4 r i I The Somerset H erald rerms of Publication. ' Published every Wednir nis " Mil invariably be chanced. o subscrlptloa 1U be discontinued antil a yrra...r.p- rouae , noa(y .. when sui-cr-her. do take t -pUOB. ubaber. removing frwnont ostoSc U a- . -- A iI.'mh Ir!l M the present The Somerset Herald, Somerset, Ta. I- J. J.MIIX.EIU r,,.nT ATrOKXEr-ATXAW. 17 RED. W. F.I EM -.t Jv u, . f . nn-sulr, lnOook a Beanli' Block. t ..t.i- i tirT'T.T, Somerset Pa. 0HXRTT, Tfiw ' Somerset, Pa. 17 J. kooslk. w P ATTORNEY-AT LAW, 1. S ENDS LEY. ATTOKNET-AT-UAW, Somerset, P - S.u' TRENT. ATTORN EY- A T-LAW , Scuiureet, Fenn a. .- Inn t Cf'I'T T. f V ' '-iTTOKNEY-AT-tAW. Somerset, Pa. !H.L BAER, ATTORNEY -AT-LAW, i Will r-ratlce In S..niersetn.l adjotninKCountlei f A!r." .eB;ru,llto him will l prompt I A. H. OJlFROTlL W. II Bl I'Pl'-L- FwFROTII RITPEL. ATTl'KNEYS-ATL.AW. ! All business entrusted to their care will ta 5 IMamtnjth Block. I iT wlweX c C0LB0RS' I r0LB0RX A' WTXORN j ATTDENEYS-ATLAW. i Atl .aftiw intrusted to our care will be prompt- j w t tveTan.0. renabl. Urn. TILLIAM H. KOONTZ. SonierKt, Fa., Will rive ,m.ir-t attention to bnflnew e-1 to hll pare tn damn and adjoining eountie. Othr In Pnnttng Huuoe Kow DFNNIS MEYERS, ATTOKNEY-AT-LAW Somert, Pcnn AH lenl hofinee cntme.l to Mf rare wlU be ,V..n,v5towitlii'rou.p'nefiandtilleHty. !cr fc Co.'l"re. nr TtvK t n nn. .1 ' ATTOKNEY-ATLAW, V Somerset. Pa. tUe.l.'TemlnU1 and allleral tlne attended to with i,nmi.u.6e and ndelltj. I'. ATTOKS EY-AT-IAW, mxy3 S.raerfet, Pa. 31 Aliuiuiu. I .TTL'VtV.T.I.W. S'.uierset, Pa. timce, up-stalrf in Mammoth B'wa. JOHN 0. KIMMEL. Al TOKN EY-AT-LA. W , Soinerjet, Pa. Will attend to all t.nsinew ectrufted to hU ear Ins Ind adjoining onntie. M lmpt 4 neM and fidelity. ifflee on Main Crow itrcet. I II ENRY F. SCHELL. tATTOENEl-Al-i". nr,r,r,t and Pennon Aircnt, Somerset, Pa. Ottice in Mammotn lilaok. "rALENTINE HAY. ATTOENEY-ATEUW And 1WH in Real Estate. Somer t. P H1 attriKl to all hoPltiew entrunted to li care wun jiromptneM and ndety . TOHNnTUHTT .1 ATTORNEY -AT LAW '' Someraet, Pa, WlirpTomptly tend to all bf',,n',,l. to r.lm. Money advanced on collect luns, Ae. Ut tire in Mammoth liulldlnic. J. G.OGLE, ATTORN EY-AT LAW, Somerset Pa., Prolenslonal bortneM entrorted to my care at tended U with promptoeM and ndeuty. DR. J. M. LOUTH ER, ( Formerly of Stoyestown.) FHi nriJX AKD SVRCEOK, Han locatfd trtnanentty In S'"- j ( entral Hotel, in rear of DnK Store. TOmjSI. Yyi. E. W. B LOUGH, HOMEOPATHIC riiYSlCAS ASD SIRGEOS Tenderi" hl aerrlwF to the people of Son-.erwt and vicinity. in t.wn or country promptly attended to. fan 1 found at office dv ornlglit. unlet profeoionally cnK3ed. -Jttice on s..ni heart coru.T oi Diamond, over kne!rt Shoe Store. aprj-e.u. IT. S. KIMMEL I f tonder h protensional ervice to the eitl iiii of Somerset an.t Vicinity, f'nlc prolcwlon- a I enicaiteil he can 1 K ana al ma :aoe, n iu.ih St.. tt of the Diamond. TR. H. F.RURAKER tenders lii; -iet and vicinity, iifrc in reldcnc cn Main T, R. VM. RAUCH tenders his " profesJlmal services' to the cltiiensof Som C"et and Tr inity. , , im.-e Kie dour U't of Wayne A Bertcblle turnHnre -re. lice.. 1 DR. JOHN BILLS. DENTIST. Office p stalrj InCwk A lVerita Ulock, Somer set, Pa. DR. WILLIAM COLLINS. DENTIST. StlMEKSET. PA. t!Sce In Manimmh Dloclt, above Boyd a Irn Store, where he can at all times be fwnnl prepar in,4n'.l ktaria rf work, such as nil tog. rem). Artificial teeth of all kiida. and of the best material Inserted. Operations warranted. H HOWARD WYNNE, MD. J'jHXSTO M X, PKX.VA. lilneasesofth. F.ve. Ear. Nose and Throat Sicial and r.xrluoit. timet Ice. Hours, f A. M. to vp . Lather a Oreen iiloek, a Mala M. T I'. THOMPSON, M. D. J . s?l KOEUN DENTIST. Johnstown, Pa. Has had a professional experience ol more than tliirv vears. Fnt-io Tkkth a Spx-ialtt. th. rooms No. xtz Main street (up stairs) over John li hert's Hardware Store. It will be necea earr l,r iersons who want work done to Biake ea- Kaicetnealt Dennvuinu. vis o. DR. J. K. MILLER has verroa uent'T la!f.l in IterliB 1 the p -act ice el iiti proteVia. tiCot opposite t'harle Krlsslnv. er's store. . . .. apt. Si '7u-tL j JJIAMOND HOTEL, STOYSTOWN. PENN'A. Tkts popular anil well known kvase k.s lately neen u.n nyi.iT ana newr reatted wits all new nd best ot turniture. whlcb bat made It a very desirable sttii.u.g .Uce i.r tlie traaeUnK public, liis table and r.t cannot be surpassed, ail be niC first class, with a larre public kail attacked to the eaice. Also Urtre nd roomy subline First class koanlioi: can be bad at Ike luweat poe si Lie trices, t j the week, day or meal. SASIUl.LCrsTKR. Prop. k.E.U. IHamoad KiOTStov ,Pa AO U I F" Send ( cents or nost- 1 I Mm Cm a and receive free a oily 1h. ui p,uich will help v. to more Mice y rlkt ws tkaa anvtklns: esse la tkla W'H-W. Ail. o sitljer H-x. succeed tromnrst lor. 1 he lrrd r.l to turtune ocs beire ike work ers, alwoiuteir .ure. At once aadresa. Tarn a Aneutta. Jlalne. una. "JXECCTOR'S NOTCE. Lsiaie ot Adam Z.mmcrman. dee'd, late o Som ertet twsmU, Somerset Omnty, Pa. Letters testaamtary en the ahova eatata kav ina twra araated to the andersiKMd. notiee Is uert-t.yKiven to all ersons UKieUwl to said estate tt'make unmllate eayment, aad tnuse bavlnsr cisims avainstthesasM will pmeai them duly aa'bentica4 lor settiemrnt, on r.turdT. Ntk vegtwr I Inst, at the late raeMeuc lUeii-e-otJr in Jenner l arj.. ... JONAS MA1EF.R. ----- : - - - - - ' l:r -r-r- r-r- VOL. XXXIII. NO. IS. GREAT BARGAINS IN BRASS AND COPPER JI'JULJ JL -IL LARGEST STOCK At Lowest Prices Ever OM, at Wholesale ai -FttJLJSTTZ W. HAY, MANVFACTVREH