ferms of .Publication The Somerset Herald , .noua, paid la adraiie. olherwm 3 M .ill invariably be chnreL fio fubTlitt will tx dlscontlnaed aatU all sttn(M are pa!4 up. Pustnjaatrs glcUin to notify ui when suoscnoers ao am iaa l:lr papers wlllbe heldllaM. ftrtbasabssrlptka. Satntiers iwnovtaf from OH PaHuOnUU vlUr shuuW g-mutha nama of th. asmr M will at the pnaeot oAe. Aaddret Somerset Printing Company, JOHN L SOU Lis Basins. Manager. .1 TTORNEYSA T-LA If. UtNKf F.SOHEU. aTTOBNEt ATUW and Buuni y B Fensloa Agent, Somerset, fa.. utfioe In Mainmotn Block. Jan. li t'- . SCUIX. AfrokNEY AT LA, Somerset, retina. if H. POSTLETHWAITE, ATTORNEI . al Law. Somerset, Pa. rrts. "" J" .m rwjwcuullj aoUclteJ and yanciaallv attend- d l IaW NOTICE. Aleader H. OoBroth has t reaamrd the i.ractk w " Somerset and .li'iniuK eoonUua. omo. In Mamiawlh Kuilding. teb. . '?. ValextTneThay. attokneh AIUW d-1 dealer In real aetata, Somerset, te, will tiena to all tmainees antraMed U tus ear. with iironiotnoss and nuelnjr. au. U-lj. ..v J, H. L. BAEK, ATTORNEYS AT I LiW, Somerset, Pa.. anil praciloo In Sotn ,rW. aJi'l aillolninn eooniiee. All business en trusted to litem will 0. promptly attended to. uii mTuku attukn;y atlaw, som- J erset, Pa., will proaauU) attend to all business ,utraiei tu lilta. Muut-y advanced on collection ,. Clboa In Hinmoit Building. UiAAAit Th. icoontz, attorney at La, Somerset, Pa., will aire atteu j.iu to dimuicm entrusted tu bi aire in Somerset ind Uie a ijuiulug eoanlles. IMnoa la Printing tiuUM alow. JOHN . fclMMLL, I Somerset, Pa., will ATTtKNEY AT LAW, alicna to all tuiMues en- rumnd ... Lis care In Soinenwland adjolnm ooun- tiei wnn iiruupineai and fidelity. Omoe In Mam moth Block. . .! JlHy J. U. OOL.E ATTORNEY AT LAW, m raet, Pa. ProieaMotial otuuieaa entrusted to iu ear attended uiwlia pruanptaaas and noeuty. . a. .wruTi. w. a. airrau . oiri uurilk KLPPEL, ATTUKNEV! AT Vv Law. aiilweiuesaijntrusted Uiihoircarewill tK ieedily and ,uui-tuaU attended to. tirrit a4o Mub sle opixwlt th. Uiuiinuth block. I OllX K. SCOTT, ATTORNEY AT LAW. r-umcrset Pa. tiifloe up stairs In Baer's Ul rk. All ImmueM eutruKted lu his ears attended tu witu pruiupinees auu hdellty. I AMES L. l'UGH, ATTl'KJi EY AT LAW, Somerset, Pa. Ortlt. Mammuth BliK-lt.up stairs. tuirn.-e Main rrw St. Ulle.Mue uiade.es Utw --ttled. titl examined, and all legal tml eicii attended U) with pr..uiptneas and bdetity. julyl gi nvEYixa, Wriiiog Deeds, Lc, ! . i, . i i i In 1 1 i fii'xn'i te ra'-- tiiquire at Casebeer k. Oo.'s Store. C. F. WALKER. A uk 10. rnrsiciAXS. K. M1LLEK has permanently locatafd 1 in Berlin tiwtiie prartlc ol liis pn-ailon. nmce oppusite Cuarles ivneamger a no. ai.r. 2i, '7t-tt. DK. 11. BKUKAKER tenders his professtonal .r lpr.f tu the cttUeus f Somerset and rlrin ty. iitioe in rosideiwe, one duor swi ol the Bar- OK. E. M. KIMMEL will eoattoa to praotl VleOicioe, and tenders bis pntleaalonal aervt ee to the ritliens ot Somerset and surrounding country. Ohio at lb. old plana, a lew doors east ot tbe Ulade Houae. sTIt WESI.EY CUNMMillASi I lormerlyor lvansniie, win w."" r ,7rrtireulmiMe. and tenders Ills pn.lewi.mw eervloes to trie eiusens vi ilia: r,nirr, t etiT 77 O S. GOOD, pnrsiciAN & SURGEON, SOMERSET. PA. aTOrvicB In Mammoth Block aed'T FaR. A. G. MILLER, after twelve I yai f actlv. praotloe In Mianksnne, nas oTTW , ra. mntly located at Somerset fur tb. prao ., .j win. .nl undera his nrolesii4ial ser elcos to .. dtlrens ot tiomenet and riclniiy. vittln. In bis Krug Store, opoosiw tu. House. era he can be conulid at aU times nlcl. -rwslonally mgaged. -Mnt calls promptly answered, dec. ia, n-iy. Dr. W. F. FU5DENBEBG Iite Ilo dent SnrReon, Jew York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Has locate! permanently in the Et7 of Karyto fcr th3 IZCLTIVE treatment cf all dissasss of the Eye and Ear, includ ing those of the 27ose and Throat. Office, K: .Uh r-sitre trrt. June id. DENTISTS. IvR. 'M. X)LL1NS, DENTIST, Somerset, I l. time In t'asebeer's Block, uu stairs. wlure he ean at all times be found prrwd tad 11 kifut.Mi worL auch as fllliiia. rrgulaUng. ex tracting, ke. ArtiDcial teeth ol all kinds, and of tb. best matofial.inserted. OperatkAS warrantad. BILLS, DE1TTIST. Orfiot In CoBrotk fc KelTs new building. Main Cross Street. Somerset, Pa. novll WM. COLLINS, IEXTIST, t im- above Caeleer A Frease's store. Somerset, Pa. In tli. last nlteeo rears 1 have greatly re drced the prices ol anlbcial teeth In this plan. Theeoustsnt larreasing demand fortevtk bus In da rd me ts o enlarge my lactlities that can make good sets of tawih at lower priors than yu r n them in anT other blaoe In this country. 1 am aw making a good set of teeth lor , and If there ehid lie any person among any i noaaanus ot rusfioiers In this or the adjoining avunlies that 1 nave made teeth sor that is not giring good sat l.tatit. they ean call on me at auy tun. and gat new set Ire. ot chars:., marls A. KTIFIC AL TEETH 1! J. C YUTZY. DEI. T I S T DALB CITT, jomerut Co., Pa., Artificial Teeth, tu antwi to be or th. eery bast quality, Lilr-like and laudsome, inscrtad In the beet style. Partirulaa ttieotlianM u the pre. ervatitd ot the natural teeth. Those wishing to consult m. by letter, oaa do as by end using stamp Address as abar. rsU-TX HOTELS JJILL HOUSE, mmn), scmszi, pa., JOHK BILL, PaorgiEToa. The prtrietor Is prepared te aeenoiBiodat. gvesU In the mot oiilortabi. and sattsfaevory manner. 1 he traveling pal, lie and permanent boamers fur ninhMl with the beat of hotel accommodations.- Tbe tables will eontlnae to be furnished with tb. beet the market aBuroa. Larg. and eumnMalhsss smiiilag altached. JanlJ D IAM0XD HOTEL. roi STOWX A. KAMI KL ClJSl'EIC, I'l-oprietor. This l Pilar and wet) known bout, la at all Km a lf:lrt,le stiptng place for the traveling ui'llc. TM. and Rooms Drat -class. Ooud sta ling. Hacks lea re dally lor Johnetiwa aad burners t. I lie VOL. XXVI. IST0. 21. BJXKS, ETC. Cambria Co. Bank. M. W.KEIM& Co. So. 266 Main St., JohnMown. A General Banking Business transacted. Interest Paid at 6 per cent, on Time Deposits. Loans Negotiated. Drafts Bought and Sold. Jaoy. . J.O.KUDIEL&SOXS, BANKERS, SacceMcrB to Schell & Kimmel, SOMERSET, PA. Accounts of Merchants and oth er Business Feoole Solicited. Drafts negotiable in all parts of the Coun trv for sale. Money 'oaned and a Collections made. janl2 NEW NK. (a roemi formrrl occupied ty .. A. Sannrr f Co. Somerset County Bank CHARLES J. HARRISON, faultier ami Momnjer. Willnpr-a fr liu-lness on Monday fk-tolier 1st. Collections made in all parts ol the I'nlted SUtea. Charges moderate, liutier and other checks col lected and cashed. Eastern and Western exchange always on hand. Remittances made with prunil ness Accounts solicited. Refer ly wmilsii to Hon W. H. Koonti. Atfy at Law. Hon. W J. Bcr, All y at Law tv.l. Ed. tx-ull. tl. V. 8- Hrrenne. A. J. Colhorn Alt' at Law. C. C Mursclnmn. Assiiate Judge, hoo. A. H. Cof- froth. All y at Law. W m. B. Freas,', Merchant. E. Kk-rnao. Tota anl Ciars, THOLBJ1LK AMD RETAIL, J. II. Zimmerman ilalii Cress St, v7 Souirrart, IVnaa. The best of cigars of dlRcrent brands, mannfao- tured ly bimsell, of tbe rholcrst of tobaccos. These eiirais cannot beeioelled by any In the mar ket. (Ice of the best storks of chewing tobacco ever brought to bomerseu Prices to sun me times. jan2S 3. R. FILE, (Suerceeor loC. B. C'ollorp A Co.) ii:ai.ek ix FLOUR AND FEED GROCERIES. CONFECTIONS, QUEENSWARE, WILLOW AVARE SALT, IBS, TOBACCO AND CIGARS, &Ce, &C, &C jNTewStock. OJfE FJKICE. All Go:ds Positively Sold at BOTTOM PRICES FAIR AND SQUARE xs OUIi MOTTO. Do Not FaU To Give No. 2, BAEE'S BLOCK A CALL. When doing your SHOPPING. October 17 311SCELLANE0VS, no, H1CKB LABCB K. BUCKS .ipEts fir Fire and Iile taranct?, JOHN HICKS & SON, SOMERSET.' I'A.. And Real Estate Broken. ESTABLISHED 1850. Persona who dertreto sell, boy or exchanre prop- en y. r tr rent wtll find It to their advantage u register tb desrripilun thereof, as no charge la Biale anless sold ur rented. Keal estat. bwineM generally will be pruuptly attended to. anid URLEKG, FGLLANSBEE HO, Merchant Tailors, And MuiuilMturert ol Gent's. Youth's and Boys, FasMMMe (Mini an! MliiiU NO. 42 FIFTH ATEMT. PITTSBUUUU. LATE ROOFS. ho are now building houses should know tha' Is It cheaper in th. long run to .ml on Slat. Roots than lin or shingles. Slate will last forever, and norcuulrs are reuuired Slate gives th. pur est watei for cisterns. Slate Is Ore Drool. Ev.ry good bouse should have a Slate root. Th. under signed Is located In Cumberland, where he baa s good supply ot Peachbottom & Buckingham SL AT E lor roofllng the very best artk-le. He will under take to put Slata Roots on H oases, public and prl. vsi. s,lrrs, Ac., either In lou , country at th. lowest prices, ami to warrant thtm. Call and see him or addrcs him at his Office, No. 110 Baltimore Street, Cumberland, Md. Orders may be left with NOAH CASEBEER, Agent, Somerset, Pa. W. H. Shiplbt. Apr! b, irk. WITH gUUUUi3, XiiJilll UlUlll IX UUj 285 Bait. St., Baltimore, M. D., Would resppctfullv ask the merchants of Somer set ouunty, to send him their orders for AND FANCY GOODS asarlng them satisfaction both as regards price ami quality of gouls. The merchants visiting Baltimore are urgently requested to call and see m be lore muking purchaats. HIGHEST Af ARBS! Centennial Exhibition. J. REYNOLDS & SON, NORTHWEST CORN EE THIRTEENTH AND FILBERT STS. PHILADELPHIA, MANUFACTURES OF PATENTED Wroughi-lron Air Tight Heaters WITH SHAKING AND CLINKER-GRIND ING GRATES FOR BURNING ANTHRA CITE OR BITUMINOUS COAL. CESTESSIAL WROUGHT-IRON HEATERS, FOR BITUMINOUS COAL. KEYSTOXE WROUGHT-IRON HEATERS, Cooking Ranges, Low-Down Crates, Etc. Descriptive Circulars sent fro. to any address. EXAMINE BEFORE SELECTING. April 2&. Cook & Beerits' FAMILY GROCER! Flour and Feed W. would most restaMtrally announce to our friends and the public generally. In the town and vicinity of Somerset, that w. ha v. opened war newaior. on MAIN CliOSS STREE1 And in addition to o full line of th. beat Cnrecttnerle -Motlena, Tobftceoa, Cigar, W. will endeavor, at all times, to enpply mr cus- omcrs wttn m. BEST QUALiTY OP FAMILY FLOUR, CORS-MEAL, OA TS, SHELLED COUN, OATS A CORN CHOP, Bit AN, 31 1 DDL IN Ob And everything partalnlng to the Fevd Depart mental lbs .. LOWEST POSSIBLE PSICE FOll CASH ONLY. Also, a m iyotd ftoas a Uuua; StoMwara, V oodenwara, atnukas - - ' -al kinds, aad STATIONERY Which w wl aaj as ebaap a th. Please call, aaaailr. our goods of an b. satisfied from yomr owb jwlpBaat. Doat forget waera w. stay UAI9 CKOS3 8trat.BuBiBMil,PB. E. H. IARDML Rani AFAfr, TTrilf SOMERSET, ..PA.. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1878. ANNUAL MESSAGE or THE GOYEENOH OF PENNSYLVANIA, JANUARY 2, 1878. Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Repretentattves ; Many lmporuot aad grave ques Uuom will occupy you during tbe cumin aetojioo. Among these, tbe Buaoces of tbe State, being of Gmt importance, will claim a correspond iair abare of your tim and attention. F-trtunaiely. tber are in such excel lent condition, and tbe credit of tbe State so biirb. that you will probably bare little difficulty ia re-adjusting tbe funds io meet the ordioarr and extraordinary expenses of tbe year, without imposing additional taxa tiuo. Total receipts and diburament8 durioat the fiscal year endiig Xor ber 30, 1877. Receipts 1 a, .0s DUbursmentt aia,Ki,&.i Balano. In Treasury Nov. 30, 1877, t'A lS'oM 87 fubllc dent unprovided tar Dec.L 1877 1S,SW,,38 Tbe new five per cnL eight mil lion loan, for the redemption ot tne maturing loans of tbe Common wealt b. authorized by act of Marco 20' Is7. was dulr advertized, and the bids thereof were duly opened oo tbe Crai dv T Mv. 1877. Tbe bid an .ve par amuuuied to over $17 000.000, and tbe .premium real z-d u $261,922 33. Of the riht millions of ouuda redeemed with tbe proceeds if ibis loan, over five millions ere eix per ceut. curreucy intereut bear ing boudu, and tbe . remtiuder were five per cent gold i 'iter oat bdaring bonds. Tbis redaction of tbe rate of interest will save tbe Siate more than fifty thousand d dlers aQQi'ally. Taking tbe receipts of tbe fi.-cul year ending November 30, 1877. aad deducting therefrom expenses of current year and unpaid appropria tion f last year there will be tuna a deficit ot $933,925 50. Tbe depressed condition of tbe industrial interests forbid tbe attempt to meet tbe deficit by increased tax ation. I, therefore, recommeud that one-third of tbe revenue derived from the corporation tax be diverted from the Sinking Food and paid into the General Fund for tbe present year. There will still be ample funds, after payment of interest, to more than comply with the conPtitQiional pro visions f"r tbe redemption of tbe debt. The one-third ro dir rt- ed will, in parr, par tbe ex traordinary expenses of tbe July riots, wbicn are estimated to be about $500,000. Tbe balance of the deficit can only be avoided by tbe closest scrutiny of all appropriation bills, and tbe strie'est economy in all De partments of the Government. Surplus ia Sinking r uud fr 1878, $439.743 50; available for pavment ot public debt during 1873, $1 327, 200 56. t'NEQVAL VALUATION Uuder the several acts conxtiiuting tbe Board of Revenue Commission-e-s, tbe law is very defective for the purposes of obtaining a fair and equal assessment of tbe subjects of State taxation, and for ascertaining and determining tbe value thereof. When the Board was organized in 1844, it couisted ot one mem"r from each judicial districogetberwi b the Ft te Treasurer, and tie p.iucipul subject of taxation was real estate. The Board now contius of tbe A ad: tor General, S ate Treasurer and Secre tary of tbe Common wealth, and per sonal property only is liable to taxa tion. Tbe law, as applicable to real estate, is not adapted to tbe valua tion and equalization of personal property. Tbe reports for tbe commissioners of the several counties of tbe returns made by tbe assessors are eo unequal in the valuation of tbe property, and some of tbem so deficient in returning full asseeflmeDts of tbe various kinds of property taxable for State par- poses, tbat great injustice is done to tbe Commonwealth, as well as to ruauy count iei, in consequence of tbis want of uniformity in valuations and completeness of returns. Tbe power of tbe Board of Revenue Com missioners to remedy tbis by going behind tbe returns to make cor rections from information derived from other sources has been question ed, and a bill was introduced into tbe Legislature at tbe last session to remedy tbis defect, and to define tbe powers and extend tbe duties of the Board of Revenue Commissioners But tbe bill was do, passed. Tbe tri ennial meeting of tbe Board will take place ibis inter, and without auch legislation, under the construction of the presen'. law, which is contended for. tbe du'ies of the Board will be only clerical, and the meeting a use. lees ceremony. If revenue is to be derived trora tbat source, tt era should be adequate power enough to ascer tain the amount, and to eiif rce its collection, and tbis law should be passed without delay, in order that tbe Revenue Commissioners, at the approaching meeting, may avail themselves of its provisions. Many appropriations are axked for annually for the benefit of the classes of persons who par these tax. es, but to pay appropriations it icnec- essary to bare revenue. Tbe account. mg and financial officers of the Com monweahh shi'u'd b pr vidd with tbe means of ascertaining and collect ing the amount of taxes which tbe laws have imposed. To declare by law that a subject or article of prop, erty, is liable to taxation, will pro duce no revenue unless the means of assessing and collecting tbe taxes are provided. SAVINGS BARKS AND TB.V8T COM PA N- 18. An examination of the many fail ures of these institutions daring the year demonstrates that to allow tbem to be need as btoksof disooqnt Is f: tal to the Intaiests of the de dob I torn even where tne business ia oonducted wl -h ordinary integrity and prudence. Hanks of discount end exchange, al though entitled savings bank, mast be conducted as a business and can not be managed as a trust Money must be loaned to basiness men opon basiness paper subject to tbe fjuctnationB of trade, and invested n epeculatioDi, which, while perfect- ESTARLlCHBD,,18ar ly legitimate fr a rusiness man, ia vol ve risks which ought, not to be taken by a trustee. The law should separate banks of discount for buni uexs parp ses from - institutions de signed tor tbe safe keeping earuings of tbe peopln, aid oi toe ought not to allow them to be deceived by the name ef savings baaks, applied to what are, ia reality, simply banks of discount and exchange. A movement is on foot to organize a national po-oal eaviogajond. Sucb a srbeme is a suhject for,, serious re flection. It involves not -alone ques tions of a pecuniary nature, but those of a prufund politic tl tharar er. It invests the . Federal jrovernmeot with a vant tiuj , and t lo'oes it with corresponding influence. . It woa'd add intense interest tooor elections, and give the dominant pa-ty tbe weight, of tbe conaervaium of a great vested interest. Oo tbe other band, it offers tbe people, tbe securest depository for their saving, aud ex ciws an abiding interest In tbe per petuity aod integrity ot the National government. Upon tbe whole, it seem to me to promise enduring ben efiis to the people individually, and to tbe natiou, aud 10 on . worthy supp rt and cooporatio-i. ' of rending tne aiecu.-Mion and organ iZiiiou ot eucn a svt em, which muet, of necetfitv, reqaire time, most earnest lv reuew iuy;, rerommen- dations of las' year, aud lorve upon you the pissage of a law, embody lug tne pfini lp es ana : provisions therein set tori b. Tne S ate ctnnot be held sttioless of the-te failures lis charters, iucorporatiog as 'sav ings banks" wbat were really banks of diecount, bad much tcdo with tbe respect aud faitb tbe people felt for them. It is, therefore, a duty to draw at once, tbe liue between a bus iness an 1 a trust, and to prevent hereafter tbe enormous losses aecru iog to tbe forthiest of our people by deceitful and dangerous coin bin lion. As a fui ther safeguard, I believe it would be a most wise provision to create a liauK examiner or u mmi sioner, wub duties analogous to those of tbe Insurance Commission er. who would periodically maxe an examination of tbe banks of tbe Commonwealth, aad report tbeir condition. : liis pywers and compen ration toigbt be aenoea ana niea, as those of tbe Insurance Commissioner now are . .. EDUCATION'. Tbe views of the Superintendent of Public Iustraction correspond s nearly with my own tbat I need do little more than call attention to bis report. He repeats tbe recommends lion for a revi-i u f tbe school laws and. I trust, yu will see tbe advisa bility of biiogi g the original enact- meuts, bUpplemeats, usages, ioi2 .de ctsious into oue concise and logical code. Tbe m oev appropnated- to pay the indebieduesi of tbe.. formal Schools was - apportioned among those institutions ia accordance with tbe iuientioo of tbe Legislator. Al though relieving tbem from tempore r eui'i-trressmeat, it will be uecessa ry to provide for tbeir future welfare. Normal Sob, mis are ao essential part of a public rchool system, and tbe Legislature will, no doubt, fee tbat those of Pennsylvania are not re stricied in there sphere of usefulness by tbe want of funds. I fully recom mead tbe trial of tbe cautious svs- tim of compulsory education of va gram ehildren, proposed by the Su iienntendeat, aud have elsewhere given mv views of the subject of industrial schools and workshops, which be fortifies by bis argumeots add facts and examples, proving the feasibility of tbe scheme Tbe report of tbe Superintendent ot tbe Soldiers' Orphans presents a satisfactory record of tbe progress and health of tbe wards of tbe State, aad conveys tbe gratif ying in telligence of tbe welfare of those woo have completed the conrse, "nearly all of whom are at work many engaged in the simpler kind ot band labor, but many at trade". on farms, or in tbe professions " Un aeribe laws, tbe Orphans' Schools close fiaally oo tbe first day of Jane, 1879, and it will be necessary for the present Legislature, if it desires to continue tbe bounty of tbe State, to provide for tbe tvo thousand euil drea between tbe ages ot four aod nixteea years, who will then be left ia them Vt tbe three plans Bet forth by tbe Superintendent, it seems to me that either tbe first, to repeal tbe act, closing the schools in 1879. and allow tbe system to run on to its natural end, or tbe third, discharging all children over a certain age, or for whom suitable homes can be found, aod providing for the rest ic the homes for friendless childreo wbice exist in various parts of the State, will close ibis noble uodertak iog. as it was buguu, ia charity Tbe pride aad pleasure tbey have felt for tbe work, tbe satisfaction tbey have derived from its happy results, leave oo doubt that the adoption of either coarse will meet the warm approba tion of tbe people -f Pennsylvania. THE JILT RJOT3. In tbe early part of July, I ar ranged for a trip across tbe conti nent. At that time tbe peace of tbe Commonwealth seeired assured and all classes of society appeared to have accepted with resignation the results of tbe continued depression in business. As a precautionary meas ure, however, in consultation with tbe Adjutant General, I gave him in structions, in case of any unexpected outbreak requiring prompt and vig orous action, to order troops to tbe aesistancs of tbe local authorities, in accordance with the policy hereto fore adopted. Oa the Jsix eenth, I left tor . the West. Soorily af.er, trouble arose between tbe Baltimore and Ohio railroad and its employes, which culminated in tbe strikers seiz ing the road at Martinsburg, West Virginia. Oa tbe nineteenth of J,a iy, tbe train bands of the Pennsylva nia railroad at Pittsburgh also struck, aod stopped tbe passage of all freight trains east aod west All attempts of the municipal and county authorities to restore traffic failed, and by the evening of the twentieth, a large number of trains, containing thousands of bead of lire stocfc and merchandise belonging 'o citizens of the State and other States were massed : at Pittsburgh. Every ef- for to move freight by the company.. witn tne workmen tbat remained m service, was resisted by intimidation, and where persisted in, by violence. Ia tbe meantime, early on the morn iog of tbe twentieth, upon the call of -the Sheriff, tbe Adlatant General or- ;dered tbe Sixth division of tbe Na tional Goard, General Pearson com mending, to assist in restoring or der. Of this division, aggregating one thousand ond eigbty-two officers and men, but six hundred were got ten together by the evening - of tbe twentieth.- ! ; Being informed br General Pear son of tbe gravity of tbe situation, and that be feared that tbe majority of bis troops were in sympathy with the strikers, the Adjutant General or dered the First division of the Na tional Guard, General Brinton com manding, to report to General Pear son at Pittsburgh.- Tbe Adjutant General had previously set out for Pittsburgh, receiving, on the way, my telegram" to proceed there and keep supervision of all troops . order ed out. He arrived at one o'clock on the morning of the twenty-first All traffic was then stopoed on tbe Baltimore and Ohio, the Fort Wayne, tbe Allegheny Valley aod the Penn sylvania railroad. The force in the city was then about three hundred and fifty men the Eighteenth regi ment being at Torre os During tbe morning, jost r-efore daybreak, tbe Fourteenth and Nineteenth regi ments and Brock's ' hattery, under Brigadier General Brown, were morad to take position npon the bill overlooking the the tracks at Twen ty eighth street, with instructions to keep tbe hill side free of people, in anticipation of tbe attempt contemp luting in tbe afternoon, npon tbe ar rival of the Philadelphia troops, to clear tbe tracks and open the road This movement was successfully er eca ed and the hill occupied, at a time when there were few or no peo pie upon it, owing to a failure to car ry out tbe infractions, tbe hill sile was covered by noon with an exci ted crowd of men. among whom were many women and children. Tbe Pittsburgh troops were surrounded by tbe crowd, and, in fact, became a part ot it. The main bodv of tbe strikers were assembled on tbe tracks in tbe neighborhood of Twenty eight street. The surrounding streets and tracks, ar-eve and below, were also covered with people At two o'clock, in tbe afternoon of tbe twen tv first, tbe first detachment of tbe Philadelphia division, six hundred aad fifty strong, coder command of General Brinton, bringing with it two Getting gnns and a large quan tity of ammunition, arrived at the Union Depot. After a short delay, to feed tbe soldiers, the movement to open tbe mad began. Proceeded by tbe Sheriff aod accompanied by the guns, the troops were marched down the tracks between the linesof freight cars. For some distance the ' road was comparatively clear, bnt, as tbe column approached Twenty-eighth street it met a constantly increasing crowd through which it forced its way into tbe dense mass at tbe foot of tbe bill. Tbe lines pressed . tbe crowd slowly and with difficulty back on either side of the road, un til tbat portion of the tracks enclos ed by the hollow square so formed was clear. Ao attempt of tho Sheriff to arrest s me ringleaders who bad been prom inent in previous outrages raised a commotion, during which stones were thrown by the mob. Tbe troops were ordered to charge bayo nets and in doing so came into imme diate contact with the pressing and excited mass.- Several pistol shots were fired and a volley of stones thrown frem tbe crowd, from those on tbe hill-side as well as others, and violent attempts were made to wrest the muskets from tbe soldiers. Hav ing been wedged in among a surging body of rioters, growing more aod more aggressive, many of whom were trviog to crowd tbe soldiers from tbe ranks or wrench tbe mus kets from tbeir bands, and as a few mome its more would have broken the ranks aod involvea tbe individual soldiers in inextricable aod hopeless confusion amoog tbeir foes, tbe sol diers fired. Under tbe circumstan ces, tbey did right to resist the at tempt to disarm or overpower tbem. A soldier is stationed or commanded to move as a soldier, and has tbe un doubted right in the execution of bis order, to prevent himself from being forced from tbe ranks or disarmed. As soon as relieved from the pres sure, tbe commands ot tne officers at ouce stopped the firing. From prox imity to the crowd, tbe firing was wild and high, as well as disultory, aud took effect, principally, upon tbe bill. Panic-stricken, tbe crowd up on the bill-side and adjacent streets and immediately BurronudiDg tbe soldiers, scattered in all directions, carrying with it many of tbe Pitts burgh soldiers, aod the main bod v of rioters fell back along the track In the melee, fifteen or twenty soldiers were wounded, the majority with pistol balls, and a number of tbe mob killed aod wounded. At tbis time tbe troops were un doubted masters of tbe situation, and a determined advance in all direc tions and cooperation of civil author ities, would have driven away every veotigeoftbe mob, aod by activity and care might have prevented it from re-aseexbling. As it was. though ODskillfully executed, the movement produced the result ' in tended; but, though offered a guard fer eacb one, the railway officials were noable to move their traioa from tbe impossibility of andiog en gineers and crews who were willing to man tbem at that time.' The troops held their ground an hoar or two dariar which time the rioters gradually returned and collected about in squads. About si o'clock I the troopa were withdrawn aod placed wholly , within the round housaa and adjacent buildings. . No pickets or guards were left outside. t rom this time on, the troops were kept on tbe defensive, which gave the mob a great and fatal advantage. The mob, rapidly increasing in ntya bera and boldness after dark, broke law various gun-stores and armories, arming themselves, and a desultory firing was kept np daring tbe night, without elect auon the soldiers, aad with coaaiderabie loss to the rioters. t aiae o'clock Geoeral Pearson and staff left the round-bouse, and Gener al Briuton remained in command of all the troops at .that point. About miduigbt tbey resorted to tbe expe dient of burning the soldiers oat by ettiog firo to tbe freight errs stand ing along tbe track below tbe round houses. The Adjutant General with a few civilians and officers in citizens' clothing and eighteen dis mounted cavalry, without carbines, and daring a part of the night a fe members of the Fourteenth regiment, guarded tbe provisions and amaoi lion remained all night at tbe Union Depot hotel, about a mile from tbe sceue of action. Tbe Adjutant Gen eral, as soon as be was informed of the poeiiion of the troops, labored zealously during tbe night to bring up tbe other detachment of tbe i irst division, en route from Philadelphia, and tbe Eighteenth regiment station ed at Torrens. Owing to a want of ammunition in these commands and the delay in transporting it by wagons and the inability of toe rail road company to furnish engineers to more the trains, making it necessary to march some miles, tbe movement could oot be executed ia time. At eight o'clock oa tbe morning of tbe twenty-second, General Briotoo left tbe roond-bouse, and, marching rapidly