
There is another one which is of much
more present Importance to me!"
"What is it?" Olive innocently asked.
"Whether or not you will becomo my
wife?"
"Mr. Walbridge!"
"My own darling littlo Olive 1 But
you need not speak. I know from your
eyes that it is 'yes I' "
And so ended probably the firtt court
ship that was ever happily consummated
in Mrs. Parkmau's show-rooms.
Mr. Jonnifer was tho only member of
tho lnmily who was really pleased at his
niece's good luck, matrimonially speak
ing. Elise and her mamma had some
how fallen into their own trap nor was
it a pleasnnt sensation.
But Cupid protects his own. New
York Weekly.
Weather Lore of tho Sun.
Among the people of all countries and
ages, says the St. Louis Republic, the
sun's ledness on rising or setting has
always been regarded as omnious. These
notions have furnished material for many
proverbs. An old English adage in
forms us that
If red the sun begins bis race,
fie sure that rain will fall apace.
Even Christ alludes to the same popu
tar Idea of tho sun's color and its rota
tion to wet or dry weather, where he
says (Matthew xvi., 2, 3): "When it
is evening, ye say, It will be clear
weather: for the sky is red. And iu,the
morning, It will be foul weather to-day:
for the sky is red and lowering." It
may be remembered, too, how graph
ically Shakespeare puts forth this same
proverb in his "Venus and Adonis: '
Like a rel morn, that ever yet betokened
Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the fields,
Sorrow to the shepherd, wo.) unto the birds.
Gusts and foul flaws to the herdsmen and to
herds.
If we turn to European observations
we find that the Italians says: "If the
morn be red, rain is at hand," and,
again, "If the sky be red when the morn,
ing star is shining, there will be rain
during the week." As is well known,
however, a red sunset is just as propit
ious as a red rising is unlucky "a red
sky at night being a shepherd's de
light," and according to a saying very
popular when the writer was a child
Evening red, morning gray,
Bends trie traveler on his way.
In Germany it is commonly said that
"a red sunset and a gray rising sets the
pilgrim a-walking." At Malta the stable
boy will toll you that "a red sunset says :
'Get your horse ready for to-morrow.' "
In "Kichard III. "Shakespeare gives us
the same proverb in different words
The weary sun hath roads a golden set,
And, by the bright track of his fiery oar,
Gives token of a goodly day to-morrow.
Indeed, there are numerous proverbs
on this subject, all to the samo purpose,
an ancient Scotch rhyme being as fol
lows: The evening rel and the morning gray
Is a sign ot a bright an 1 cheery day;
Evening gray and morning red
Put on your hat or you'll ' wet your head
Preserving Ropes.
In order to insure more safety In ropes
used for scaffolding purposes, particu
larly in localities where the atmosphere
is destructive of hemp fiber, such ropes
should be dipped when dry into a batb
containing twenty grains of sulphate of
copper per liter ol water, and kept in
soak iu tnis solution some four days, af
terward being dried. The ropes will
thus have absorbed a certain quantity of
sulphate of copper, which will preserve
them for somo time both from the at
tacks of animal parasites and from rot.
The copper salt may be fixed in the
fiber by a coating of tar or by soapy
water, and in order to do this it may be
passed through a bath of boiled tar, hot,
drawing it through a thimble to press
back the excess of tar and suspending it
afterward on a stagiug to dry and hard
en. In a second method tho ropo is
soaked in a solution of 100 grains ot
soap per liter of water. English Me
chanic. How K Minct is Prepared.
Rennet is the dried stomach of a milk
ted calf. The stomach used is that in
which the milk is found. It is emptied
of the milk aud filled with salt and
hung up for a week, when the salt is
shaken out and it it stretched over a
bent twig to keep it spread. It is then
hung up to dry, aud should be kept in a
paper bag to preserve it from the flies
and beetles that might spoil it. For use,
a piece two inches square is taken for
100 pounds of milk and steeped iu warm
water for a few hours, a handful of salt
being added. Or the stomachs may be
steeped iu brino after being salted, aud
after some days' steeping the liquid is
strained off aud bottled for use. New
York Times.
Liberiuu Cuffte.
Tho Liberian coffee is a species of
comparatively rcceut introduction to
commerce; it is a native of Africa, culti
vated and growu in Liberia. The plant
is ot larger and stronger growth than
the Arabian coffee plant, and the fruit is
larger. It has been reported us being
more prolific than the ordiuary coffee
plant, but according to Mr. Saunders, of
the Department of Agriculture, the
statement has not been boruo out in
Brazil and Mexico, where it has been
tested. It is also more tender than the
old.r known species. New York World.
scientific ANDiNDusTRur.
By a new device you can blow out the
gas.
Hi co is the least nitrogenous of all
grains.
The average depth of sand in an Afri
can desert is thought to be from thirty
to forty feet.
The only existing bird which has a
fivo-tocd foot, when in adult life, is said
to be the Dorking fowl.
There is a largo factory near Chicago,
111., which does a profitable business in
manufacturing useful articles from the
waste blood of animals.
Reviving au old project, a French
company proposes that lightships con
nected by telegraph be stationed at in
tervals of 200 miles across the Atlantic.
An English experimenter, E. T. Chap
lin, has given an account of hypnotizing
a laying hen, and inducing her in that
manner to sit on a sitting of eggs until
seven of them bad hatched out.
Pictures are taken now of patients at
various stagoa of disease, and a compar
ison of those with photographs of others
similarly afflicted discloses phenomena
of great interest and value to medical
science.
Portland cement will not do for caulk
ing the joints of greenhouse pipes. Al
ternate layers of oakum and red lead,
well rammed in, is the proper stopping,
and does not crack or shrink like cement
would ; and again, Portland cement,
even if it answered in other respects,
would give too rigid a joint.
Some one has estimated that twenty
two acres of land is needed to sustain a
man on flesh, while that amount of land
sown with wheat will feed forty-two
persons sowed to oats, eighty-eight; to
potatoes, Indian corn and rice, lib per
sons, and planted with tho bread fruit
tree, over 6000 people could be fed.
Salt affects the freezing of ice cream
by causing the ice to molt, on account
of its own slight affiuity for water. Tho
ice in melting rapidly absorbs heat or
renders heat latent, and hence reduces
tho temperature below that of ice, which
simply molts by heat acquired from sur
rouuding objects by conduction or con
vection of air.
Light travels at the rate of 213,000
miles a second, a velocity which causes
the rays from the moon to reach us in a
little less than a second and a quarter.
The rays of Jupiter ate fifty-two minutes
in reaching us. It would take millions
of years for the same beams to reach us
if their starting point was from one of
the fixed stars.
The red glow of the planet Mars has
puzzled everybody but a French astron
omer, who gives it as his opinion that
the vegetation' of that far-away world is
crimson instead of green. He also says
that be hasn't the least doubt but that
there are single flowers on the war god's
surface which are as large as the incor
porated limits of Paris.
The introduction of electrically driven
coal cutters and other mining machinery
Is making rapid progress in the bitumi
nous mining regions of the Central West.
The importance of this line of work will
be apparent from the figures of produc
tion, which show that last year 150,000,
000 tons of this coal were mined in the
United States, principally west of the
Alloghenie8.
Piscutory authorities of the highest
standing tell us that were it not for na
ture's grand "evening-up" provisions,
the fishes of the seas would multiply so
tapidly that within three short years they
would fill tho waters to such an extent
that there would be no room for them
to swim. This will hardly be disputed
when it is known that a single female
cod will lay 45,000,000 eggs iu a siuglo
season.
The Chinaman's "Vellow Oath."
One of the strangest judicial proceed
ings, perhaps, ever witnessed is that of
the Chinaman taking what be is pleased
to call the "yellow oath." Tho "oath,"
or declaration, is always written on a
piece of "sacred" pupcr aud is as fol
lows: This is to call tho spirits, both good
and evil, to desceud and watch over the
trial of , who is charged with mur
dering . If I swear falsely and tell
ono untruth, or do not make statements
according to tho facts in the case, I
humbly beg the celestial terrcstial spirits
to redress the wrong done to and
to punish me immediately for having
been a false witness; to arrest my soul
in its flight; to make me perish by the
sword, or to cause me to die while on
the sea far from home. This is my true
aud solemn oath, uttered by my own
lips, and sigued by uiu this, the day
of the month iu the year of the
reign of the Emperor ; and in
proof of tho earnestness of my declara
tions, may my soul bo destroyed as I
now destroy this paper, by lire." Im
mediately after the witness finishes read
ing his "yellow oath," a lighted candle
is handed to him and tho paper is given
as food for the flames. To the writer's
certain knowledge this form of oath bus
beeu administered but once in au Ameri
can court of justice during the trial of
Wong Ah Foo, who was accused of
murdering Loi Ah Gou at San Francisco
in 1S85. In China the candle used in
this extraordinary ceremonial is made
from tho fat of criminals who li r-a un
dergone the death penalty. St. Louis
Republic.
Number of Cattle Iu the United States.
The exa:t cumber of cattle in' the
Uni'ed States daring any year cannot be
determined, but it is estimated to be at
the present time between 45,000,000 aud
50,OUO,000 head. Their distribution is
giveu in the Census roports, but in these
the rauge cattle and those on ordinary
farms are not placed iu distinct classes.
For instance, in the Tenth C'eusus (lSo)
Texas is credited witu having 4,004,
t!U5 head of cattle, but whether they ull
run out on the range or a part are kepi
on small farms we aru not informed.
New York Sua,
KAVlGATlON'g "DAY MARK."
PLACING. DISTINGUISHING AND
CARING FOR BUOYS.
Each Mnoy t Placed anil Markerl
I'noW a Carelul .System W bl.
lltiiK Hiioye and Dell Buoys.
"TST LL who have visited the ap-
pronches to a st aport town have
fi& noticed the numerous buoys
and ms,rks which are placed
there as aids to navigation.
Tinririnir and ierkimr at their chains
as the tide sucks in around them, or ly
ing quietly upon the placid waters of
some sheltered bay, are black buoys and
red buoys, buoys with horizontal black
and red stripes, buoys with black aud
whito vertical stripes, and ciing-nongiug
bell buoys. Well out to tea lie much
larger buoys, called mammoth buoys,
gripping the sand with their iron claws.
Though these marks and buoys may
seem to have been put haphazard hero
and there, each has a meaning. The
place that each shall occupy is carefully
chosen for it, and its arrangement is
governed by a careful system.
These aids to navigation, which are
called "day marks" in contradistinction
to the lights and beacons, fall under the
jurisdiction of the Lighthouse Board.
. The coast of the United States, In
cluding the lakes and navigable rivers,
is divided into sixteen districts. A naval
officer is in charge of each. Under his
direction all the buoys in bis district are
placed.
In all the districts similar buoys mean
the same thing, and a buoy that has a
particular distinguishing color on the
coast of Maine has the same significance
if in the Bay of Mobile or off the coast
of Oregon. So the mariner who sails
into Boston Harbor is guided and di
rected exactly in the same way as he who
enters the Golden Gate.
Not only are the colors and positions
of the buoys given on tho Coast Survey
Charts, but the Lighthouse Board pub
lishes a yearly list, which is distributed
irratuitouslv for the benefit of com
merce, in which each of its about five
thousand buoys is located and describe!
Coming into port from sea, thu first
buov that we Dass mav be a maramotii
buov. I sav "mav be." because theso
buoys are only used in special cases.such
as to mark the approaches to channels
over bars or shoals that Ho at a con
siderable distance from the coast. Tho
entrances to most harbors do not require
nny such special marks.
The buoys that designate tho channel,
and which lie on either side of it, uru
red and black. Tho red buoys, which
ail havo even numlwrs, must be left on
the starboard or right hand in passing in
from sea, while the black buoys, always
with odd numbers, must bo left on the
port hand.
In case there arc two or more chan
nels, they are distinguished by a differ
ence either in size or shape of the buoys.
There are, in addition to tho buoys
already mentioned, two other kinds
which are also fog signals, namely, tho
whistling buoy and the ball buoy.
Tho whistling buoy is used off the
coast to mark dangerous outlying shoals
or other obtwictions to navigation. It
is niirmrrfKfjir by a locomotive whistle,
which is made to sound by the rushing
through it of air admitted and com
pressed by the rising and sinking motion
of the buoy. These buoys are well
adapted to turbulent waters, as tho more
violent the sea the louder the sound
caused. Like some restless spirit chaiued
to the ocean's bed, they can but sadly
moan their fnte uuder smiling skies and
unbroken seas; but when buffeted by
tho waves and tempest-tossed, thej
shriek their lamentations fiercely, and
warn the mariuer to beware the spot they
mark. They aro not pleasant ueighbors.
Their sound is frequently heard at a dis
tance of ten miles, and under very favor
able circumstances it has been heard fif
teen miles.
The bell buoy consists of the bottom
section of a buoy floating iu the w itor,
on which is mounted a framework bear
iug a boll which, instead of tho ordiuary
tongue and clapper, has a small cannon
ball supported on a platform just uuder
neath the ball's mouth. This bait rolls
to and fro with every motion of tho se.i.
These buoys are used iu harbors and
rivers where the water is smoother than
iu the roadsteads, and where it is not
necessary that their souud shall be he ird
a great distance.
Ordinary buoys, not of the whistling
or bell variety, aro made of either iron
or wood. Thooo of iron aro hollow,
with air-tig! t compartments, and aro ot
three shapes, called respectively n.i.i,
can and ice buoys. Tho nuu buoy
is almost conical Iu shae; the
can buoy approaches the cylindrical
form, and the ice buoy is very long ami
narrow, and resembles the spar buoy iu
form.
The woodeu or spar buoys aro sticks
rangiug iu length from twelve to sixty
feet, aud painted according to the uses
to which they are to bo put. The lower
end is fitted for a mooriug chsjn.
A buoy has mauy vioiHsitudov, and is
exposed to many dangers. Passing
steamers run down the iron buoys and
rip them open, or cut off big pieces of
spar buoys with their sharp propeller
blades.
As the irou buoys are made in com
partments, they are seldom sunk by such
collisions, but their line of floatation is
often so lowered that they have to bo re
placed. Agaiu,dcspite the fact that tho Unite I
States laws punish by a flue of one thou
sand dollars any oue who is convicted of
unlawfully injuring any work for the
improvement of navigation aud this iu
addition to other peualtics provided for
by the ditlereut States the very people
for whose benefit these buoys it : la d
ofteu unlawfully make fast their' vc-wrl
to them, ami dra lh:u out of positio i.
Agaiu, the ice, floating down In
mast-es, parts thu morning lain, oi tears
the mooriug anchor from its hold, aud
t arries the buoy far out to seu, to break
upoa the hor.zoo of tome mtouituei
mariner. Youth's Companion.
'BEYOND THE ALPS LIES ITALY.
A fresh memorial to vanished youth.
The sweet girl graduate, with flower face,
Her eyes so full of trust, her heart of truth,
Looking o'er all the world to find her
place,
Her theme holds weighty words, and
thoughts so staid,
A travesty on life in phrase austere;
But youthful confidence ii unsfraid,
And gladness vibrates In the tones so
cleart
Beyond the Alps lies Italy T
The joy of triumph, and of proud applause.
Sweet floral offerings, the music s stir I
Fair, sunny slope of youth I Oh, let us pause,
And lingnr in this girlhood's glade with
her,
Ere yet she climbs those rugged steeps ol
life,
Where womanhood with all Its mystery
lies.
Remember, ere you go to meet its strife,
O, maiden innocent, grown strangely
wise,
'Beyond the Alps lies Italy P
The essay soon will yellow grow with time.
The years will string their rosary of tears.
Weary and footsore, we the hills must climb,
And stumble o'er the stones of cares and
fears,
The mists of doubt will all the landscape
veil.
The summit lies so very far iwij
The feet may falter, and the courage fail.
The stern pale lips will quiver, then, to
ay:
"Beyond the Alps lies Italy P
O, when the hanJs that helpel you up the
slope
Shall loose the clasp we cannot always
keep;
When in the night of pain you upward
grope
Blinded by tears, with lagging footiteps
creep;
Then let your girlhood's maxim cheer your
heart
A peal of joy through all life's sad realm
Though here we love and lose, an t meet an 1
part,
There is a height where pleasure couquers
pain
"Beyond the Alps lies Italy p
Anna B. Patten, in Youth's Companion.
HUMOR OF THE DAY.
' 'Tis better to be tried by tire than to
be fired after being tried. Frankliu
News.
People who cling to the anchor of
hope often have to go down into the
mud with it. Puck.
Man is ninety per cent, water; aud,
like water, he finds it easier to go down
hill than to climb Puck.
She "Do you think Penelope will
suit him?" Ho "Yes, she'll lfhve to
aud feed him and shoe him too."
The man who puts his heart in bis
work often has very little of it left to
bring home to his family. Puck.
The camel and the swan are just the
opposite to each other, the camel always
has his back up while the swan's back is
always down. Truth.
A stoic is a man who has so keen an
appreciation of the intensity of sensations
that he is ashamed to acknowledge his
own real feelings. Puck.
"What would you do if you were
me!" "I dout know, I'm sure. I
don't believe I'd bear it as well as you
do." Binghamton Leader.
Woman never realizes what perfidious
scoundrels men can be uutil she mar
ries one of them aud gives him a letter
to mull. New York Herald.
Experience teaches, maybe;
But a man is too wise by half,
To wake up his second baby
For the sake of geuiug it laugh.
Mercury.
"I told Soper yesterday that the club
he belonged to was a set of stupid tools,
and to-duy they have gone ami elected
me an honorary member." Commercial
Bulletin.
"You must regulate your clothing by
the weather," said the physician. "Doc
tor," said the despairing patient, "what
do you think I am, a 'lightuiug-chango'
artittl" Washington Star.
"I'm going into it and put it through.
If you were half a man you'd do it too."
"I've no objection, sir; but tliou you see,"
lam not halt a man though you may be.
J uilge.
It is difficult for the belated clubman
to realize that the towering female who
stands at the head of the stairs is the
timid little girl who once fainted in his
arms at the sight of a mouse. Tid
Bits. "Bill," said the burglar, "there ain't
nothiu' iu this safe but a recipted mill
iner's bill." "Is that so?" "Yes, I'm
goij' to quit this biz. It doesn't pay.
There's too much competition in it."
Washington Star.
"Miss Passeigh seems very contented.
She says she wouldu't change places
with aqueeu." "Oh, dear me!" laid
Miss Peppertou. "Itou't you know that
a queeu's birthday is a matter of official
record ?"--Washington Star.
Dear friends, be not unhappy. It you
csu't get what you want in this world,
be assured that there is a pleutitude of
things that you don't want waitiug for
you. There is always enough in the
world, but most of it is a misfit. Puck.
Young Hnsband "You are develop
ing iuto au exurllent housekeeper. We
have not hud halt thu usual expenses iu
the last three weeks. How in the world
did you manage it ?" Young Wife "I
had the things churged." Tex is Sift
ing". Strawber "I see that a porter on
the Boston express died very so IJenly
tho othir day." Siugerly "What waa
the cause of hi death t" Strawber
"Someoue succeeded in opening a win
dow aud ho accideutly inhaled a quantity
of fre-.li air." New York Herald.
"Do you meau to ;ay y u et that pie
the woman give Jul" j.uI I he tramp to
his companion. "Yep. Ye see my dog
was Willi me, and ef t had throwei it
away Kulie would a tackled it, sure.
He's a mighty good dog, aud his health
ain't ba nous of the beu lately."