AND JOBBER IN Plain, Stamped, and Japanned Tinware BANGES, STOVES AND HOrSE-rTKNISHING GOODS, COPPE, SHEET-IRON irOrder Solicited from Merchants 280 Wasliington Street, TO THE Farmins: Trade ! We wish to call vour attention to the iiviiviEisrsE stock: -OF1 OUR- O l' brch-d Make of Mortfxjram HOOTS & HOES. Which we have Just Received for the FAIL AKD WINTER TRRDE. EvervFair are Warranted to Give ENTIRE SATISFACTION Bv the Manufacturer, and if they fail to do as we guar antee them to do, we refund the money or give you a New Pair FEEE O COST ! Please bear in mind that we are Sole Agent for the Monogram Boots & Shoes In Johnstown, and no other Shoe Dealer can sell you the Monogram Boots & Shoes But Us. Our Stock of other BOOXS AND SHOES Of Coarse, as well as Medium and Fine is Larger this Fall than ever, and at Prices that Will surprise you. We can save you fully 2-3 per cent by buying your Fall and Winter Stock from Us. OiSTE-PHICE SHOE STORE No. 212 Main St., Johnstown, Pa. A NEW ENTERPRISE. E. M. Lambert & Bro., Mahufacturers of and Dealers hi White Rn6 ana HaMSifr We have aecared a And manufacture Shineles on the Michigan Principle. We cat, aixl cuasiaatlv keep oa band two cradesof the varto( kituis ol Sninalca. We caaraoioe ear Shinitle to I superior t any ia tke (.bounty. Shall be pleased to have partir eme aad Inspect our aklairics belura baying elsewhere. A4draes E. M. LAMBERT & BRO., LAM BERTS V1LLE, SOU KKSCT Ciii, Pa, aaeU-ena. L. STAR&ARDTER S JLUIJUJI 1 WARE, AND BRUSHES Sellng Gocls In In My Line.-m - Jolmstow SOMERSET COUin BANK (ESTABLISHED 1877.) CHARLES. J. HABE1S0H. President. M. I. PRiTTS. Cashier Collections made In all parts of the United States. CHABGES MODERATE. Parties wishing to send money West can be ac commodated lv draft on New Torlt In any sum. Oollections made with promptness. V. S. Bonds nought and sold. Money and valuables secured by one of DleNild's celebrated safes, with a Sar gent A Yale 3j0 00 time loolu ACCOUNTS SOLICITED. ar Alllega holidays observed." Albzrt A. Hoes a J. Scott Wabdv HORHE f WARD BCCl'KSSOKa TO EATON & BROS, SO. 27 FIFTH AYESUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. SPRING, 1882. NEW GOODS EVSSY DAY SPECIALTIES tmbroider!e,Uc$, Millinery, Whits 6oodi, Hand kerchiefs! Dress Trimmings. Hotisry, Gloves, Corsets, Muslin and Merino Underwear, In fants' and Children's Clothing. Fancy Gcods, Yarns, Zephyrs, Mats rials ef Alt Kindt for FANCY WORK, Gent's Anion ; Gils, k, k TCCB rATBOJI AQ 1 aaOrsX-TSTLtT BOLICITID. fir-Orders by Mailattended to with Protnpt mj and Dispatch. TUTT'S POLLS "THE OLD RELIABLE." 25 YEARS IN USE. The Greatest Medical Triumph of the Age. Indorsed all over the World. SYMPTOMS OF A TORPID LIVER. Loss of appetite. Nausea, bowels cos; tive. Fain m the HeaAwiih a dull sen: satipain the back part. PainjindeT thejiHoulderblade, fttllness aftereatr ing with a disinclination tpeiertign ot body or mind. Irritability of temp er, Low epint 3, Loss of memory (witS a feejingoXJb4Vtogjrieglectedjsome duty,arinessizzinei9Jputtei ing of the Heartj fiots before theeyes, YeUpwiSWndHead3Che,Rest!ejOTe at night, highly oolcredTlrine. IF THESE WARNIKGS ARE TJNHZEDED, EIS:;! CCSaZ3 W. t3S SI SZVXUrZS. TDIT8 PILLS are especially adapted to such cases, one tloae effects sucb a change of feeling; as to astonish tbe sufferer. TneylKcrraea the Appetite, and cause tbe body to Take oat I'ie.h, thus the sys tem is nourished, and by their Tossie Actiose on the DlarraUva Orsaaa. Besjav lar slswol. nre proiafd. Pnoe 5 eewta. TUTT8 IIAIll DYE. Orav Hat t r Whisbtfrs changed to a Gushsv Ulack by a nutclo application of tills PVE. It imparta n natural color, acta tnxtaiitutienuly. c-obl by Dnigglataa or wnt by express on reoeipt of k)l. Office, 44 Murray St., New Yof FASHIONABLE CUTTER & TAILOE, h Having 'J Inesa. 1 had many experience branches of Tailoring bus ts. 1 guarantee who may call np 1 oa me and favor me with t belt paw iouaa. Ysr,fce wn. m. nocnsTE ri:i(, saart CHARLES HOFFMAN, HERCHAIIT TAILOR. 8tsJ LATEST STTLES U LOWEST PRICES. tWSATISFACTlON GUARANTEED: . SOMERSET, PA. fc5 outfit free. Mo risk. Can- Reader, If yoa hieh aarsnas oi , yoans; oroto, can ataae a teas pay an the ttSM tbey work, wllk akealau arrtanity wrttefor psmlcalars w H. Bauantr, PorUaedJae. S rPa. fv - r a week at name. VI' I I" nav absolutely sura. fl flltsi not required. II J 1 Unit basineaa at w e, tbersex He and I. He was the first always ; fortune Shone bright in his face. I fought for years ; with no effort Be conquered the place ; -We ran ; my feet were all bleeding, But he won the race. My home was still in the shadow, . His lay in the sun ; I longed in vain ; what he asked for It straightway was done Once I staked all niy heart's treasures ; j . We played and he won. Yes ; and just now I hare seen him, Cold, smiling and blest, -Laid in his coffin. God he'p me ! While he is at rest I am cursed still to live ; even Death loved him the best. Adelaide Editorial Jaunt Over the Line ol the Son t hi Pennsylvania RailroatL From tbe Engineering News and American Con- , tract Journal, Fifty years ago, a drive of two hundred miles, or more, from the Cumberland Volley to Pittsburgh, : would hardly have been considered ; as worthy, of mention ; in fact, it was too much of an every day occur rence. But in this day of steam, in the hurry and dash of our present mode of life, such a trip is an en joyable novelty, and forcibly recalls the leisurely methods of past gener ations, before railroads were, and the telegraph and other electric wonders more than the dreams of a few wise men. We have made this journey aa our fathers made