across the Sharpsbarg bridge over the Allegheny river and passed into the open conntry. Oa this te treat, four soldiers were killed and a number wounded. The Adjatant General bad directed him to affect a juuction with Colonel Guthrie at Torrens, about five miles from Pitts burgh, aud await tbe arrival of bis other detachments, preparatory to other movements. Acting upon his own discretion, the general disregard ed tbis instruction. Tbe stoppage of all lines running into tbe city prevented tbe arrival of tbe other divisions ordered by tbe Adjutant General to tbe scene of tbe disturbances, aod he was, conse quently, left ia Pittsburgh without troops Finding that General Briu ton would not effect tbe juncture de signed, in tbe afternoon ot Sunday, tbe Adjutant General arranged for provisions to bis command, and di rected him to concentrate his division at Altoona, as the most available point to seen re supplies lor a large boJy ot troops la tbe meantime, disturbances having .broken oat in various railroad centres throughout the State and country, and all tbe railroads being obstructed, and fear ing a failure of telegraphic communi cations, tbe Adjutant General decided tu return to Ilarrtsbarg, to prepare aud concentrate tbe troops tor marching campaign. General Sig- tried was directed !to move to ilar- riaburg, to take charge of the State arseoal, wbicb was reported in dan ger. Having made these disposi tions, General Latta, late on Suuday evening left Pittsburgh and returned to Harrisbarg. Tbe Legislature aod people are familiar with.- the scenes of arson, pillage and destruction of property enacted by the mob daring Saturday night and bnnday morn iug. irom the time tbe trouble com menced on tbe Baltimore and Ohio railroad, I was constantly advised of tbe situation, and gave general orders to mdei the emergency. In conse quence of telegrams from General Latta, received at Ogden, at six o'clock, Saturday evening, I deter mined to return to the State oa tbe next train, leaviog at tea o'clock Sunday morning. At Salt Lake City, at nine o'clock r. x., I received a dispatch from Secretary Quay, aod immediately made arrangements to return in a special car. aod started at twelve o'clock, miduigbt, Satur day. Tne next morning, at Cresson, 1 ordered out the entire force of the State, and called upon the President for regular troops. Traveling con tinuously day and night, tbe latter portion of the journey by sufferance ot the suikers, I arrived at Pitts burgh on tbe twenty-fourth. I fouod the city in a stats of great anxiety, and all the railroads obstructed, and in some instance, run by the strikers. I wm immediately waited upon by a deputation ot processional men, merchants, editors and prominent citizens of all classes, who atked my stay to organize the militia aod take charge of the situation. Ibey par ticularly urged tbe necessity of im mediately opening railroad communi cations, represenung most earnestly tbat, unless tbis were done very shortly, the supply of coal and pro visions would be exhausted : tbe gas-works, mills, and factories must be stopped; a large number of idle people thrown upon tbe streets: tbe water supply could not be pumped, and the want of provisions among tbe poor and unemployed, would in evitably participate bread riots. Af ter a bbort consultation, I left on Wednesday morning, and arrived that evening at Philadelphia, ac companied by the Adjutant General, who joined me at Harrisburg. At Philadelphia, I met Generals Hancock and Schofield, of tbe United States Army, who informed me that tbey had been direeted by tbe Presi dent to support tLe State authorities As the necessity of opening commu nications, for the reasons given, was very urgent, it was determined tbat I should proceed at once to Pitts burgh with tbe State troops, aod that Geoeral Hancock would forward the regulars as fast as they could tx, made available. In accordance with this prog ra me, on tbe twenty-sixib, with the few troops of tbe First division remaining ia the city, I set out again for Pitts burgh, and gathering tbe detach ments and divisions scattered along tbe road, arrived there at daylight on the twenty-eigbtn. The force taken was apparently large, but as it was probable that, in opening tbe roads, it would be necessary to goard many depots aod several miles of track, it was thought best to be pre pared for any contingency. So fear ful were tbe citiijns, even at tbat time, of a renewal of the outrages, that in spite of tbe necessity for open ing traffic which they had formerly pleaded, they now, through the com mittee ot poblio safety, tugged me to influence the Pennsylvania Railroad Company not to attempt to move freight trains. 1 replied while it was not my doty to ran railroads, if the Pennsylvania Railroad Company desired to parens their business, and ... 0 , LL O WHOLE NO. 1383 were prepared to do it, I would sup port them with tbe whole power of tLe State. On Morday morning tbe railroad companies and their em ployes resumed business ; tbe freight trains were started, and communi cations opened with all parts of tbe country. In the meantime, the disturbances spread rapidly over the State. In Philadelphia, by the courage and activity of tbe mayor aod police, supported by tbe great body of tbe citizens and the press, and in Harris burg, through tbe cool ness aod promptness of the sheriff of Dauphin oaoty aad the mayor of tbe city aod the public spiiit of tbe citizens, who responded to tbe call of tbe authori ties, the disturbances ere speedily quelled before my arrival. Ia Head ing, tbe costly ailroad bridge over tbe Schuylkill was burned on the er. ening of tbe twenty-second and freight trains stopped. Tbe Sheriff of Berks county, proving unequal to the situation. General Keeder, with two hucdred and fifteen muskets, of the Fourth infantryNational Gaard of Pennsylvania, was seat there by General Bolton, aud in a severe street fight, after dark, oa the twea-ty-tbtrd, ia wbicb many of bis com mand were injured more or less sev erely with stones, aod eleven of tbe crowd killed aad above fifty wound ed, the rioters were dispersed. These troops having been subsequently de moralized by tbe action of the Six teenth regiment, were withdrawn ; but tbe next day, tbe twenty-fourth, upon the arrival of a detachment of L mted btates troops, under Colonel liamiitoo, tbe road was re opened. Ia tbe middle coal field of Luzerne c maty, tbe miners, uuder the pre vailing excitement, struck on . the tweo'y-fitth of July, aod all trains were stopped upon tbe roads ruooiog through tbat regioa. At Scraatoa, on ibe first of August, a large body of men, endeavoriog to drive tbe workmen from tbe railroad shops and factories, were courageously dispers ed by the mayor aad bis poiuse, ia wbicb conflict that officer was severe ly injured and three of tbe rioters killed and a number wounded. As the trouble was serious and threaten ing, and rapidly growing beyoud control of the mayor, and bis small force, brave and determined as tbey were, I directed the I irt Division, under General Brinton, to hactea the proposed movement to that regioa tollowiog immediately with other forces; and on the third of August, tbe railroads were once more put in to regular operation. A body of troops, regular aod militia, were stationed there nntil tbe early part of November, when all fears of any disturbauces being removed, tbey were withdrawn. Slight outbreaks which had occurred in various other places bad been easily suppressed either by the local authorities or tbe presence of tbe Lotted States or State troops: and before tbe middle of August all tbe railroads through oat the State were running on ached ule time, aod by the early part of November, all manifestations of lawlessness had disappeared. For full details of the military movements here outlined, I refer you to tbe re port of the Adjutant General and ac cempanying documents. When called upon, the Federal government promptly responded, aad throughout tbe troubles tbe State was greatly iodebted for tbe cooperv tion aad moral support of tbe regular troops. Upon tbeir final withdrawal I addressed letters to tbe President and General Hancock, (which will be found in the Appendix,) acknowl edging our sense of the services of the army, and tbe increased respect and appreciation of oar people for its admirable conduct in tbe State. CAUSES AXD RESULTS. Thus ended tbe great railway strike of 1877 in Pennsylvania, which resulted in violence, murder, and arson; which caused tbe deaths of over fifty civillians and five soldiers, aod tbe woaodiog aad maiming of a honored or more, aod tbe destruction of millions of dollars worth of proper ty. V bile it is true tbat tbe work ingmen, who began it, contemplated no sucb terrible results, it can oot be denied tbat tbe maooer in which tbey proceeded to enforce tbeir de mauds, by stopping inland commerce and seizing tbe property of corpora tions and individuals and driving citizens from tbeir usual occupations, in debance of law, made tbe breach through which tbe lawless elements of society poared to plunder and des troy. By thus inconsiderately invit ing the cooperation of tbe criminal classes, labor did itself a great and grievous injary, aod it will be long before it can remove tbe suspicion and distro9, with which tbe people ill view us strikes aod organiza tions. Into tbe merits of tbe contest. it is not necessary to go; whatever be the rights of labor, the duty of the Executive is imperative. In the MeseagD of 137R, were set forth tbe principles which govern the present administration in the discharge of this onerous duty, to wbicb recent events bave given additional empha sis: "No disobedience of regularity constituted authority will be permit ted, whether oo the part of individu als, corporaiioos, or combinations of mn. No sense ot wrong, however grievous, will or shall justify violeoce in seeking indemnity therefor. Tbe rights of property must be respected, and no iateriereoce with its legiti mate use will be tolerated. Every man must be allowed to sell his own labor at his own price, and his work ing must not be interrupted, either by force or intimidation. For griev ances, fancied or real, redress mast be sought in tbe manner the law provides, and no one must attempt to override its process. If citizens will recognize tbese principles as binding opon tbeir consciences atd actions, there can he no necessity for Execu tive interference to preserve the peace, and it must be understood, once for aU, that aoy violation of private rights, or resistance to public officers when ia the discbarge of their duty, will be summarily dealt with, and if tbe civil authorities and the power of the county ' cannot main tain tbe supremacy of the law, then tbe whole power of the Common wealth shall be employed, if necessa- rr, to compel respect for anthority, . -equel to the rioU, the grand As a i .' -county, entered tort ft'iTon, aad sammlrflj ' upon an invest ,dance of the Gov demanded tbe atte. t military oft ernor and the civil an -mrtment to cers of the Executive De, -, think testify before it. As I did n -niil it tbe time or place for aa impa. . investigation of the troubles, or can cede the right of tbe conns to com mand the attendance of a caordiaa: branch of the government,' I refused to attend, and directed the civil aad military officials to refuse also. The . question was submitted - to- the - Su preme Court, aod iu decision accord- -ing with the views of the Department, ; all appearance of eooflict between tbe judiciary and executive was happily . averted. ' Should the Legislators deem it expedient to investigate tbe subject, all information in tbe posses sion of tbe Governor or the Depart ment, if any, ia - addition,. tato at coataioed in the Adjatant General's z report, aad tbe appendix hereto, will be promptly given. Passing from tbeso secondary mat ters, to tbe broader and deeper lessons ' of the strike, while there ia much to -cause solicitude, there is much, also, to awaken confidence in tbe fiaal sol- , a tion of tbe problem. While capital ' held labor in ignorance and boodage, - - strikes were rare. Their frequent occurrence is a proof tba; labor is growing, more and more, to an equal ity in strength aod importance to ' capital. Intelligence has spread itself amoog tbe laboring classes, tbey bare learned to read aad write, aad to interchange tbeir views, and form ed associations, according tc- their oew lights, tor their protection and advancement. , And if in this, as ia ,. many other cases, "A little learning . is a dangerous thing," it is yet better ' tbaa no learning at all, and is the progressive step to higher intelli gence. On tbe other hand, under tbe , ; influence of civilization, wealth became . more and more diffused, corporations grew np to collect the large aad small amounts of unemployed capital, to . build tbe gigantic works and conduct . tbe great industries required by mod ern society. Tbese two results are the inevitable cooseqaeoces of i nereis- -. ed intelligence and civilization. These great corporaiioos, from tbe character of tbe enterprises, . are of necessity, ia most cases, monopilies. As sacb, the people have a right to demand that while tbe profits may ' accrue to private individuals, their mauugemeui shall rise above me'ely selfish aims, aod cousult also the public utility and welfare. It has come to pass that in the Couflict betweea capital aad labor, tbe former w aioioBt w Doiiy represented oy corpora ious aud tbe latter by various orgatiiza I os. 1 be attitude of tbe people towards tbese two forces during the great strike baa also deep significance. In the general sympathy for tbe stri kers, dulled only by tbeir unlawful acta, the worltuien bave assurance tbat ia all right and lawful efforts to better tbeir condition tbey' will have the aid of oearly all classes of '. their? fellow-citizens. And ia the-prejudices against tbe corporations, those -who coatrol them may realize that the possession of great wealth and ' the control of great enterprises Im- poses obligations to tbe public which ' tney cauuot afford to ignore. . In . these facts, we can discern the two roads tbat may eventually lead to the Goal settlement of the contest the diffusion of higher ' education among the workingmen, aud the con viciioo, on the part of capital, that it has now to deal with an equal competitor, whose claims and rights, together with its own, mast be deci ded and adjusted by arbitration. In tbis contest, the primary duty of tbe -State is to keep tbe peace, and sec ondarily, so far as laws will avail, to hasten the coosuroauon of ibe re- , salt. INDUSTRIAL AND SCIENTIFIC TSAIX- It is impossible to read the indus trial history of the country without being struck with tbe decline of tbe system ot apprenticeship, tbe deca dence of skilled labor, and the rapid increase of common day laborers.' Many causes may be assigned for these results. Tbe invention of labor-saving machines, the minute sub division of labor,' and tbe intense competition among producers and manufacturers have, no doubt ser ved to lessen tbe pride of tbe work man in his work, aod made it impos sible, in many iustances, to give any lime or opponun.ties to mere learn ers. To counteract these influences, the assistant e ot the State . will be required. But another cause, ari sing trum tbe misdirected efforts of ibe workingmen themselves, cad on ly be removed with their coopera tion. Trades unions aod various la bor organizations, which profess to elevate the condition of laboring classes, have, in reality, materially contributed to impoverish aod de grade tbem. Millions of dollars bave been collected from working men aud squandered in profitless strikes, during which other millions bave been lost through enforced idle ness, without even a transcient ef fect upon ibe natural fluctuations of wages. Tbe independence of indi viduals has been sacrificed to the tyranny of a class and tbey have gradually learned to depend tor pros perity upon other agencies than their own personal industry and thrift. The regular education of skilled mechanics has been restricted by the same agencies, forciog the growing generations into the undis tinguished mass of day laborers, the low eet aud poorest paid of aay class, aod reducing the nation to tbe ne cessity of supplying its skilled labor froru foreign countries. . Tbese liiiugs tirike at the welfare of labor aad tbe prosperity ef the State. Even from - the workingmen s standpoint, no good . that it seems possible to derive Irom such means can compensate for their deteriorating effects upon tbe condi tion and morale of tbe laboring clas ses. Tbe growth of tbe individual is bwearted,bis substance wasted and his children deprived of their rights. The doors of bis own trade and all . others are closed against tbem by his fellow-workmen, and they must enter another calling, or become the mere drudges of society. As long as the trades are closed, as at pres ent, we must ever complain of uver- crowded professions aud commercial pursuits, or a lack or skilled mechan ics and an exeess of common labor- , era. " "T.. - . - Ia tbis question, not only the workingmen, but the State, also, is deeply concerned. "The great war fare of tbe nineteenth century is in dustrial warfare; tbe struggle be ta een great nations for supremacy in various industries , and for control of tbe various markets." ' Several for eign nations and a few of the States bave foreseen the conflict and began to educate their people. Pennsylva nia ia unrivaled resources, bat unless she prepares for their competition," she mast content herself with the production of raw mauriels. aad her people become th hewers .of . (f oniinuedon Totaih Pigk. '. :
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers