,a"S MESSAG. the Senate nd IIovi cf Vll : ct to tht commar-d cf tbe con ..e now become my duty "to givt information of the State of the reeomuiend to their consideration .res" as I judge to be "necessary g auu , and above ell, oor thanks ere due oty God for the numerous benefits . baa bestowed upon thii peeplu; nltml prayers continue to ascend to t lie would continue to bless our vpublic iu time to come He has ' in time past, adjonrometilof tie last Congress bate enjoyed nn-.nniisuel do. ''10 ea'rtb has yielded her id has bouulifully tewar-usbundman.-. Our great Jed hinh prices, aud, op Hod, our manufacturing, nanicfll occupations have .a' of the eeneral nrosDerity. glased all the elenionta of uiaUv . ' 1 . , 1 1 L . .1 in ncu euuuoancB,, miu jvt, uvv Jing all these advantages, our coun ila monetary Interests. 1 at tue presvn .lent in deplorable condition, ... In the midst of unsurpassed plenty in oil the productions of agriculture and in all the I'lenieuls'of national wealth, we find oar manu factures suspended, our public. Works retarded our private enterprise of different kinds aban. boned, and thousands of useful laborers thrown out of employment and reduced to want. The revenue of the government, which is chiefly derived from duties on imports from abroad, has been creally reduced, whilst the appropriations made by Congress at its last session fof tho current fiscal year are very large In amount. Uader theso circumstances a loan may be lequirod before the close of yeur present set siou ; but this, although deeply to be regret tod, would prove to be only a slight misfor tune, when compared with the sufl'ering and distress prevailing among the people. . With this the government cannot full deeply to sympathize, though it may be without tbo nower to extend relief. It is our duty to inquire what has produced such nufortuoate results, and whether tf'oir recurrence can be prevented T in all our for itier revulsions the blame might have been fairly attributed to a variety of co-operating causes; but not so on the present occasion. It is apparent that our existing .misfortunes have proceeded solely from out extravagant and vicious svstem or paper- currency ana bank credits, exciting tue people to wild spo. dilations and cambling in slocks. These revulsions must continue to recur at successive intervals so long as tbo amount of the paper currency end banic loans ana dis counts of the country, shall be left to the dis tion of fourteen hundred irresponsible bank- in 1? irstitutioos. which from the very law of their nature will consult the interest of their stockholders rather than the public welfure. , The framers or the constitution, when they gave to Congress the power "to coin money and to regulate the value thereof," and. pro hibited the Slutes from coining money, emit ting bills of credit, or makiug . anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts, supposed tbey had protected the peo ple agaiust the evils of an excessive aud irre deemable paper currency." They are not re sponsible Tor the existing anomaly that a go vernment endowed with a so veieicn attribute. ofcoinin? nionev and rctrulatiDir the value thereof should have no power to prevent oth ers from driving this coin out of the country and filling op the channels of circulation with paper wntcn does not represent goiu ana sil ver. It is one of the highest and most responsi- ble duties of government to insure to the peo ple a sound circulating medium, the amount of which ought to be adapted with the ut most possible wisdom and skill to the wants of internal trade and foreign exchanges. If this be either greatly above or greatly below j the proper standand, the marketable value of every man's property is increased or dimin ished in the same proportion, and injustice to individuals as well as incalculable evils to the community are the consequence. Unfortanately, under the construction of the federal constitution, which has now pre vailed too long to bo changed, this important and delicate duty has been discovered from the coinago power, and virtually transferred to more thou fourteen hundred State banks, acting independently of each other, and regu lating their paper issues almost exclusively by a regard to the , present interest of their stockholders. Exercising the sovereign pow er of providing a paper currency, instead of coin, ior tue country, the tirst duty wmcu these banks owe to the public is to keep in their vaults a sufficient amount of gold aud silver to insure the convertibility of their noteB into coin at ail times and under all cir cumstances. No bauk ought ever to be chartered with out such restrictions on its business as to se cure this result. All other restrictions are comparatively vain. This is the only true touchstone, the only efficient regulator of a paper currency the only one which can guard the public ngaiust over issues and bank suspensions. As a collateral and eventual security it is doubtless wise, and in all cases ought lo be required, that bauka shall bold an amouut of United States or State sorori ties equal to tboir notes in circulation and pledged for their redemption. This, however furnishes no adequate security agaiust over issues. . . On the contrary, it may be perverted to inflate the curreuey. Indeed, it is possible by this means to convert all the debts of the L nited States and State goveramaots into bauk notes, without reference to the specie revuired to redeem them. However valuable these securities may be in themselves, they eauuol be converted into gold and silver at lb 11.01r.ent or pressure, as our experience teaches, in suDlcient time lo preveot bank suspensions ana the depreciation of bauk 1 notes. Ia EngUnd, which is to a considerable ex tent a paper-money country, though vastly behind our own in this respect, it was deemed advisable, anterior to the act of Parliumeat of 1844, which wisely separated the issue of notes from the banking department, for tie Bank of England always to keep on hand gold and silver oqual to one third of its combined circulation and deposits. If this proportion was no more than sufficient to secure the con vertibility of its notes, with the wbolo of Great Britain, and to some extent the conti nent of Europe, as a field for a circulation, rendering it almost impossible that a sudden and immediate run to a dangerous amount should be made upon it, tho same proportion would certainly be iusuiucieat under our banking system. Each of our fourteen hundred banks has but a limited circumference for its circulation and in the course of a very few days the de positors and note-holders might demand from ucb a bank a sufficient amount in specie to compel it to suspend, even although it had coin in its vaults equal to one-third of its im mediate liabilities. And yet I am not aware with the exception of the banks of Lousiaos, that any State bank tbougbout the L'oiou bas been required by its charter to keep this or any other proportion of gold aud silver couiDared with the amount of its combined circulation aud depcsilf . What bas been the eousenuenca T Ia a recent report made by the Treasory Department on the couditioo of the banks throughout the different States, .according to returns dated uearest to January, 1657, the aggregate amount of actual specie in their vault is $58,349,838, of their circulation t2li.78fl.822. aud of their deposits 230.301 853. Thus it appears that these banks in the aggregate have considerably less than one Cellar in seven of fold and silver compared wrth rhrlr eh dilation and deposit. It was palpable, therefore, that tho very first pres sure mnst drive them to suspension, ana de prive the' people of a convertible currency with all its disaitrtos consequences. t ' '. ' It is truly wonderful that they should nave so long continued to preserve" their credit, wlien a demand Tor tue payment or ooe-e-venth of thek immediate liabilities would have driven them into insolvency. -And this is the condition of the banks, notwithstanding that ronr hundred millions of gold from Call- fnrnia linve flowed In ouoa US Wltbill the last eight years, and the tide continues to flow. ludced sucti has licen tne extravagance 01 bunk credits that the banks now hold ft con siderably less Amount of specie either in pro portion to their capital or to their circulation and deposits combined, than they did before the discovery of gold in California. Whilst iu the year 1P48 their specie in pro portion td their capital was more tlian equal to one dollar for four aud a half, in 1867 it docs not amount to one dollar for every six dollars and thirty three cents ef their capital. in ttie year 184b the specie was equal wunin a very small fraction to one dollur iu seven and a half to their circulation and deposits. ' i roni this statement it is easy to occeunl our financial history for the Inst forty years has been a history -of extravagant exnan- . spin? in the business of the country, followed bytruinons contractions. At successive inter vals the best and mo6t enterprising men have beenMempted lo their ruin by excessive bonk loans V mere paper credit, cxcitir.g them to extravagant importations cf- foreign goods, wild sacculations, and ruinous and demorali sing sloc4j gambling. When the crisis arrives as arriveAit must, the banks can extend no relief to If he people. '-In a vaitl struggle to redeem tneif liabilities in specie, they are compelled to contruct their loans and their issues; twirl at lust, in the hour of distress, when thefr assistance is most nreded, "tbey and the is? debtors tocetber sink into insol vency. 1? . v-- . - . - - ' " " . It if this paper system of extravagant ex pension, raising the nominal price of every article-Jar bevond its real vulue when compar ed wkB the coal of similar articles in coun tries whose circulation is wisely recnlated, Which has prevented us from competing in our owtt markets with foreign manufacturers, has iifbduced extravagant Importations, ana una J counteracted the effect of the large incidental protection afforded to our domestic mnnnluc tores by the present revenue tariff.'-15 ut for this the branches of onr manufactures ' com posed of raw materiuls, the production of our en fabrics would not only hove acquired al most exclusive bosscssion of the home market but would have created for themselves a for eign market throughout the world. Deplorable, however, as may bo onr pre sent financial condition, we may yet indulge in bright bepB for tho future.' i0 other na tion bas ever existed which co'jld have endur ed such violent expansions and ' contractions of paper credits "without lasting iujury ; yet the buoyancy or youth, too- energies 01 our population, and the spirit wmcu never qnaus before dilhcolties, will enable us soon to re cover from our present financial embarrass ment, and may even occasion ns speedily to forget the lesson which they bnvo taught. In the mean time It is the duty of the gov eminent, by proper means within its power, to aid iu alleviating the sufferings or the peo ple occasioned bv the suspension of the banks and to provide neainst a 'recurrence of the same calamity. Unfortunately in either as pect of the case, it can de but little. Thanks to the iudependent treasury, the government has not suspended payment, as' it was com pelled to do by the failure of the banks in 1837, It will centinue to discharge its lia bilities to the people- in gold and silver. Its disbursements in coin will pass intocir colation, and materially assist in restoring a sound currency. From its high credit, should we be compelled to make a temporary loan, it can be effected on advantageous terms. This however, eh!l, if possible, be avoided ; but, if not, then the amoaut limited to the lowest practicable sum.' v I have therefore, determined that whilst no useful government works already in progress shall be suspended, new works, not already commenced, will be posponed, if this can be done without - injury to the country. Those necessary for its defence shall proceed as though there had been no crisis in our mone tary affairs. But the federal government cannot do much to provide against a recurrence of exis ting evils."' Even if insurmountable consti tutional objections did not exist against the creation of a National Bauk, this would fur nish no adequate preventive security.- The history of the lust Bank of the United States abundantly proves the irulu 01 mis assertion. Such a Bauk could not, if it would, regulate the issues and credits of fourteen hundred State banks in such' a manner as to prevent tho ruinous expansions and contractions in our currcucy which afflicted the country throughout the existence of the lute bank, or secure us against future suspensions. lo 1823 an effort was made by the Dank of England to curtail the issues of the country bauks 'under the most favorable circum stances. The paper currency had been ex panded to a ruiuous extent, aud the Bank put forth all its power to coutract it in order to reduce prices and restore the equilibrium of the foreign exchanges. It accordingly com menced a system of curtailment of its loans and issues, in the vain hope that the joint stock and private banks of the kingdom would be compelled to follow its example. It found, however, thut as it coutractod they expandud, and at the end of the process, to employ the language of a very high official authority, "whatever reduction of paper circulation was effected by the Bunk of Engluud (in 1825) was more than made up by the issues of the country banks.. Hut a Hank of the United Stales would not, if it could restrain the issues and loans of the State banks, because its duty as a regulutor or the currency must olten be in direct can fla t with the immediate interest or its stocu holders.- If we expect one agent to restrain or control another, their interests must, at least iu some degree, be antagonistic. But the directots ore liank or the United states would feel the lau'.e interest and the same iucliuation with the diicttors of the State bauks to expand the currency, to accoin modate their favorites snd friends with loans, and lo declare large dividenda. Such has beta our experience in regard lo the last bank. After all, we must mainly rely upon the patriotism and wisdom of the States for the prevention and redress of the evil. If tbey will afford ue a real specie basis for our paper circulation, ty increasing tno denomination of bank notes, first to twenty, and afterwards to tmy dollars; 11 they wiir.rt-quiro that the bauks shall at all times keep on band at least one dollar of gold aud silver for every three dollars or their circulation and deposits ; and if they will provide, by a self-exeruting enact- tneut which nothing can arrest, that the mo- ueut tbey suspend luey shall gb into liquida tion, 1 believe that such provisions witb S weeklv publication by each bauk of a state ment of its condition, would go far to secure us against future suspensions of specie pay. nieuts. - ... Conereis. in my opinion possesses tb power to pass a uniform bankrupt law appli cable to all bankiug institutions throughout the toiled SUUs, and 1 strongly recommend its exercise. .This would wake it the irrever sible organic law of each bank's exuteLce, that a suspension of specie payments shall produce its civil death. The instinct of self Dresarvaflon would then coo. pel it to perlor its duties in such a meaner as to escape the peuulty and preserve its life. The existence of banks and the circulation of bank Daoer are so identified witb the habile of our people, that they cannot at Ibis day be suddenly bboiisbbd without ranch immediate Inlnri to the ennniry. If we could confine 1 - them to their appropilate sphere, and prevent tbcm from administering to the spirit ef wild and reckless speculation, by extravagant loans and irsaes, they might be continued witb advantage to the public. ' f ' But this I ssy after long and much reflec tion, if experience shall prove it to be Impos- Ule to enjoy the lacilllies wnicn wen iegoi. ted banks might afford without at the same time suffering the calamities which the exces ses of the banks have hitherto inflicted up or, the country, it would then be far the lesser evil to deprive them altogether of the power to issue a paper Currency,- and confine them te the functions of banks of desposit and dis count. '..'' Oar relations witb foreign governments are apon the whole Iu a satisfactory condition. ' The diplomatic dillicnmes wnicn existed between the Government of the United States and that of Qreat Britain, at the adjournment of the last Congress have been happily ter minated by ihe appointment o! a isriusii Min ister to this country who bas-bcen cordially received, v"-" --'. Whilst it is greatly to the Interest as I am convinced it is the sincere desire, of the gov ernments and people or the two countries to be on terms of intimate friendship-with each other, it has been our misfortune almost al ways to have bad some irritating, 1; not dan gerous, outstanding , question witn ureal Britain. . Since the origin of the government we have been employed in oegototing" treaties with that power, and afterwards in discussing their true intent end meaning, in 1111s respect, tho convention of April 9, 18M),-. commonly called the Clayton and Bulwer ' treaty, has been most onfortunateor all because tue two iroveriimenta place directly oppesite and contradictory constructions upon its first and most important article. Whilst in the United istatcs, we neieiveo that this treaty would plnce both powers upon an exact quality by tbe stipulations that neither will ever '-occupy, or fortify, or colonize, assume, or exercise any dominion over any part or Central America, 11 is con tended by the British Government thnt the true construction of this language has left them in the rightful possession of all that portion of Central A merica which wbs in their eccopancy at tbe date of the treoty ; in foct, that the treatv is a virtual recognition on the part of the United States of tbe right of 1 Great Britain, either as owner or protector to the whole extensive coast of Central Ame rica, sweenibe round from the Ilio Hondo to the port and harbor of San Juan de Nicara gua, together with the adjacent Buy Islands, except tbe comparatively small portion cf this belween the aarstoon and Uape Hondu ras. According to their construction, tht treaty does no more than simply prohibit them from extending their possessions in Lentral Jtme rica beyond the present limits. It is not too much lo assert that if the United States the treaty Imd been considered susceptible of such a construction, it never would have been negotiated under the authority of the Presi dent, nor would it have received the approba tion of tbe Senate. Tbe universal conviction in tbe United States was, that when our government con sented to violate its traditional and time honored policy, and to stipnlate with a for eicn government never to occupy or acquire territory iu the Centrul American portion of our awn contuiont. the consideration Tor this sacrifice was that Great Britain should, in this respect at least, be placed in the same position with ouraclves. Whilst we have no richt to doubt the sincerity of the British governmont in their constructiou of the treaty, it is at tbe same tune wv deliberate conviction that this construction is iu opposition both to its letter and its spirit. " "r- Under the late administration negotiations were instituted between the two governments for tho purpose, if possible, of removing these difficulties ; and a treaty having this laudable object in view was signed at London on the 17lu October, 18S6, and was submitted by the President to the Senate on tbo following 10th of December. hether this treaty, itber in its orieinal or amended form, would have accomplished the object intended with out giving birth to new and embarrassing (implications between the two governments, mBy, perhaps, be well questioned. Certain it is. however, it was rendered much less ob jectionable by the different amendments made to it by the senate. .... - . r 1 The treaty, as amended, was raiineu uy me on the 12lb March, 1857, and wos transmit ted to London for ratification by the British government. That government expressed its willingness to coneur in all the amend ments made by tbe senate, with the single exception of tho clause relating to Kuaian and other islands in tho Kay 01 Honduras. ; The article in the original treaty, as suu- ! milted to tbe Senate, after reciting thut these islands aud their inhabitants ' having been by convention bearinz date the2,tn day or August, 18.')6. between her Britanic Majesty nd the Uepublic or Honduras, constituted nd declared a Iree territory under the sover iirnty of the said Uepublic cf Honduras," stipulated that "the two contracting parties do biiroby mutually engage to recognize and respect in all future tiaie the independence und rights of the said free territory as u part of the Uepublic or Honduras." Upon 011 examination ol this convention between Great Britain and Honduras of the 27lb August, 1836, it was found that, whilst declaring the Bav Islands to be "a free terri tory under tbe sovereignty of the republic of j Honduras, it deprived that republic 01 rights without which its sovereignty over tr.em could scarcely be said to exist. It di vided them from the remuinder of Houduias, and gave to their inhabitants a separate gov. eminent of their own, with legislative, execu tive, andjudiciul officers, elected by themselves. It deprived the government of Honduras of the taxing power in every form, and ex em pled the people of the islands from the performance or military duty, except tur ineir own exclusive deience. it aiso pruuiuueu that republic from erecting fortifications upon them for their protection thus leaving them open lo invasion freni any quarter; and, Dually, It provided "tuat Slavery auan uuv i any time hereafter be permitted to exist therein." Had Honduras ratified this convention, she would have ratified the establishment of a State substantially independent within her own limits, and a State at ell times subject to British influeoce and coutrol. Moreover, had the United States ratified the treaty witb Groat Britain in its original form, we should have been bound "to recoguice and respect in all future tinio" these stipulations to the prejudice of Honduras. Great Britain reiected this amendment, assigning aa the only reason, that the ratifi cations of the convention of the 27th August, 183G, belweon her and Honduras, bad not becu "exchanged, owing to the hosilatiou of that government."- Had this been done, it is staled thafller Majesty's coveronient would nave had little ditliculty in spreemg la the modincalion proposed by the benale, which men wouiu nuvo nan in enect tue same sigui fication as the origiual wording." - Being lo direct opposition to the spirit and meauiug of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty as understood Iu the Uuited Slates, the Senate reiected the entire clause, aud substituted in its stead a simple recognition of the aove reign riiebt of Honduras to three islands in tbe following laugusge : "The two contract ing parlies do hereby mutually engage to recognize and respect tbe tsiands or Kuaian, Bonaco. Ulila, Barbaretta, Helena, and Mo- rat, situate in tbe Bay of Honduras, and oft the ceast of the Hepublio of Honduras as under tbe sovereignty and as part of the said Jtepubiio or Honduras. Whether this would have been tbe effect whether the mere circumstscca of the ex change of the ratifications of the British con to the ratification of our treaty with Great Britain would "io effect," have had "the same signification" as the original wording," and thus have nullified the amendment of the Senate, may well be doubted. It is, perhaps, fortunate that tbe question bas never arisen. The British gevtrnment, immediately after rejecting the treaty as amended, proposed to enter into a new titfuty with the United States, similar in all respects to the treaty which tbey bad just refused to ratify, if the United States would consent to add lo the Senate's clear and unqualified recognition of the sovereignly of Honduras over the Bay Islands the following conditional stipulation: "Whenever and so soon as the republic of Honduras shall have concluded and ratified a treaty witb Great Britain, by which Great Britain shall have coded, and the republic or Honduras -shall thave - acceptod,. the 'said islauds, f object to the provisions and condi tions Contained in such treaty." ' I Tho proposition was, of course, rejected. After the Senate had refused to recognize the British convention with Honduras, of the 27th August, 1856, witb full knowledge of its contents, it was impossible (or me, necessarily ignorant of "the provisions and conditions" which might be contained in a future conven tion between the same parties, to sanction them In advance. " ' v - The fact is that wherf ''two nations like Great Britain and the United Stutes, mutually desirous,' as they are, and I trut ever may be, of maintaining the most friendly relations with eacb other, have unfortunately concluded a -treaty which they understand in senses directly opposite, the wisest course is to abrogate such a treaty by mutual consent, and to commence anew. ' Had this been done promptly, nil difficulties in Central America would most probably ere this have been adjusted to the satisfaction of both parties. The time spent in ditcns&ing the meaning of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty wonld have been devoted to this praiseworthy -purpose, and the task would have 6eon the more easily accomplished, because tho interest of tbe two countries in Uentral America is identical, being confined to securing safe transits over all the rcutes across the Isthmus. Whilst entertaining these sentiments, 1 shall net berless not refuse contribute to any reasonable adjustment of the Central Amen can questions, which is not practically incon sistent with the American interpretation 01 the treaty. Overtures for this purpose have been recently made by the British government in a friendly spirit which I cordially recipro cate ; but whether this renewed effort will result in success I am not yet prepared to express an opiuiou. A brief period will de termine. ' With France onr ancient relations of friend ship still continue to exist. The French gov ernment have in several recent instance which need not be enumerated, evinced a spirit of good will and kindness towords cur country which I heartilly reciprocate. It is notwithstanding, much to be regretted that two nations whose productions are of such a character as to invite the most extensive ex changes and freest commercial intercourse, should continue toVnforce ancient and obso lete restrictions of trade aga;nt each other. Our commercial treaty with France is in this respect an exception from our treaties witb all dther commercinl nations. It jealously levies discriminating duties both on tonnage and on articles, the growth, produce or niuu ufucture of the one country, when arriving in vessels belonging to tbe other. More than forty years ago, on the 3d or March, 1815, Congress passed an act offering to all nations to admit their vessels iuden with national productions into the ports of. the United States npon the same terms witb our own vessels, provided they would reciprocate to us similar advantages. This act confined the reciprocity to the productions of the re spective foreign nations who might enter into the proposed arrangement with the United States. The act of May 21, 1823, removed this restriction and offered a similar reciproci ty to all such vessels without reference to the origin of their cargoes. Upon , these princi ples our commercial treaties and arrungemeins have been founded except with France; and let us hope that this exception mayjnot long exist. .. ' , Our relations with Russia remain ns they bavo ever been, on the most friendly footing. Tbe present Emperor as well as his predeces sors, have nover fuiled, when the occasion of ered to manifest their good will to our coun try ; nnd their friendship has ulways been highly appreciated by the government aud people of the United States. Willi all other European governments except thai of Spniu, our relations are ns peaceful as could desire. J regret to say that no progress.whatever has been made, since the adjournment of Congress towards the set tlement of any of the numerous claims of our citizens against the Spaoi.-h Government. Besides the outrage committed on our flageby the Spanish war frigate Fcrroluna, on the high seas, off the coast of Caba in March,1865 by firing into the American muil stonmer El Dorado, and detaining and searching her, remains unacknowledged and unredressed. The general tone and temper oftheSpunisb government towards thut of the Uuited States are much to be regretted. Our present envoy extraordinay and minister plenipotentiary to Madrid lias asked lo be recalled : and it is mv i purpose to send out a new minister to Spain, with special instructions on all questions pen ding between the two governments, and wilb a determination to hove them speedily and amicably adjusted, if his be possible. In the nean tune, wHenever our minister urges the u$t claims of our citizens on the notice of the Spanish government, he is met with the ob jection that Congress have Dover made tbe appropriation recommended by 1 resident rout in uia annual message 01 Uticemuer, 1847, "to be paid by the Spanish government f6r the purpose of distribution among the clai mants in the Araistad case." ' , A similar recommendation was made by my immediate predecruor in hi meisaae of Decem ber, U53; and entirely concurring with both in the opinion that this indemnity is juntly due un der the treaty with Mpain of the il 7th' October, 1795,1 earnestly recommend such an anpiopna- tionte the favorable consideration nf Congreia A treaty ot friendship and commerce was con cluded at Constantinople on the 13tb December, 1866, between tbe United States and rerun, the ratifications of which were exchanged at Con stantinople on the 13th June, 1857, and the trea ty was proclaimed by the President on the! 18th August, 1857. 1 bis treaty, It is behoved, will prove banehcwl to American commerce. The Hluh has manifested an rarneat dispuilion to cultivate Irienuly relation with our cuuutry,and has eipreued u strong wish that we hould be represented at 1 t-heian by a DUnutur plenipoten tiary;, and I recommend that sn appropriation be made fr this purpose. IttrriU oeeuiH-neca ia Cliira hav lm unfavnnbU te levaieu X Ibo Ircati- ilh that uulir M tb Ski July, IM4,witlia view to Ui Mfuiityaixl tiUnMu of our cuinmeic. Tbe iMik aitiHe of taia tit-ou atipulatfal fur a fevtauM of ' w ieiinic elxiald piov tint In ua requisite 'iu waicn eaaa tne two a-'verumtnta will, at tua expiratiuu of twelve vrars from the date uf aaul ron- vcutwn, tieal amicably eoarctniiig the aufue, by ov-aul H amiable neraoMB apiM.tea U ctiulurt uce Mrg.-liauutia. Ttit-ae twefve )'eara captrrd ou the 3d July, IKM ; luit loiig uwiwiw mat pci-w iiWM m eruumi mill iniMIU4MI mm- IN m la trauty am iKCeaaary l and erveral flunk aut-mpta were uiao or we romuituiuoer of ike Lulled Ptale to eAVt-i tlieae rhaitge. Anoincr effort waa about to be nude for the same pr poae by our ewnuniastoaer, in roujuiwtioa wtlli tbe minis ters of KuglaiKl ettd t-'ram-e, but this was euspeuded by the oomirf itee of boatiiitlee io the Cuuton rivet belween Gievt Bntaiu ai-d In Ctuneee Empire. Tbeaa homtibtiaa have neueeeafily uUeirupted lb Hade of ail nation wi'b CaiiUm, which la now la a euie of blockade, and nave ocraaiiHied a oaf lous kies of tile aad properly Meanwhile the inaurreoliuu wilhiu th empire tainat lUe aJUatiua; uipeiiai uyaaaiy etui ouminaes, an tt la aimcult Ul BJU1 ensile what will b Che rerjlt. Under theao eireumsunees, I ha deemed ifadvian ble loappoint a distinguished eiliaen of Pennsylvania en troy eiuaoidiuaiy and iniuiaier plenipotentiary lo proceed tu CbiM, and to avail himself of any oppertuuities which may Oder la eject changes iu the uiatum treaty lavurehl to AmeiM-au sunimrfc. lie leu tb bailed Males lot lb sloe of hu destination Ul July last in lbs war eleenier alnuicsula. Special amiiatera to China bav also beea appointed by tks governments of (Jreet tfrllaieand Fiance Whilst our imaister has been tnstrueted to occupy a ... . , .. 1 iwnw piwiini 11 iiiHMf kj iae uiiiini acmilifee at veotioo wrth Hondarti prior In jiomt tftimw , cmWw..i p, wh u h,mhv truly BiipulHliOi tho) just e?onre.oni U wininurr whirl, thm ml urns of the wurtti havta fichl In inet. ami which China cannot kHift b permitted ! wltlihod. I- mm murnoctrecird, I entvrinm no rfuiiht ihnt th thre mm inert will not in hormtmiou eniirrrt to obtain imiUir cotmnerciui trenttw "" Qrh ot the nwPeri they ci,rettt. We eaiinut fail to ftl a den Mitrwt In aH that eotv tenia the Wflfnra of th independent rrfiiblieaon oar wo fwiumant, or well na or tbe empirem ttrnan, - Our difficult let with New Uranadti, which a aHort lime tince bore r threatening an aipect. are tt ia to be hoped, .n a fair train of ecu lament m a manner juit anl banortw bla to both pnitiea. - The lathmu of Centra! America, incladina; that of Pa nama, i the areet highwity Hrtwten the Atlantic and Pa cific, over which a huge portion of the rutiimeree of tha world fa dratined to pnia.- The tinted Ptatra are more deeply interested thnn any other nation in preserving the freedom and aecoritjr of nil the commanicnltoire ncroea thii lathrana, H tn our duty, therefore, lo take rare that thry thall not he tnterrepted either l.jr invneioni from our owit oinmtry or hy ware between the inirpeudent Slate, of Out! America. I'tider onr treany with New Graneria, nf the I'-iMh De cemUr, iHlrt, we ore bottird to guaranty the netttialityof tha iKthmuaof PutiumA, through which the Panama (lull road pneaea, "na well ee theriRhie of anvereieuty and pro perty which New Grenno'a hua and p-aaeaiefa over tha territory." Thii ohligutioii hi founded upon equivalent panted by the treaty to the goreriincnt and people of the ' Ijiited Piatee. ' ' t'ndcr three elrcumntancea, t recommend lo Cotigrene the p Hinge of en act nnthnririnff the Pree dent, in cne of neceamt, to employ the land aad itavnl force of the United 8tatee to carry in toe licet thia guarantee of neutral ity and protection. 1 alao recommend imilnr Icgitauion for ttie aecurtty of any other ronta nrroee the lathmue in ! Whirh we m:iy acquire an intcreiit hy treaty. With the independent republ.ee on thia continent it is both our duty end nut intercut to rultivate the moat friendly relatione. We con nevar feaJ indiflerenttn their fate and must, alwaya rejoice in their proincrily. I" mot to irately both for them and for ui, our example and advh-e have (oat much of their influence in cuneen.uet.re of tha Inwleaa espetfitiotie which have been fitted out again eome of them within the limiia of oof country Nothing te better calculated to retard our ateetty material propresi, or impair our character aa a nation, than the toleiation of nfh enterprise in violation ut the law of nuttcna. It ia one of tbe brat nnd highcat dtitiea of aay Independ ent eHate, hi n relation! with the rocmbcraof the great family ot' naUuni, to rcetrain itt people truin act of hoe tile uirfrreaaioii aninat their viiizena or tuhjecte. The moat emincrt wntera on public tnw do not hesitute to de nounce au;h h"etile acta tu robbery and murder. Weuk nnd feeble tttitea, like those of tJtntral America, may not fe-. themeelvee able to uaaert and vindicate their right.. The cane wonld be fur different if expetli1tina were aeion loot wtuini our own territories to make pri vate wnragn.iHi n powerful rmtu.it. If aurh expediiioua were fitted out frum abroad against nuy portion of our own country, tobmndown our citica, murder nnd plun der our people, and usurp onr government, we almukl call any power on earth to the eti iciest accuuut fur not pi event ing uch enormities. Kver aince the administration of General Washington, acta of fjongrer have been in force tu punish severely the crime ot setting on font a inil.tary expedition within the limit of the Unitrd fttates, h proceed from thence niminet a nation m State with whom wa are at pence. The present neutrality act of April ftKb, lb!8 ia but little moro than a collection of pre-existing lawa t'ndur thia act the President la empowered to employ the fond and nnval forces and the militia 'for the purpose of preventing the carrying on nf any aurh expedition of enterprise from the trrritorietaiin jmisuiction or the united Stutes "entl thee11llectoiBofcusto1nBarea11thofi7.nl n:d required to detain any vessel in port when there ia reason to believe she i ii bout to take part iu such lawless enterprises. Whtti it was fiist tendered proliahiy that nn attempt would be mnde to get Mp another unlawful expedition against Kicarogiie, the Secretary uf Slat- issued instruc tions to the menhals end district attorneys, which were directed lor the Qeeretarira of Wer and tha Navy to the appropiiie army and navy oiiicers, requiring them to be yi! ila nt nnd to use their best exertions iu carrying iuto effeet the provisions of the net of IHfi Notwithstanding these precautions, the expedition has escaped from our ehnrc. &urh enterptifes can do no pos sible good to the country, but have already inflicted much injury ooth on its interests and its clmrnrter. They Imve prevented peaceful emigration from the United Stutes to the States of Cent nil An.erire, which couki mt fail to prove highly beneficial lo stl the parties concerned. In a prruuiury point of view nl.-me, our cttizene have susiiun ed henvy losses from tle seizure end ck-eing of the tran sit route by the StiuJuan. betwerii the two oceans, The leader of the rrreutrxpeditinn was arrested at New Or leu ns, but wns discharged on giving bail for hie uppenr ance in the insufficient sum of two thousand dollars. I commend the whole subject to the serious attention of :ongress, believing thnt our duty und our interest, as wc.l nu oar iialmuul character, leuuiie that we shohio THE AMERICAN. SUNBURYi SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1857. H. B. MASSER, Editor and Proprietor, f To ADVMTUlM Til fircnhllos of th PunHory American among tha different town on the Sarnnrtiann nnteirrettrd jfequalled ly any paper published In North trn Penmrrtvant. C3" Divine service will be beld in St. Mat thew's (Kpiseopal) Clinrcb, on Sunday even. Ing next, ot 7 o'clock; and in St. Mark's Northumberland, tbe same day at If) o'clock in tbo morning. " : I r TsAonsins' Txstituth. Tbe mem'icr of tbo TeacberB Institute met at the Court llonse in tbis place, on Thursday anJ Friday of lost week. During the tiny, business be longing to the Institute was trantacted, and in the evenings lectures were delivered to large audience. On Thursday evening, Jcn. J no. Kay Clement, lectured on "Music as a branch of National Education," on Friday Dr. J. J. John, lectured on "Anatomy and I'hysiolopy," after which J.J. ReimensnjrTer tbo County Bupcribtcndent, delivered an address to the ludies. Profrseor McFarlano of Ibe Freebnrg Academy, was tbrn Intro duced and elucidated the manner of teaching Mental Arithmetic, after which Ihcy adjourn ed for their respective home?. LETTER FROM THE EDITOR, DATED, ' .To'.ks' Hotfu 1 Philadelphia, Pec. th, IP57. J If we were to judge of the business of Philadelphia l,y tho appearance of Cbesnut stroet, one would hardly suppeso that there was much u fairing nnd want in that city. Philadelphia essentially a manufacturing city, nnd the nnmbcr of mechanics thrown out of employment leans heavily on that class. Bat there are already evident signs of improvement, nnd as confidence is gradr. ually restored, business will revive. The city Passenger Railway through Fifth ond S.xth streets will be completed in a few days. The cars will run down one street and nn tbe Bfl"pLBUf-n measures as will be tftVeluul in rcstrsiuir.E our f - rrt, , ...l u rrthvnni Wpui, cinien. from rommitiin seed ..uirnfe.. s pt. 1 he track is scarce.y observable and aot tho least in tho way. The road ill be a great public convenience and boeome popu lar evea in Sixth stroet, in spite of the clamor thut was raised agninst it. I am pleased to hear that some of our heavy iron establishments are about to resume epera- Tiit. enterprise was snecef afutly catricil en until J in.- c.Hn.i ... , e .-.tA v. isM. when, whibt in the peac.foi prose- uiion tions. Tho Scranton works, I was informed, 1 regret t-Mnr-nmrou that the rreauk-nt of rarnpus hns refused to ratify the treuty between the United hluti-s ami thut dlnteu amended ly theSeimte.the siKnatureof whk-a wjs inentionee in the mesrape of my pretlecessor to Con gress at the opening of its ac.ioti in Ueceiiibrr 146-1. 'I'll, realms aMtgueil foi thia refiml will uppcar in the corrus nonJeiiee herewith subnti-.tetl. -li twiner itesirnble to n.certain Xhs fitness of the river !. rinta und its tributancsfor nuviftitiun by steam, the L'ni ted Sirites .trsmer Witter wus sent liiithcrf-ir that pnrpi,se in IbSJ. I'ebruarv. ol her vitynice nn the Hjrana river, the steamer was fired upon by a rarsgaan furt. The lite wus returned; hut as I the Water Witch nasnf small forre, ami not designed fur ' oflen.ive opeiolions. she reused from the eonltii-t. The ! pretext up-'n wlurb the aiiui-k was nume wns ueeree oi the riesidenlef Hsioguay, nf tit-tol.tr, l-it, piohibitlnf forei(r vessels of war from navigating the rivurs of that Stute. As i'ltraguary, however, wus lh owner ef bat ne Usnk of the river of fimt name, the other belonging bo L'uriicuter attluleof the Argentine Ouifederation, the right if its government tu expert thai sui-n a uerreewouiu be olie cannot ue aer nowlcdied. Jlut the Wattr Wilcli was oroneriv spi.t,kinB-. a vessel of war. rhe wus u small stea. nier, engjgeti in a ' si-ieutific enterprise inteiuled lor the advantuije of eomm:'cial Mlnles geuerully. Citder these cireuiim-uiuces. I am comdluiueil to eonsider the ntuirk upii ber ns unjustihab!" and ns calling lor sutistaciiun from the I'arHcuuyan g-iverniiient. Ciiiensof the t'uiied Stales, else, who wet establish ed in biuiriem in ruruguny, have lia-tthelrprueerty seil-xd atultnkeii from them, and li ive otherwise bet-n treulM by the auilioritiesin an insulting and aieitiarjtmaniier, whteb requite, lediess. A demand for ther-e purposes will lie mnde in a firm bat e-ineilmltiry spirit, 'i his will ths in ne probably be grant ed if the K.xeoutire shall buve ntuliotity to use utiier means in the event of rcfuiu!. This is nccurdingly re commended. It is unnecessary t sTile In detail ths lrming enndi-ti-in of Ihe Territory of KaiiNis Ht the time of my iiinu-guratik-n. The opposite parties then stood in li-ialileiirray have entered into a contract amounting to one million of dollars, one hulf in advance. The Montour Company will be converted into a joint stock Company. The creditors of the Company held a meeting, in this city( a tew days since, to mnkesome arrangements -iKed by which they are to become stockholders ta ryasne't lne nm0nut of their -espective claims. Tho property of the Company is estimated at SI. 100,001, opou which there is a mortgage of gtiOO.OOO, leaving but SSOO.OOO of its esli- mated value to rnv its liubilitien, which amonnt to $000,000. This exhibit is any thing but encouraging to iron manufacturer;. Theso Cgures i'.dieate either a want of proper management, or else some defect in the works. . Tbe former is perhaps the c-tuse. There have been various rumors and con lectures as regards tbe cabinet of General iignin.1 ench othei and any accident might have relighted ; . ,v .. l. i n-i,.!-.,.,.:.,. the names c-l'eivil war. Besides et this enliral imuuent. r Pachor, the Governor elect. 1 be imprest 1011 - -' -L-J 0nert Cameron, however, snbaequently Inter fertil, and an his motion,' the nomination wsa ronfirmed before Ibe Senate adjourned. Tb ofTice I a doatrabl cne, and the General is per. hap ss well qualified and rooeh sntitltd telt aa any one else. There ia, to use a common expression, mony in it, I inquired ofamemlier what the oflice was worth. - His reply was, "$3.r00 to an honest nun . and from that to $25,000 to a rogue." . A great deal ef money U made litre by persons in authority, by means that would hardly be deemed honest hy strict moral ists. The lata Clerk of the House was ordeied last session to purchase a number of copies of the debates of Congress, for which 112,000 was appropriated. Thia Clerk managed to get them from the publishers for $25,000 snd put th re maining $7,100 in hit pocket , I was in the Senate to-dsy when lb Tretldent sent in to that body, tbe meag and accompa nying docomenta. The door-keeper announced '-a meiutge in writing from the Ptnident" when 'one individual stepped forward and delivered that Important document, snd behind him came two b'ys, each bearing an armfull of accompanying document'. The tnestsge wa sealed up in a wrapper of white paper, and when opened by tb Ptnetary, looked at if three or four quires of foolscap bad been used in its composition. Th message opens with refer en re to the present firsu ci il difficulties of the country which the President tlrib ul-s to the present banking system, and advises Congress to Like the matter Into their hands and pas Bankrap act which will compel every Bank lo go into liquidntioo on refusal to redeem its not.s In gold tnd silver. Tht recominendsl ion meets with general fsvor, snd as Con gress has the power, it is time thnt H should, now cer else il, snd also prohibit the issue of notesjest tbon f ve dnllnra. After the rending of the niesflg Judge Devglsas awto sti nttnek on that portion which relates to th CoustiluUi-) of Kansas. It was nnderstoacl that Jndge Ttonglsos would oppna the administration on this now untenant sobject. Mit of the leading raon of ths North sad West will be wit him. It will l the gieat and leading qnestion during lb session, nnd the administration must rirs or fall w lb Is, Mr. Buchanan can never enstsrn himself on this isu The question of popntsr sovereignty will overnd. every other issue, and lways doom il opponents to dcfsal ass) disaster. After Gov. Hcward, Stewart, snd ether prominent load er, had made snmc comments in regard to lh message, Gov Uigler rose lo s:i thnt "he concurred iu lL mee mge." The efTcet was inther ludicrous thau other h-tse-. The Governor wishes to be considered Ihe mouth-piec rs Ihs President, but Mr. Dticlianairs friends dou't all recog nize him as such. Hf'A NomillXUKKI.AKD C'Ol'NTY PulKTTCB in Lick. James B. Btcadman, formerly ef this county, wus fleeter? Printer by Congri'rs on tbe 9th iuet. The vote stood, Stcsdnian 121 j Weston, 69; scattering, 4. CJP ArrOIKTBKSTSBVIUB CaSAL PoABft.-- The following appointments were mado by the Board of Canal Commissioners ou Tha 2d instant : . Collectort D II. Xieman, Easton ; C. R. Palmer, New Hope; J Swinefort, Nortbaav bcrland j J. Piatt, WilliBmsport ; J. Ik Deis, Punnsburg ; I.. I i. tilts, I'ittston. 'tiyh-Mater$ J. S. Taylor, Nortbum- bcr'uind ; George Manhardt, Peach II even v Iliram II. Brown, Piltston. A.isittaut Weigh-Mailcrt R. S; Racotv Beach Haven. Kun.as was left with -ul a Uoveinor by the u sigiuHion of Gov. Oeaty. At the time of ihe election for delegates, an extensive nr..in-Mit.,t, r.i.ted in the Territorv. whose uvowed ob ject it ws, if ne' be, to put down Hie lawful govern ment hv force, and In etUiblisu a gov.rumrnt of thetr own under Ibe so called TofH-ka coiistilutitm. The per sons atlneiied to this revolutionary organization abstauied from taking any pn'l in the election. On the H'lh m r'ehrnnry previoua. the Territnruil t'gis hiture had pussed law providing for the e eetion tif tkle gules on the third Maudav of June tu a coni'eutioii to meet on Ihe 6ist Vfondsv of Septenilier, for the purpose of framing a eoestitutioii preparuu-ry to adniiwton into the I'uioii. This tnw wus in the tnnin fmr nnd jiut ; snd it is to be regretled that nil the qualified elecuirs hod not regis tered themselves and voted uniler its piovisiors. The a-:l of ihe territorial legislature hnd omitted In pro vide for eubiiiiiiiiig to the people the constitution wbieli night lie fmmiil bv the convention I and ill the excited siute of public feeling throughout Kini.ii. an apprehension evtensivelv prevniled that u design existed to f.-lee upon thema eonstittttiou in relation to slavery agniitst their will. In tins emerg.ucy it became my duty, as it w.is my un qnestionsblc right, hsving in view Ihe union of n'.l cood citizens iu support of the territorial laws, to expreis an opinion on the irueeousituctionof the provisions concern ing slavery contained ill tile organic set of Congress f th SUttt of May. 1MI. Congress declared it to be "the true Intent nnd meaning of this act not tn legislHtc slavery into auy Territory or Plate, nor t- exclude tl therefrom, but to leave the people thereof perfectly fre to form and regobiie their domestic institutions in their own way." I'ndet it Knnsns. '-when admitted as a Slate," . was to be received into the I'nion, with or wii hi iut slavery, aa Uicir eonsutuliuu may pre senile at the time of thetr admission. Xlid Hont-ren mean bv this tanciinee that the di legate elected to frame a amatiluiion should haveauthority finally lo decide the nuealion of slavery, nr did they intend by leaving it to the people thafthe people of Kansas them selves should decide the question by a diieet vote? On tins subject 1 confess I iisd never entertained a seriuue d-mlit, and. therefore, iu my iuetrneiioin to Governor Walker of the 2-th March laid. I merely anid, that when 'i constitution shall lie submitted to the people of the Territory, lliey must be protected in the exercise id their right of v-uuig lor or against mat insirunieui, sua me fan expressioii of the popular will must uot be interrup ted by (mud or violence. Condmion next ucel: Drati or a Gbf.at Milmoxairk. Tbe London Times, of tha 2d iust., contains a lung biographical notice of one of the "merchant princes" of tbe great metropolis, who has had most extensive relutions with this country. Mr. James Morrison, tba eminent millionaire iu (jQustion, died at bis seat, Basildon Perk, on the 30th ult., aged C8, and worth $20,000, 000, a considerable portion of which, it is stated by tbo Times, is invested in tbe United States, and so well iuvesled, too, that it suffurs no diminution by tba , present commercial difficulties. We believe that it was Mr. Mor rison who had a suit wilb tbe Dry Dock Bank in tbis city some years since, lie went to London a poor boy, and laid tho foundation of bis great futura .by engsging in the dry goods trade, in whitb he was the Oist to intro duce the principle of selling at a small profit to increase tbe amount of bis sales, lie after wards invested largely iu lands, and owned large estates in several Knglusb counties aud also in .Scotland. He was many years in Par liament, and was always liberal in politics; be was author of a work on tho Defects oj Knutitk Svtem uf A'uitcnr Jrritlatun, aud in 1848 a volume was published by Longman containing: a selection from his parliamentary speeches. He was a self educated man, but ba possessed a refined tasta in literature and art, and bad collected a remarkably ricb library and a noble nailery of paintings. He was oue of tbe nobles of Kngiand who inhe rited neither a nam nor a fortune, nor was indebted for any of bis distinctions to the Crewr. or tu people. A. 1, Junet. is now general thut tbe Honorable Joiin L. Dawson will be tbe Secretury of tha Com monwealth, aud Win, A. Porter, lisq., of Philadelphia, Attorney General. Mr. Daw son has served with distinguished ability severiil terms in Congress, nnd was ofTorcd the Governorship nf Kansas, by Pierce, pre- vious to the appointment of Col. Geary, j Mr. Porter is the son or Governor rorter, and occupies a dialinguished position at the Philadelphia Bar. fcjjT RoauBRT. Two teamsters, named Det ber and Bengan, were robbed of about glCi1 at the Black Horse Tavern, abont six milw from Minersville, Schuylkill county, on lb night of the 2d inM., by some person or per- i sons unknown, w ho entered the apartment in which these men were sleeping. Ci3Matcii AfiANtsT Tjhr. A young gtor tli-man of the Borough of Pottsvjllo, says the Mititrt' Journal, Wdlked, on Toesday of last wi-ck, to tbe Post Office io Schuylkill Iluvcn and back, lo one bonr and fifty-fivtv. minutes. Distance, eight miles. Time spot-, ified, two hours. Wager, 10. fie eatue la winner, with five minutes to spare. Very good walking for an. amateur pedestrian. Tbe excitement was quito lively at tba ter mination of tbe last mile heat, eliciting aw smile. WlM ARIl'd HOTF.I., Washington, Di e. 8th, ISo The Philadelphia Ledger terms in graphic despttthej ' merisetrpet." telle GiT Coal Sistpr. Mr. Jacob Gass, of Trcvortou, in this county, has invented a machino for separating sluto from coal, which is described by tbe bcientiie American aa follows : 4 Tbis machine accomplishes that which b heretofore been (lone by baud labnr, Tit., th separation of slute from coal. The slotted cylinder allows the oblong pieces of slate to escape ; tbo hoveled ribs insure the escape of lli-i same, by preventing their motion, and causing them to ussume a vertical position; aud tbe checkered grating allows the slstod coal lo escape without any slate whatever passiug off Willi it." sse s ty A h tub in KinroR Gone. Uguanti W, Weaver, editor of Ihe '-Slur uf (he iVartiV,' which paper ho published for nearly ten years, in the town of Bioomsburg, Columbia county, died of consumption, on Wednesday, tbe 2nd iust., aged abont 35 years. TUS TOCKEBMAN MAIL RoiiUERI Cahb.- Tho Boston Journal, alluding to the alleged robburies of the mail by Tuckerman,says tba statemeut that be confessed the crime (t untrue: Ha bas made some acknowledgements to Mr. Holbrook, the mail ageut, but what these may be are locked ap ia the possession of the) Goveruinent. " One important item of proof against tha prisoner is furnished by testimony of Tuck, erman's office boy, who states that, on on occasion, on entering tha office, be saw bia employer im plying a mail bag and burning letters as fast as be glanced at them. ' Tha boy merely remarked to Mr. Tuckerman thai be seemed to have a large mail, and tbe latter made no reply. Tbe boy thought nothing further of the matter notil ho saw Mr. Tucker man's arrest mentioned in tba newspapers, hen be made this fact known to Mr. Iloyt, the Superintendent of the New York au4 New Haven Kailroad. "Tbe proof of the prisoner's guilt II deemed ooiireiy conclusive out tne story mat a coan terfeil bill was found io bis carpet bag, or thut he bad $500 on tbe Lee Bunk is uutroe. He had bat little money with bim, and but few letteis. In bis room at Florence's Hotel were foand other eviJeocee of supposed guilt though what they are tha Government will not divulge, but it appears that tha ar rest was made uot a moment to aoon, at Tuckerman had ordered bit bill made out nr to tbt Monday following tbe arrest, and b, doubtless iuteuded to leave tt once for other grounds." Sacsaom Matji or Horrb Fiesn Two men, named Hodman and Dunn, were arrested in Philadelphia last week, and bound over to appear at Court, for the manufacture tnd salt nf Bologna sausages made of korn jitik ! From the teslimonv it appears that the mi : wa mt from th iileinrshiiuTilex if.etm1. Jrr being na.l Ibe iiieri-n as ftr,1. , fcfh fe ,.J a,p rlfsea.. This city is crowded, as usual at the com mencement of every session, wilh politicians, borers, and hungry expectants for office. 1 arrived here, from Philadelphia, yesterday morning at C o'clock, nnd wilb a large num. bor of others, was unable to get a room at any of the Hotels. I was, however, enetalled last night iuto a very good room as on rspe-1 cial favor. The bad reputo and consequent breaking up of the National Hotel has thrown a large surplus into the other bouses. Tbe Natioual bas, however, been renovated, cleansed out and painted, and is now almost ready for guests. It is said that soma three hundred cart loads of dirt and filth were taken from the cellar und basements. The rooms now smell sweet enongh, which is more than can be said of tbe street in the neigh borhood. The Hotels io Washington were never noted for cleanliness, nor fer the ex cellence of their tables. Grease is an impor- portant element in the preparation of their dishes and that not always cf tbt most savory character. Congress organized to-day by tne election of Mr. Orr, of South Carolina, as Speaker, a result which was generally expected. He j. a gentleman of superior abilities, and bis views ou slavery are less ultra and net so obnoxious to the North as those of most of Southern politicians. The great bone of con tentico was tht election of printer to tbt House, tbt mest profitable, although not tbt 1 roost distinguished position In the gift of tbt government. Tbe printing ef Congr is enormous, the pre. fit for en term or session alone baa been esti. mated as high a two hundted thousand dollar. Tbe caucu postponed tb nomination until this evening, when Blesdmin of Ohio, formerly of Northumberland County, wa nominated, by uniting with the frirnda of .Dank of Virginia, who, with t number of others will, no deubt, share the spoil. Yetrdy the President sent into tbe Senate, the name ef (jeuiral Bowman, late ef the Bedford Gasett. for th office ef (Su perintendent of Ihe Public trinting. Mr. Uigler moved to bve th nomination cnnflimed. Oh-
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers