.(? THE SCR ANTON TRIBUNE- WIDDNttSDAY' MO 1UN TN"G JANUAKT (J, 1897. W L &m $& Jtbeptok - "" "" Copyright, 1807, liy SYNOPSIS. Con lc Rol, the highwayman, otherwise known ns the Little Red .Man, was famous for his exploits nt Purls, In the time of Louis XV. He Is sleeping one iiluht at a tavern In the slums, when u mysterious stranger brings him word that the house is surrounded by the oilleers of the lieu tenant or pollee. SI. lie Sal tines. The t runner helps him to escape through a secret pussuge In u well. M. Uo Sartines, Hie evening after, his plans for the cap 1111 e of Coi le Hoi having failed. goes to llne at the house of Mile. Corlnne de Slou ti M)ii, n brilliant and fascinating lady of Hie court. He hopes to obtain sympathy and nsslstanee from her, for she Is fami liar with the goings on of all the thieves and vagabonds of I'arK Mile, de SIou t son astounds him by having an old doctor, a friend of hers, relate to the lieu tenant several exploits which C'o le ltol has performed since his escape. The lieu tenant doubts the statements, when Cor. lime declares that he can usk the high wayman himself, who Is now her guest In another part of her .palace. They find Coa le Rol asleep, and the lieutenant de i lares his Intention of arresting him. Corlnne announces that, by the king's command.' Coq le Uol Is her prisoner "un til he shall steal the diamond ring from the linger of SI. de Sartines." The lleti ti nant recognizes the Jest, and goes home determined to alter the situation-only to le-.ir of Coq le ltol in an entirely different place at the time he had seen him, and stdl active In robberies. The next morn ing he goes to Versailles to see the king. The latter has gone hunting, and, while awaiting his return, tho lieutenant stiolls lntu the iark. TAUT V. It was nearly live o'clock In the even Ins when lie set out on this quest; and an unusual stillness reigned In the mug nillcent guldens of the chateau. Here and there, daintily colored lanterns ave dancing light to the arbors be neath the trees; a few richly-dressed fops were milking love to pretty wo men; but the great world of pleasure was resting until the zenith of the night should awake it to new occupa tions. Sartines, indeed, found himself almost alone when, absorbed in his un ending speculations lie crossed tho gardens where the fountains foamed redly in the glowing rays of the setting sun, and passed down the Avenue de Trianon Into the groves of the more open park. This was quite deserted at such an hour. Valets, stablemen, gar denersall were taking what rest they could', knowing well that the night would have need of them. The silence and the twilight suited the lieutenant's limod well. He began to pace a desert ed avenue of yew elms with the slow steps of a man bearing a burden of worry and of doubt. He looked often across the park for the advance guards of the royal party. He believed himself to be alone, and even spoke Ills thoughts aloud. "Rah," said lie, remembering still the letter which Corlnne had read to him, "rthen one highwayman shall steal my ling, then will I hung myself from the king's bedpost. What an Idea to sug gest. 11 really amuses me It really, liu, ha!" To his Intense surprise, u mocking laugh answeied Ills spoken thoughts. He turned round swlftly.abashed at his words, to llnd that the intruder was no other than an exceedingly pretty girl, apparently not yet twenty years of age, who was then sitting upon a moldy stone bench under the shadow of the Urns. She was dressed in an exquisite ildlng habit of green velvet, and the merriment of her laugh, together with SHE WAS SITTING UPON A MOLDY STONK HENCH. the brightness of her eyes and the ex ceeding suppleness of her llgure com pleted a picture which arrested even the wandering attention of the lieuten ant of police. "A thousand pardons, madamolselle," cried he, bowing very low, "have I the honor '.'" "Oh," said tho young girl, laughing again, "the honor is mine, monsieur to lie forgotten by the chief of his maj esty's police." "I see so many faces," pleaded Sar tines, gallantly, "but that 1 should for get your face, madamolselle oli, thut were Impossible." "I think not, monsieur since you do not remember that you met me at the chateau of the Conite d'Ku." The name of the Comte d'Ku sent a shiver down the lieutenant's back. It lecalled the old physician and his mys tic prophecies, "Purdleu," cried he, "I remember, of course. You are a kinswoman of the count's, I doubt not and, that being so, you know something of the misfor tune which overtook him yesterday." "Indeed, I do," said the girl, "since I was with him In his coach when lie was stopped by the hlghwuyman they call ' Coq le Hoi." Sartines gasped. Such a striking con firmation of the old physician's word lie had never looked to hear. "Sladamoiselle," cried he very anx iously, "will you permit me to sit a mo ment while you tell me more of this affair." She made way for him readily upon the bench. "Oh," she said, "I will tell you any thing you please and I know u good deal more about Coq le ltol than you do, M. de Sartines." The lieutenant looked at the girlish figure beside him, atid laughed a little contemptuously Jyi y tkj$ Mnx Pomberton, 'You must convince me of that(" said he. "Certainly I will though I ought not to do -so. It Is dangerous to play with other people's secrets, SI. de Sar tines." "Secrets!" exclaimed the lieutenant; "why what secrets can there be In a case like thlsV" "If 1 were sure we were alone I might be tempted to tell you. Hut look, how- dark It grows. Upon my word, I must not stay longer, monsieur another time you shull learn all." Sartines' eagerness was now beyond control. "Indeed," said he, "I beg you will do me the favor to remain, If It Is only for ten minutes. Are you not safe with me?" "I should be but, you know, It Is lonely here and hush! Is there not some one coining?" The both listened u moment, but the murmur of the fountains and the echo of distant music were the only sounds In the darkness of the grove. "Well,'1 resumed Sartines, you see that we are alone and now, I beg you" The girl sighed with a sigh of re gret and doubting. "It Is very wrong of me," she said, "and Corlnne will never forgive me." "Corlnne!" ejaculated the lieutenant; "do you refer to Mile, de Motltesson?" "Certainly." "And what of her?" The girl appeared to hesitate, and It was only after a long pause that she said: "Oh, she has been very unkind to you. She made a wager with the king that she would llnd an actress from the Opera Comlque and pass her off on you as Coq le Rol himself. And she has won, you know!" "What?" roared Sartines. "It Is as 1 say. The man you thought you saw in her house last night was not a man at all. It was Mile. Guerln, from the Opera Comlque." "Thousand devils!" exclaimed the lieutenant, rising from his seat; "1 never thought of that!" "Of course you did not. You forget that your robber has the face of a young girl. Corlnlie, you know, re membered that, and so she tricked you. She has always been the friend of Coq le Hoi. He saved her life at tiras liols two years ago. She sent for Jacques Henolt to bring him out of the Hue SI. Sauveur two days ago and lent him the disguise In which he escaped from Paris. He told her himself what coach es he was going to rob, and where. Her old physician helped her with his non sense and his, gown. And now she has set all Paris laughing at you." Sartines groaned like a wounded man. "What, then, In heaven's name, means this farce about stealing my ling?" he cried, more to himself than to the pret ty creature at his side. "My dear SI. Sartines, where are your wits? Don't you see that she wishes to get the king's pardon for her friend? And the king makes this ridiculous condition, meaning that the man shall not be pardoned. Oh, It Is all as plain as the Trianon there." "Of course It Is, of course It is!" snarled the lieutenant, whose hands were trembling with rage and shame. "1 could tell you many more things, monsieur," continued the girl, "if the sun were not In such a hurry to set but see how dark it grows. Meanwhile, heic is a letter which you may keep and read when you return to Paris to night It will tell you much." She took a letter from the breast of her habit and pressed It Into the hand of the lieutenant, allowing her lingers to rest lor some moments in his. Sar tines, tormented by a thousand re ptoaches, did not even notice the pres .ure. "Do you know," he asked, abstracted ly, "in what disguise Coq le Hoi left Paris?" "Indeed, I do, monsieur; it was In the disguise of a woman of fashion In fact, he wore a green velvet riding habit which Corlnne gave to him." "A green velvet riding habit," re peated Sartines, ' thinking of anything but the green velvet habit at his side. "Nothing else a green velvet riding habit, and a little three-cornered hat. Oh, they cheated 'you well but read that letter, and It will save you being fooled a third time." "A third time!" exclaimed the lieu tenant, looking round quickly, while the clasp of the girl's pretty lingers was strong upon his left hand, Into which she was forcing the letter. "As 1 say a third time," she ex plained, boisterously. "Corlnne has cheated you once in making you believe that a woman Is a man. I have cheated you a second time in making you be lieve that a man Is a woman." Her words came In a torrent; and even while they were upon her lips she raised the gloved hand, which was free, leaving the other hand still in that of the man; and, very deterously and suddenly, she cast the contents of a tiny bottle she had concealed In her palm Into the eyes of M. de Sartines. At the same moment she grasped his lingers with a strange twist, and so sprang to her feet. Hut the lieutenant, whose eyes seemed on lire, and who believed himself to be blind, roared like a stricken bull. "Who in heaven's name are you?" he cried, "I am Jacques Cabot, otherwise Coq le ltol, otherwise the Little Hed Man very much at your service. Hon Solr, M. de Sartines. You will see very well in ten minutes. I have you diamond ling upon my left hand." The lieutenant uttered a U'lible cry and staggered across the path In u vain endeavor to grapple with the robber. When the guard at last answered his cries he was quite alone, und the si lence of the night reigned In the grove. THE KND. CASTOR! A For Infants and Children. Tin fe- llnllo tlgsaturt Gf it 03 4ft&&i, ,Er II If Ml Concluded from Page 1.1 of resident taxables In each district, as teported after each triennial assessment by the county commissions to the depart ment of public Instruction'. When we con sider that It Is the duty of the state to provide at public expense equal common school advantages for all Its youths, the piesent method Is clearly at fault. As the superintendent of public Instruction In his last annual report has stated, 'It dis criminates against the districts which lack Industries to hold tlilr adult popu lation and In favor Of districts toward which the young people gravitate as soon as their school days are ended." Slost of tho states distribute their school money upon the basis of the number of children to be educated. This method disci Imln ntes against the sparsely settled districts. The elements to be considered In the dis tribution of the school fund should in clude not only the number of taxables In each district, hut the number of children of school age as well, and also the ever piesent necessity of maintaining each In dividual school, the cost of which Is a constunt factor In all districts, regardless of the population or the number of tax payers. If one-third of the appropriation for each district should be based upon the number of taxables, and another third upon the number of children of school age, and the lemulnlng third upon the basis of the number of schools In each district, the equity and fairness of the distribution would be more nearly approximated. Another and far more significant In equality In our school system has become apparent with the growth of our popula tion and the necessity for better and high er educational advantages In the rural districts. The business prosperity of many of our towns anil smaller cities Is de pendent upon the welfare of the people In the surrounding country. The lack of school facilities In the country Is causing many of our citizens to move to the bor oughs and cities In order to educate their children. This tendency Is harmful both to the centers of population and to the country districts. Slost of the agricultural communities in the state afford instruc tion onlv In the common branches, ami those living therein who desire their chil dren to advance beyond the common school limit are compelled to rend them away from home to obtain such advant age. This tendency to leave home (or a bettei education Is depopulating the coun try, and Is leading to the towns and cities, to engage 111 other enterprises, many young men who otherwise would live out their lives upon the fnim. The agricultural In terest is the largest and most Important In the state and in all adjustments of leg islation should receive the consideration which Its Importance deserves. The time has now eome, In my ludgment. when the rural dlstilets should be supplied with high school facilities equal to those en joyed by the towns and smaller cities of the commonwealth. The township high school Is needed in our agricultural communities to provide equal opportunities and advantages with those now In existence in the towns. If the population of one township, and othr I conditions, should not require a separa e high school, two or more townships could unite and jointly share the expense and advantage. Ten acres of ground, partly wooded, a stream of water, a commodious play-ground, with facilities for an ar boretum, orchard, garden and Mowers and park, surrounding a suitable building fully equipped, und with competent teach ers conducting the scholars who have passed beyond the district school through a three or four years' high school course, is a consummation which, besides being pleasant to contemplate, is neither Impos sible nor unnecessarily expensive. The state can make no better use of its reve nues than to employ them in this direc tion. The township high school will place the farmer's boy on the same basis 'with the town ami city boy. The states of Slalne, Wisconsin, .Michigan and Slassachusetts have pointed the way to secontlar.v and higher education worthy of our emulation. The twentieth century system of free education should make It possible for every boy and girl, beginning with the common school, to continue thiotigh the high school up to the end of the collei.-e course. A large number might not avail themselves of the advantages of the col lege course, but the opportunity should be ever present for the deserving patron of the common and the high school. The connecting link between the high school and the college, as a part of a free edu cational system, has been an accomplish ed fact for several years In at least one of out sister states. PENAL INSTITUTION'S. The report of the board of commission ers of public charities calls attention to the overcrowded condition of our .state "penitentiaries. The following (Mures will show their population respectively on Sep tember 30. 1890: Number of Cells. 7C3 l,2oo Mil 2,700 o.2 V. H Oct. 1, uo; , therej I 1S9 3.020 333 1,270 were Committed year Population Discharged year i.eso; 1,131 durlugl ' .1 0011 33 .1 -I -I- 1.M1I 1.I7SI i22l J. 2110 duilngl I 03 1 -1711 293 1,;S Remaining Sept. "ism ....; ; 1,3171 1.0W ."J I 2.802 This over-crowded condition of the peni tentiaries will no doubt secure that prompt action which necessity requites. The methods of relief suggested are (1) the erection of another penitentiary; (2) enlargement of existing penitentia ries, or (3) such modification of existing laws as to require counties to keep criminals con victed of minor offenses in their respective Jails. The construction of a new penitentiary and preparing It for occupancy would le qulre from three to fhe yeais time, and would probably cost from two millions to three millions of dollars. ICnlurgement of the piesent Institutions, while not estimated to cost so much us a new establishment, would require proba bly as much time In construction, while the eoucentrat'on and Inciease of the convict population In a single Institution, it Is generally admitted, would be a serious detriment. A glance at the official statistics shows that crime Is Increasing at a more rapid ratio than our population, and' It Is well to consider whether the state shall adopt the practice of erecting an aildltlon.il prison at large expense, at stated inter vals, or Inaugurate a policy of utilizing the county prions or some of them for such purpose. The latter slight stlou In volves a general reorganization of our prisons under some common authority, such as shall supply the means necessary for both separate and congregate con finement. The varying character, capa city for reform, and history of the con vict, leuulre either method of confinement In onler to ueeoinpllsh the true purpose of tne state ueierreiu puuisnnient and re formatoiy encouragement. Hut with our present prison facilities, neither method is possible to the extent required. Your attention Is directed to the urgent necessity for another state hospital for the Insane. Proof of the over-crowded condition of the live existing hospitals Is coutulned 111 the census furnished by the bouid of commissioners of public chari ties. There are notv in these, hospitals 12C1 patients In excess of their capacity, mak ing It Impossible to give proper classi fication and treatment to those already admitted. This does not take Into consid eration the large number for whom ad mission has been requested. For the past thirteen years the annual increase of Insane patients In all Institu tions receiving Insane Is alarming. The tatul In all Imtitutlons was in 1SS4, 5.371, Inciease of 30 over previous year. HS3. 3,010, " 200 15?0, 3,923, " 2S3 18S7, li.239, " 330 18SS, 0,310, " 231 1SK), 0.SSI, " 371 1SW, 7,393, " 313 1891, 7.019, " 230 1892, 7.813, " 200 1S92, 7,853. " 200 1893, 8,104, " 219 1891, 8.010, " 512 189.1, 8,928, " 312 18Wi, 9,173, " 313 The sum of these unnuul Increases Is 4,133, or an average annual Increase of SIS patients. The continued Increase In numbers of the Insauo piesents a serious problem. If the ratio continue, the hospital now so Imperatively required will luudly bo com pleted until equally pre3s,ng necessity will exist for unother of simllu- capacity, und uch future legislature will piobably bo called upon to provide an additional lios. pltal, These establishments are palatial and costly und Impose wioimuus burdens upon the taxpayer. The alarming apple heiislon confronts us of the Impossibility of providing such new Institutions every few yeats lo supply Increasing demands, As a remedy the board of commissioners uT public charities proposes that the sev eral counties provide for the care, em ployment, treatment and maintenance of such of their Insane as do not require n ntute hospital care. This plan Involves the erection of county asylums by the sov ernl counties at their own proper expense. Two or more counties might unite for the put pose. It Is held that the chronic In sane could here receive treatment, on an Industrial basis, that would equal In evory way the care given In the state hospitals. Tho Inducement to the counties would be the payment of an adequate weekly per capita allowance by the state which would reduce the present rate of county expense, and nt the same time maintain the stale supervision. .More than half of our hospital population Is composed of chronic Insane. Slost of them could be supported at a total cost of from $1.73 to $2 per week. This Is now being done In some of our county asylums. Yet our state hospitals are overcrowded with them at an nvoruce weekly cost of $3.73, Some of our county and many of our municipal almhoiises are now fully equipped for the care and proper treat ment of nil classes of Insane. The local asylum once In operation and the state hospitals freed from a large percentage of their Inmates would be able to supply all the hospital accommodations required and thus avoid the necessity for additional es tablishments. STATIC SANITATION. The report or the state board of health shows that the act of general assembly, approved Slay II, 1893, has been complied with to the extent that there are now twenty-live city boards of health und 3112 borough boaids. The wise provisions then enacted Into law for the puroose of pre venting the Introduction mid spread of In fectious or contagious diseases by the reg ulation of Intercourse with Infected places, und by the arrest, separation and treat ment of Infected persons, und by abating and removing nuisances prejudicial to public health, have been to u large extent observed by the neonle of the state. The board of health, however, estimating the population at six millions, concludes that the Jutlsdlctlon of these hoards covers probably not more than one-twentieth of the urea of the state, leaving at least one-half of our population still unprotect ed by local boards of health. There are still a large number of boroughs which have not yet compiled with the rcqulie ments of the law. The sanitary supervi sion of those portions of the state which lie outside of the Jurisdiction of the city and borough boards Is exercised by the state hoard. The care which the latter authority Is able to exercise In the protec tion of the public health In these extensive regions Is necessarily Imperfect. In case of an epidemic outbreak It often happens that the state board receives no notice of the fact until the pest has assumed serious proportions, and in many Instances It Is dependent upon private citizens for such Information as It may finally secure. The result of such uu Incomplete health organ ization is that epidemic diseases become widely disseminated among the Unpro tected portions of our people, and by their extensive diffusion a menace to health and life. The borough or city threatened with nn invasion of a spreading epidemic can t,von hy tm. est;lljlshment of a sanitary not make itself secure ugainst tne disease, cordon because It is impossible In these days to cut Itself off from the outside world of business and social life. The need of a suitable system of regis tuition or vital statistics is also being constantly brought to the attention of the health authorities. In an enlightened community there live but few people of mature age, whose birth, marriage or death does not ut some time become a matter for the cognizance and considera tion of legal authorities. The attainment of majority with Its lights and duties, the fact and date of wedlock, the Inheritance or conveyance of property, parentage and nationality, place, date and cause of death and Intel ment, and many other questions of a sociological, economic, sanitary, or even historical character, often assume much Importance with reference to many of our citizens. In the absence of a state system of leglstratlon. many of the citi zens are deprived of their legal lights or are enabled to deprive their fellows of their legal lights. The history of the reg istration department of the health of flceis of Philadelphia and Pittsburg shows that Inquiries for important information supposed to be contained In their rtcoids aie almost continual and afford sulllcleiit evidence of the public value of such a sys tem of registration. The act to provide for the registration of births end deaths in the several counties ol the commonwealth, approved June 0, 1893. constitutes a fair beginning In the woik of state registration. This act le quires the collection of the necessary vital statistics by the assessors, and the record ing thereof by the clerks of the orphans' court In each county. The records would be of more general efllclency and useful ness If duplicates were kept in a bureau of vital statistics at the state capltol. The statistical records accumulated at a sin gle county seat are so small In number as to be valueless as a basis for the solution of sanitary or social problems, while the duplication and consolidation of these rec ords would furnish suflicient data for the consideration and solution of many im portant questions besides furnishing a general storehouse of valuable records for the entire state. In no particular Is the demand for state sanitation more forcibly and clearly dem onstrated than In respect to measures which are manifestly necessary for the protection of the public waters of the com monwealth against needless contamina tion, and to these attention is not at this time called, however much the fact may be deploied. The false conclusion seems to nave oeen auopieu uy tnose wno own property thiotigh which or past which a public stream tlows, that the stu-am Itself Is private properly to be dealt with as the owner choose, Others, while not assum ing absolute ownei ship, still insist upon the light to employ the stream as a common carrier or depository for all substances of which the owners desire to rid them selves, and with the lefuse of their mines or factories Invade Its shoies and fre quently foice It fio'm Its ancient channel, 'I bus the riparian owner Justifies the pres ence In our public streams of the carcasses of animals dead of diseases of solid refuse of tanneries and slaughter houses, the garbage and night soil of public Institu tions, factories, villages and towns, the washings of vast culm deposits and the output of abandoned salt wells, hiicii water pollution, so Injurious to public health and moials, It must be admitted, Is moie prevalent today than when the work of the state board of health was com menced and the persistent determination to continue It becomes more apparent day by day. The streams of our state natural ly, or with the assistance given by the llsh commission, would furnish to our pto. pie u laige and never-falling supply of food fish. The constant and disgusting con tamination to which they have been sub jected, from the small mountain streams to our larges rivers, has practically killed off fresh water fish of the state and de stroyed the natural source of pure water supply to many of our centers of popula tion. I'HOTKCTION TO COAL SIINKKS. On June 28, 1890, an accident occurred at the Twin Shaft mine, near i'itttston, whereby llfty-elght lives were lost. A commission composed of Wlllluni Stein, ICdward Roderick und ICdward Hrennan, mine Inspectors of adjoining districts, was at once uppointed to uscei tuln the cause of and fix responsibility for the accident. These Olflciais, ussisieu ny ,itorney uen erul SlcL'ormlck. made n prompt and care ful examination, and their exhaustive and able report is herewith submitted for your corslderatiou. It is apparent from the leport that the cause of the disaster was of a two-fold nature the presence of an txploslve or mine gas and a fall of tho overlying earth and rock rt suiting from what Is known In mining pin lance as a "squeeze." There can be no question that an error In Judgment on the part of the mine superintendent was the cause of los ing his own life and those of the llfty seven faithful men who were working under his Immediate direction at the time of the accident. The leport says: "The mine inspector cannot In any way ba held responsible for the accident, not having been notified of the squeeze by the mine superintendent." Numerous other serious occurrences In the milling regions within the past two years, resulting in loss cf life, have given rise to much public at tention and comment. Whether such oc currences are wholly or partially in the nature of so-called "unavoidable acci dents," or whether they might in any de gree bo avoided, becomes a pressing sub ject for legislative consideration. The eighteen state mine inspectors, now supervising the anthracite and bituminous mines, uio appointed after a competitive technical examination, from a list lur nlslied by tho state board of examiners, tho applicant standing the best examlua. tlon being entitled to receive the first ap pointment, and so on down the list, lii der the present law, the Inspectors, while rtqulred to make an annual report to the secretaiy of Internal affairs, ure not nmdo accountable to any common head for Un faithful discharge of their duties. There is no community of effort required among them und no uniformity In their repot ts. Neither Is there any supervisory or direct ing power conferred by law on tho tec retary of Internal affairs or other ofllcer, nor Is there aMy provision by which trie causes of ueckhmts may be Investigated and responsibility -determined. The Twin Shaft commission did the work Imposed upon them guitultously, even p lying their own personal expense's. While tie report of the commission may truthfully decline that the mine Inspector cannot In uny way be held responsible, because he was not notllled of the Impending danger by the mine superintendent. It Is nut consid ered thut this Is milllcletit excuse to stand in justification of the loss of so many lives. The suggestions coutulned In the report of the commission to guard ugainst and prevent n repetition of such "accidents" would have, in their Judgment, prevented the Twin Shaft disaster. The" and all ether reasonable precautious should be promptly taken hvlth regard to every other mine In operation hi the state. It Is rec ommended that there bo cstabllslcd a re sponsible bend to whom the state mine Inspectors shall nt slated periods milk? de tailed reports of the condition of the mines, the methods employed In mining, the character of machinery used, the prob able danger from gas, squeezes and other causes ot accidents, the means ot ingress and egress and such other Information as will ennblo a competent, scientific rulnuig engineer to determine the safety of the mine. This official should have liberty to enter at will for the purpose of examining the mines, and should be required tn mnkj such examination when petitioned for that purpose b the workmen therein who np pieliend danger. Pennsylvania, while enjoying the dis tinction of being the oldest and most ix tenslvo of the coal mining states, should not remuln behind other states and coun tries In the matter of improved provisions for the advancement and protection of her mining Interests und the safety ot her mining people. APPOHTIONSIKNT. Your attention Is respectfully called to the duty of making as will as the neces sity for a new apportionment of the state Into senatorial and representative dis tricts. Hy the express mandate of the constitution, the general assembly Is re quired, Immediately ufter each decennial census, to make such apportionment. The last senatorial anoortlonment was mud" by act of assembly approved .May 19, 1S7I, and the last representative apportionment by act of Slay 12, 1SS7. The omnilssion to make these apportionments Is equivalent In many Instances to denying the people the representation to which they are le gally entitled, and, 111 others equivalent to permitting u representation 111 both houses of the general assembly to which, under the constitution, they are not entitled. The growth of our population has been far from uniform throughout the common, wealth, many localities having doubled their population 111 the past twenty ye-us, while In others there has been little if any Increase. An examination of the reports of the last decennial census discloses the fact that the piesent senatorial apportion ment Is, under existing conditions, nbso lately destructive of the theory of rep resentative government, and violative of that provision of the constitution widen declaies that "The state shall be divided Into fifty senatorial districts of compact and contiguous territory as nearly equal in population as may be, and each district snail ue entitled to elect one senntor. These Inequalities and the resulting Injus tice to the people of the commonwealth ought to be remedied, and 1 most earnest ly lecommend u prompt reapportionment of the senatorial and representative dis tricts In such manner as will conform to the constitutional requirements. The last congressional apportionment was byaet of Slay 19, 18S7. The number of congress apportioned to Pennsylvania has varied with each decennial census, t'nder the census of 18S0 our representation was twenty-eight, while under the census of 1890 It was Inet eased to thirty members. As no congressional apportionment has been made by the general assembly since the act of Slay 19, 1887, It has become nee. essaiy since the census of 1890 In order thut our state may have full representa tion 111 congress, to elect two members-'it-huge. In justice to all parts of the com monwealth this should not be permitted to continue, and the only remedy Is a re apportionment of the state Into congres sional districts containing the fixed ra tio of population as nearly as may be, thus giving to each district Its proper repre sentation lu the national house of repre sentatives. ELECTIONS. Our recent enactments- relating to elec tions, particularly those providing for the ofllclal ballot, it is believed have met with general approval. It has been made clear however, by experience that while the principle should be retained In our system, some amendments are necessary to aid in its proper administration. Under the law. as It now is. certlllcates of nomination for candidates for the ofllces of presidential electors, members of congress and state oilleers, Including members of the gen eral tissernbly, are required to be flld .vilh the secretary of the commonwealth at least thirty-five days before the date of the election for which the candidates are nominated, und nomination papers for candidates for said offices are re quired to be filed at least twenty eight days before election, objection ,o the validity of these papers may be filed at any time up to twenty-one days before the election. These objections Involve oral hearings before the court of common pleas of Dauphin county, and u full trial of each case upon Its merits and the disposition thereof by the court, so that the secretary of the commonwealth may be able to transmit to the county commissioners ind the sheriff In each county duplieute otll.-i.it lists containing the names and residence's of and party or policies represented In all candidates not found or declared to be in valid at least fourteen days previous to the election. The limited time between the last day for filing objections and the date at which the secretary of the common wealth is required to transmit the list to the county commissioners and sheriffs, a period of but six duys, Imposes a work of such magnitude upon the court and upon the clerical force In the ofllee of the secretary as to render Its performance dltlicult If not Impossible. The use of the sanio political name or appellation In nomination papers and the use of such name or appellation for pure ly local purposes have given rise to much difliculty and confusion In the ofllee of the secretary and have occasioned much and hurried litigation In the court. One of the results of this defect In the law Is found lu the increasing size of the ballot, which has grown to such propor tions as to create great difliculty and delay In printing the same. This can be readi ly corrected by legislative enactment with out abridging in any degree the lights of the voter. The practice of making wholesale pur chase of tax receipts for the poll or occu pation taxes assessed against the voters of the state, for the purpose of corruptly Influencing such voters in the exercise of their right of franchise has grown to such proportions as to he a menace to hon est elections and should receive legislative attention. The evil can be easily remedied by appropriate legislation and the duty should not lie neglected. The corrupt use of money In the control of elections, both primary und general, must necessarily undermine the founda tions of our form of government, If ner-slsti-d In and tolerated by the freemen of the commonwealth. The debauchery of the franchise should not only be stigma tized as a crime but punished as a crime. The basis of free government must be maintained in purity or the fabric will fall. Let such wise provisions be enacted into law with penalties attached as will drive for ewer from place and power and from society, the upollutor of the highest privi lege and dearest light which the American citizen can enjoy. The usu of ofllclal position to which a citizen has been elevated by his fellow men for the purpose of controlling the public will act against the public ad vantage, or the use of the power or pat ronage of ofllee to edvance selfish inter ests or thwart the nubile judgment Is on a level with the crime of the briber and the ballot thief The olllee holder should be the people's servant, not the people's master. A law upon our statute books di vorcing from ofllclal station the use of pat ronage which perverts the honest Judg ment of the people is demanded by all right thinking citizens. DDPAUT.MENT OP AOIUCPLTimE. The department of ngilcultuie estab lished by the act approved .March 13, 1'93, was promptly organized. The secretary reports that the various divisions of the department are now fully officered nnd the work Is progressing us satisfactorily as can be expected. The enforcement of the law relutlng to commercial fertilizers ha been In the personal control of the "ecre tary and has through licenses regulating their sale realized the sum of $12,130 during the year. The Furmeis' Institutes, under the Im mediate charge of the deputy secretary of agriculture, me being held at the rate of three Institutes dally In different parts of the state during about four and u half months of the ye'ur. The instruction given covers u wide und useful range, the In structors being among the best of our practical and sclentllle agriculturalists. The average attendance at these institutes during the past year was 230. The work has been done upon an ullowunee of $7,300 a year, a sum quite inadequate tor the purpose. Professor Hamilton, the deputy jeere tary of agriculture, in his report stute-s "that If the appropriations In Pennsylva nia for this purpose were made us liberally as is done In the following named states, the rates arcordlng to population would be as follows: Taequalthat of New York. $13,113 per year, )hlo 21,132 " " Sllchlgllll .. 23,080 ". " " Wisconsin 37,281 " Minnesota 31,137 " When It Is considered thnt these Insti tute's partake of the nature of University Extension as applied to agriculture und are highly appreciated and putronlzed by fanners, enabling them to secure some measure of technical training which Is becoming mote and more essential to suc cess, It Is uiged thnt tho appropriation therefore should be more liberal. The In stitutes also do an exceedingly valuable work In arousing public Interest In the subject of agriculture, while the School of Agriculture continues the work thus stnrttd and provides for further systema tic training. Kor the support of both these agencies the state has made during the past six years an average annual ap propriation ot $11,300. which Is an averuee of 5 4-10 cents for each faun In the stnte. In other words, out of each $100 appro priated by the legislature of 1893 7 3-10 cents wns for Farmers' Institutes and 3 3-10 cents for the School of Agriculture, while 31 cents, covers the entire appropria tion for agricultural purposes. This amount, considering the great Intere-sts to be subserved. Is not only Inadequately but manifestly disproportionate, DAIRY AND FOOD DIVISION. The work done through the enforcement of the oleomargarine and pure food laws has -o a considerable extent suppressed the trallle in fraudulent products. The necessity for the law and for Its enforce ment are becoming better understood, bines to the extent of $8,313 have been col lected. LIVE STOCK SANITARY HOARD. The state veterinarian, under the direc tion of the live sanitary board, has been actively engaged In suppressing outbreaks of contagious diseases among farm ani mals, A large number of diseases of do mestic animals has been dealt with and In some Instances serious loss has been lire vented by prompt and well directed meas ures. Slore attention has been given to tuberculosis than to any other single dis ease, because many cattle owners have applied for assistance In freeing their herds of this scourge. Co-operation be. tween the farmers and this board has re resulted In the eradication of tuberculosis in mnny districts. Serious hindrance to the eradication of inaiiv destructive dis eases Is found to result from not making prompt report to the live stock sanitary board. It Is the duty of the stute veterin arian to Investigate the cause of every epidemic affecting the lives and health of domestic animals. When we consider that $123,000,000 Is Invested In live stock in this commonwealth nnd that theyeaily loss resulting from diseases that may be prevented Is estimated at $0,000,000, the Im portance of closed relations between the fanner and the live s'ock sanitary boaid becomes apparent. Pl'HLlO ROADS. Attention Is again called to the necessi ty for better public roads. It appears that we have about 80.000 miles of public roads In the various townships of the common wealth, not including turnpike roads and those found In the cities and boroughs. These roads are for the most part In u very unsatisfactory condition, although large sums of money amounting to almost four millions of dollars have been spent ev ery year on their Improvement. This great sum of money, averaging about $48,73 per mile, expended annually for many years past should, If laid out with Intelligence and economy during the last fifteen years, have made every public thor oughfare In the state equal to our best turnpike roads. There are a number of general laws legulatlng the road system of the commonwealth, but there remains In addition thereto on our statute books between ton and 300 special laws affecting as many different localities. Before any further and general effort nt improve ment can go Into effect, It Is essential that our road system be simplified so us to be brought under the control of but one or two gvieral laws regulating all the districts lu the state and forming the basis of a system for permanent Improve ment upon which future legislation may be built. FORESTRY. Pennsylvania was originally one of the best woodi'd of ' the eastern states. For many years we stood Hist as a. lumber pro ducing state. With the exception of an occasional lake or an open meadow, the entire state was woodland. The forestry commissioner estimates that about 30 per cent, of the entire area of the state may yet be classed woodland, but most of this has been stripped of Its valuable merchant able timber. Much of It, although claimed us woodland, possesses almost nothing that Is worthy of the name or would be valued by lumberman for sale or by tho mechanic for construction. Slany of these large unproductive tracts present a pic ture of desolation which cannot well be contemplated without awakening appre hension as to their future bearing on the prosperity of the commonwealth. Slost of Pennsylvania's timber crop dur ing the comse of many years floated down our rivers on the spring freshets In the form of logs, rafts, arks, and other float ing combinations of native wood on their involuntary way to the market. The north and west branches of the Susque hanna, the Allegheny, the Slononguhela, the Delaware and the smaller tributary streams have annually presented Interest ing pictures of the passing of Pennsylva nia's forests from headwater to market. So profitable has been our timber crop thut about four-fifths of It has already been brought to market. The railroads have Invaded the forests where the streams were not large enough to float the timber, and the portable saw mill lias made havoc with the smaller timber growths. There cannot be much objec tion to the removal of a tree after It gets Its full growth If the removal be for a lawful purpose. Nor Is It reasonable to ex pect the farmer or the landowner to give up his land to the raising of n timber crop that takes flftv years or more to mature and that costs him In taxes more than the natural crop will bring him at the end of that neriod. Aside from the money value to the state and the people, there are other and prob ably greater considerations to be tukeu Into account. This Is perhaps the first generation In this commonwealth that has been brought face to face with the dangers anil disasters of a tlmbeiiess country. The removal of the marketable timber from our forests, thus cutting' off one of the great Industries of the state, and the fact that Pennsylvania Is no longer uble to sup ply her own Inhabitants the lumber which they require are of themselves discourag ing; but. when collided with the appre hension that further destruction of the foiests will work perpetual harm to our agricultural Interests, the situation "be comes alarming. It Is reeoirnlzed as u fact that of the waters which fall upon cleared areas, four-fifths are lost because they inn Immediately out of the country, while four-fifths of the waters which falls upon our forest areas are saved: thus proving that If the vast volumes of water which so frequently deluge the state eon1 I he retained lone enough to soak Into the ground, destructive floods would be pre vented and the consequent loss of prou orty and life averted. Two floods have occurred within the past eight years of unequalled proportions nnd destruetlve ness. Large areas of alluvial soil once tilled ha'e been abandoned along the Juniata river because the lepeated flools have made It Impossible to maintain fences or mature crops. This Is true, also, of other portions of the state. During the lust years the valleys of the Juniata and the west branch of the Susquehanna hav lost more than a million do'lars lu the bridges which were swept away. The re curring floods overflowing the banks of nearly all our iIvpis an 1 the consequent loss of property, the personal danger, ap prehension and fear are quite enough to excite serious solicitude. CIIICKASIAUGA-CIIATTANOOGA llATTLEFElLD'S CO.M MISSION. On the 30th day of April, 1891, the govor. nor commissioned about 1011 of the sur vivors of the Pennsylvania troops engaged In. the battles of Chlckarnauga and about Chattanooga to represent this common wealth In locating and marking the bat tle lines and positions of the Pennsylvania regiments and batteries engaged In those battles. In co-operutlon with the National park commission the positions nf the Pennsylvania regiments and batteries were marked In September, 1894. On July 3, 1S93, an act of the geneial assembly wus approved which authorized the erection of a monument to iach of the seventeen Pennsylvania organizations engaged In these buttles, to be erected on their re spietive battle lines, and made an appro priation of $1,300 for each monument. An executive committee was appointed hav ing power to contract for the erection and plucing of the monuments, of which com mittee Colonel Archibald lilakely wus chairman, Captain W. Skinner, secretary, and Colonel William A. Robinson, treas urer. As a result of their work monu ments have been erected uoon the battle lines of the following organizations: The Twenty-ninth, Forty-sixth, Seventy-seventh, Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth In fantry; the Seventh. Ninth and Fifteenth Cavalry ;the Twenty-sixth Light Artillery, llattery H. and Forty-sixth Light Artil lery, Battery E. The monuments for the Twenty-eighth and One Hundred and Forty-seventh Infantry have been com pleted for some time, but, owing to the fact that the National park commission had not acquired title to the land covering their respective battle lines on Look Out Mountain, they are not yet lu position. THE NATIONAL (3UAHD. This adjutant general reports the num ber of men enrolled In the stute and sub ject to military duty as 839,628. The ag. gregute membership In the National Quurd un Sept. 30, 1890, was 8,870. The annual encampment was by division at Lewis, town, Pu,, July 20th to 27th, 1890, and was) successful In every respect. The work of the week wns nf undoubted benefit to tbn National (Vuard. The Interest In the en campment was very much increased by the presence of Major General Nelson A. .Miles, commanding the United States Army, The secretary of war of the I'nlted States detailed the following oilleers to make observations ami report upon tho condition and efllclency of the Utlard; Colonel Samuel 8. Sumner, Sixth United Stntes Calvary; Major John 11. Van llort, Surgeon United States Army, nnd Cap tain Jumes A. Leyden, Fourth United States Infantry. These ofllcors were close observers of all the work done and their published reports speuk In the most com plimentary terms of the elllclency of the troops. Colonel, Sumner In concluding his report, states that In his opinion, "The N'atlonul Guard or Pennsylvania Is a body of well-disciplined nnd efficient soldiers, prepared for any call made on them. Tho general tone and feeling Is noticeably high and the manly respect for rank and posi tion shows a proper appreciation for obli gations voluntarily assumed." Slajor Van Hoff says In his report that the personnel of the medical department Impressed him as being of excellent material, Captuln Leyden snys, "The National Guard of Pennsylvania represents the military es tablishment of a government of about six millions of people. The otllcers generally are men prominent In political, social and financial affnlrs in the districts from which they come. Slany of the senior of llcers are men who saw service during tho war of the Rebellion. The undoubted high state of efllclency of this volunteer mili tary organization Is due entirely to n con. tlnuanee in the Guard of these prominent and experienced men. Their example and the discipline they have cultivated will not be lost when they cease to he active lead ers. A spirit has been fostered that Is ot the highest military value." SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. There were appropriated by the last general assembly the sum of $09,000 for completing und furnishing the meehunlcal building tit the Soldiers' Orphan Industrial school at Scottdaie, Franklin county. There was also appropriated the sum of $323,000 for the education, maintenance and clothing' of the children In the Soldiers' Orphan Schools and tn tho Industrial school, to be based upon the per capita ct $140 per annum to each child In the or phan schools and $200 per annum to each child in the Industrial Bchool. There re mains three soldiers' orphan schools, lo cated as follows: Chester Springs, Ches ter county, containing 30G chllden; Har ford, Susquehanna county, 202 children; Unlontown, Fayette county, 328 children. Tho Soldiers' Orphan Industrial school contains 240 children, making a total of 1,070 children cared for In these four In stitutions. There remain on tile at this time over 300 applications for the admis sion of destitute soldiers' orphans to theso schools. Slany of these cases are both de crying and necessary. Owing to the crowded condition of the schools much care has been exercised by the commis sion In selecting those whose necessities seem to require preferment. The number of applications remaining on file and for whom there is no room Indicates that thl work will have to be continued for soma years to come. FACTORY INSPECTION. The Increase In the number of factory Inspectors from twelve to twenty as pro. vlded by the act of April 11, 1893. required a 'districting of the state for the purpose of factory Inspection. These districts ara under the direct supervision of fifteen men und five women. The factories Inspected number 0,030, giving employment to 207,901 operators, of which number 101,023 were fe males and 72,014 children between 13 and 18 years of age. One hundred and sixty-one children under 13 years of age were dis missed from employment by order of the inspectors. The increase in the number of deputies has resulted In a more thor ough Inspection, nnd a larger number of accidents was reoorted than during any previous year. The total number of acci dents was 1,031, of which seventy-seven were fatal and 191 of a serious nature. Two boiler explosions were reported, one at Hollldaysburg and the other nt Danville, resulting In the loss of life of twelve em ployes and thirty-four Injured. The Na tional Association of Stalonary Engineers, nt its annual meeting in September last, reported one boiler explosion for every working day during the past live years. The factory dermrtment having no author ity to Inspect boilers, there should bo log Islatlon to cover this defect. Since the passage of the compulsory ed. ueatlonai law all children between thei ages of 13 and 10 years should be required to furnish evidence by certificate or other wise that they have attended school at least six months of the school term pie eedlng their engagement to labor. Tho present law which limits the age of chil dren employed In shops and facto'ies should be extended to apply to all other avocations In which they are emuloyed, and the restriction of the hours of labor to minors to sixty hours a week should also apply to women. The act approved the 11th of April, 1893. to regulate the em ployment and provide for the safety of persons employed In tenements where clothing, cigars and others articles ara made or partially made has been benefi cial lu securing larger shops, Improved sanitary conditions, lire escapes and other needed improvements In and around thn work room. This law Is now evaded by what Is called the "family worker," or those who take shop work home to be com pleted and then sublet It In various ways that entirely evade the law. The law should be so amended ns to require all family workers to have a permit from the factory department befoie securing work, certifying that their house Is clean and lu proper sanitary condition. Such workers should also be brought under the control of the factory department. The condi tion of the sweat shop and the "family worker" In our large centers of popula tion, some of them being of the lowest and vilest character, must convince our Intel ligent citizens of the Importance of mora stringent Immigration laws. HANKING DEPAHT.MENT. The banks, saving Institutions and t-ust companies of the state last year held the. sum of J21S,907,981.72 as deposits, being an Increase over the preceding year of a lit tle over $11,000,000, und there was at tho same time in the bunds of trust compa nies the enormous sum if $374,241,784.83 of trust funds. Tho utmost protection should be extended to these laige Interests. From the statistics it would seem that build ing associations doing bttslues under any other than the purely local plan are really bank or coiporatlons for investment, by means of which enormous amounts ot money are escaping the common binder of taxation. ATLANTA EXPOSITION. Tn response to nn Invitation to the slate of Pennsylvania to participate In the Cot ton States and International Exposition at Atlanta, Gu., a Joint resolution of ira house and senate was passed .May 2, U93, providing for the appointment of a com mission to prepare for Said exposition a proper exhibit of the products and le sources of the commonwealth, and an ap propriation of $30,000 wns made for that pin pose, A subsequent act provided for a ladles' auxiliary commission, for which an additional appropriation of $8,000 wis vot ed. Under authority of the act. Thnmui J. Ktenan, jr., of Pittsburg, was appoint ed secretary of the commission, and to him was entrusted, under dlrectlin of loo commission and its executive oumnuttee, the preparation and display of he stuta exhibits and the general executive work of the commission. The state building was lu every way a creditable structui. r-ml occupied one of the most accessible and commanding' situations on the exposition grounds. On Nov. 14, 18U1, the day officially des'g nated by the exposition management ui "Pennsylvania Day," the uoinuihrslort visited Atlanta In a body, Inspected tho state exhibits and participated In the ceremonies of the occasion. The display made by our private exhibitors were also highly creditable and compared tuvo-.ibly with those from other states. I am r-au. fled to announce that out of the nptro Pliatlons of $38,000, the sum of $7,420.33 re. malned unexpended and reverted to tha state treasury when the work of tne com mission was completed. With the growth of our population and tho development of our material energies; and Industries, all departments 0f tha state government are necessarily en larged and are constantly growing After a careful examination of the sltuitlon, and with a view both to economy and ef llclency, It Is recommended that us soon as the conditions of the finances permit, an additional or third story bo added to the new executive building for the further oe corumodatlon of the several departments, and an additional or second story to tha state library for the uses of the Suproma und Superior courts, the various stata boards and other organizations required to hold stated meetings at the capltol. Daniel H. Hastings. The King of BEECHAM'S. Fills 1 Qeecham'a.
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