1 1 ( ". r n ,V-4S ' - I'liJU SUKAiYLOiN TtfllJUJNlfl- TLESDAr, JANUARY 9, 1900, FACTS ABOUT THE ORANGE FREE STATE CHARACTER OF PEOPLE AMD OF RESOURCES. Stock Raising, Diamond Mining and Agriculture Its Chief Industries. Granary of the Boers Government, Laws and Education in the Free State Its History. From the New Yolk Sun. The Orange Free State !h bounded on tho south by the Orange river, which divides It from Cupc Colony, a British South African colony. On the north It la scpnrnted from Its sister republic, the Transvaal, by tho Vaal river. Ila sutoland unci tho range of the IJrukens borg (Dragon mountains) divide It from Natal on the east. On the west It Is bounded by Orlqualnnd West, which is better known us the Diamond Fields, a recently-purchased British possession. This little republic has nil urea of about liO.OOO square miles. It Is an ele vated table land 4,000 feet above the sea level, nnd Is 400 mllea long by 200 miles wide, running north nnd south. Tho present population of the country Is estimated by Its government at about 93.000 whites and 110,000 iatlvcs of the Basuto and Barolong tribes. Bloemfonteln, which Is "GO miles north of Table Bay. 150 miles north of Port Elizabeth, and 400 north of Kast Lon don, Is the capital. Tho only mountain ranges In the Orange Free State are the Stall mountains In tho eastern por tion of the republic. From the Drak ensberg the country slopes gradually to the Vaal river on the northern and "'western boundaries. The southern part of thu Free Statu is dotted with de tached kopjesor Individual hills. Other wise the Interior Is an undulating prairie or prairies, formerly covered with coarse grass. This Is changed in the south to n scrubby brush or copse, which Is excellent grazing for sheep, .1 sweeter grass supplanting the sour or coarser grasses In places. The Orange Free Statu Is not a forest country. It Is virtually treeless. The species of forest now found on tho hill sides and In tho moist valleys of the rivers Is a scant scrub of mimosa thorn, the wild olive, the willow, and the camel thorn, which Is a species of wild acacia. A I'ASTOItAt, COUNTRY. The principal lands arc best adapted to pastoral purposes, though there Is a 30xl00-m!l strip of soil on the Basu toland border considered to be second to none In the world for grain produc ing purposes. The pursuits of the peo ple; being principally stock raising and grain growing, the burghers have leis ure for war. Thu strip noted above produces, without Irrigation or fertil izing, nnd after planting for nearly forty consecutive years, from thirty to eighty bushels to tho acre. This fertile strip of land Is known as th- Conquered Territory. It was tnken from the Basutos about 18."!. This lit tle belt of land Is the granary of tho Orange Free Stnte and of the Trans vaal. In this belt of country, thirty miles wide by ion miles long, are grown wheat, oats, barley, maine and Ktitllr corn. It also curries large herds of cattle. horses, sheep, nngora goata unci ostriches. Pears, applet;, peaches and grapes are likewise grown to a large extent. This Is the Boer base of supplies, nnd the mountains which faeo South Africa are depended upon with Boer endurance nnd Boer strategy to hold these fields Inviolate to the homes of tho twin republics of the same lilood. Diamonds are extensively mined on the fields of Jagerfonteln, where the famous 000 carat Jagersfonteln TCxcel slor was found, on May 20, 1893, which Is In the southwestern part of the re public. The Importance of these mines can bo seen when It Is known that the diamond output of the Jagerfonteln field for January was lR.lS? carats, valued at $1",0,000, while that for Koffy fonteln for tho same period was 1,G(M carats, valued at $11,000. This Is part of the contemplated war prize In tho present conflict. LOCAL ClOVEUXMENT. The Inhabitants of the Orange Frco State are, like the Boers of the Trans vaal, a peaceful, educated and well governed people. The country Is di vided Into nineteen districts, each one of which is presided over by a land drost. or magistrate. Each of these magisterial districts Is again sub divided into one, two or more wards, according to Its size or Importance. Each of these wards sends a member to the Volksraad, or Legislature. In addition to this each town also senda a member to the volksraad. To this legislature the people delegate the gov ernment of the country. She presi dent, who Is the responsible head of tho executive department, is advised by an executive council and by tho high court, which Is composed of a chief justice and two puisne judges. The government obtains about $2, 000,000 annually from the revenue of the state to meet the expenditures. This revenue Is mainly derived from tho following sources : Quit-rent on furms. nt the rate of 48 cents for each 100 morgen, or 200 acres; transfer dues on immovable or fixed property, nt the rato of 4 per cent.: n 2 per cent, rate on movables, that Is. all goods sold by miction; a hut or capitation tax of $2.50 a head on natives. From the cus tom house there is received about $60j, 000 a year. This is obtained from a 32 per cent, ad vnlorum levy on all over sea gooda crossing the border. These dues are, by virtue of a treaty wltlt tho Cape Colony government, levied on the Natal border by Orange Free State officers In accordance with tho pro visions of tho custonii union existing between tho Cape governnvnt and tho Free State. The former retains 3 per cent, of the 12 per cent, duty levied to recoup Itself for the expense of collect- Try Crain-O ! Try Crain-O! Ask your Orocer tolay to show you a package of ORAIN-O, the new food drink that takes the place of coffee. Tho cnlldren may drink it without injury as will a tho adult. All who try it, like it. GRAIN-0 has that rich seal brown of Mocha or Java, but it is mado from pure grains, and the most delicate stomach receives it without distress. the price of coffee. 15 cents and 25 cents per package. Sold by all grocers. Taste Ilk Coffee Leeks like Coffee IntUt that your newer glietjoa ORAIN-O Accept bo Imitation. Iwr these customs due for tho repub lic. The Orange Free State expends nbout $150,000 annually on roads. 1300, 000 on bridges, nnd large sums for so small n country, on public Ijulldlrigs. In fact, nearly one-thlid of thu entire revenue of thp stnte Is nbsorbed by educational grants and public works. This would be n very fine showing for countrlet outside of Africa. SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION. The government of this Boer statu Is very careful about (ho education of the children of the land. For this pur pose a permanent fund of $1,000,000 Is set aside. The educatlonnl department Is a very thorough one. This depart ment Is under n superintendent who has a corps of Inspectors nnd sub-Inspectors. There are now about eighty fine government schools, with a stalf of 10 teachers. These schools are ex clusive of private and non-aided schools, such ns those which arc main tained by the Catholics, the Anglicans, and other religious denominations. The government schools are of three kinds, viz.: town, part and peripatetic schools. To teach them the Instructors are di vided Into first, second and third class, according to the grade of their certifi cates from the board of state examin ers. Tills board is composed of nine members who nre appointed by tho president of the Republic. This board has wide powers. It can grant certifi cates of proficiency In law, surveying and in science and literature generally. Tho only higher education schools sup ported by the state ore Dames Insti tute (ladles' seminary) and Grey col lege, jioth of which are at Bloemfon teln. In these Institutions the students desiring a university education mtist, therefore, go to the South African col lege, at Cape Town, or to Victoria col lege, at Stellenbosch. The great majority of the citizens of the Orange Free State arc, from the circumstances of their Dutch origin, members of tho Dutch Itcformed church. This Is th established church of the land.. There. Is a congregation In nearly every little village of the country. The government annually contributes about $40,000 to the sup port of this religious sect. It is paid Into the church synod to bo used as that body deems fit. This synod meets every other year In the month of May at Bloemfonteln, the cnpltaV It Is composed of the pastor and a lay mem ber of each congregation. The follow ing denominations also have churches, in the Orange Free Stnte: The Epis copalians, Lutherans, Catholics, Metho dlsts, Baptists and Presbyterlan3. Their Individual memberships arc small. The Episcopal church has a respectable following: at Bloemfonteln it has several school buildings. Among them nre St. Andrews' college for boy, and St. Michael's Home for girls. The Separatist Dutch church also has sev eral Important congregations In tho country. The Dutch Reformed church has a mission established at Wltzle shoek. Tho Berlin Mission society has Important missions nt Bethany Ma boeia (in the Ladybrand district) and other places. CLIMATE. The climate of the Orange Free State Is dryer and colder than that of Its neighbors. This Is due to its altitude nnd inland position. It is, therefore, healthful for weak lungs. Its dry sea son Is in tho winter time, but its peri ods of rain, and moisture are uncertain. The high elevation Is affected by the evaporation of tho lower countries, which drifts up into the Wittebergon (White mountains), Roodebergen (Red mountains), and the Drakensberg.where It condenses and frequently floods the streams, causing them to run bankers ten to twenty feet above their normal watermark. The last-named peaks rise to 11,000 feet, and are popularly called Monts aux Sources or mounts of source.? from the number of streams which rls? in them. In the winter time the rivers are shallow. Some of them hardly flow. They degenerate Into what are called pans (sea cow or hippopotamus water holes), which have drifts or fords her.! and there. This Is due to the dryness of the season. In tho summer these water courses are dangerously swollen, often rising in a single night from ten to twenty feet above their normal level. The pans or peculiar circular water basins found In the mlddleveldl, or water-Bhed territory between any two livers, are sometimes salt or brackish. These mlddleveldt pans are numerous In the Bloemfonteln, Jacobsdal, Fauro smlth and Boshof districts. One of these depressions, the Hagans-Pan, Is worked by a large salt company, which exports Its product to Johannesburg. This salt, according to Prof. Halm's analysis, Is the best In the world. Tho pan from which It is taken is about two miles across. It Is located about twenty-six miles from Bloemfonteln. The salt from it is made after this fashion: A trench eight or ten feet deep Is made in the pan. The brine percolates into this trench, from which it Is subsequently pumped up on a huge buck or tent rails. Here the water evaporates and the salt sediment is left deposited on the soil surface. While the rivers of the Orange Free State nre not navigable, they nre well stocked with fish, some of which are peculiar to them. Tho barber (Clarlus capensls) Is only found In the Orange river and Its tributaries. This fish is as long as seven feet. It has very few bones, and no scales. The barber has a large and ungainly head with eight cirri-feelers on the lower Up. The yel lowish is found In all the Free Statu waters. It sometimes weighs us much as twenty pounds. Among the more Important of the other, fish nre the whlteflsb, calveshead and the under mouth. Tho Iguana and the river turtle also abound. The Free State Is not notable for fierce or dangerous wild animals. Tho chief animals are ante lopes, wildebests, olesboks, nnteaters, wildcats, mlercats, .porcupines, hedge hogs, jackals, hyenas, wild dogs (the three last being almost extinct), and armadillos. LAWS. The principal enactments of the codified statutes which have been passed as one net are: 1. The establishment of high nnd low courts for the trial of causes. The high court consists of a chief justice and two asoclates. This tribunal sits In civil uctions for th'J Bloemfonteln district. It decides appeals civil and criminal from other district courts. There nre also circuit courts, presided over by one Judge, for tho hearing of civil cases, nnd of criminal cases with a Jury of nlno men. There nre like wise the landdrost and heeniraden courts. The bench in these courts Is occupied by the landdrost or magis trate of tho district and two of the district assessors. The lower court of limited jurisdiction Is presided oven by the magistrate Infetlor to the lund drost. There Is also a special justlcu of the peace who has limited criminal Jurisdiction. 2. By on act of tho volksraad, in 1831, tho Dutch language was made the of flclnl language of the Orange Frej State. 3. Th oomnsando law regulates tho JONAS LONG)' a SON 9. The Clearing Thousands upon thousands will tlock here to buy while these tremendous sacrifices are being made. No other event of the year offers such wonderful money-saving chances. READ AND PROFIT. Ten minutes of your time scanning this business announcement will save you many dollars, if you've money to spend. We mean that the Big Store shall be fearfully busy through January. Prices on everything have been cut to the core. Do not miss any of these great saving days. ' A Most Extraordinary Clearance of Dry Goods, Etc lABLfc-LINbN, 54 inches wide, full bleached, worth 39c; Clearing sale price, 35c. TABLE LINEN, as sorted patterns in half bleached, worth 50c; clearing sale price, 39c. TABLE SPREADS, turkey red damask, 10-4 size, nice quality Worth $1; clearing sale price, 7QC BED SPREADS, crocheted, marseilles patterns, worth 90c; clearing sale price, 69c LINEN CRASH, full bleached and all linen, worth 9c yard. Clearing sale price, SHIRTING PRINTS light patterns and good quality, worth 6; yard. Clearing sale price, 4c medium and dark pat terns, worth 6c yard. Clearing sale price, 3 I-4C HILL MUSLIN, the famous brand, f u 1 1 yard wide, now worth "8c yard. Clearing sale price, 6 3-4C. PERCALES, 28 inch mounting and silver percales, worth 7c yard; clearing sale price 5c. FLANNELS, all wool Honesdale, the best shirting made. Jonas calling out of iho burghers In time of war llko thu present. Under It every male Inhabitant of the state between sixteen anil sixty years of age is sub ject to call und conscription. The num ber now available by this law Is about 23,000 men. The holding of burgher re views Is provided for by ordinances. These wapenschouulng3 are held In every district in time of peace once In four years. They are held yearly In each ward or sub-district. Every man from eighteen to forty years of age must attend thes; encampments armed nnd mounted. The townsmen, are relieved from the necessity of par ading mounted. The government fur nishes each such burgher vith n rifle at actual cost ptlce. This cost equals about $21. 4. The act of 188!) established a mounted police. There are about 12.", men In this body who are under th direction of a commandant. Their principal duty Is to suppress thefts of stock and to see to tho proper admin istration of the states' pass laws. 5. There are drastic measures In re gard to Insolvency, the registration of deeds, municipalities and marriages. The last are virtual copies of similar1 acts In Cape Colony and Natal. G. Tho Orange Free Slate has a sort of Maine liquor law. It was passed In 1883. This statute absolutely prohibits the sale of alcoholic spirits of any kind to the tribesmen and to people of color generally. It prevents Its sale to any one except In town. There is no li cense granted for the sale of strong drink outside of municipalities. AN INTEItESTING HISTOUY. Though only &0.000 square miles In area, the size of an American state, this republic has a stirring history since the first white men peopled It In 1&35, sixty-five years ago. These set tlers were refugees from Cape Colony, hunting for a quiet, peaceful home north of the Urange river. Some of these emigrants founded the South Af rican republic, or Transvaal. These pioneer farmers found only bands of savage Bushmen and Korannas In the new country. They organized a sort of community band of maatschappl. In 1847, the Ilrltlsh governor of Capo Colony proclaimed all territory between tho Vaal and the Orange rivers as Brit ish country. A resident agent was then placed at Bloemfonteln. This state of sovereignty continued until 1854. In that year the continued trou bles with the Basutos and drlquas caused tho English government to re linquish the country north of the Or ange river. By the convention of Bloemfonteln, signed Feb. 23. 1854, thu country north of the orange river, known as Orange lllver territory, wui recognized as an Independent state. This convention freed the farmers from allegiance to the British crown: tho English government was to have no alliances With any of the tribal chiefs nurth of the Orange river, with the exception of' Adam Kok, the chief of the Grlquu tribe. The new government guaranteed the rights of the persons and property of British subjects teHl dent In that territory at that time. Ex tr dltlon was also provided for; courts of law were to be established, and slavery was not to be allowed, The Orange River territory was to have the right to purchase arms and muni tions In British South Africa. The volksraad adopted the Orange Free State constitution on April 10, 1854. It was based upon the constitu tion of the United States. This con. stltutlon gave any one living in thu territory six months beforo April 13 the right to vote for president and for members of tho legislature. The presi dent Is elected every Ave years by all of the enfranchished burghers. Th president's advisory council consists of the landdrost (magistrate) of the Bloemfonteln district, the government secretary or premier, and three unoffi cial members who aro elected to that service by the volksraad. The Roman Dutch law was made the common law of the lnnd. The courts follow this In the absence of specific statutory pro visions. Liberty of the press and freo. dom of speech aie guaranteed by the fundamental law. The constitution cannot be amended or repealed except by a three-fourths voto at each two annual sessions of tho legislature. Tho constitution of the country was re vised .and re-enacted on March 9, 1SG6, and again on May 8,,1R79. The change wero minor. From 18.14 until now th Orange Free State has been u republl. It has had eight presidents in that time, THE CALICOES, in Clearing sale price, per yard 31c. INDIGO BLUE prints, best quality and worth 6c. yard. Clearing sale price, 4 I-3C. OUTING FLAN This On Wednesday The Sale of Hurt Books. Perfect freedom in this book store to handle, to look and to read, During December many books became a thumb mark, a torn page, a blurred picture. These are termed 'hurt" we've culled them from our stock buy them Wednesday at a big discount. Even some of the new books are wounded and go into the hurt pile along with the old stand-bys that are in silk cloth and morocco. We'll particularize today watch the store news. During these forty-five years of Inde pendence the Orange Free State ha't experienced the foil owing events: There was a string of Basuto wars with spasms of peace from 1858 to 1868. After these ten years of tribal wars the republic triumphed. The Basutos had been so completely whipped that the British government at the earnest entreaty of Chief Mohesh, the para mount of the tribe, proclaimed tho unannexed part of Basutoland as Brit ish territory. In 1S71 the government of Queen Victoria annexed Grlqualand West, or the Diamond Fields, which was then nominally under the rule of "Waterboer, chief of the Grlqua tribe. The Free State demanded this country, having acquired It by cession and pur chnse from the oredeiossor of this chief. To settle this dispute Great Britain agieed to pay to the Free State $450,000 for a clear title to this land. 18S9 the Orange Free State formed Its customs union with Cape Colony. In the railway union tho Cape govern ment agreed to build a railway through tho Free State at Its own ex pense und risk at a certain sum per mile. The tariff of passengers and goods over this lino was to be mutual ly agreed upon. The Orange Free State had the option of taking over this railroad If It liked after Its completion at a stated sum per mile. The Cap government In tho meantime worked the lino nnd equally divided thu profits on It with the republic for seven years. This road was opened in July, 1892. Since then It hns produced an estimated annual profit of $$00,000. This Is due largely to the development of the gold mines In the South African republic. This line and Its feeders connect all tho harbors of Capo Colony with Pre toria and tho rich gold mines of Jo hannesburg which glisten so much In the British eye, and which nre tho In centive for tho present war In South Africa. There are two short lines In tho Free State In addition to this trunk line. One of these runs from the Or ange river at Bethulle to the main line at Sprlngfonteln. It connects the port of East London with the Central line. The other short lino connects the Na tal line, from Durban over Ladysmlth with Harrlsmlth. The people of the Free State, like those of the Transvual, are very simple and sincere In their dealings. In the country districts this simplicity Is of so Innocent a character that 11 stranger, even, who Is trusted und uccepted as worthy to be a guest, may even be al lowed to sleep In the same room with the single daughters of the family. For any violation of the sanctity or hospitality of the Boer home the cul prit will barely escape with his life. "Whllo under welcome the visitor Is treated like a son or a daughter. Thu Boers aro not an Immoral people. They nro n nlaln. pimple, severe but kind and ' hardy race. "An Infusion of Huguenot blood in tho burghers of tho I- reu btate makes them un active and enterpiislng community of sturdy yeomen. THE NINETY AND NINE. "Come In," to the new: and "Farewell" to th.- old, Ring out or ring off, iib may hap. Connect us vlth one nine naught naught; wo would hold A century's talk with the chap. Now linll to a cycle as yet unattached; Not plaited with figured dt-tlgu, But big with tho yeurs that aro soon to lie hutched Good-bye to old Ninety und Nine. My good 1 epilations, fietih born with last year. WhtTo are they? Where arc they? Ah, where? To bit, nor to play, nor to taste of tho beer; To spunl, nor to smoke, nor to swear. They have passed vltli thu months. With the century's sun They have set Jno'er to rise, I dlvir.e). And living today there Is never a one That wasted rid Ninety and Nine. Shall I start a new huidred with tccord as new? Shall I clean everything from my slate? Shall the ciphers betoken a life pure uiid true? Shall l virtues galore reinstate? Alas! for tho faults I have nurtured so for the foibles of mine Alas! for tho vices, too many to tell Oh, darling old Ninety nnd Nine! , Edwin L. Sabln In Leslie's Weekly. TWENTIETH OENTURY STORE. Sale NEL, in medium and dark grounds, worth 6c yard; clearing sale prfce, 3 i-ac. SCOTCH FLAN NELS in checks and stripes, )2 inch and lully shrunk, worth Morning from 8 Until 2,000 Yards of Best Quality Bleached isr.rzz .:::::::::. .:r. Only 10 yards to a customer. Worth I ong EARTH'S WORST SPASM. When Nature Juggled with Islands in the Straits of Sunda. From tho Tall Mall Gazette. It Is Just sixteen years elnce the most stupendous nnd appalling of all the convulsions of nature which have occurred either In ancient or In modern times took place. On August 27, 1883, nt 10 a. m the greater portion of tho Island of Krakatoa, In the Straits of Sunda, was destroyed, while two new Islands were created by volcanic uc tlon. We, In England, remember the fact mainly on account of the magni ficent sunsets which followed the event nnd were witnessed all over tho world. Theso sunsets, It Is now hardly neces sary to state, wero caused by the Im palpable dust nnd vapor partlclrc which had been ejected from Krakatoa to a height of twenty miles or more from the surface of the earth, and were still floating In the ppper air. The eruption caused a great seismic wave of tho sea, which overwhelmed the villages on tho neighboring shores and drowned upward of thirty thous and persons. The height of the crest of this wave has been variously esti mated, but at Telok Betong, In Suma tra, the water reached within six feet of the residency, which stands on a hill seventy-eight feet above the sea, nnd the Dutch man-of-war Berouw, anchored off the coast, was carried by the wave up tho valley nearly two mile.T inland, nnd was left high nnd dry more than thirty feet above the sea level. If a man wero to tell us that while wnlking down Piccadilly ho had heard an explosion which had taken place nt Guilford or any town situated some thirty miles away we should probably think that ho was under a misappre hension. But If he told us that he had heard one that occurred at Newcastle-on-Tyne, nt a distance of 300 miles, we should have no doubt as to the condi tion of his mind. It Is nevertheless a fact that the explosion of Krakatoa was heard not only 300 miles away, but also at a distance of 3,000 miles. It was heard In India, and It was heard In Australia, nnd also In the Island of Rodriguez, which Is about 2.96S miles from Krakatoa In a direct line. More over, the seismic wave of the sea re ferred to was noticed not only In South Africa, but also at Capo Horn, which is 7.500 miles distant from the Straits of Sunda. But perhaps the most ex traordinary of all the phenomena con nected with this cataclysm of nature wna the atmospheric disturbance or air wave produced by tho explosion. This nid wave. It Is stuted, went three times around the earth, and It has been remarked that "the character of this disturbance would seem almost Inci ed ible were it not for tho fact that It in attested by thu barograms of every irrpnt innti.firiitncrli'nT utntlnn ii tlm world's surface." From this the time of Its genesU could be easily calculated with tolerable exactitude. It Is given by Lieut. Gen. Strachey as two hours and fifty-six minute, Greenwich mean time, which In local time would correspond with 9.58 o'clock In tho morning of August 27. It may be mentioned that although the great explosion did not take place until 9.58 u. in., during the whole of tho preceding night a continuous roar, like the discharge of heavy canon or thunder, had been heard, so that the people In 'the towns nnd villages of Java and Sumatra wero terrified and did not dare to go to bed. Even on tho previous day, the 21th. the sky, wo aro told, "presented the most terrible appearance, fierce flushes of lightning penetiuting the dense masses of cloud over tho Island, clouds of black matter wero rushing across tho sky, rapidly occurring detonations wero heard con tinuously, and large pieces of pumlco quite warm rained down nt a distance of ten miles." It Is hardly u matter to bo wondered at, when we are told that at Carlmon, Java, 355 miles distant, native boats wero dispatched to assist an Imaginary vessel In distress, nnd nt Achern, 1.073 miles dplstance, It was supposed that a fort was being attacked, and tho troops wero put under urms, Tho re sult of the eruption was that the whole northern part of tho Island, seven square miles In extent, was completely blown away, nnd where there was for merly dry lands there are now sound ings of ninety fathoms und In aomo parts 160 fathoms or more. Moreover, Is On 30c; clearing price aic yam. price, Clearing KID CAMBRICS, very best quality and worth 6c yard. Clear ing sale price, 3 i-c. SILESIAS and Per calirirs in fast black and grey, worth 13c 8 3-4C MOREEN SKIRT ING, in many pretty colors, never sold under 25c; clearing sale price, 19c. WAIST LINING, in fine quality and light figured designs, worth 25c yard ; clear ing sale price, lajc. SKIRT PATTERNS, of fine flannelette, embroidered edges, worth 39c; clearing sale price, 21c. M 10 Only. 11 cents 12 a yam 5c and 6c yard. 12 J WHEN YOU READ OUR SEMI-ANNUAL OMBBKairaBHHHBKI ' Sons 3 Hats, Hosiery, Underwear, Shirts, Night Robes, Pajamas, Etc. HATS Choice of any hat in our window, former prices $2, $3 and $4 $1.00 UNDERWEAR Heavy colored Balbrig- vjan, former price 50c 39C Natural Wool and Camel's - Hair, former price $1.00... 5UC Colored Wool Ribbed, former price $1.25 75C Imported Heavy Balbrig- gans, former price $1,50.. . 95C Natural Wool and Fancy Import ed Wools at greatly reduced prices. Union Suits below cost of manu facture. HOSIERY A large assortment of plain and lancy Hosiery reduced 15c to Two for 25c. BIQ REDUCTIONS IN ALL DEPARTMENTS. COME AND BE CON VINCED. WE ADVERTISE NOTHINO BUT FACTS. LOUIS H. ISAACS, the bod of tho sea some live or six miles to tho north appears to have been raised many fathoms. It Is un necessary to point out how stupcndoiiH must have been the force generated under Krakatoa at the time of this eruption, seeing that it was able to lift millions of tons, nnd sent up a stream of pumlco nnd vapory particles to a height of twenty miles above the surface of the earth. We aro natural ly led to Inquire what was thUi force nnd how was It generated. Tho primary source from which pro-ceed.-t tho energy which produces vol canlo action is unquestionably the In ternal hent of the earth. At the ba3e of the crater of a volcano Is the top or commencement of the channel or passngs whereby communication is J maintained with thu heated Interior, and when water from tho sea or from tho underground springs percolate- through the ground and finds Its way down to this channel and to the hot molten rocks below It at once generates steam, nnd those of us who have been unfortunate enough to have had a kit chen boiler burst know something of the explosive power of steam, even In small quantities. Ilut the following observations with reference to this subject will give our leaders u clear perception of tho subsequent stuges of an eruption when sea or other water reaches the heated rocks below a vol cano: "The water (mblnes with the ma terial of the rock, and by this combi nation the melting point or thu rock Is reduced; It only requires the subjec tion of the hydratcd compound to such heat as would be supplied bj the anhy drous lavas In u fluid condition to dis engage steam and other gases In enor mous quantities nnd to produce out bursts proportionate to the pressure and tho strength of the inclosing walls. If, whllo this process Is going on, water In largo quantities gains access to the surface of tho heated mass, solidifica tion might tako place and tho escape of gases through the ci liter would be temporarily checked, When at last the accumulated force bursts tho new ly formed crust, this nnd other obsta cles would bo speelily removed by tho tremendous violence of tho blast, ar'd tho sides of the crater might either be blown nwny or fall Into thseethlng lavn. Such appeal u to have been tho working of the final and self-destruu-tlvo eruption of Krakatoa." It Is to be regretted that tho report of tho committee appointed by the Iloyal society to Inquire Into this erup- JONAS. LONG'S SONS. f. .. i sale GREY BLANKETS, nice quality, good weight, 10-4 size, worth 65c. Clearing sale price, 44c STABLE BLANK ETS, good heavy quality, and never sold under $1,25. clearing sale price, 98c. STREET BLANK ETS, large size, , 84 90, almost square, worth $2; Clearing sate price, $1.49. ALL WOOL BLAN KETS at very big re ductions from former prices during the clearing sale, as fol lows: The $5 kind at $4. The $5.50 kind at $4.50. The $6.50 kind at $5.50. The $9.00 kind at $750 soiled and you dressed ADS., YOU READ FACTS. CLEARING SALE. SHIRTS All $1.50 and $2.00 col- 4 e ored Shirts, reduced to. . . 1 ,25 All S1.00 colored Shirts, reduced to Special $1.00 white Shirts, reduced to 75c 75c NIGHT ROBES FlannelNight tr Robes, reduced to.. 3t"- 75c Muslin Robes 48c PAJAMAS Flannel Pajamas, former price 1.50 and $2.00 SUSPENDERS 95c high-grade bus- iip penders, reduced to C 39c and Try our special Collars, all modern shapes, 10c. Better than any 15c Collar in town. Successor to BR0NS0N TALLMAN 412 Spruce Street. tlon of Krakatoa and the subsequent phenomena Is a quarto volume of such vast and Inordinate magnitude that It can hardly be recommended to any one for perusal unless ho comes of a family noted for longevity and can begin It In early life. Seriously, it would have been of more value and of far greater service If It could have boon reduced to a volume of tho size of Uacon'H "Es says" or Plato's "Hepubllc," but writ ers and publishers of tho present day seem to imagine that the Importance of their works Is chiefly Indicated by their cubic capacity. NOT MEANT SEEIOUSLY. That's What They Call It. "Papa, what In luoiid-nilmlcdiirss?' "Agreeing with hi'iiiMrong peupln when you know tlu-y nro wrung." Chicago Timi's-JIcinlil. Literary Note. ' Tom IVi-'iisus-l flatter myself that thl I'li'm will nnvt with' your- npprovu!. Kdltor Vt.s; .you Matter yourself. Titin many Times , , . . . Internally Speaking. "You appear to be eyolng th.it fowl -siihPlcloiiHly, Mr. Itlvir," sulil the groin-. "Don't you like tho, cut of Its Jlir.'-' "I don't like tho cut of Its gIMcts;""re ' piled Hlvcrs. Chicago Tribune. ' Definition. "I'.ipn, what Is a Vjict-iallsf." ' ".My son, ho is a gentleman who has ilh coveted in which lint of his practicq his inlstukes nro least likely to bo found out nrul exposed." Washington Star, " An Easy Cue. "I mIkIi I knew how to net when t meet 11 baby. 1 always feci like a fool." "All you have to do Is to act the way you fcol," Collier's Weekly. 1 The Kentucky Situation. "It must he trrrlblo to havo war and not be ready for It." "I don't know. It must bo moro ter- rlblo to get leaily for wur und then not have It." Indianapolis Journal. Not a Reckless Performance. "I've been i-hopplng every day this ' i-f-k," "Then vou must bo ready for winter now, Mrs. .Mlggs." ( "N'o: one day I bought a pair of shoes, and tho other five days I bought u ht." Clilnigb llocord.i, .''.., j, i ,01 I, " 1 (
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers