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I'liJU SUKAiYLOiN TtfllJUJNlfl-
TLESDAr, JANUARY 9, 1900,
FACTS ABOUT THE
ORANGE FREE STATE
CHARACTER OF PEOPLE AMD OF
RESOURCES.
Stock Raising, Diamond Mining and
Agriculture Its Chief Industries.
Granary of the Boers Government,
Laws and Education in the Free
State Its History.
From the New Yolk Sun.
The Orange Free State !h bounded on
tho south by the Orange river, which
divides It from Cupc Colony, a British
South African colony. On the north It
la scpnrnted from Its sister republic,
the Transvaal, by tho Vaal river. Ila
sutoland unci tho range of the IJrukens
borg (Dragon mountains) divide It from
Natal on the east. On the west It Is
bounded by Orlqualnnd West, which is
better known us the Diamond Fields, a
recently-purchased British possession.
This little republic has nil urea of
about liO.OOO square miles. It Is an ele
vated table land 4,000 feet above the
sea level, nnd Is 400 mllea long by 200
miles wide, running north nnd south.
Tho present population of the country
Is estimated by Its government at
about 93.000 whites and 110,000 iatlvcs
of the Basuto and Barolong tribes.
Bloemfonteln, which Is "GO miles north
of Table Bay. 150 miles north of Port
Elizabeth, and 400 north of Kast Lon
don, Is the capital. Tho only mountain
ranges In the Orange Free State are
the Stall mountains In tho eastern por
tion of the republic. From the Drak
ensberg the country slopes gradually
to the Vaal river on the northern and
"'western boundaries. The southern part
of thu Free Statu is dotted with de
tached kopjesor Individual hills. Other
wise the Interior Is an undulating
prairie or prairies, formerly covered
with coarse grass. This Is changed in
the south to n scrubby brush or copse,
which Is excellent grazing for sheep, .1
sweeter grass supplanting the sour or
coarser grasses In places. The Orange
Free Statu Is not a forest country. It
Is virtually treeless. The species of
forest now found on tho hill sides and
In tho moist valleys of the rivers Is a
scant scrub of mimosa thorn, the wild
olive, the willow, and the camel thorn,
which Is a species of wild acacia.
A I'ASTOItAt, COUNTRY.
The principal lands arc best adapted
to pastoral purposes, though there Is a
30xl00-m!l strip of soil on the Basu
toland border considered to be second
to none In the world for grain produc
ing purposes. The pursuits of the peo
ple; being principally stock raising and
grain growing, the burghers have leis
ure for war. Thu strip noted above
produces, without Irrigation or fertil
izing, nnd after planting for nearly
forty consecutive years, from thirty
to eighty bushels to tho acre. This
fertile strip of land Is known as th-
Conquered Territory. It was tnken
from the Basutos about 18."!. This lit
tle belt of land Is the granary of tho
Orange Free Stnte and of the Trans
vaal. In this belt of country, thirty
miles wide by ion miles long, are
grown wheat, oats, barley, maine and
Ktitllr corn. It also curries large herds
of cattle. horses, sheep, nngora goata
unci ostriches. Pears, applet;, peaches
and grapes are likewise grown to a
large extent. This Is the Boer base of
supplies, nnd the mountains which faeo
South Africa are depended upon with
Boer endurance nnd Boer strategy to
hold these fields Inviolate to the homes
of tho twin republics of the same
lilood.
Diamonds are extensively mined on
the fields of Jagerfonteln, where the
famous 000 carat Jagersfonteln TCxcel
slor was found, on May 20, 1893, which
Is In the southwestern part of the re
public. The Importance of these mines
can bo seen when It Is known that the
diamond output of the Jagerfonteln
field for January was lR.lS? carats,
valued at $1",0,000, while that for Koffy
fonteln for tho same period was 1,G(M
carats, valued at $11,000. This Is part
of the contemplated war prize In tho
present conflict.
LOCAL ClOVEUXMENT.
The Inhabitants of the Orange Frco
State are, like the Boers of the Trans
vaal, a peaceful, educated and well
governed people. The country Is di
vided Into nineteen districts, each one
of which is presided over by a land
drost. or magistrate. Each of these
magisterial districts Is again sub
divided into one, two or more wards,
according to Its size or Importance.
Each of these wards sends a member
to the Volksraad, or Legislature. In
addition to this each town also senda
a member to the volksraad. To this
legislature the people delegate the gov
ernment of the country. She presi
dent, who Is the responsible head of
tho executive department, is advised
by an executive council and by tho
high court, which Is composed of a
chief justice and two puisne judges.
The government obtains about $2,
000,000 annually from the revenue of
the state to meet the expenditures. This
revenue Is mainly derived from tho
following sources : Quit-rent on furms.
nt the rate of 48 cents for each 100
morgen, or 200 acres; transfer dues on
immovable or fixed property, nt the
rato of 4 per cent.: n 2 per cent, rate
on movables, that Is. all goods sold by
miction; a hut or capitation tax of
$2.50 a head on natives. From the cus
tom house there is received about $60j,
000 a year. This is obtained from a 32
per cent, ad vnlorum levy on all over
sea gooda crossing the border. These
dues are, by virtue of a treaty wltlt
tho Cape Colony government, levied on
the Natal border by Orange Free State
officers In accordance with tho pro
visions of tho custonii union existing
between tho Cape governnvnt and tho
Free State. The former retains 3 per
cent, of the 12 per cent, duty levied to
recoup Itself for the expense of collect-
Try Crain-O !
Try Crain-O!
Ask your Orocer tolay to show
you a package of ORAIN-O, the new
food drink that takes the place of
coffee.
Tho cnlldren may drink it without
injury as will a tho adult. All who
try it, like it. GRAIN-0 has that
rich seal brown of Mocha or Java,
but it is mado from pure grains, and
the most delicate stomach receives it
without distress. the price of coffee.
15 cents and 25 cents per package.
Sold by all grocers.
Taste Ilk Coffee
Leeks like Coffee
IntUt that your newer glietjoa ORAIN-O
Accept bo Imitation.
Iwr these customs due for tho repub
lic. The Orange Free State expends
nbout $150,000 annually on roads. 1300,
000 on bridges, nnd large sums for so
small n country, on public Ijulldlrigs.
In fact, nearly one-thlid of thu entire
revenue of thp stnte Is nbsorbed by
educational grants and public works.
This would be n very fine showing for
countrlet outside of Africa.
SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION.
The government of this Boer statu
Is very careful about (ho education of
the children of the land. For this pur
pose a permanent fund of $1,000,000 Is
set aside. The educatlonnl department
Is a very thorough one. This depart
ment Is under n superintendent who
has a corps of Inspectors nnd sub-Inspectors.
There are now about eighty
fine government schools, with a stalf
of 10 teachers. These schools are ex
clusive of private and non-aided
schools, such ns those which arc main
tained by the Catholics, the Anglicans,
and other religious denominations. The
government schools are of three kinds,
viz.: town, part and peripatetic schools.
To teach them the Instructors are di
vided Into first, second and third class,
according to the grade of their certifi
cates from the board of state examin
ers. Tills board is composed of nine
members who nre appointed by tho
president of the Republic. This board
has wide powers. It can grant certifi
cates of proficiency In law, surveying
and in science and literature generally.
Tho only higher education schools sup
ported by the state ore Dames Insti
tute (ladles' seminary) and Grey col
lege, jioth of which are at Bloemfon
teln. In these Institutions the students
desiring a university education mtist,
therefore, go to the South African col
lege, at Cape Town, or to Victoria col
lege, at Stellenbosch.
The great majority of the citizens of
the Orange Free State arc, from the
circumstances of their Dutch origin,
members of tho Dutch Itcformed
church. This Is th established church
of the land.. There. Is a congregation
In nearly every little village of the
country. The government annually
contributes about $40,000 to the sup
port of this religious sect. It is paid
Into the church synod to bo used as
that body deems fit. This synod meets
every other year In the month of May
at Bloemfonteln, the cnpltaV It Is
composed of the pastor and a lay mem
ber of each congregation. The follow
ing denominations also have churches,
in the Orange Free Stnte: The Epis
copalians, Lutherans, Catholics, Metho
dlsts, Baptists and Presbyterlan3.
Their Individual memberships arc
small. The Episcopal church has a
respectable following: at Bloemfonteln
it has several school buildings. Among
them nre St. Andrews' college for boy,
and St. Michael's Home for girls. The
Separatist Dutch church also has sev
eral Important congregations In tho
country. The Dutch Reformed church
has a mission established at Wltzle
shoek. Tho Berlin Mission society has
Important missions nt Bethany Ma
boeia (in the Ladybrand district) and
other places.
CLIMATE.
The climate of the Orange Free State
Is dryer and colder than that of Its
neighbors. This Is due to its altitude
nnd inland position. It is, therefore,
healthful for weak lungs. Its dry sea
son Is in tho winter time, but its peri
ods of rain, and moisture are uncertain.
The high elevation Is affected by the
evaporation of tho lower countries,
which drifts up into the Wittebergon
(White mountains), Roodebergen (Red
mountains), and the Drakensberg.where
It condenses and frequently floods the
streams, causing them to run bankers
ten to twenty feet above their normal
watermark. The last-named peaks rise
to 11,000 feet, and are popularly called
Monts aux Sources or mounts of source.?
from the number of streams which rls?
in them. In the winter time the rivers
are shallow. Some of them hardly flow.
They degenerate Into what are called
pans (sea cow or hippopotamus water
holes), which have drifts or fords her.!
and there. This Is due to the dryness
of the season. In tho summer these
water courses are dangerously swollen,
often rising in a single night from ten
to twenty feet above their normal level.
The pans or peculiar circular water
basins found In the mlddleveldl, or
water-Bhed territory between any two
livers, are sometimes salt or brackish.
These mlddleveldt pans are numerous
In the Bloemfonteln, Jacobsdal, Fauro
smlth and Boshof districts. One of
these depressions, the Hagans-Pan, Is
worked by a large salt company, which
exports Its product to Johannesburg.
This salt, according to Prof. Halm's
analysis, Is the best In the world. Tho
pan from which It is taken is about
two miles across. It Is located about
twenty-six miles from Bloemfonteln.
The salt from it is made after this
fashion: A trench eight or ten feet
deep Is made in the pan. The brine
percolates into this trench, from which
it Is subsequently pumped up on a
huge buck or tent rails. Here the water
evaporates and the salt sediment is left
deposited on the soil surface.
While the rivers of the Orange Free
State nre not navigable, they nre well
stocked with fish, some of which are
peculiar to them. Tho barber (Clarlus
capensls) Is only found In the Orange
river and Its tributaries. This fish is
as long as seven feet. It has very few
bones, and no scales. The barber has
a large and ungainly head with eight
cirri-feelers on the lower Up. The yel
lowish is found In all the Free Statu
waters. It sometimes weighs us much
as twenty pounds. Among the more
Important of the other, fish nre the
whlteflsb, calveshead and the under
mouth. Tho Iguana and the river turtle
also abound. The Free State Is not
notable for fierce or dangerous wild
animals. Tho chief animals are ante
lopes, wildebests, olesboks, nnteaters,
wildcats, mlercats, .porcupines, hedge
hogs, jackals, hyenas, wild dogs (the
three last being almost extinct), and
armadillos.
LAWS.
The principal enactments of the
codified statutes which have been
passed as one net are:
1. The establishment of high nnd low
courts for the trial of causes. The
high court consists of a chief justice
and two asoclates. This tribunal sits
In civil uctions for th'J Bloemfonteln
district. It decides appeals civil and
criminal from other district courts.
There nre also circuit courts, presided
over by one Judge, for tho hearing of
civil cases, nnd of criminal cases with
a Jury of nlno men. There nre like
wise the landdrost and heeniraden
courts. The bench in these courts Is
occupied by the landdrost or magis
trate of tho district and two of the
district assessors. The lower court of
limited jurisdiction Is presided oven
by the magistrate Infetlor to the lund
drost. There Is also a special justlcu
of the peace who has limited criminal
Jurisdiction.
2. By on act of tho volksraad, in 1831,
tho Dutch language was made the of
flclnl language of the Orange Frej
State.
3. Th oomnsando law regulates tho
JONAS LONG)' a SON 9.
The Clearing
Thousands upon thousands will tlock here to buy while these tremendous sacrifices are being made. No other event of the year offers
such wonderful money-saving chances. READ AND PROFIT. Ten minutes of your time scanning this business announcement
will save you many dollars, if you've money to spend. We mean that the Big Store shall be fearfully busy through January. Prices on everything
have been cut to the core. Do not miss any of these great saving days. '
A Most Extraordinary Clearance of Dry Goods, Etc
lABLfc-LINbN, 54
inches wide, full
bleached, worth 39c;
Clearing sale price,
35c.
TABLE LINEN, as
sorted patterns in half
bleached, worth 50c;
clearing sale price,
39c.
TABLE SPREADS,
turkey red damask,
10-4 size, nice quality
Worth $1; clearing
sale price, 7QC
BED SPREADS,
crocheted, marseilles
patterns, worth 90c;
clearing sale price, 69c
LINEN CRASH,
full bleached and all
linen, worth 9c yard.
Clearing sale price,
SHIRTING PRINTS
light patterns and
good quality, worth
6; yard. Clearing sale
price, 4c
medium and dark pat
terns, worth 6c yard.
Clearing sale price,
3 I-4C
HILL MUSLIN, the
famous brand, f u 1 1
yard wide, now worth
"8c yard. Clearing sale
price, 6 3-4C.
PERCALES, 28
inch mounting and
silver percales, worth
7c yard; clearing sale
price 5c.
FLANNELS, all
wool Honesdale, the
best shirting made.
Jonas
calling out of iho burghers In time of
war llko thu present. Under It every
male Inhabitant of the state between
sixteen anil sixty years of age is sub
ject to call und conscription. The num
ber now available by this law Is about
23,000 men. The holding of burgher re
views Is provided for by ordinances.
These wapenschouulng3 are held In
every district in time of peace once
In four years. They are held yearly
In each ward or sub-district. Every
man from eighteen to forty years of
age must attend thes; encampments
armed nnd mounted. The townsmen,
are relieved from the necessity of par
ading mounted. The government fur
nishes each such burgher vith n rifle
at actual cost ptlce. This cost equals
about $21.
4. The act of 188!) established a
mounted police. There are about 12.",
men In this body who are under th
direction of a commandant. Their
principal duty Is to suppress thefts of
stock and to see to tho proper admin
istration of the states' pass laws.
5. There are drastic measures In re
gard to Insolvency, the registration of
deeds, municipalities and marriages.
The last are virtual copies of similar1
acts In Cape Colony and Natal.
G. Tho Orange Free Slate has a sort
of Maine liquor law. It was passed In
1883. This statute absolutely prohibits
the sale of alcoholic spirits of any kind
to the tribesmen and to people of color
generally. It prevents Its sale to any
one except In town. There is no li
cense granted for the sale of strong
drink outside of municipalities.
AN INTEItESTING HISTOUY.
Though only &0.000 square miles In
area, the size of an American state,
this republic has a stirring history
since the first white men peopled It In
1&35, sixty-five years ago. These set
tlers were refugees from Cape Colony,
hunting for a quiet, peaceful home
north of the Urange river. Some of
these emigrants founded the South Af
rican republic, or Transvaal. These
pioneer farmers found only bands of
savage Bushmen and Korannas In the
new country. They organized a sort
of community band of maatschappl.
In 1847, the Ilrltlsh governor of Capo
Colony proclaimed all territory between
tho Vaal and the Orange rivers as Brit
ish country. A resident agent was
then placed at Bloemfonteln. This
state of sovereignty continued until
1854. In that year the continued trou
bles with the Basutos and drlquas
caused tho English government to re
linquish the country north of the Or
ange river. By the convention of
Bloemfonteln, signed Feb. 23. 1854, thu
country north of the orange river,
known as Orange lllver territory, wui
recognized as an Independent state.
This convention freed the farmers from
allegiance to the British crown: tho
English government was to have no
alliances With any of the tribal chiefs
nurth of the Orange river, with the
exception of' Adam Kok, the chief of
the Grlquu tribe. The new government
guaranteed the rights of the persons
and property of British subjects teHl
dent In that territory at that time. Ex
tr dltlon was also provided for; courts
of law were to be established, and
slavery was not to be allowed, The
Orange River territory was to have
the right to purchase arms and muni
tions In British South Africa.
The volksraad adopted the Orange
Free State constitution on April 10,
1854. It was based upon the constitu
tion of the United States. This con.
stltutlon gave any one living in thu
territory six months beforo April 13
the right to vote for president and for
members of tho legislature. The presi
dent Is elected every Ave years by all
of the enfranchished burghers. Th
president's advisory council consists of
the landdrost (magistrate) of the
Bloemfonteln district, the government
secretary or premier, and three unoffi
cial members who aro elected to that
service by the volksraad. The Roman
Dutch law was made the common law
of the lnnd. The courts follow this In
the absence of specific statutory pro
visions. Liberty of the press and freo.
dom of speech aie guaranteed by the
fundamental law. The constitution
cannot be amended or repealed except
by a three-fourths voto at each two
annual sessions of tho legislature. Tho
constitution of the country was re
vised .and re-enacted on March 9, 1SG6,
and again on May 8,,1R79. The change
wero minor. From 18.14 until now th
Orange Free State has been u republl.
It has had eight presidents in that time,
THE
CALICOES, in
Clearing sale price,
per yard 31c.
INDIGO BLUE
prints, best quality
and worth 6c. yard.
Clearing sale price,
4 I-3C.
OUTING FLAN
This
On Wednesday The Sale of Hurt Books.
Perfect freedom in this book store to handle, to look and to read, During December many books became
a thumb mark, a torn page, a blurred picture. These are termed 'hurt" we've culled them from our stock
buy them Wednesday at a big discount.
Even some of the new books are wounded and go into the hurt pile along with the old stand-bys that are
in silk cloth and morocco.
We'll particularize today watch the store news.
During these forty-five years of Inde
pendence the Orange Free State ha't
experienced the foil owing events:
There was a string of Basuto wars
with spasms of peace from 1858 to 1868.
After these ten years of tribal wars
the republic triumphed. The Basutos
had been so completely whipped that
the British government at the earnest
entreaty of Chief Mohesh, the para
mount of the tribe, proclaimed tho
unannexed part of Basutoland as Brit
ish territory. In 1S71 the government
of Queen Victoria annexed Grlqualand
West, or the Diamond Fields, which
was then nominally under the rule of
"Waterboer, chief of the Grlqua tribe.
The Free State demanded this country,
having acquired It by cession and pur
chnse from the oredeiossor of this
chief. To settle this dispute Great
Britain agieed to pay to the Free State
$450,000 for a clear title to this land.
18S9 the Orange Free State formed Its
customs union with Cape Colony. In
the railway union tho Cape govern
ment agreed to build a railway
through tho Free State at Its own ex
pense und risk at a certain sum per
mile. The tariff of passengers and
goods over this lino was to be mutual
ly agreed upon. The Orange Free
State had the option of taking over this
railroad If It liked after Its completion
at a stated sum per mile. The Cap
government In tho meantime worked
the lino nnd equally divided thu profits
on It with the republic for seven years.
This road was opened in July, 1892.
Since then It hns produced an estimated
annual profit of $$00,000. This Is due
largely to the development of the gold
mines In the South African republic.
This line and Its feeders connect all
tho harbors of Capo Colony with Pre
toria and tho rich gold mines of Jo
hannesburg which glisten so much In
the British eye, and which nre tho In
centive for tho present war In South
Africa. There are two short lines In
tho Free State In addition to this trunk
line. One of these runs from the Or
ange river at Bethulle to the main line
at Sprlngfonteln. It connects the port
of East London with the Central line.
The other short lino connects the Na
tal line, from Durban over Ladysmlth
with Harrlsmlth.
The people of the Free State, like
those of the Transvual, are very simple
and sincere In their dealings. In the
country districts this simplicity Is of so
Innocent a character that 11 stranger,
even, who Is trusted und uccepted as
worthy to be a guest, may even be al
lowed to sleep In the same room with
the single daughters of the family.
For any violation of the sanctity or
hospitality of the Boer home the cul
prit will barely escape with his life.
"Whllo under welcome the visitor Is
treated like a son or a daughter. Thu
Boers aro not an Immoral people. They
nro n nlaln. pimple, severe but kind and
' hardy race. "An Infusion of Huguenot
blood in tho burghers of tho I- reu btate
makes them un active and enterpiislng
community of sturdy yeomen.
THE NINETY AND NINE.
"Come In," to the new: and "Farewell"
to th.- old,
Ring out or ring off, iib may hap.
Connect us vlth one nine naught naught;
wo would hold
A century's talk with the chap.
Now linll to a cycle as yet unattached;
Not plaited with figured dt-tlgu,
But big with tho yeurs that aro soon to
lie hutched
Good-bye to old Ninety und Nine.
My good 1 epilations, fietih born with last
year.
WhtTo are they? Where arc they? Ah,
where?
To bit, nor to play, nor to taste of tho
beer;
To spunl, nor to smoke, nor to swear.
They have passed vltli thu months.
With the century's sun
They have set Jno'er to rise, I dlvir.e).
And living today there Is never a one
That wasted rid Ninety and Nine.
Shall I start a new huidred with tccord
as new?
Shall I clean everything from my slate?
Shall the ciphers betoken a life pure uiid
true?
Shall l virtues galore reinstate?
Alas! for tho faults I have nurtured so
for the foibles of mine
Alas! for tho vices, too many to tell
Oh, darling old Ninety nnd Nine! ,
Edwin L. Sabln In Leslie's Weekly.
TWENTIETH OENTURY STORE.
Sale
NEL, in medium and
dark grounds, worth
6c yard; clearing sale
prfce, 3 i-ac.
SCOTCH FLAN
NELS in checks and
stripes, )2 inch and
lully shrunk, worth
Morning from 8 Until
2,000 Yards of Best Quality Bleached
isr.rzz .:::::::::. .:r.
Only 10 yards to a customer. Worth
I ong
EARTH'S WORST SPASM.
When Nature Juggled with Islands
in the Straits of Sunda.
From tho Tall Mall Gazette.
It Is Just sixteen years elnce the
most stupendous nnd appalling of all
the convulsions of nature which have
occurred either In ancient or In modern
times took place. On August 27, 1883,
nt 10 a. m the greater portion of tho
Island of Krakatoa, In the Straits of
Sunda, was destroyed, while two new
Islands were created by volcanic uc
tlon. We, In England, remember the
fact mainly on account of the magni
ficent sunsets which followed the event
nnd were witnessed all over tho world.
Theso sunsets, It Is now hardly neces
sary to state, wero caused by the Im
palpable dust nnd vapor partlclrc
which had been ejected from Krakatoa
to a height of twenty miles or more
from the surface of the earth, and
were still floating In the ppper air.
The eruption caused a great seismic
wave of tho sea, which overwhelmed
the villages on tho neighboring shores
and drowned upward of thirty thous
and persons. The height of the crest
of this wave has been variously esti
mated, but at Telok Betong, In Suma
tra, the water reached within six feet
of the residency, which stands on a
hill seventy-eight feet above the sea,
nnd the Dutch man-of-war Berouw,
anchored off the coast, was carried by
the wave up tho valley nearly two
mile.T inland, nnd was left high nnd
dry more than thirty feet above the
sea level.
If a man wero to tell us that while
wnlking down Piccadilly ho had heard
an explosion which had taken place nt
Guilford or any town situated some
thirty miles away we should probably
think that ho was under a misappre
hension. But If he told us that he had
heard one that occurred at Newcastle-on-Tyne,
nt a distance of 300 miles, we
should have no doubt as to the condi
tion of his mind. It Is nevertheless a
fact that the explosion of Krakatoa
was heard not only 300 miles away,
but also at a distance of 3,000 miles.
It was heard In India, and It was heard
In Australia, nnd also In the Island
of Rodriguez, which Is about 2.96S miles
from Krakatoa In a direct line. More
over, the seismic wave of the sea re
ferred to was noticed not only In South
Africa, but also at Capo Horn, which
is 7.500 miles distant from the Straits
of Sunda. But perhaps the most ex
traordinary of all the phenomena con
nected with this cataclysm of nature
wna the atmospheric disturbance or
air wave produced by tho explosion.
This nid wave. It Is stuted, went three
times around the earth, and It has been
remarked that "the character of this
disturbance would seem almost Inci ed
ible were it not for tho fact that It in
attested by thu barograms of every
irrpnt innti.firiitncrli'nT utntlnn ii tlm
world's surface." From this
the time of Its genesU could be easily
calculated with tolerable exactitude.
It Is given by Lieut. Gen. Strachey as
two hours and fifty-six minute,
Greenwich mean time, which In local
time would correspond with 9.58 o'clock
In tho morning of August 27.
It may be mentioned that although
the great explosion did not take place
until 9.58 u. in., during the whole of
tho preceding night a continuous roar,
like the discharge of heavy canon or
thunder, had been heard, so that the
people In 'the towns nnd villages of
Java and Sumatra wero terrified and
did not dare to go to bed. Even on
tho previous day, the 21th. the sky, wo
aro told, "presented the most terrible
appearance, fierce flushes of lightning
penetiuting the dense masses of cloud
over tho Island, clouds of black matter
wero rushing across tho sky, rapidly
occurring detonations wero heard con
tinuously, and large pieces of pumlco
quite warm rained down nt a distance
of ten miles."
It Is hardly u matter to bo wondered
at, when we are told that at Carlmon,
Java, 355 miles distant, native boats
wero dispatched to assist an Imaginary
vessel In distress, nnd nt Achern, 1.073
miles dplstance, It was supposed that
a fort was being attacked, and tho
troops wero put under urms, Tho re
sult of the eruption was that the whole
northern part of tho Island, seven
square miles In extent, was completely
blown away, nnd where there was for
merly dry lands there are now sound
ings of ninety fathoms und In aomo
parts 160 fathoms or more. Moreover,
Is On
30c; clearing price aic
yam.
price,
Clearing
KID CAMBRICS,
very best quality and
worth 6c yard. Clear
ing sale price, 3 i-c.
SILESIAS and Per
calirirs in fast black
and grey, worth 13c
8 3-4C
MOREEN SKIRT
ING, in many pretty
colors, never sold
under 25c; clearing
sale price, 19c.
WAIST LINING,
in fine quality and
light figured designs,
worth 25c yard ; clear
ing sale price, lajc.
SKIRT PATTERNS,
of fine flannelette,
embroidered edges,
worth 39c; clearing
sale price, 21c.
M
10 Only.
11 cents
12 a yam
5c and 6c yard.
12
J
WHEN YOU READ OUR
SEMI-ANNUAL
OMBBKairaBHHHBKI '
Sons
3
Hats, Hosiery, Underwear,
Shirts, Night Robes, Pajamas, Etc.
HATS
Choice of any hat in our window,
former prices $2, $3 and
$4 $1.00
UNDERWEAR
Heavy colored Balbrig-
vjan, former price 50c 39C
Natural Wool and Camel's -
Hair, former price $1.00... 5UC
Colored Wool Ribbed,
former price $1.25 75C
Imported Heavy Balbrig-
gans, former price $1,50.. . 95C
Natural Wool and Fancy Import
ed Wools at greatly reduced prices.
Union Suits below cost of manu
facture. HOSIERY
A large assortment of plain and
lancy Hosiery reduced
15c
to
Two for 25c.
BIQ REDUCTIONS IN ALL DEPARTMENTS. COME AND BE CON
VINCED. WE ADVERTISE NOTHINO BUT FACTS.
LOUIS H. ISAACS,
the bod of tho sea some live or six
miles to tho north appears to have
been raised many fathoms. It Is un
necessary to point out how stupcndoiiH
must have been the force generated
under Krakatoa at the time of this
eruption, seeing that it was able to
lift millions of tons, nnd sent up a
stream of pumlco nnd vapory particles
to a height of twenty miles above the
surface of the earth. We aro natural
ly led to Inquire what was thUi force
nnd how was It generated.
Tho primary source from which pro-ceed.-t
tho energy which produces vol
canlo action is unquestionably the In
ternal hent of the earth. At the ba3e
of the crater of a volcano Is the top
or commencement of the channel or
passngs whereby communication is
J maintained with thu heated Interior,
and when water from tho sea or from
tho underground springs percolate-
through the ground and finds Its way
down to this channel and to the hot
molten rocks below It at once generates
steam, nnd those of us who have been
unfortunate enough to have had a kit
chen boiler burst know something of
the explosive power of steam, even In
small quantities. Ilut the following
observations with reference to this
subject will give our leaders u clear
perception of tho subsequent stuges of
an eruption when sea or other water
reaches the heated rocks below a vol
cano: "The water (mblnes with the ma
terial of the rock, and by this combi
nation the melting point or thu rock Is
reduced; It only requires the subjec
tion of the hydratcd compound to such
heat as would be supplied bj the anhy
drous lavas In u fluid condition to dis
engage steam and other gases In enor
mous quantities nnd to produce out
bursts proportionate to the pressure
and tho strength of the inclosing walls.
If, whllo this process Is going on, water
In largo quantities gains access to the
surface of tho heated mass, solidifica
tion might tako place and tho escape
of gases through the ci liter would be
temporarily checked, When at last
the accumulated force bursts tho new
ly formed crust, this nnd other obsta
cles would bo speelily removed by tho
tremendous violence of tho blast, ar'd
tho sides of the crater might either be
blown nwny or fall Into thseethlng
lavn. Such appeal u to have been tho
working of the final and self-destruu-tlvo
eruption of Krakatoa."
It Is to be regretted that tho report
of tho committee appointed by the
Iloyal society to Inquire Into this erup-
JONAS. LONG'S SONS.
f. ..
i
sale
GREY BLANKETS,
nice quality, good
weight, 10-4 size,
worth 65c. Clearing
sale price, 44c
STABLE BLANK
ETS, good heavy
quality, and never
sold under $1,25.
clearing sale price,
98c.
STREET BLANK
ETS, large size, , 84
90, almost square,
worth $2; Clearing
sate price, $1.49.
ALL WOOL BLAN
KETS at very big re
ductions from former
prices during the
clearing sale, as fol
lows: The $5 kind at $4.
The $5.50 kind at
$4.50.
The $6.50 kind at
$5.50.
The $9.00 kind at
$750
soiled
and you
dressed
ADS., YOU READ FACTS.
CLEARING SALE.
SHIRTS
All $1.50 and $2.00 col- 4 e
ored Shirts, reduced to. . . 1 ,25
All S1.00 colored Shirts,
reduced to
Special $1.00 white Shirts,
reduced to
75c
75c
NIGHT ROBES
FlannelNight tr
Robes, reduced to.. 3t"-
75c
Muslin Robes 48c
PAJAMAS
Flannel Pajamas, former
price 1.50 and $2.00
SUSPENDERS
95c
high-grade bus- iip
penders, reduced to C
39c
and
Try our special Collars, all
modern shapes, 10c. Better than
any 15c Collar in town.
Successor to BR0NS0N TALLMAN
412 Spruce Street.
tlon of Krakatoa and the subsequent
phenomena Is a quarto volume of such
vast and Inordinate magnitude that It
can hardly be recommended to any one
for perusal unless ho comes of a family
noted for longevity and can begin It In
early life. Seriously, it would have
been of more value and of far greater
service If It could have boon reduced to
a volume of tho size of Uacon'H "Es
says" or Plato's "Hepubllc," but writ
ers and publishers of tho present day
seem to imagine that the Importance
of their works Is chiefly Indicated by
their cubic capacity.
NOT MEANT SEEIOUSLY.
That's What They Call It.
"Papa, what In luoiid-nilmlcdiirss?'
"Agreeing with hi'iiiMrong peupln when
you know tlu-y nro wrung." Chicago
Timi's-JIcinlil.
Literary Note. '
Tom IVi-'iisus-l flatter myself that thl
I'li'm will nnvt with' your- npprovu!.
Kdltor Vt.s; .you Matter yourself. Titin
many Times , , . . .
Internally Speaking.
"You appear to be eyolng th.it fowl -siihPlcloiiHly,
Mr. Itlvir," sulil the groin-.
"Don't you like tho, cut of Its Jlir.'-'
"I don't like tho cut of Its gIMcts;""re '
piled Hlvcrs. Chicago Tribune. '
Definition.
"I'.ipn, what Is a Vjict-iallsf." '
".My son, ho is a gentleman who has
ilh coveted in which lint of his practicq
his inlstukes nro least likely to bo found
out nrul exposed." Washington Star,
"
An Easy Cue.
"I mIkIi I knew how to net when t
meet 11 baby. 1 always feci like a fool."
"All you have to do Is to act the way
you fcol," Collier's Weekly.
1
The Kentucky Situation.
"It must he trrrlblo to havo war and
not be ready for It."
"I don't know. It must bo moro ter-
rlblo to get leaily for wur und then not
have It." Indianapolis Journal.
Not a Reckless Performance.
"I've been i-hopplng every day this '
i-f-k,"
"Then vou must bo ready for winter
now, Mrs. .Mlggs." (
"N'o: one day I bought a pair of shoes,
and tho other five days I bought u ht."
Clilnigb llocord.i, .''.., j, i ,01 I, " 1
(