it, and propose to tell what we saw. The southern tier of Pennsylvania counties covers a region famed lor its beaty of scenery, and filled with the traditions of colonial days ; sto ries of Indian raids and massacres. of the exploits 'of the sturdy fron tiersman, of the Trench and Indian wars of the middle of the last centu ry, of Washington, liraddock, Ferbes and Bouquet But ot all this only memory remains, and the suggestive local names of villages and streams and mountain tops. To the un thinking strauger Forts Littleton, Loudon, Ligonier, Cumberland and Bedford mean nothing but empty names of Modern towns. But they cover the sites of actual fortresses, christened in honor of old-world he roes, and lorming links in a chain of similar works extending from Fort IiOwther, in Carlisle, in fact, from Easton on the Delaware, to Fort Pitt on the then remote Ohio. They were barriers against Indian raids, and in part against French aggression, and served as rallying points for settlers harrassed by a savage foe now long driven from this region. Burnt Cabins, Standing Stone and Bloody Run have each their story to tell, and Braddock's Road is still a traveled high way. But through this land of story and directly along the path we followed, another army ia making its way, greater in numbers than Braddock's and better generaled; yet like the forces of that unfortunate comman der, this modern host is also cutting a road to the bite of Fort Pitt But the new highway is on a grander scale; it pierces the very bowels cf the mountaina and leaps the deep gorges in a manner typical of the advance of humanity in the years that have intervened. It is through this country that the South Pennsylvani Railroad is be ing built, and a general tour of in spection over its lice was realiy the purpose of our yisit and forms the text ; proper of our re marks. The new railroad -commences in Harrisburg, and crosses the Susque hanna river on the veTy ferry site established bv John Harris in 1705. The piers of the bridge, substantial and handsome in appearance, are just being completed, and from the southern end ot this structure the line follows down the Cumberland Valley to a point below Carlisle, and gradually climbing the eastern slope of the Blue Mt., pierces this mountain and the Kittatinny by a pair of tunnels so close together as to be called the "Twins." From this point westward to Pittsburgh the road pursues its way through mountain ranges and along moun tain crest j As a prospective route for a great railroad to the West the line now being built is no new thing eave in the very important feature of actual construction. As long ago as 1837 Mother Mage made a survey for a railroad from Chanibersburg to Pittsburgh, by order of the Legisla ture of Pennsylvania. His location in part occupied the ground being built upon to-day, but in his effort to serve too many masters and meet widely scattered local demands, his route was too crooked to suit even the men who in preference selected the present .devious line of the Pennsylvania Railroad through the mountains. The old Mage report to the Legis lature still exists and from it we find that he made the distance from Chambersburg to Pittsburgh 240 miles. That the maximum gradi ent was 00 ft per mile and only half of the line exceeded 40 ft per mile. He estimated for three tun nels, and tbe - total cost was to be i 11, 305,789.89. i His prices were low enough ; he figured excavation at 11 to 12 i cte. per. cn. yd., em bankment, 10 to 14 cts., loose rock, 45 to 50 cts., solid rock 55 to SO cts., and culvert masonry f 1.50 to $3.00. His superstructure was to be an "H" rail 45 lbs. -per yd., laid on 3x9 in. locust longitudinal sills, with 6x6 I in- locust cross-ties spaced 20 in. be tween centers, with 4 in. of broken stone ballast beneath. This track was to cost $9,755.55 per mile. Subsequently ."'about the year 1844,! the State ' employed J. L. Schlatter to make surveys for a rail road from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. Extensive operations were conduct ed ia the field by him and his assist ants over the then called " Southern Route n from Chambersburg across Cowan's Gap into the waters of tbe Little Aughwick Creek, thence along Aughwick Creek and sideling Hill Creek passing by Wishart'sGap into Sherman's Valley, the waters of which flow into the Raystown Branch of the Juniata near Piper's EST-AJBLISHEO 1827. SOMERSET, PA., WEDNESDAY. OCTOBER 15, 1884. Run, and thence the line, following the Raystown Branch, reached the base of the Alleghecies and ascend ed their -eastern slope to the summit of Will's creek: thence following the Casselman river arid the Yough iogheny and Monongahela rivers to the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad. Nothing further was done until tbe organization of the Penn sylvania Railroad Company in 1846. In the following year this company made an examination of the differ ent routes from Harrisburg indica ted by all the former surveys and came to the conclusion to reject the Southern route, and adopted the roups ty the valley of the Juniata as presenting greater facilities and less distance than any other, and commenced construction. The southern route lay dormant until the year 1S54 when the Dun- cannon, Landisburg and Broad Top Railroad Company was organized and chattered and became the actu al parent of the present company. In 1855 the name was changed to that of the Sherman's Valley and Broad Top Railroad Company and in 1857 the Legislature authorized this company to extend its line by the most practicable route and con nect it with tbe Pittsburg and Con nellsville railroad, and also with the Allegheny Portage Railroad and to construct lateral roads. In 1859 the title was again changed to the Pennsylvania Pacific Railway Com pany. This company retained all the rights and privileges previously granted, and was authorized to ex tend its line westward to the State Line of Maryland and of Virginia. In 1863 the name was finally chang ed to that of the " South Pennsylva nia Railroad Company " and during the last session of the Legislature, general laws were passed under which the powers of the company were greatly extended and authority was obtained which enabled it to adopt the shortest possible line be tween Harrisburg and the State Line of Virginia and Pittsburgh. The various extensions and renew als granted to the company seem to have been greatly due to the person al efforts and watchful interest of Col. James Worrell, a veteran civil engineer, now a resident of Harris burg. He had assisted Hage in his original surveys in 1837 and 18C8, and always maintained the most lively interest in the Southern route. He became President of the South Pennsylvania Railroad Company about the yetr I860, and made some reconnoissances and BUrveys of his own between Chambersburg and Pittsburgh, and advanced some bold theories for. the engineering of the route. During the period between I860 and 1880, the controlling stockhold ers of the organization were the Mc Calmont Brothers, of London, who had subscribed for the majority cf the stock and paid in, in cash, the first instalment thereon. Practical ly, this gave the control to the offi cers of the Philadelphia and Read ing Railroad Company, and so mat ters remained until some time in 1881, whe the subscription book was opened and large additional subscriptions were made by parties representing capitalists in the State of New York Surveys were com menced under the supervision of Ol iver W. Barnes, of New York, Civil Engineer, with a large force, and suf ficient data was obtained to enable him to report that a new and better line bad been discovered than any that had been heretofore known, and upon this report being place'tf before capitalists, subscriptions to an amount sufficient to construct the road were obtained and the com pany was reorganized with abund ant capital. Mr. tiarnes was selected as the Chief Engineer of the Company and was authorized to survey and locate the line upon the route he had rec ommended, but in order to make as surance doubly sure, the most thor ough exploration was made of every practicable route and side line which presented itself, or which was advo cated by intelligent persons along the line, before finally adopting the location now under construction. A belt several miles in width was cov ered bv tbe surveys, and its rugged topography carefully mapped and pnes were estimated upon and compared in the most careful man ner. One of the strikin? features which is presented to the mind of the en gineer in considering the adopted location is that it is a "summit line" for a large portion of the way and instead of following the devious windings of the mountain streams as does it older brother, tbe Penn sylvania Railroad, it cuts through the mountain ranges which cross it at right angles and seeks the crests of the water sheds. This is so much the case that through the region be tween the Tuscarora Mt, and Side ling Hill, and again between the Al legheny Mountain and the Chestnut Ridge over a wide stretch of coun try we failed to discover a single water-way passing under the read bed for which a 12 ft opening was not more than ample. There is not an iron bridge on these crest lines for more than 40 miles. This simple fact speaks for itself as a meas ure of economy, and locating skill. This location is the more remark able when we consider that the main direction of the railroad strikes the ridge almost at right-angles to their axes, and speaks volumes for the patience, perseverance and profes sional skill of the engineers in charge. They seem to have considered all the parts of the difficulties to be sur mounted in their relation to one an other and settled upon a conclusion derived from the entire truth. No tine seems to have been - adopted until all the logical relations and de pendencies were completely under stood. The great advantage of this line is in the fact that it is not con fined to the narrow limits of. the valley but is a direct " across coun try lino on ground rejected by all previous surveyors, scarcely a mile ' of it having ever been occupied by their locations, some of them thought they bad satisfactory lines because they were cheap, out so extended was their length and so steep their ruling grades that had they been able to raise the money to build on them they would not only have been financial failures, but they would have left the best ground unoccupied to be taken advantage of by more skillful and enterprising engineers. The final reperta having been sub mitted by the chief engineer during the summer 6flSS3, a contract for tho construction of the whole line was made with the American Con struction Company, an organization perfected under the laws of the State of New Jersey, and the work has since been prosecuted under that contract by bub contracts with prac tical and experienced contractors, distributed at various points along the line. We regret that we cannot enter more fully into the detail of the or ganization and practice followed in the construction of the road, for w could detect on all sides, even in our hasty trip over the line, ear marks of the most careful and thor ough supervision, such as might be expected from the unusually strong combination of professional talent haying its works in charge. But both daJa and time were wanting for our task, and aa yet we could only review uncompleted structures. There are seven long tunnels con templated and two shorter ones. This, of course, ia the most import ant feature of the line as to time of completion oi the road, and in them we observed that the work was be ing pushed to its utmost. With the exception of the Negro Mountain and Quemahoning Tunnels, the two short ones, all the headings and tunnel enlargements were well un der way, aa will be seen by the ac companying table : Progress Tunnel. Finished botiiends Contractor. JLeniitb. Sept. Stb. Bluest. '.-to leet ai'J feet Mason, A Co. Kittatinny.... " S'.O " i-vansiCo. Tuscarora 4 -5 " 7t0 " Mason H k Cb fidellng Hill.. OhU'i ' 460 " O'H A Koffers. Kay's Hill Z A " :,T0 " M"M S A Green Allegheny 'MM u 100 " ). McFadden. Laurel Hill... .Moo " Tuu " Patterson A C Nearo Alt 1100 ' l " J. McOovern. tiacmahonlDic (wo " 0 P. A T. ( oliins. All or the tunnels are being work ed by compressed air drills, or prep arations are nearly completed for their introduction. In the Sideling Hilltni Allegheny mountain Tun nels the electric light i3 used, the first time we ever saw it adopted on work of this nature. It is employ ed mainly in lighting up the finish ed tunnel, the deep shadows result ing from it making oil lamps still preferable at the working face. The old-fashioned top-headiDg i3 the rule among the contractors, the bottom-heading and side enlargement adopted with such remarkable suc cess in the piercing of the Arlberg tunnel not yet haying found favor with American contractors. Very considerable timbering has been so far required, and the nature of this timber work is such as at once to attract the attention of the engineer. It is permanent, to the extent of about 7 years, and is located entire ly outside of the proposed masonry, permitting this last to be put in place when suitable material can be transported over the finished road. Brick-yards, however, are being started near several pf the tunnels, and the product will be largely used on the line of the railroad, good stone beingtexceedingly scarce over many sections. The timbering in place near the portals of the tunnels presents an exceedingly neat appear ance, and takes but a minimum of space outside the masonry. The sets are placed aboui 30 inches between centres' usually, and they are tied together longitudinally by 5x6 in. ties, wbich are jogged down 3 in. over the arch timbers. The timber, however, varies in design with the character of the ground to be held ; when very bad, the usual caps, posts and rakers are employtd. The arched masonry upon the line of the road, some of which is started, attracts attention lrora the peculiar form of the opening, which is ovoid instead of full center or segmental. Thi3 design has been adopted after careful etudy by the Associate Engineer, Mr. Wm. F. Shunk, as being not only more eco nomical of material than the usual form, but as being really stronger than with the ordinary dimensions ; the arch is struck from three centers and is so designed that flie line of pressure falls within the middle third of the arch. This is another evidence of the care and attention to detail and proper economy in construction characteristic of the present engineering management Another new departure was noticed in the ' box-drain " plans ; as men tioned, stone of suitable character is verv scarce, and covering stone proper for use in these drains so dif ficult to get that their cost is prohib itory. But here again Mr. Shunk has brought into play his strong common sense and has utilized a tou"h but thin laminated stone found in the neighborhood ; he has substituted arches and walls of this stone laid in full cement for the usu al covering stone and heavy side walls, reasoning that as the Romans used thin tile and good cement for some of their most lasting work this same construction would do good service heie. It is a hint worth re membering. In summing up the results of our trip over the South Pennsylvania Railroad, we give some general data picked up by the way. The dis tance from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh will be 213 miles. The highest ele vation attained is at the Laurel Hill Tunnel, 2,444 feet above tide. The maximum gradient is 52.8 ft going west from Harrisburg until the foot of the Allegheny range is reached at New Baltimore where the ascent is made at the rate of 96 ft per mile on a plane 10 miles in length. The Allegheny Summit having been reached, a maximum of 26 4-10 ft per mile is used over tbe undulating ground along the divide between the Allegheny mountains and Lau rel HilL The descent of the western slope of the Laurel Hill required the use of 105 ft. per mile for a distance of 6 miles ; this puts the line fairly on the crest of the connecting ridge between the Laurel Hill and the Chestnut ridge ; then to descend from the Chestnut Ridge into the watershed of the Sewickly, 105 ft per mile is again resorted to for a distance of 6 miles ; the foot of this era grade lands the line down into the Youghiogheny Valley, thence 52 8-10 is used with all undulations to the point of connection with the Pitts burgh, McKeesport & Youghiogheny Railroad at Port Perry, on the Mon ongahela river, 11 miles south from Pittsburg, and 203 miles west of Harrisburg ; the grades from Port Perry to Pittsburgh beiag only 16 ft per mile. The maximum curva ture is six degrees. . All grading and tunnels are for double track. The labor is abundant (.6,000 men are said to be employed) and is made up mainly of Italians, Hungarians and negroes. The old time Irish railroader is conspicuous by his ab sence, seemingly very few of them being at work, though the gang bosses, foremen and superintendents are generally ot the old-tashione class. The Velocity of I he Moon. Wenw faintly picture, perhaps, how it would seem, from a station near the lunar orbit, to see the moon a moving world rush by with a velocity greater than that of the cannon-ball in its Bwiftest flight; but with equal speed its shadow ac tually travels along the earth ; and now, if we return from our imagin ary station to a real one here below, we are better prepared to see why this flying shadow is such an unique spectacle ; for, small as it may be when seen in relation to tbe whole globe, it is immense to the observer whoso entire horizon id filled with it and who sees the actual volocity of one of the heavenly bodies, as it were, brought down to him. "The reader who has ever ascend ed to the Superga, at Turin will re call the magnificent view and be able to understand the good fortune of an observer (Forbes) who ouce had the opportunity to witness thence this phenomenon, and under a nearly cloudless sky. 'I perceiv ed,' he eaya 'in the southwest a black shadow like that of a storm about to break, which obscured the Alps. It was the lunar shadow corninz toward us.' An he speaks of the stupefaction' it i3 his word caused by the spectacle. 'I con fess,' he continues, 'it was the most terrifying sight I ever saw. As al ways happens in the case of sudden. Biient, unexpected movements, the spectator confounds real and relative motion. I felt almost giddy for a moment as though the massive building under me bowed ou the side of the coming eclipse.' Another witness, who had been looking at some bright clouds just before, says; 'The bright cloud 1 saw distinctly put out like a candle. The rapidity of the shadow, and the intensity, produced a feeling that something material was sweeping over the earth at a speed perfectly frightful. I involuntarily listened for the rush ing noise of a mighty vur.d." Only Four Honrs in Bed. One of the most peculiar charac ters in Connecticut is John Maher, of Spring street, Ansonia, better known there as John Who-Never-Sleeps. John is an Irishman who is making for himself a little fortune at $1 50 per day by working thirteen hours in the factory. Thither he goes every day, rain or shine, and he is never ill. Of the remaining eleven hours he devotes seven to la bor and four to sleep. This perpetual living without sleep causes a great deal of annoy ance to his neighbors and to every body within a mile of him who wish es to sleep when he ia at work. He now owns three double houses and two fine building lots. For year3 he has been clearing the lots of stone, working wholly by night He has done his blasting with giant powder by torchlight, and, at all hours ex cept midnight, can be heard the souud of his hammer and drill, lie does not put fire to his fuse before 4 o'clock A. M., when off go three or four tremendoua blasts, the shock of which sends hilf the fathers and mothers of Ansonia out of bed upou the floor like the recent slaughter of fish by the bursting of a torpedo at at Beauford Point Mr. Maher is tbin, nervous, and as supple as a Rocky Mountain goat. He is only 40 but lookn aged because of hid devotion to money getting. Be has never made out one losing speculation. A few years ago he sank a well in the rear of one of his houses through seventeen feet of sol id rock without help, and carried the stone up on his back, most of the work being done with the aid of a lantern. A week" after it had been finished it was hopelessly ruined, so that he had to fill it up. . He had, with tiie aid of his wife, started a small grocery store. A barrel of ker osene oil which was left outside and some vards distant from the well leaked, and its contents finally worked through the ledge into the water. A Church Built With One Tree. A redwood tree,cut in thi3 county furnished all the timber for the Bap tist Church in Santa Rosa, one of the largest church edifices in the county. The interior of the build ing is finished in wood, there being no plastered walls. Sixty thousand shingles were made fiom the tree af ter enough was taken for the church. Another Redwood tree, cut near Murphy's hill, in thi3 coucty. about 10 years ago, furnished shingles that nquired the constant labor of two industrious men for two years before the tree wa3 used up. Santo Rwa Republican. Some Foolish People. Allow a cough to run until it gets beyond the reach of medicine. They often say, Oh it will wear away, but in most cases it wears them away. Cou'd they be induced to try the successful medicine called Kemp's Balsam, which we sell on a positive guarantee to cure, they would imme diately see the excellent effect after taking the first dose. Price 50cts. and il.Oa Trial 6ize free at C. N. Boyd's Drug : Store. Little or no jewelry ia worn by ultra fashionable ladies. If LL. O WHOLE NO. 1735. Increased Duration of Life. The stage to which we have at present attained may be stated thus: Compared with the period of 1838 1855 (the earliest for which there are trustworthy records) the average of a man's life is now 41.9 years in stead of 39.9 and of a woman's 45.3 instead of 41.9 years, an addition of eight per cent to the female life and five per cent to the male. Of each thousand males born at the present day, forty-four more will attain the age of thirty-five than used to be the case previous to 1871. For the whole of life the estimate is that of one thousand persona (oue-balf males and one-half females) 35 sur vive at the ag9 of forty-five, 26 at fifty.five, 9 at sixty-five, 3 at seventy five, and 1 at eighty-live. To put the case another way, every thou sand persons born since 1870 will live about 2,700 years longer than before. In other words, the life of a thousand persons is equal to that of 1,070 persons previonsiy ; and 1000 births will keep up the growth of our population a3 well as 1,070 used to do. This is equivalent in result to an increase of population, and in the best form, viz, not by more births but by fewer deaths, which meana fewer maladies and better health. What ia more, nearly 70 per cent of this increase of life takes place for ia lived) in the 'useful period" namely, between the agt?s of twenty and sixty, thus of the 27, 000 additional years lived by each thousand of our population 70 per cent, or 1,890 years, will boa direct addition to the working power of the people. It is to be remembered that tbere might be a great addition to the birtha in a country with little ad dition to the national working power nay, with an actual reduction of the national wealth and prosperity seeing that, regarded aa "econom ic agents,"' children are a 6ource of expense, and so aloarethe major ity of the elderly who have passed the age of three-score. Oa the other hand, as already said, only one-quarter of the longer or additonal lift enjoyed by our people is passed in the useless period of childhood and old age, and more than one-third of it ia lived at ages when life is in its highest vigor, aad most productive of wealth and enjoyment. Corv.hiU 3fagnzine. Caring for the Foor !n Xorway. If Norway is learning from Arc er ica there are some points on which America can learn from Norway. The treatment of the poor is one. There are almost no beggars at all in the kingdom, and the self respect of the poor is so cherished that they would scarcely go aa readily into mendicancy as in countries where they are scorned or abused. The 'steamkitchen ' of Christiana ia one of the practical ways of helping pov erty. It is owned by a stock com pany, the members of which only desire to receive a moderate interest upon their capital. The circular states that'the object of the society ia "to enable the less opulent classes" (mark the thought ful wording) "to procure good and healthy food at the lowest prices." It is done by cooking enormous quantities, and hundreds and even thousands are fed by this co-operative system. A good, clean, well served dinner can be obtained here from 6 to 8 cents, and never by any chance are the poor patrons treated less respectfully than a "more opu lent" one would be at a more ex pensive eating house. Yet the en terprise "pays" l ecuniarily as well as morally. -Yew York Tribune. The first Saw MUla. The old practice of making boards was to split up the logs with wedges, and. inconvenient aa the practice was, it was no easy matter to per suade the world that the thing could he done in a better way. S;tw mills were first used in Europe in the fif teenth centt ry, but so late as lGfi5, an Engli.-h embassador, having seen a saw-mill in France thought it a novelty which deserved particular description. It ia amusing to note how the notion of labor-saving ma chines ha3 always agitated England. The first saw-mill waa established by a Dutchman, in 1663; but the public outcry against the new fan gled machine waa so great that the proprietor waa forced to decamp with more expedition than ever did Dutchman before. The evil was thus kept out of England for several years, or rather generations, but in 1768 an unlucky timber merchant, hoping that after so long a time the public would be less watchful for its interests, made a rash attempt to construct another mill. The guardians of the public welfare, however, were on the alert and a conscientious mob at or.ee collected and pulled the mill to pieces. The Altoona Tribme,in speaking of the reuomination of Gen. J. M. Campbell says: Of the candidate it is not neccesasry to speak at length. He is pretty wfli known throughout the district He is our present rep resentative in the national congress and has represented us before. He aas made a faithfttl member, having been always attentive to his duties and watchful of the interests of his constituents. He has never been given to the practice of filling the pages of the Conjreional Record with buncombe speeches, but he pos sesses excellent business qualifica tions and has been one of the most useful men in congress, useful not only to his immediate constituents but also to the country at large. Thoroughly loyal . to the funda mental principles of the republican party he has nevf rtheless always ex ercised tbe right of forming his own conclusions on public questions and by more than one his votes show that he has the courage of his con victions. Ou the question of pro tection to American industry he is unmistakably right, and as this is a district vitally interested in the preservation of the tariff, there ought to be no question of his tri umphant election. Blair county will do her whole duty toward con tributing to this desirable result The Pangs orstarratlon. uWhen I look back to my own brief experience and weary months they suffered in the Arctic regions, I think the mant of charity and their action," said George W. Brower i an ex-coxswain of the Navy, who had Uui attached to the ill-fated steam er Tallapowa. Continuing, he said: j "I was coxswain of one of the boats I of the Tallapoosa, when she was at ; tached to the Gulf Squadron. "Ono evening when returning from a boat expedition we were caught ia a ter rific squall and our boat was cap sized near a small island. My crew managed to reach the shore, but our boat drifted away in the dark ness. We lay down in the bushes aud slept that night and when mor ning broke we realized that we were on a desolate island. We explored the island and found on it only un underbrush and trees, nothing in the shape of food or water. W e had only to hope that we would soon be rescued. The gale continued with violence, and we spent another uight in our bed of bushes. "On the following morning we be gan to feel the pangs of hunger and thirst, and finding an old barrel on the beach we broke the staves to dig for water, which we found so brack ish that we could not drink it Then we set up a pole on a cliff, with a shirt of one of the men fastened on it as a3ignal of distress. Our suffer ings from thirst were indiscribable. We passed the third night and day on the island without any change, ex cepting ia one incident With a companion I started on a tour arouud the island, it being our prac tice to take turns to search for a pus sing vessel that we might sirnal. jand eoing through a clump of woods saw a cormorant, a bird of carrion considered unfit to eat I killed it with a club and we ravenously tore it in pieces and sucked its blood, which in our condition, we found refreshing. But we did not men tion the fact to our comrades upon our return to camp. The ruornitg of the fourth day broke with exces sive heat, and one oi our party was so delirious that it required two of ua to subduo him. Our tongues had so swollen that we could scarcely speak above a whisper. Our lips were also cracked anil spJit with the intense heat. "In the afternoon one of the men who had been on his tour waa ob served running toward the canap, and we could just dLstiuguish aa he came nearer that he was crying 'a boat, a boat.' Those who were able started towards theend of the island where our distress signal wa3 flying and we distinguished a boat ap proaching us from the distance. A3 it approached the shore we recog nized thw launch of the Tallapoosa. As the otlicer came on shore w beg ged hini to give us water. He gave us a couple swallows each, which mada us crave for more, but it waa denied to us. Then a fire wa i made on the beach, and in a few momenta a pot of hot coffee was ready. Of this we received only a few swallowa each, and then we were given a few pieces of pilot-bread soaked in cof fee. Then we were assisted into the boat, and taken to the ship, which we reached late at night. A few days of careful feeding and ten der nursing restored u to our for mer strencth. I have often thought how thankful I was to God for that rescue. Persons who have never had like experience can form no idea of the terrible sufferings of men in that condition ; and those per sona who so harshly criticise the survivors of the Greely Expedition if placed amid similar surroundings would no doubt adopt the same course." 31V Downing') Twin. "I want you to hurry down to my house on Pine-st, and arrest my husband," said Julia Downing aa she rushed into police headquarters yesterday afternoon. Detective Rog ers was the only man on guard at the City Hall and did not feel in clined to leave bis post, but as the police had been looking lor Down ing for sometime he determined to go. When he got to the house he found a man taking hia ease and collared him. On the way to head quarters the prisoner said: "Look here you have made a mistake. I'm not the man you want" "We will see about that," said Roger3. When the City Hall was reached Roger3 placed his man be fore Mrs. Downing and naked : "Is this the man?" Mrs. Downing gazed at the priso ner several minutes and then replied, "I'm blessed if I know." "What" roared the officer, who was mad anyhow for having the job to do, "don't you know your own hus bond. woman ?" "Well," said Mrs, Dowing he has a twin brother and I can hardly tell them apart I'm not sure whether that's Mike or Jim. If it's rny hus band, its Jim, but if it's Mike you have the wrong man." I'm Mike," said the prisoner, "and I would like to know what all this means." The officer fell exhausted into a chair, and Mrs. Downing walked as if in a dream from the office. Rogers invited Mike t have something, and has a twin story to tell to-day. Tlionaanda Say o. Mr. T. W. Atkins, Girard, Kan., writes: "I never hesitate to recom mend your Electric Bitters to my customers, they give entire satisfac tion and are rapid sellera." Electric Bitters are the purest and best med icine known and will positively cure Kidney and Liver complaints. Purifv the bowels. " No family can afford to be without them. They will save hundreds of dollars in doc- I tor s wlia every vear. A postmaster of North Carolina receives a salary of 9 cents. Many forget that the hair and I scalp seed cleansing as well as the hands and u-et txtensive use ol Ayer's Hair Vigor has proven that it is the best cleansing agent for the hair that it prevents as well as re moves dandruff, cools and soothes the scalp, and stimulates the hair to renewed growth and beauty. Over three million trees were planted ia Great Britain in 1S33. Rev. A. B. Lawrence, pastor Sec ond Presbyterian church, Winston, North Carolina, writes, he ttink it hiB duty to state, that having suffer ed several years with inflammatory rheumatism, and having tried in vain all other remedies, he was in duced to try St Jacobs Oil. the mar velous pain-cure, which, after con tinued use, cured him entirely. There is an association formed in England for the purpose of proving that Bicon was the author of the plays credited to Shakespease. r .i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers