ferms of .Publication
The Somerset Herald
, .noua, paid la adraiie. olherwm 3 M
.ill invariably be chnreL
fio fubTlitt will tx dlscontlnaed aatU all
sttn(M are pa!4 up. Pustnjaatrs glcUin
to notify ui when suoscnoers ao am iaa
l:lr papers wlllbe heldllaM. ftrtbasabssrlptka.
Satntiers iwnovtaf from OH PaHuOnUU
vlUr shuuW g-mutha nama of th. asmr M
will at the pnaeot oAe. Aaddret
Somerset Printing Company,
JOHN L SOU Lis
Basins. Manager.
.1 TTORNEYSA T-LA If.
UtNKf F.SOHEU. aTTOBNEt ATUW
and Buuni y B Fensloa Agent, Somerset,
fa.. utfioe In Mainmotn Block. Jan. li t'-
. SCUIX.
AfrokNEY AT LA,
Somerset, retina.
if H. POSTLETHWAITE, ATTORNEI
. al Law. Somerset, Pa. rrts. "" J"
.m rwjwcuullj aoUclteJ and yanciaallv attend-
d l
IaW NOTICE. Aleader H. OoBroth has
t reaamrd the i.ractk w " Somerset and
.li'iniuK eoonUua. omo. In Mamiawlh Kuilding.
teb. . '?.
ValextTneThay. attokneh AIUW
d-1 dealer In real aetata, Somerset, te, will
tiena to all tmainees antraMed U tus ear. with
iironiotnoss and nuelnjr. au. U-lj.
..v J, H. L. BAEK, ATTORNEYS AT
I LiW, Somerset, Pa.. anil praciloo In Sotn
,rW. aJi'l aillolninn eooniiee. All business en
trusted to litem will 0. promptly attended to.
uii mTuku attukn;y atlaw, som-
J erset, Pa., will proaauU) attend to all business
,utraiei tu lilta. Muut-y advanced on collection
,. Clboa In Hinmoit Building.
UiAAAit Th. icoontz, attorney at
La, Somerset, Pa., will aire atteu
j.iu to dimuicm entrusted tu bi aire in Somerset
ind Uie a ijuiulug eoanlles. IMnoa la Printing
tiuUM alow.
JOHN . fclMMLL, I
Somerset, Pa., will
ATTtKNEY AT LAW,
alicna to all tuiMues en-
rumnd ... Lis care In Soinenwland adjolnm ooun-
tiei wnn iiruupineai and fidelity. Omoe In Mam
moth Block. . .! JlHy
J.
U. OOL.E
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
m raet, Pa. ProieaMotial otuuieaa entrusted
to iu ear attended uiwlia pruanptaaas and noeuty.
. a. .wruTi. w. a. airrau
. oiri uurilk KLPPEL, ATTUKNEV! AT
Vv Law. aiilweiuesaijntrusted Uiihoircarewill
tK ieedily and ,uui-tuaU attended to.
tirrit a4o Mub sle opixwlt th.
Uiuiinuth block.
I OllX K. SCOTT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
r-umcrset Pa. tiifloe up stairs In Baer's Ul rk.
All ImmueM eutruKted lu his ears attended tu witu
pruiupinees auu hdellty.
I AMES L. l'UGH,
ATTl'KJi EY AT LAW,
Somerset, Pa. Ortlt. Mammuth BliK-lt.up stairs.
tuirn.-e Main rrw St. Ulle.Mue uiade.es
Utw --ttled. titl examined, and all legal tml
eicii attended U) with pr..uiptneas and bdetity.
julyl
gi nvEYixa,
Wriiiog Deeds, Lc,
! . i, . i i i In 1 1 i fii'xn'i te ra'--
tiiquire at Casebeer k. Oo.'s Store.
C. F. WALKER.
A uk 10.
rnrsiciAXS.
K. M1LLEK has permanently locatafd
1 in Berlin tiwtiie prartlc ol liis pn-ailon.
nmce oppusite Cuarles ivneamger a no.
ai.r. 2i, '7t-tt.
DK. 11. BKUKAKER tenders his professtonal
.r lpr.f tu the cttUeus f Somerset and rlrin
ty. iitioe in rosideiwe, one duor swi ol the Bar-
OK. E. M. KIMMEL will eoattoa to praotl
VleOicioe, and tenders bis pntleaalonal aervt
ee to the ritliens ot Somerset and surrounding
country. Ohio at lb. old plana, a lew doors east
ot tbe Ulade Houae.
sTIt WESI.EY CUNMMillASi
I lormerlyor lvansniie, win w."" r
,7rrtireulmiMe. and tenders Ills pn.lewi.mw
eervloes to trie eiusens vi
ilia: r,nirr,
t etiT 77
O S. GOOD,
pnrsiciAN & SURGEON,
SOMERSET. PA.
aTOrvicB In Mammoth Block aed'T
FaR. A. G. MILLER, after twelve
I yai f actlv. praotloe In Mianksnne, nas
oTTW , ra. mntly located at Somerset fur tb. prao
., .j win. .nl undera his nrolesii4ial ser
elcos to .. dtlrens ot tiomenet and riclniiy.
vittln. In bis Krug Store, opoosiw tu.
House. era he can be conulid at aU times
nlcl. -rwslonally mgaged.
-Mnt calls promptly answered,
dec. ia, n-iy.
Dr. W. F. FU5DENBEBG
Iite Ilo dent SnrReon,
Jew York Eye and Ear Infirmary,
Has locate! permanently in the
Et7 of Karyto
fcr th3 IZCLTIVE treatment cf all
dissasss of the Eye and Ear, includ
ing those of the 27ose and Throat.
Office, K: .Uh r-sitre trrt.
June id.
DENTISTS.
IvR. 'M. X)LL1NS, DENTIST, Somerset,
I l. time In t'asebeer's Block, uu stairs.
wlure he ean at all times be found prrwd tad
11 kifut.Mi worL auch as fllliiia. rrgulaUng. ex
tracting, ke. ArtiDcial teeth ol all kinds, and of
tb. best matofial.inserted. OperatkAS warrantad.
BILLS,
DE1TTIST.
Orfiot In CoBrotk fc KelTs new building.
Main Cross Street.
Somerset, Pa.
novll
WM. COLLINS,
IEXTIST,
t im- above Caeleer A Frease's store. Somerset,
Pa. In tli. last nlteeo rears 1 have greatly re
drced the prices ol anlbcial teeth In this plan.
Theeoustsnt larreasing demand fortevtk bus In
da rd me ts o enlarge my lactlities that can
make good sets of tawih at lower priors than yu
r n them in anT other blaoe In this country.
1 am aw making a good set of teeth lor , and If
there ehid lie any person among any i noaaanus
ot rusfioiers In this or the adjoining avunlies that
1 nave made teeth sor that is not giring good sat
l.tatit. they ean call on me at auy tun. and gat
new set Ire. ot chars:.,
marls
A.
KTIFIC AL TEETH 1!
J. C YUTZY.
DEI. T I S T
DALB CITT, jomerut Co., Pa.,
Artificial Teeth, tu antwi to be or th. eery bast
quality, Lilr-like and laudsome, inscrtad In the
beet style. Partirulaa ttieotlianM u the pre.
ervatitd ot the natural teeth. Those wishing to
consult m. by letter, oaa do as by end using stamp
Address as abar. rsU-TX
HOTELS
JJILL HOUSE,
mmn), scmszi, pa.,
JOHK BILL, PaorgiEToa.
The prtrietor Is prepared te aeenoiBiodat. gvesU
In the mot oiilortabi. and sattsfaevory manner.
1 he traveling pal, lie and permanent boamers fur
ninhMl with the beat of hotel accommodations.-
Tbe tables will eontlnae to be furnished with tb.
beet the market aBuroa. Larg. and eumnMalhsss
smiiilag altached. JanlJ
D
IAM0XD HOTEL.
roi STOWX A.
KAMI KL ClJSl'EIC, I'l-oprietor.
This l Pilar and wet) known bout, la at all
Km a lf:lrt,le stiptng place for the traveling
ui'llc. TM. and Rooms Drat -class. Ooud sta
ling. Hacks lea re dally lor Johnetiwa aad
burners t.
I lie
VOL. XXVI. IST0. 21.
BJXKS, ETC.
Cambria Co. Bank.
M. W.KEIM& Co.
So. 266 Main St., JohnMown.
A General Banking Business
transacted.
Interest Paid at 6 per cent, on
Time Deposits.
Loans Negotiated.
Drafts Bought and Sold.
Jaoy. .
J.O.KUDIEL&SOXS,
BANKERS,
SacceMcrB to
Schell & Kimmel,
SOMERSET, PA.
Accounts of Merchants and oth
er Business Feoole Solicited. Drafts
negotiable in all parts of the Coun
trv for sale. Money 'oaned and
a
Collections made.
janl2
NEW NK.
(a roemi formrrl occupied ty .. A. Sannrr f Co.
Somerset County Bank
CHARLES J. HARRISON,
faultier ami Momnjer.
Willnpr-a fr liu-lness on Monday fk-tolier 1st.
Collections made in all parts ol the I'nlted SUtea.
Charges moderate, liutier and other checks col
lected and cashed. Eastern and Western exchange
always on hand. Remittances made with prunil
ness Accounts solicited.
Refer ly wmilsii to
Hon W. H. Koonti. Atfy at Law. Hon. W
J. Bcr, All y at Law tv.l. Ed. tx-ull. tl. V. 8-
Hrrenne. A. J. Colhorn Alt' at Law. C. C
Mursclnmn. Assiiate Judge, hoo. A. H. Cof-
froth. All y at Law. W m. B. Freas,', Merchant.
E. Kk-rnao.
Tota anl Ciars,
THOLBJ1LK AMD RETAIL,
J. II. Zimmerman
ilalii Cress St,
v7 Souirrart,
IVnaa.
The best of cigars of dlRcrent brands, mannfao-
tured ly bimsell, of tbe rholcrst of tobaccos.
These eiirais cannot beeioelled by any In the mar
ket. (Ice of the best storks of chewing tobacco
ever brought to bomerseu Prices to sun me
times. jan2S
3. R. FILE,
(Suerceeor loC. B. C'ollorp A Co.)
ii:ai.ek ix
FLOUR AND FEED
GROCERIES.
CONFECTIONS,
QUEENSWARE,
WILLOW AVARE
SALT,
IBS,
TOBACCO
AND CIGARS,
&Ce, &C, &C
jNTewStock.
OJfE FJKICE.
All Go:ds Positively
Sold at
BOTTOM PRICES
FAIR AND SQUARE
xs
OUIi MOTTO.
Do Not FaU To Give
No.
2,
BAEE'S BLOCK A CALL.
When doing your
SHOPPING.
October 17
311SCELLANE0VS,
no, H1CKB
LABCB K. BUCKS
.ipEts fir Fire and Iile taranct?,
JOHN HICKS & SON,
SOMERSET.' I'A..
And Real Estate Broken.
ESTABLISHED 1850.
Persona who dertreto sell, boy or exchanre prop-
en y. r tr rent wtll find It to their advantage u
register tb desrripilun thereof, as no charge la
Biale anless sold ur rented. Keal estat. bwineM
generally will be pruuptly attended to.
anid
URLEKG, FGLLANSBEE HO,
Merchant Tailors,
And MuiuilMturert ol
Gent's. Youth's and Boys,
FasMMMe (Mini an!
MliiiU
NO. 42 FIFTH ATEMT.
PITTSBUUUU.
LATE ROOFS.
ho are now building houses should know
tha' Is It cheaper in th. long run to .ml on Slat.
Roots than lin or shingles. Slate will last forever,
and norcuulrs are reuuired Slate gives th. pur
est watei for cisterns. Slate Is Ore Drool. Ev.ry
good bouse should have a Slate root. Th. under
signed Is located In Cumberland, where he baa s
good supply ot
Peachbottom & Buckingham
SL AT E
lor roofllng the very best artk-le. He will under
take to put Slata Roots on H oases, public and prl.
vsi. s,lrrs, Ac., either In lou , country at th.
lowest prices, ami to warrant thtm. Call and see
him or addrcs him at his Office, No. 110 Baltimore
Street, Cumberland, Md. Orders may be left with
NOAH CASEBEER,
Agent, Somerset, Pa.
W. H. Shiplbt.
Apr! b, irk.
WITH
gUUUUi3, XiiJilll UlUlll IX UUj
285 Bait. St., Baltimore, M. D.,
Would resppctfullv ask the merchants of Somer
set ouunty, to send him their orders for
AND
FANCY GOODS
asarlng them satisfaction both as regards price
ami quality of gouls. The merchants visiting
Baltimore are urgently requested to call and see
m be lore muking purchaats.
HIGHEST Af ARBS!
Centennial
Exhibition.
J. REYNOLDS & SON,
NORTHWEST CORN EE
THIRTEENTH AND FILBERT STS.
PHILADELPHIA,
MANUFACTURES OF PATENTED
Wroughi-lron Air Tight Heaters
WITH SHAKING AND CLINKER-GRIND
ING GRATES FOR BURNING ANTHRA
CITE OR BITUMINOUS COAL.
CESTESSIAL
WROUGHT-IRON HEATERS,
FOR BITUMINOUS COAL.
KEYSTOXE
WROUGHT-IRON HEATERS,
Cooking Ranges, Low-Down
Crates, Etc.
Descriptive Circulars sent fro. to any address.
EXAMINE BEFORE SELECTING.
April 2&.
Cook & Beerits'
FAMILY GROCER!
Flour and Feed
W. would most restaMtrally announce to our
friends and the public generally. In the town and
vicinity of Somerset, that w. ha v. opened war
newaior. on
MAIN CliOSS STREE1
And in addition to o full line of th. beat
Cnrecttnerle -Motlena,
Tobftceoa, Cigar,
W. will endeavor, at all times, to enpply mr cus-
omcrs wttn m.
BEST QUALiTY OP
FAMILY FLOUR,
CORS-MEAL,
OA TS, SHELLED COUN,
OATS A CORN CHOP,
Bit AN, 31 1 DDL IN Ob
And everything partalnlng to the Fevd Depart
mental lbs ..
LOWEST POSSIBLE PSICE
FOll
CASH ONLY.
Also, a m iyotd ftoas a
Uuua; StoMwara, V oodenwara, atnukas
- - ' -al kinds, aad
STATIONERY
Which w wl aaj as ebaap a th.
Please call, aaaailr. our goods of an
b. satisfied from yomr owb jwlpBaat.
Doat forget waera w. stay
UAI9 CKOS3 8trat.BuBiBMil,PB.
E. H. IARDML
Rani AFAfr, TTrilf
SOMERSET, ..PA.. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1878.
ANNUAL MESSAGE
or THE
GOYEENOH OF PENNSYLVANIA,
JANUARY 2, 1878.
Gentlemen of the Senate and House
of Repretentattves ;
Many lmporuot aad grave ques
Uuom will occupy you during tbe
cumin aetojioo. Among these, tbe
Buaoces of tbe State, being of Gmt
importance, will claim a correspond
iair abare of your tim and attention.
F-trtunaiely. tber are in such excel
lent condition, and tbe credit of tbe
State so biirb. that you will probably
bare little difficulty ia re-adjusting
tbe funds io meet the ordioarr and
extraordinary expenses of tbe year,
without imposing additional taxa
tiuo.
Total receipts and diburament8
durioat the fiscal year endiig Xor
ber 30, 1877.
Receipts 1 a, .0s
DUbursmentt aia,Ki,&.i
Balano. In Treasury Nov. 30, 1877, t'A lS'oM 87
fubllc dent unprovided tar Dec.L
1877 1S,SW,,38
Tbe new five per cnL eight mil
lion loan, for the redemption ot tne
maturing loans of tbe Common wealt b.
authorized by act of Marco 20' Is7.
was dulr advertized, and the bids
thereof were duly opened oo tbe Crai
dv T Mv. 1877. Tbe bid an .ve
par amuuuied to over $17 000.000,
and tbe .premium real z-d u
$261,922 33. Of the riht millions
of ouuda redeemed with tbe proceeds
if ibis loan, over five millions ere
eix per ceut. curreucy intereut bear
ing boudu, and tbe . remtiuder were
five per cent gold i 'iter oat bdaring
bonds. Tbis redaction of tbe rate
of interest will save tbe Siate more
than fifty thousand d dlers aQQi'ally.
Taking tbe receipts of tbe fi.-cul
year ending November 30, 1877. aad
deducting therefrom expenses of
current year and unpaid appropria
tion f last year there will be tuna
a deficit ot $933,925 50.
Tbe depressed condition of tbe
industrial interests forbid tbe attempt
to meet tbe deficit by increased tax
ation. I, therefore, recommeud that
one-third of tbe revenue derived from
the corporation tax be diverted from
the Sinking Food and paid into the
General Fund for tbe present year.
There will still be ample funds, after
payment of interest, to more than
comply with the conPtitQiional pro
visions f"r tbe redemption of tbe
debt. The one-third ro dir rt-
ed will, in parr, par tbe ex
traordinary expenses of tbe July
riots, wbicn are estimated to be about
$500,000. Tbe balance of the deficit
can only be avoided by tbe closest
scrutiny of all appropriation bills,
and tbe strie'est economy in all De
partments of the Government.
Surplus ia Sinking r uud fr 1878,
$439.743 50; available for pavment
ot public debt during 1873, $1 327,
200 56.
t'NEQVAL VALUATION
Uuder the several acts conxtiiuting
tbe Board of Revenue Commission-e-s,
tbe law is very defective for the
purposes of obtaining a fair and equal
assessment of tbe subjects of State
taxation, and for ascertaining and
determining tbe value thereof. When
the Board was organized in 1844,
it couisted ot one mem"r from each
judicial districogetberwi b the Ft te
Treasurer, and tie p.iucipul subject
of taxation was real estate. The
Board now contius of tbe A ad: tor
General, S ate Treasurer and Secre
tary of tbe Common wealth, and per
sonal property only is liable to taxa
tion. Tbe law, as applicable to real
estate, is not adapted to tbe valua
tion and equalization of personal
property.
Tbe reports for tbe commissioners
of the several counties of tbe returns
made by tbe assessors are eo unequal
in the valuation of tbe property, and
some of tbem so deficient in returning
full asseeflmeDts of tbe various kinds
of property taxable for State par-
poses, tbat great injustice is done to
tbe Commonwealth, as well as to
ruauy count iei, in consequence of
tbis want of uniformity in valuations
and completeness of returns. Tbe
power of tbe Board of Revenue Com
missioners to remedy tbis by going
behind tbe returns to make cor
rections from information derived
from other sources has been question
ed, and a bill was introduced into
tbe Legislature at tbe last session to
remedy tbis defect, and to define tbe
powers and extend tbe duties of the
Board of Revenue Commissioners
But tbe bill was do, passed. Tbe tri
ennial meeting of tbe Board will take
place ibis inter, and without auch
legislation, under the construction of
the presen'. law, which is contended
for. tbe du'ies of the Board will be
only clerical, and the meeting a use.
lees ceremony. If revenue is to be
derived trora tbat source, tt era should
be adequate power enough to ascer
tain the amount, and to eiif rce its
collection, and tbis law should be
passed without delay, in order that
tbe Revenue Commissioners, at the
approaching meeting, may avail
themselves of its provisions.
Many appropriations are axked
for annually for the benefit of the
classes of persons who par these tax.
es, but to pay appropriations it icnec-
essary to bare revenue. Tbe account.
mg and financial officers of the Com
monweahh shi'u'd b pr vidd with
tbe means of ascertaining and collect
ing the amount of taxes which tbe
laws have imposed. To declare by
law that a subject or article of prop,
erty, is liable to taxation, will pro
duce no revenue unless the means of
assessing and collecting tbe taxes
are provided.
SAVINGS BARKS AND TB.V8T COM PA N-
18.
An examination of the many fail
ures of these institutions daring the
year demonstrates that to allow tbem
to be need as btoksof disooqnt Is f:
tal to the Intaiests of the de dob I torn
even where tne business ia oonducted
wl -h ordinary integrity and prudence.
Hanks of discount end exchange, al
though entitled savings bank, mast
be conducted as a business and can
not be managed as a trust Money
must be loaned to basiness men
opon basiness paper subject to tbe
fjuctnationB of trade, and invested
n epeculatioDi, which, while perfect-
ESTARLlCHBD,,18ar
ly legitimate fr a rusiness man, ia
vol ve risks which ought, not to be
taken by a trustee. The law should
separate banks of discount for buni
uexs parp ses from - institutions de
signed tor tbe safe keeping
earuings of tbe peopln, aid
oi toe
ought
not to allow them to be deceived by
the name ef savings baaks, applied
to what are, ia reality, simply banks
of discount and exchange.
A movement is on foot to organize
a national po-oal eaviogajond. Sucb
a srbeme is a suhject for,, serious re
flection. It involves not -alone ques
tions of a pecuniary nature, but
those of a prufund politic tl tharar er.
It invests the . Federal jrovernmeot
with a vant tiuj , and t lo'oes it with
corresponding influence. . It woa'd
add intense interest tooor elections,
and give the dominant pa-ty tbe
weight, of tbe conaervaium of a
great vested interest. Oo tbe other
band, it offers tbe people, tbe securest
depository for their saving, aud ex
ciws an abiding interest In tbe per
petuity aod integrity ot the National
government. Upon tbe whole, it
seem to me to promise enduring ben
efiis to the people individually, and
to tbe natiou, aud 10 on . worthy
supp rt and cooporatio-i. '
of
rending tne aiecu.-Mion and organ
iZiiiou ot eucn a svt em, which
muet, of necetfitv, reqaire time,
most earnest lv reuew iuy;, rerommen-
dations of las' year, aud lorve upon
you the pissage of a law, embody
lug tne pfini lp es ana : provisions
therein set tori b. Tne S ate ctnnot
be held sttioless of the-te failures
lis charters, iucorporatiog as 'sav
ings banks" wbat were really banks
of diecount, bad much tcdo with tbe
respect aud faitb tbe people felt for
them. It is, therefore, a duty to
draw at once, tbe liue between a bus
iness an 1 a trust, and to prevent
hereafter tbe enormous losses aecru
iog to tbe forthiest of our people by
deceitful and dangerous coin bin
lion.
As a fui ther safeguard, I believe
it would be a most wise provision to
create a liauK examiner or u mmi
sioner, wub duties analogous to
those of tbe Insurance Commission
er. who would periodically maxe an
examination of tbe banks of tbe
Commonwealth, aad report tbeir
condition. : liis pywers and compen
ration toigbt be aenoea ana niea, as
those of tbe Insurance Commissioner
now are . ..
EDUCATION'.
Tbe views of the Superintendent
of Public Iustraction correspond s
nearly with my own tbat I need do
little more than call attention to bis
report. He repeats tbe recommends
lion for a revi-i u f tbe school laws
and. I trust, yu will see tbe advisa
bility of biiogi g the original enact-
meuts, bUpplemeats, usages, ioi2 .de
ctsious into oue concise and logical
code. Tbe m oev appropnated- to
pay the indebieduesi of tbe.. formal
Schools was - apportioned among
those institutions ia accordance with
tbe iuientioo of tbe Legislator. Al
though relieving tbem from tempore
r eui'i-trressmeat, it will be uecessa
ry to provide for tbeir future welfare.
Normal Sob, mis are ao essential part
of a public rchool system, and tbe
Legislature will, no doubt, fee tbat
those of Pennsylvania are not re
stricied in there sphere of usefulness
by tbe want of funds. I fully recom
mead tbe trial of tbe cautious svs-
tim of compulsory education of va
gram ehildren, proposed by the Su
iienntendeat, aud have elsewhere
given mv views of the subject of
industrial schools and workshops,
which be fortifies by bis argumeots
add facts and examples, proving the
feasibility of tbe scheme
Tbe report of tbe Superintendent
ot tbe Soldiers' Orphans presents a
satisfactory record of tbe progress
and health of tbe wards of tbe
State, aad conveys tbe gratif ying in
telligence of tbe welfare of those
woo have completed the conrse,
"nearly all of whom are at work
many engaged in the simpler kind
ot band labor, but many at trade".
on farms, or in tbe professions " Un
aeribe laws, tbe Orphans' Schools
close fiaally oo tbe first day of Jane,
1879, and it will be necessary for the
present Legislature, if it desires to
continue tbe bounty of tbe State, to
provide for tbe tvo thousand euil
drea between tbe ages ot four aod
nixteea years, who will then be left
ia them Vt tbe three plans Bet forth
by tbe Superintendent, it seems to
me that either tbe first, to repeal tbe
act, closing the schools in 1879. and
allow tbe system to run on to its
natural end, or tbe third, discharging
all children over a certain age, or
for whom suitable homes can be
found, aod providing for the rest ic
the homes for friendless childreo
wbice exist in various parts of the
State, will close ibis noble uodertak
iog. as it was buguu, ia charity Tbe
pride aad pleasure tbey have felt for
tbe work, tbe satisfaction tbey have
derived from its happy results, leave
oo doubt that the adoption of either
coarse will meet the warm approba
tion of tbe people -f Pennsylvania.
THE JILT RJOT3.
In tbe early part of July, I ar
ranged for a trip across tbe conti
nent. At that time tbe peace of tbe
Commonwealth seeired assured and
all classes of society appeared to
have accepted with resignation the
results of tbe continued depression in
business. As a precautionary meas
ure, however, in consultation with
tbe Adjutant General, I gave him in
structions, in case of any unexpected
outbreak requiring prompt and vig
orous action, to order troops to tbe
aesistancs of tbe local authorities, in
accordance with the policy hereto
fore adopted. Oa the Jsix eenth, I
left tor . the West. Soorily af.er,
trouble arose between tbe Baltimore
and Ohio railroad and its employes,
which culminated in tbe strikers seiz
ing the road at Martinsburg, West
Virginia. Oa tbe nineteenth of J,a
iy, tbe train bands of the Pennsylva
nia railroad at Pittsburgh also
struck, aod stopped tbe passage of
all freight trains east aod west All
attempts of the municipal and county
authorities to restore traffic failed,
and by the evening of the twentieth,
a large number of trains, containing
thousands of bead of lire stocfc and
merchandise belonging 'o citizens of
the State and other States were
massed : at Pittsburgh. Every ef-
for to move freight by the company..
witn tne workmen tbat remained m
service, was resisted by intimidation,
and where persisted in, by violence.
Ia tbe meantime, early on the morn
iog of tbe twentieth, upon the call of
-the Sheriff, tbe Adlatant General or-
;dered tbe Sixth division of tbe Na
tional Goard, General Pearson com
mending, to assist in restoring or
der. Of this division, aggregating
one thousand ond eigbty-two officers
and men, but six hundred were got
ten together by the evening - of tbe
twentieth.- ! ;
Being informed br General Pear
son of tbe gravity of tbe situation,
and that be feared that tbe majority
of bis troops were in sympathy with
the strikers, the Adjutant General or
dered the First division of the Na
tional Guard, General Brinton com
manding, to report to General Pear
son at Pittsburgh.- Tbe Adjutant
General had previously set out for
Pittsburgh, receiving, on the way,
my telegram" to proceed there and
keep supervision of all troops . order
ed out. He arrived at one o'clock
on the morning of the twenty-first
All traffic was then stopoed on tbe
Baltimore and Ohio, the Fort Wayne,
tbe Allegheny Valley aod the Penn
sylvania railroad. The force in the
city was then about three hundred
and fifty men the Eighteenth regi
ment being at Torre os During tbe
morning, jost r-efore daybreak, tbe
Fourteenth and Nineteenth regi
ments and Brock's ' hattery, under
Brigadier General Brown, were
morad to take position npon the bill
overlooking the the tracks at Twen
ty eighth street, with instructions to
keep tbe hill side free of people, in
anticipation of tbe attempt contemp
luting in tbe afternoon, npon tbe ar
rival of the Philadelphia troops, to
clear tbe tracks and open the road
This movement was successfully er
eca ed and the hill occupied, at a
time when there were few or no peo
pie upon it, owing to a failure to car
ry out tbe infractions, tbe hill sile
was covered by noon with an exci
ted crowd of men. among whom were
many women and children. Tbe
Pittsburgh troops were surrounded
by tbe crowd, and, in fact, became a
part ot it. The main bodv of tbe
strikers were assembled on tbe tracks
in tbe neighborhood of Twenty
eight street. The surrounding streets
and tracks, ar-eve and below, were
also covered with people At two
o'clock, in tbe afternoon of tbe twen
tv first, tbe first detachment of tbe
Philadelphia division, six hundred
aad fifty strong, coder command of
General Brinton, bringing with it
two Getting gnns and a large quan
tity of ammunition, arrived at the
Union Depot. After a short delay,
to feed tbe soldiers, the movement to
open tbe mad began. Proceeded by
tbe Sheriff aod accompanied by the
guns, the troops were marched down
the tracks between the linesof freight
cars. For some distance the ' road
was comparatively clear, bnt, as tbe
column approached Twenty-eighth
street it met a constantly increasing
crowd through which it forced its
way into tbe dense mass at tbe foot
of tbe bill. Tbe lines pressed . tbe
crowd slowly and with difficulty
back on either side of the road, un
til tbat portion of the tracks enclos
ed by the hollow square so formed
was clear.
Ao attempt of tho Sheriff to arrest
s me ringleaders who bad been prom
inent in previous outrages raised a
commotion, during which stones
were thrown by the mob. Tbe
troops were ordered to charge bayo
nets and in doing so came into imme
diate contact with the pressing and
excited mass.- Several pistol shots
were fired and a volley of stones
thrown frem tbe crowd, from those
on tbe hill-side as well as others, and
violent attempts were made to wrest
the muskets from tbe soldiers. Hav
ing been wedged in among a surging
body of rioters, growing more aod
more aggressive, many of whom
were trviog to crowd tbe soldiers
from tbe ranks or wrench tbe mus
kets from tbeir bands, and as a few
mome its more would have broken
the ranks aod involvea tbe individual
soldiers in inextricable aod hopeless
confusion amoog tbeir foes, tbe sol
diers fired. Under tbe circumstan
ces, tbey did right to resist the at
tempt to disarm or overpower tbem.
A soldier is stationed or commanded
to move as a soldier, and has tbe un
doubted right in the execution of bis
order, to prevent himself from being
forced from tbe ranks or disarmed.
As soon as relieved from the pres
sure, tbe commands ot tne officers at
ouce stopped the firing. From prox
imity to the crowd, tbe firing was
wild and high, as well as disultory,
aud took effect, principally, upon tbe
bill. Panic-stricken, tbe crowd up
on the bill-side and adjacent streets
and immediately BurronudiDg tbe
soldiers, scattered in all directions,
carrying with it many of tbe Pitts
burgh soldiers, aod the main bod v of
rioters fell back along the track In
the melee, fifteen or twenty soldiers
were wounded, the majority with
pistol balls, and a number of tbe mob
killed aod wounded.
At tbis time tbe troops were un
doubted masters of tbe situation, and
a determined advance in all direc
tions and cooperation of civil author
ities, would have driven away every
veotigeoftbe mob, aod by activity
and care might have prevented it
from re-aseexbling. As it was.
though ODskillfully executed, the
movement produced the result ' in
tended; but, though offered a guard
fer eacb one, the railway officials
were noable to move their traioa
from tbe impossibility of andiog en
gineers and crews who were willing
to man tbem at that time.' The
troops held their ground an hoar or
two dariar which time the rioters
gradually returned and collected
about in squads. About si o'clock I
the troopa were withdrawn aod
placed wholly , within the round
housaa and adjacent buildings. . No
pickets or guards were left outside.
t rom this time on, the troops were
kept on tbe defensive, which gave
the mob a great and fatal advantage.
The mob, rapidly increasing in ntya
bera and boldness after dark, broke
law various gun-stores and armories,
arming themselves, and a desultory
firing was kept np daring tbe night,
without elect auon the soldiers, aad
with coaaiderabie loss to the rioters.
t aiae o'clock Geoeral Pearson and
staff left the round-bouse, and Gener
al Briuton remained in command of
all the troops at .that point. About
miduigbt tbey resorted to tbe expe
dient of burning the soldiers oat by
ettiog firo to tbe freight errs stand
ing along tbe track below tbe round
houses. The Adjutant General
with a few civilians and officers in
citizens' clothing and eighteen dis
mounted cavalry, without carbines,
and daring a part of the night a fe
members of the Fourteenth regiment,
guarded tbe provisions and amaoi
lion remained all night at tbe Union
Depot hotel, about a mile from tbe
sceue of action. Tbe Adjutant Gen
eral, as soon as be was informed of
the poeiiion of the troops, labored
zealously during tbe night to bring
up tbe other detachment of tbe i irst
division, en route from Philadelphia,
and tbe Eighteenth regiment station
ed at Torrens. Owing to a want of
ammunition in these commands and
the delay in transporting it by
wagons and the inability of toe rail
road company to furnish engineers to
more the trains, making it necessary
to march some miles, tbe movement
could oot be executed ia time.
At eight o'clock oa tbe morning of
tbe twenty-second, General Briotoo
left tbe roond-bouse, and, marching
rapidly across the Sharpsbarg bridge
over the Allegheny river and passed
into the open conntry. Oa this te
treat, four soldiers were killed and a
number wounded. The Adjatant
General bad directed him to affect a
juuction with Colonel Guthrie at
Torrens, about five miles from Pitts
burgh, aud await tbe arrival of bis
other detachments, preparatory to
other movements. Acting upon his
own discretion, the general disregard
ed tbis instruction.
Tbe stoppage of all lines running
into tbe city prevented tbe arrival of
tbe other divisions ordered by tbe
Adjutant General to tbe scene of tbe
disturbances, aod he was, conse
quently, left ia Pittsburgh without
troops Finding that General Briu
ton would not effect tbe juncture de
signed, in tbe afternoon ot Sunday,
tbe Adjutant General arranged for
provisions to bis command, and di
rected him to concentrate his division
at Altoona, as the most available
point to seen re supplies lor a large
boJy ot troops la tbe meantime,
disturbances having .broken oat in
various railroad centres throughout
the State and country, and all tbe
railroads being obstructed, and fear
ing a failure of telegraphic communi
cations, tbe Adjutant General decided
tu return to Ilarrtsbarg, to prepare
aud concentrate tbe troops tor
marching campaign. General Sig-
tried was directed !to move to ilar-
riaburg, to take charge of the State
arseoal, wbicb was reported in dan
ger. Having made these disposi
tions, General Latta, late on Suuday
evening left Pittsburgh and returned
to Harrisbarg. Tbe Legislature aod
people are familiar with.- the scenes
of arson, pillage and destruction of
property enacted by the mob daring
Saturday night and bnnday morn
iug.
irom the time tbe trouble com
menced on tbe Baltimore and Ohio
railroad, I was constantly advised of
tbe situation, and gave general orders
to mdei the emergency. In conse
quence of telegrams from General
Latta, received at Ogden, at six
o'clock, Saturday evening, I deter
mined to return to the State oa tbe
next train, leaviog at tea o'clock
Sunday morning. At Salt Lake
City, at nine o'clock r. x., I received
a dispatch from Secretary Quay, aod
immediately made arrangements to
return in a special car. aod started
at twelve o'clock, miduigbt, Satur
day. Tne next morning, at Cresson,
1 ordered out the entire force of the
State, and called upon the President
for regular troops. Traveling con
tinuously day and night, tbe latter
portion of the journey by sufferance
ot the suikers, I arrived at Pitts
burgh on tbe twenty-fourth. I fouod
the city in a stats of great anxiety,
and all the railroads obstructed, and
in some instance, run by the strikers.
I wm immediately waited upon by
a deputation ot processional men,
merchants, editors and prominent
citizens of all classes, who atked my
stay to organize the militia aod take
charge of the situation. Ibey par
ticularly urged tbe necessity of im
mediately opening railroad communi
cations, represenung most earnestly
tbat, unless tbis were done very
shortly, the supply of coal and pro
visions would be exhausted : tbe
gas-works, mills, and factories must
be stopped; a large number of idle
people thrown upon tbe streets: tbe
water supply could not be pumped,
and the want of provisions among
tbe poor and unemployed, would in
evitably participate bread riots. Af
ter a bbort consultation, I left on
Wednesday morning, and arrived
that evening at Philadelphia, ac
companied by the Adjutant General,
who joined me at Harrisburg.
At Philadelphia, I met Generals
Hancock and Schofield, of tbe United
States Army, who informed me that
tbey had been direeted by tbe Presi
dent to support tLe State authorities
As the necessity of opening commu
nications, for the reasons given, was
very urgent, it was determined tbat
I should proceed at once to Pitts
burgh with tbe State troops, aod
that Geoeral Hancock would forward
the regulars as fast as they could tx,
made available.
In accordance with this prog ra me,
on tbe twenty-sixib, with the few
troops of tbe First division remaining
ia the city, I set out again for Pitts
burgh, and gathering tbe detach
ments and divisions scattered along
tbe road, arrived there at daylight
on the twenty-eigbtn. The force
taken was apparently large, but as
it was probable that, in opening tbe
roads, it would be necessary to goard
many depots aod several miles of
track, it was thought best to be pre
pared for any contingency. So fear
ful were tbe citiijns, even at tbat
time, of a renewal of the outrages,
that in spite of tbe necessity for open
ing traffic which they had formerly
pleaded, they now, through the com
mittee ot poblio safety, tugged me to
influence the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company not to attempt to move
freight trains. 1 replied while it
was not my doty to ran railroads, if
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company
desired to parens their business, and
... 0 ,
LL O
WHOLE NO. 1383
were prepared to do it, I would sup
port them with tbe whole power of
tLe State. On Morday morning tbe
railroad companies and their em
ployes resumed business ; tbe freight
trains were started, and communi
cations opened with all parts of tbe
country.
In the meantime, the disturbances
spread rapidly over the State. In
Philadelphia, by the courage and
activity of tbe mayor aod police,
supported by tbe great body of tbe
citizens and the press, and in Harris
burg, through tbe cool ness aod
promptness of the sheriff of Dauphin
oaoty aad the mayor of tbe city aod
the public spiiit of tbe citizens, who
responded to tbe call of tbe authori
ties, the disturbances ere speedily
quelled before my arrival. Ia Head
ing, tbe costly ailroad bridge over
tbe Schuylkill was burned on the er.
ening of tbe twenty-second and
freight trains stopped. Tbe Sheriff
of Berks county, proving unequal to
the situation. General Keeder, with
two hucdred and fifteen muskets, of
the Fourth infantryNational Gaard
of Pennsylvania, was seat there by
General Bolton, aud in a severe
street fight, after dark, oa the twea-ty-tbtrd,
ia wbicb many of bis com
mand were injured more or less sev
erely with stones, aod eleven of tbe
crowd killed aad above fifty wound
ed, the rioters were dispersed. These
troops having been subsequently de
moralized by tbe action of the Six
teenth regiment, were withdrawn ;
but tbe next day, tbe twenty-fourth,
upon the arrival of a detachment of
L mted btates troops, under Colonel
liamiitoo, tbe road was re opened.
Ia tbe middle coal field of Luzerne
c maty, tbe miners, uuder the pre
vailing excitement, struck on . the
tweo'y-fitth of July, aod all trains
were stopped upon tbe roads ruooiog
through tbat regioa. At Scraatoa,
on ibe first of August, a large body
of men, endeavoriog to drive tbe
workmen from tbe railroad shops and
factories, were courageously dispers
ed by the mayor aad bis poiuse, ia
wbicb conflict that officer was severe
ly injured and three of tbe rioters
killed and a number wounded. As
the trouble was serious and threaten
ing, and rapidly growing beyoud
control of the mayor, and bis small
force, brave and determined as tbey
were, I directed the I irt Division,
under General Brinton, to hactea the
proposed movement to that regioa
tollowiog immediately with other
forces; and on the third of August,
tbe railroads were once more put in
to regular operation. A body of
troops, regular aod militia, were
stationed there nntil tbe early part
of November, when all fears of any
disturbauces being removed, tbey
were withdrawn. Slight outbreaks
which had occurred in various other
places bad been easily suppressed
either by the local authorities or tbe
presence of tbe Lotted States or
State troops: and before tbe middle
of August all tbe railroads through
oat the State were running on ached
ule time, aod by the early part of
November, all manifestations of
lawlessness had disappeared. For
full details of the military movements
here outlined, I refer you to tbe re
port of the Adjutant General and ac
cempanying documents.
When called upon, the Federal
government promptly responded, aad
throughout tbe troubles tbe State
was greatly iodebted for tbe cooperv
tion aad moral support of tbe regular
troops. Upon tbeir final withdrawal
I addressed letters to tbe President
and General Hancock, (which will be
found in the Appendix,) acknowl
edging our sense of the services of
the army, and tbe increased respect
and appreciation of oar people for its
admirable conduct in tbe State.
CAUSES AXD RESULTS.
Thus ended tbe great railway
strike of 1877 in Pennsylvania, which
resulted in violence, murder, and
arson; which caused tbe deaths of
over fifty civillians and five soldiers,
aod tbe woaodiog aad maiming of a
honored or more, aod tbe destruction
of millions of dollars worth of proper
ty. V bile it is true tbat tbe work
ingmen, who began it, contemplated
no sucb terrible results, it can oot be
denied tbat tbe maooer in which
tbey proceeded to enforce tbeir de
mauds, by stopping inland commerce
and seizing tbe property of corpora
tions and individuals and driving
citizens from tbeir usual occupations,
in debance of law, made tbe breach
through which tbe lawless elements
of society poared to plunder and des
troy. By thus inconsiderately invit
ing the cooperation of tbe criminal
classes, labor did itself a great and
grievous injary, aod it will be long
before it can remove tbe suspicion
and distro9, with which tbe people
ill view us strikes aod organiza
tions. Into tbe merits of tbe contest.
it is not necessary to go; whatever be
the rights of labor, the duty of the
Executive is imperative. In the
MeseagD of 137R, were set forth tbe
principles which govern the present
administration in the discharge of
this onerous duty, to wbicb recent
events bave given additional empha
sis: "No disobedience of regularity
constituted authority will be permit
ted, whether oo the part of individu
als, corporaiioos, or combinations of
mn. No sense ot wrong, however
grievous, will or shall justify violeoce
in seeking indemnity therefor. Tbe
rights of property must be respected,
and no iateriereoce with its legiti
mate use will be tolerated. Every
man must be allowed to sell his own
labor at his own price, and his work
ing must not be interrupted, either
by force or intimidation. For griev
ances, fancied or real, redress mast
be sought in tbe manner the law
provides, and no one must attempt to
override its process. If citizens will
recognize tbese principles as binding
opon tbeir consciences atd actions,
there can he no necessity for Execu
tive interference to preserve the
peace, and it must be understood,
once for aU, that aoy violation of
private rights, or resistance to public
officers when ia the discbarge of their
duty, will be summarily dealt with,
and if tbe civil authorities and the
power of the county ' cannot main
tain tbe supremacy of the law, then
tbe whole power of the Common
wealth shall be employed, if necessa-
rr, to compel respect for anthority,
. -equel to the rioU, the grand
As a i .' -county, entered
tort ft'iTon, aad sammlrflj '
upon an invest ,dance of the Gov
demanded tbe atte. t military oft
ernor and the civil an -mrtment to
cers of the Executive De, -, think
testify before it. As I did n -niil
it tbe time or place for aa impa. .
investigation of the troubles, or can
cede the right of tbe conns to com
mand the attendance of a caordiaa:
branch of the government,' I refused
to attend, and directed the civil aad
military officials to refuse also. The .
question was submitted - to- the - Su
preme Court, aod iu decision accord- -ing
with the views of the Department, ;
all appearance of eooflict between tbe
judiciary and executive was happily .
averted. ' Should the Legislators
deem it expedient to investigate tbe
subject, all information in tbe posses
sion of tbe Governor or the Depart
ment, if any, ia - addition,. tato at
coataioed in the Adjatant General's z
report, aad tbe appendix hereto, will
be promptly given.
Passing from tbeso secondary mat
ters, to tbe broader and deeper lessons '
of the strike, while there ia much to -cause
solicitude, there is much, also,
to awaken confidence in tbe fiaal sol- ,
a tion of tbe problem. While capital '
held labor in ignorance and boodage, - -
strikes were rare. Their frequent
occurrence is a proof tba; labor is
growing, more and more, to an equal
ity in strength aod importance to '
capital. Intelligence has spread
itself amoog tbe laboring classes, tbey
bare learned to read aad write, aad
to interchange tbeir views, and form
ed associations, according tc- their
oew lights, tor their protection and
advancement. , And if in this, as ia ,.
many other cases, "A little learning .
is a dangerous thing," it is yet better '
tbaa no learning at all, and is the
progressive step to higher intelli
gence. On tbe other hand, under tbe , ;
influence of civilization, wealth became .
more and more diffused, corporations
grew np to collect the large aad small
amounts of unemployed capital, to .
build tbe gigantic works and conduct .
tbe great industries required by mod
ern society. Tbese two results are
the inevitable cooseqaeoces of i nereis- -.
ed intelligence and civilization.
These great corporaiioos, from tbe
character of tbe enterprises, . are of
necessity, ia most cases, monopilies.
As sacb, the people have a right to
demand that while tbe profits may '
accrue to private individuals, their
mauugemeui shall rise above me'ely
selfish aims, aod cousult also the
public utility and welfare. It has
come to pass that in the Couflict
betweea capital aad labor, tbe former
w aioioBt w Doiiy represented oy
corpora ious aud tbe latter by various
orgatiiza I os.
1 be attitude of tbe people towards
tbese two forces during the great
strike baa also deep significance. In
the general sympathy for tbe stri
kers, dulled only by tbeir unlawful
acta, the worltuien bave assurance
tbat ia all right and lawful efforts to
better tbeir condition tbey' will have
the aid of oearly all classes of '. their?
fellow-citizens. And ia the-prejudices
against tbe corporations, those -who
coatrol them may realize that
the possession of great wealth and '
the control of great enterprises Im-
poses obligations to tbe public which '
tney cauuot afford to ignore. . In .
these facts, we can discern the two
roads tbat may eventually lead to
the Goal settlement of the contest
the diffusion of higher ' education
among the workingmen, aud the con
viciioo, on the part of capital, that
it has now to deal with an equal
competitor, whose claims and rights,
together with its own, mast be deci
ded and adjusted by arbitration. In
tbis contest, the primary duty of tbe -State
is to keep tbe peace, and sec
ondarily, so far as laws will avail, to
hasten the coosuroauon of ibe re- ,
salt.
INDUSTRIAL AND SCIENTIFIC
TSAIX-
It is impossible to read the indus
trial history of the country without
being struck with tbe decline of tbe
system ot apprenticeship, tbe deca
dence of skilled labor, and the rapid
increase of common day laborers.'
Many causes may be assigned for
these results. Tbe invention of labor-saving
machines, the minute sub
division of labor,' and tbe intense
competition among producers and
manufacturers have, no doubt ser
ved to lessen tbe pride of tbe work
man in his work, aod made it impos
sible, in many iustances, to give any
lime or opponun.ties to mere learn
ers. To counteract these influences,
the assistant e ot the State . will be
required. But another cause, ari
sing trum tbe misdirected efforts of
ibe workingmen themselves, cad on
ly be removed with their coopera
tion. Trades unions aod various la
bor organizations, which profess to
elevate the condition of laboring
classes, have, in reality, materially
contributed to impoverish aod de
grade tbem. Millions of dollars
bave been collected from working
men aud squandered in profitless
strikes, during which other millions
bave been lost through enforced idle
ness, without even a transcient ef
fect upon ibe natural fluctuations of
wages. Tbe independence of indi
viduals has been sacrificed to the
tyranny of a class and tbey have
gradually learned to depend tor pros
perity upon other agencies
than their own personal industry and
thrift. The regular education of
skilled mechanics has been restricted
by the same agencies, forciog the
growing generations into the undis
tinguished mass of day laborers, the
low eet aud poorest paid of aay class,
aod reducing the nation to tbe ne
cessity of supplying its skilled labor
froru foreign countries. . Tbese liiiugs
tirike at the welfare of labor aad tbe
prosperity ef the State. Even from -
the workingmen s standpoint, no good .
that it seems possible to derive Irom
such means can compensate for their
deteriorating effects upon tbe condi
tion and morale of tbe laboring clas
ses. Tbe growth of tbe individual
is bwearted,bis substance wasted and
his children deprived of their rights.
The doors of bis own trade and all .
others are closed against tbem by
his fellow-workmen, and they must
enter another calling, or become the
mere drudges of society. As long
as the trades are closed, as at pres
ent, we must ever complain of uver-
crowded professions aud commercial
pursuits, or a lack or skilled mechan
ics and an exeess of common labor- ,
era. " "T.. - . -
Ia tbis question, not only the
workingmen, but the State, also, is
deeply concerned. "The great war
fare of tbe nineteenth century is in
dustrial warfare; tbe struggle be
ta een great nations for supremacy in
various industries , and for control of
tbe various markets." ' Several for
eign nations and a few of the States
bave foreseen the conflict and began
to educate their people. Pennsylva
nia ia unrivaled resources, bat unless
she prepares for their competition,"
she mast content herself with the
production of raw mauriels. aad
her people become th hewers .of .
(f oniinuedon Totaih Pigk. '. :