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THE SCR ANTON TRIBUNE- WIDDNttSDAY' MO 1UN TN"G JANUAKT (J, 1897.
W L &m $& Jtbeptok
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Copyright, 1807, liy
SYNOPSIS.
Con lc Rol, the highwayman, otherwise
known ns the Little Red .Man, was famous
for his exploits nt Purls, In the time of
Louis XV. He Is sleeping one iiluht at a
tavern In the slums, when u mysterious
stranger brings him word that the house
is surrounded by the oilleers of the lieu
tenant or pollee. SI. lie Sal tines. The
t runner helps him to escape through a
secret pussuge In u well. M. Uo Sartines,
Hie evening after, his plans for the cap
1111 e of Coi le Hoi having failed. goes to
llne at the house of Mile. Corlnne de Slou
ti M)ii, n brilliant and fascinating lady of
Hie court. He hopes to obtain sympathy
and nsslstanee from her, for she Is fami
liar with the goings on of all the thieves
and vagabonds of I'arK Mile, de SIou
t son astounds him by having an old
doctor, a friend of hers, relate to the lieu
tenant several exploits which C'o le ltol
has performed since his escape. The lieu
tenant doubts the statements, when Cor.
lime declares that he can usk the high
wayman himself, who Is now her guest In
another part of her .palace. They find
Coa le Rol asleep, and the lieutenant de
i lares his Intention of arresting him.
Corlnne announces that, by the king's
command.' Coq le Uol Is her prisoner "un
til he shall steal the diamond ring from
the linger of SI. de Sartines." The lleti
ti nant recognizes the Jest, and goes home
determined to alter the situation-only to
le-.ir of Coq le ltol in an entirely different
place at the time he had seen him, and
stdl active In robberies. The next morn
ing he goes to Versailles to see the king.
The latter has gone hunting, and, while
awaiting his return, tho lieutenant stiolls
lntu the iark.
TAUT V.
It was nearly live o'clock In the even
Ins when lie set out on this quest; and
an unusual stillness reigned In the mug
nillcent guldens of the chateau. Here
and there, daintily colored lanterns
ave dancing light to the arbors be
neath the trees; a few richly-dressed
fops were milking love to pretty wo
men; but the great world of pleasure
was resting until the zenith of the
night should awake it to new occupa
tions. Sartines, indeed, found himself
almost alone when, absorbed in his un
ending speculations lie crossed tho
gardens where the fountains foamed
redly in the glowing rays of the setting
sun, and passed down the Avenue de
Trianon Into the groves of the more
open park. This was quite deserted at
such an hour. Valets, stablemen, gar
denersall were taking what rest they
could', knowing well that the night
would have need of them. The silence
and the twilight suited the lieutenant's
limod well. He began to pace a desert
ed avenue of yew elms with the slow
steps of a man bearing a burden of
worry and of doubt. He looked often
across the park for the advance guards
of the royal party. He believed himself
to be alone, and even spoke Ills thoughts
aloud.
"Rah," said lie, remembering still the
letter which Corlnne had read to him,
"rthen one highwayman shall steal my
ling, then will I hung myself from the
king's bedpost. What an Idea to sug
gest. 11 really amuses me It really,
liu, ha!"
To his Intense surprise, u mocking
laugh answeied Ills spoken thoughts.
He turned round swlftly.abashed at his
words, to llnd that the intruder was no
other than an exceedingly pretty girl,
apparently not yet twenty years of age,
who was then sitting upon a moldy
stone bench under the shadow of the
Urns. She was dressed in an exquisite
ildlng habit of green velvet, and the
merriment of her laugh, together with
SHE WAS SITTING UPON A MOLDY
STONK HENCH.
the brightness of her eyes and the ex
ceeding suppleness of her llgure com
pleted a picture which arrested even
the wandering attention of the lieuten
ant of police.
"A thousand pardons, madamolselle,"
cried he, bowing very low, "have I the
honor '.'"
"Oh," said tho young girl, laughing
again, "the honor is mine, monsieur
to lie forgotten by the chief of his maj
esty's police."
"I see so many faces," pleaded Sar
tines, gallantly, "but that 1 should for
get your face, madamolselle oli, thut
were Impossible."
"I think not, monsieur since you do
not remember that you met me at the
chateau of the Conite d'Ku."
The name of the Comte d'Ku sent a
shiver down the lieutenant's back. It
lecalled the old physician and his mys
tic prophecies,
"Purdleu," cried he, "I remember, of
course. You are a kinswoman of the
count's, I doubt not and, that being
so, you know something of the misfor
tune which overtook him yesterday."
"Indeed, I do," said the girl, "since I
was with him In his coach when lie was
stopped by the hlghwuyman they call
' Coq le Hoi."
Sartines gasped. Such a striking con
firmation of the old physician's word
lie had never looked to hear.
"Sladamoiselle," cried he very anx
iously, "will you permit me to sit a mo
ment while you tell me more of this
affair."
She made way for him readily upon
the bench.
"Oh," she said, "I will tell you any
thing you please and I know u good
deal more about Coq le ltol than you
do, M. de Sartines."
The lieutenant looked at the girlish
figure beside him, atid laughed a little
contemptuously
Jyi y
tkj$
Mnx Pomberton,
'You must convince me of that(" said
he.
"Certainly I will though I ought
not to do -so. It Is dangerous to play
with other people's secrets, SI. de Sar
tines." "Secrets!" exclaimed the lieutenant;
"why what secrets can there be In a
case like thlsV"
"If 1 were sure we were alone I might
be tempted to tell you. Hut look, how-
dark It grows. Upon my word, I must
not stay longer, monsieur another
time you shull learn all."
Sartines' eagerness was now beyond
control.
"Indeed," said he, "I beg you will
do me the favor to remain, If It Is only
for ten minutes. Are you not safe with
me?"
"I should be but, you know, It Is
lonely here and hush! Is there not
some one coining?"
The both listened u moment, but
the murmur of the fountains and the
echo of distant music were the only
sounds In the darkness of the grove.
"Well,'1 resumed Sartines, you see
that we are alone and now, I beg
you"
The girl sighed with a sigh of re
gret and doubting.
"It Is very wrong of me," she said,
"and Corlnne will never forgive me."
"Corlnne!" ejaculated the lieutenant;
"do you refer to Mile, de Motltesson?"
"Certainly."
"And what of her?"
The girl appeared to hesitate, and
It was only after a long pause that she
said: "Oh, she has been very unkind
to you. She made a wager with the
king that she would llnd an actress
from the Opera Comlque and pass her
off on you as Coq le Rol himself. And
she has won, you know!"
"What?" roared Sartines.
"It Is as 1 say. The man you thought
you saw in her house last night was
not a man at all. It was Mile. Guerln,
from the Opera Comlque."
"Thousand devils!" exclaimed the
lieutenant, rising from his seat; "1
never thought of that!"
"Of course you did not. You forget
that your robber has the face of a
young girl. Corlnlie, you know, re
membered that, and so she tricked you.
She has always been the friend of Coq
le Hoi. He saved her life at tiras liols
two years ago. She sent for Jacques
Henolt to bring him out of the Hue
SI. Sauveur two days ago and lent him
the disguise In which he escaped from
Paris. He told her himself what coach
es he was going to rob, and where. Her
old physician helped her with his non
sense and his, gown. And now she has
set all Paris laughing at you."
Sartines groaned like a wounded man.
"What, then, In heaven's name, means
this farce about stealing my ling?" he
cried, more to himself than to the pret
ty creature at his side.
"My dear SI. Sartines, where are your
wits? Don't you see that she wishes
to get the king's pardon for her friend?
And the king makes this ridiculous
condition, meaning that the man shall
not be pardoned. Oh, It Is all as plain
as the Trianon there."
"Of course It Is, of course It is!"
snarled the lieutenant, whose hands
were trembling with rage and shame.
"1 could tell you many more things,
monsieur," continued the girl, "if the
sun were not In such a hurry to set
but see how dark it grows. Meanwhile,
heic is a letter which you may keep
and read when you return to Paris to
night It will tell you much."
She took a letter from the breast of
her habit and pressed It Into the hand
of the lieutenant, allowing her lingers
to rest lor some moments in his. Sar
tines, tormented by a thousand re
ptoaches, did not even notice the pres
.ure. "Do you know," he asked, abstracted
ly, "in what disguise Coq le Hoi left
Paris?"
"Indeed, I do, monsieur; it was In the
disguise of a woman of fashion In fact,
he wore a green velvet riding habit
which Corlnne gave to him."
"A green velvet riding habit," re
peated Sartines, ' thinking of anything
but the green velvet habit at his side.
"Nothing else a green velvet riding
habit, and a little three-cornered hat.
Oh, they cheated 'you well but read
that letter, and It will save you being
fooled a third time."
"A third time!" exclaimed the lieu
tenant, looking round quickly, while
the clasp of the girl's pretty lingers
was strong upon his left hand, Into
which she was forcing the letter.
"As 1 say a third time," she ex
plained, boisterously. "Corlnne has
cheated you once in making you believe
that a woman Is a man. I have cheated
you a second time in making you be
lieve that a man Is a woman."
Her words came In a torrent; and
even while they were upon her lips she
raised the gloved hand, which was free,
leaving the other hand still in that of
the man; and, very deterously and
suddenly, she cast the contents of a
tiny bottle she had concealed In her
palm Into the eyes of M. de Sartines.
At the same moment she grasped his
lingers with a strange twist, and so
sprang to her feet. Hut the lieutenant,
whose eyes seemed on lire, and who
believed himself to be blind, roared like
a stricken bull.
"Who in heaven's name are you?"
he cried,
"I am Jacques Cabot, otherwise Coq
le ltol, otherwise the Little Hed Man
very much at your service. Hon Solr,
M. de Sartines. You will see very well
in ten minutes. I have you diamond
ling upon my left hand."
The lieutenant uttered a U'lible cry
and staggered across the path In u vain
endeavor to grapple with the robber.
When the guard at last answered his
cries he was quite alone, und the si
lence of the night reigned In the grove.
THE KND.
CASTOR! A
For Infants and Children.
Tin fe-
llnllo
tlgsaturt
Gf
it 03
4ft&&i, ,Er
II If Ml
Concluded from Page 1.1
of resident taxables In each district, as
teported after each triennial assessment
by the county commissions to the depart
ment of public Instruction'. When we con
sider that It Is the duty of the state to
provide at public expense equal common
school advantages for all Its youths, the
piesent method Is clearly at fault. As the
superintendent of public Instruction In
his last annual report has stated, 'It dis
criminates against the districts which
lack Industries to hold tlilr adult popu
lation and In favor Of districts toward
which the young people gravitate as soon
as their school days are ended." Slost of
tho states distribute their school money
upon the basis of the number of children
to be educated. This method disci Imln
ntes against the sparsely settled districts.
The elements to be considered In the dis
tribution of the school fund should in
clude not only the number of taxables In
each district, hut the number of children
of school age as well, and also the ever
piesent necessity of maintaining each In
dividual school, the cost of which Is a
constunt factor In all districts, regardless
of the population or the number of tax
payers. If one-third of the appropriation
for each district should be based upon the
number of taxables, and another third
upon the number of children of school age,
and the lemulnlng third upon the basis of
the number of schools In each district, the
equity and fairness of the distribution
would be more nearly approximated.
Another and far more significant In
equality In our school system has become
apparent with the growth of our popula
tion and the necessity for better and high
er educational advantages In the rural
districts. The business prosperity of many
of our towns anil smaller cities Is de
pendent upon the welfare of the people
In the surrounding country. The lack of
school facilities In the country Is causing
many of our citizens to move to the bor
oughs and cities In order to educate their
children. This tendency Is harmful both
to the centers of population and to the
country districts. Slost of the agricultural
communities in the state afford instruc
tion onlv In the common branches, ami
those living therein who desire their chil
dren to advance beyond the common
school limit are compelled to rend them
away from home to obtain such advant
age. This tendency to leave home (or a
bettei education Is depopulating the coun
try, and Is leading to the towns and cities,
to engage 111 other enterprises, many young
men who otherwise would live out their
lives upon the fnim. The agricultural In
terest is the largest and most Important
In the state and in all adjustments of leg
islation should receive the consideration
which Its Importance deserves. The time
has now eome, In my ludgment. when the
rural dlstilets should be supplied with
high school facilities equal to those en
joyed by the towns and smaller cities of
the commonwealth.
The township high school Is needed in
our agricultural communities to provide
equal opportunities and advantages with
those now In existence in the towns. If
the population of one township, and othr I
conditions, should not require a separa e
high school, two or more townships could
unite and jointly share the expense and
advantage. Ten acres of ground, partly
wooded, a stream of water, a commodious
play-ground, with facilities for an ar
boretum, orchard, garden and Mowers and
park, surrounding a suitable building
fully equipped, und with competent teach
ers conducting the scholars who have
passed beyond the district school through
a three or four years' high school course,
is a consummation which, besides being
pleasant to contemplate, is neither Impos
sible nor unnecessarily expensive. The
state can make no better use of its reve
nues than to employ them in this direc
tion. The township high school will place the
farmer's boy on the same basis 'with the
town ami city boy. The states of Slalne,
Wisconsin, .Michigan and Slassachusetts
have pointed the way to secontlar.v and
higher education worthy of our emulation.
The twentieth century system of free
education should make It possible for
every boy and girl, beginning with the
common school, to continue thiotigh the
high school up to the end of the collei.-e
course. A large number might not avail
themselves of the advantages of the col
lege course, but the opportunity should
be ever present for the deserving patron
of the common and the high school. The
connecting link between the high school
and the college, as a part of a free edu
cational system, has been an accomplish
ed fact for several years In at least one of
out sister states.
PENAL INSTITUTION'S.
The report of the board of commission
ers of public charities calls attention to
the overcrowded condition of our .state
"penitentiaries. The following (Mures will
show their population respectively on Sep
tember 30. 1890:
Number of Cells. 7C3 l,2oo Mil 2,700
o.2
V. H
Oct. 1,
uo;
, therej
I
1S9 3.020
333 1,270
were
Committed
year
Population
Discharged
year
i.eso; 1,131
durlugl
'
.1 0011 33
.1 -I -I-
1.M1I 1.I7SI i22l J. 2110
duilngl I
03 1 -1711 293 1,;S
Remaining Sept.
"ism ....; ;
1,3171 1.0W
."J I 2.802
This over-crowded condition of the peni
tentiaries will no doubt secure that
prompt action which necessity requites.
The methods of relief suggested are
(1) the erection of another penitentiary;
(2) enlargement of existing penitentia
ries, or
(3) such modification of existing laws as
to require counties to keep criminals con
victed of minor offenses in their respective
Jails.
The construction of a new penitentiary
and preparing It for occupancy would le
qulre from three to fhe yeais time, and
would probably cost from two millions
to three millions of dollars.
ICnlurgement of the piesent Institutions,
while not estimated to cost so much us
a new establishment, would require proba
bly as much time In construction, while
the eoucentrat'on and Inciease of the
convict population In a single Institution,
it Is generally admitted, would be a serious
detriment.
A glance at the official statistics shows
that crime Is Increasing at a more rapid
ratio than our population, and' It Is well
to consider whether the state shall adopt
the practice of erecting an aildltlon.il
prison at large expense, at stated inter
vals, or Inaugurate a policy of utilizing
the county prions or some of them for
such purpose. The latter slight stlou In
volves a general reorganization of our
prisons under some common authority,
such as shall supply the means necessary
for both separate and congregate con
finement. The varying character, capa
city for reform, and history of the con
vict, leuulre either method of confinement
In onler to ueeoinpllsh the true purpose of
tne state ueierreiu puuisnnient and re
formatoiy encouragement. Hut with our
present prison facilities, neither method
is possible to the extent required.
Your attention Is directed to the urgent
necessity for another state hospital for
the Insane. Proof of the over-crowded
condition of the live existing hospitals Is
coutulned 111 the census furnished by the
bouid of commissioners of public chari
ties. There are notv in these, hospitals 12C1
patients In excess of their capacity, mak
ing It Impossible to give proper classi
fication and treatment to those already
admitted. This does not take Into consid
eration the large number for whom ad
mission has been requested.
For the past thirteen years the annual
increase of Insane patients In all Institu
tions receiving Insane Is alarming. The
tatul In all Imtitutlons was in
1SS4, 5.371, Inciease of 30 over previous year.
HS3. 3,010, " 200
15?0, 3,923, " 2S3
18S7, li.239, " 330
18SS, 0,310, " 231
1SK), 0.SSI, " 371
1SW, 7,393, " 313
1891, 7.019, " 230
1892, 7.813, " 200
1S92, 7,853. " 200
1893, 8,104, " 219
1891, 8.010, " 512
189.1, 8,928, " 312
18Wi, 9,173, " 313
The sum of these unnuul Increases Is
4,133, or an average annual Increase of SIS
patients.
The continued Increase In numbers of
the Insauo piesents a serious problem. If
the ratio continue, the hospital now so
Imperatively required will luudly bo com
pleted until equally pre3s,ng necessity will
exist for unother of simllu- capacity, und
uch future legislature will piobably bo
called upon to provide an additional lios.
pltal, These establishments are palatial
and costly und Impose wioimuus burdens
upon the taxpayer. The alarming apple
heiislon confronts us of the Impossibility
of providing such new Institutions every
few yeats lo supply Increasing demands,
As a remedy the board of commissioners
uT public charities proposes that the sev
eral counties provide for the care, em
ployment, treatment and maintenance of
such of their Insane as do not require n
ntute hospital care. This plan Involves
the erection of county asylums by the sov
ernl counties at their own proper expense.
Two or more counties might unite for the
put pose. It Is held that the chronic In
sane could here receive treatment, on an
Industrial basis, that would equal In evory
way the care given In the state hospitals.
Tho Inducement to the counties would be
the payment of an adequate weekly per
capita allowance by the state which
would reduce the present rate of county
expense, and nt the same time maintain
the stale supervision. .More than half of
our hospital population Is composed of
chronic Insane. Slost of them could be
supported at a total cost of from $1.73 to
$2 per week. This Is now being done In
some of our county asylums. Yet our
state hospitals are overcrowded with
them at an nvoruce weekly cost of $3.73,
Some of our county and many of our
municipal almhoiises are now fully
equipped for the care and proper treat
ment of nil classes of Insane. The local
asylum once In operation and the state
hospitals freed from a large percentage of
their Inmates would be able to supply all
the hospital accommodations required and
thus avoid the necessity for additional es
tablishments. STATIC SANITATION.
The report or the state board of health
shows that the act of general assembly,
approved Slay II, 1893, has been complied
with to the extent that there are now
twenty-live city boards of health und 3112
borough boaids. The wise provisions then
enacted Into law for the puroose of pre
venting the Introduction mid spread of In
fectious or contagious diseases by the reg
ulation of Intercourse with Infected places,
und by the arrest, separation and treat
ment of Infected persons, und by abating
and removing nuisances prejudicial to
public health, have been to u large extent
observed by the neonle of the state. The
board of health, however, estimating the
population at six millions, concludes that
the Jutlsdlctlon of these hoards covers
probably not more than one-twentieth
of the urea of the state, leaving at least
one-half of our population still unprotect
ed by local boards of health. There are
still a large number of boroughs which
have not yet compiled with the rcqulie
ments of the law. The sanitary supervi
sion of those portions of the state which
lie outside of the Jurisdiction of the city
and borough boards Is exercised by the
state hoard. The care which the latter
authority Is able to exercise In the protec
tion of the public health In these extensive
regions Is necessarily Imperfect. In case
of an epidemic outbreak It often happens
that the state board receives no notice of
the fact until the pest has assumed serious
proportions, and in many Instances It Is
dependent upon private citizens for such
Information as It may finally secure. The
result of such uu Incomplete health organ
ization is that epidemic diseases become
widely disseminated among the Unpro
tected portions of our people, and by their
extensive diffusion a menace to health and
life. The borough or city threatened with
nn invasion of a spreading epidemic can
t,von hy tm. est;lljlshment of a sanitary
not make itself secure ugainst tne disease,
cordon because It is impossible In these
days to cut Itself off from the outside
world of business and social life.
The need of a suitable system of regis
tuition or vital statistics is also being
constantly brought to the attention of the
health authorities. In an enlightened
community there live but few people of
mature age, whose birth, marriage or
death does not ut some time become a
matter for the cognizance and considera
tion of legal authorities. The attainment
of majority with Its lights and duties, the
fact and date of wedlock, the Inheritance
or conveyance of property, parentage and
nationality, place, date and cause of death
and Intel ment, and many other questions
of a sociological, economic, sanitary, or
even historical character, often assume
much Importance with reference to many
of our citizens. In the absence of a state
system of leglstratlon. many of the citi
zens are deprived of their legal lights or
are enabled to deprive their fellows of
their legal lights. The history of the reg
istration department of the health of
flceis of Philadelphia and Pittsburg shows
that Inquiries for important information
supposed to be contained In their rtcoids
aie almost continual and afford sulllcleiit
evidence of the public value of such a sys
tem of registration.
The act to provide for the registration of
births end deaths in the several counties
ol the commonwealth, approved June 0,
1893. constitutes a fair beginning In the
woik of state registration. This act le
quires the collection of the necessary vital
statistics by the assessors, and the record
ing thereof by the clerks of the orphans'
court In each county. The records would
be of more general efllclency and useful
ness If duplicates were kept in a bureau of
vital statistics at the state capltol. The
statistical records accumulated at a sin
gle county seat are so small In number as
to be valueless as a basis for the solution
of sanitary or social problems, while the
duplication and consolidation of these rec
ords would furnish suflicient data for the
consideration and solution of many im
portant questions besides furnishing a
general storehouse of valuable records for
the entire state.
In no particular Is the demand for state
sanitation more forcibly and clearly dem
onstrated than In respect to measures
which are manifestly necessary for the
protection of the public waters of the com
monwealth against needless contamina
tion, and to these attention is not at this
time called, however much the fact may
be deploied. The false conclusion seems
to nave oeen auopieu uy tnose wno own
property thiotigh which or past which a
public stream tlows, that the stu-am Itself
Is private properly to be dealt with as the
owner choose, Others, while not assum
ing absolute ownei ship, still insist upon the
light to employ the stream as a common
carrier or depository for all substances
of which the owners desire to rid them
selves, and with the lefuse of their mines
or factories Invade Its shoies and fre
quently foice It fio'm Its ancient channel,
'I bus the riparian owner Justifies the pres
ence In our public streams of the carcasses
of animals dead of diseases of solid refuse
of tanneries and slaughter houses, the
garbage and night soil of public Institu
tions, factories, villages and towns, the
washings of vast culm deposits and the
output of abandoned salt wells, hiicii
water pollution, so Injurious to public
health and moials, It must be admitted, Is
moie prevalent today than when the work
of the state board of health was com
menced and the persistent determination
to continue It becomes more apparent day
by day. The streams of our state natural
ly, or with the assistance given by the
llsh commission, would furnish to our pto.
pie u laige and never-falling supply of food
fish. The constant and disgusting con
tamination to which they have been sub
jected, from the small mountain streams
to our larges rivers, has practically killed
off fresh water fish of the state and de
stroyed the natural source of pure water
supply to many of our centers of popula
tion. I'HOTKCTION TO COAL SIINKKS.
On June 28, 1890, an accident occurred at
the Twin Shaft mine, near i'itttston,
whereby llfty-elght lives were lost. A
commission composed of Wlllluni Stein,
ICdward Roderick und ICdward Hrennan,
mine Inspectors of adjoining districts, was
at once uppointed to uscei tuln the cause of
and fix responsibility for the accident.
These Olflciais, ussisieu ny ,itorney uen
erul SlcL'ormlck. made n prompt and care
ful examination, and their exhaustive and
able report is herewith submitted for your
corslderatiou. It is apparent from the
leport that the cause of the disaster was
of a two-fold nature the presence of an
txploslve or mine gas and a fall of tho
overlying earth and rock rt suiting from
what Is known In mining pin lance as a
"squeeze." There can be no question that
an error In Judgment on the part of the
mine superintendent was the cause of los
ing his own life and those of the llfty
seven faithful men who were working
under his Immediate direction at the time
of the accident. The leport says: "The
mine inspector cannot In any way ba held
responsible for the accident, not having
been notified of the squeeze by the mine
superintendent." Numerous other serious
occurrences In the milling regions within
the past two years, resulting in loss cf
life, have given rise to much public at
tention and comment. Whether such oc
currences are wholly or partially in the
nature of so-called "unavoidable acci
dents," or whether they might in any de
gree bo avoided, becomes a pressing sub
ject for legislative consideration.
The eighteen state mine inspectors, now
supervising the anthracite and bituminous
mines, uio appointed after a competitive
technical examination, from a list lur
nlslied by tho state board of examiners,
tho applicant standing the best examlua.
tlon being entitled to receive the first ap
pointment, and so on down the list, lii
der the present law, the Inspectors, while
rtqulred to make an annual report to the
secretaiy of Internal affairs, ure not nmdo
accountable to any common head for Un
faithful discharge of their duties. There is
no community of effort required among
them und no uniformity In their repot ts.
Neither Is there any supervisory or direct
ing power conferred by law on tho tec
retary of Internal affairs or other ofllcer,
nor Is there aMy provision by which trie
causes of ueckhmts may be Investigated
and responsibility -determined. The Twin
Shaft commission did the work Imposed
upon them guitultously, even p lying their
own personal expense's. While tie report
of the commission may truthfully decline
that the mine Inspector cannot In uny
way be held responsible, because he was
not notllled of the Impending danger by
the mine superintendent. It Is nut consid
ered thut this Is milllcletit excuse to stand
in justification of the loss of so many lives.
The suggestions coutulned In the report
of the commission to guard ugainst and
prevent n repetition of such "accidents"
would have, in their Judgment, prevented
the Twin Shaft disaster. The" and all
ether reasonable precautious should be
promptly taken hvlth regard to every other
mine In operation hi the state. It Is rec
ommended that there bo cstabllslcd a re
sponsible bend to whom the state mine
Inspectors shall nt slated periods milk? de
tailed reports of the condition of the
mines, the methods employed In mining,
the character of machinery used, the prob
able danger from gas, squeezes and other
causes ot accidents, the means ot ingress
and egress and such other Information as
will ennblo a competent, scientific rulnuig
engineer to determine the safety of the
mine. This official should have liberty to
enter at will for the purpose of examining
the mines, and should be required tn mnkj
such examination when petitioned for that
purpose b the workmen therein who np
pieliend danger.
Pennsylvania, while enjoying the dis
tinction of being the oldest and most ix
tenslvo of the coal mining states, should
not remuln behind other states and coun
tries In the matter of improved provisions
for the advancement and protection of her
mining Interests und the safety ot her
mining people.
APPOHTIONSIKNT.
Your attention Is respectfully called to
the duty of making as will as the neces
sity for a new apportionment of the state
Into senatorial and representative dis
tricts. Hy the express mandate of the
constitution, the general assembly Is re
quired, Immediately ufter each decennial
census, to make such apportionment. The
last senatorial anoortlonment was mud"
by act of assembly approved .May 19, 1S7I,
and the last representative apportionment
by act of Slay 12, 1SS7. The omnilssion to
make these apportionments Is equivalent
In many Instances to denying the people
the representation to which they are le
gally entitled, and, 111 others equivalent to
permitting u representation 111 both houses
of the general assembly to which, under
the constitution, they are not entitled. The
growth of our population has been far
from uniform throughout the common,
wealth, many localities having doubled
their population 111 the past twenty ye-us,
while In others there has been little if any
Increase. An examination of the reports
of the last decennial census discloses the
fact that the piesent senatorial apportion
ment Is, under existing conditions, nbso
lately destructive of the theory of rep
resentative government, and violative of
that provision of the constitution widen
declaies that "The state shall be divided
Into fifty senatorial districts of compact
and contiguous territory as nearly equal
in population as may be, and each district
snail ue entitled to elect one senntor.
These Inequalities and the resulting Injus
tice to the people of the commonwealth
ought to be remedied, and 1 most earnest
ly lecommend u prompt reapportionment
of the senatorial and representative dis
tricts In such manner as will conform to
the constitutional requirements.
The last congressional apportionment
was byaet of Slay 19, 18S7. The number of
congress apportioned to Pennsylvania has
varied with each decennial census, t'nder
the census of 18S0 our representation was
twenty-eight, while under the census of
1890 It was Inet eased to thirty members.
As no congressional apportionment has
been made by the general assembly since
the act of Slay 19, 1887, It has become nee.
essaiy since the census of 1890 In order
thut our state may have full representa
tion 111 congress, to elect two members-'it-huge.
In justice to all parts of the com
monwealth this should not be permitted
to continue, and the only remedy Is a re
apportionment of the state Into congres
sional districts containing the fixed ra
tio of population as nearly as may be, thus
giving to each district Its proper repre
sentation lu the national house of repre
sentatives. ELECTIONS.
Our recent enactments- relating to elec
tions, particularly those providing for the
ofllclal ballot, it is believed have met with
general approval. It has been made clear
however, by experience that while the
principle should be retained In our system,
some amendments are necessary to aid in
its proper administration. Under the law.
as It now is. certlllcates of nomination for
candidates for the ofllces of presidential
electors, members of congress and state
oilleers, Including members of the gen
eral tissernbly, are required to be flld .vilh
the secretary of the commonwealth at
least thirty-five days before the date of
the election for which the candidates are
nominated, und nomination papers for
candidates for said offices are re
quired to be filed at least twenty
eight days before election, objection ,o
the validity of these papers may be filed
at any time up to twenty-one days before
the election. These objections Involve oral
hearings before the court of common pleas
of Dauphin county, and u full trial of each
case upon Its merits and the disposition
thereof by the court, so that the secretary
of the commonwealth may be able to
transmit to the county commissioners ind
the sheriff In each county duplieute otll.-i.it
lists containing the names and residence's
of and party or policies represented In all
candidates not found or declared to be in
valid at least fourteen days previous to
the election. The limited time between the
last day for filing objections and the date
at which the secretary of the common
wealth is required to transmit the list to
the county commissioners and sheriffs, a
period of but six duys, Imposes a work
of such magnitude upon the court and
upon the clerical force In the ofllee of the
secretary as to render Its performance
dltlicult If not Impossible.
The use of the sanio political name or
appellation In nomination papers and the
use of such name or appellation for pure
ly local purposes have given rise to much
difliculty and confusion In the ofllee
of the secretary and have occasioned
much and hurried litigation In the court.
One of the results of this defect In the
law Is found lu the increasing size of the
ballot, which has grown to such propor
tions as to create great difliculty and delay
In printing the same. This can be readi
ly corrected by legislative enactment with
out abridging in any degree the lights of
the voter.
The practice of making wholesale pur
chase of tax receipts for the poll or occu
pation taxes assessed against the voters
of the state, for the purpose of corruptly
Influencing such voters in the exercise
of their right of franchise has grown to
such proportions as to he a menace to hon
est elections and should receive legislative
attention. The evil can be easily remedied
by appropriate legislation and the duty
should not lie neglected.
The corrupt use of money In the control
of elections, both primary und general,
must necessarily undermine the founda
tions of our form of government, If ner-slsti-d
In and tolerated by the freemen of
the commonwealth. The debauchery of
the franchise should not only be stigma
tized as a crime but punished as a crime.
The basis of free government must be
maintained in purity or the fabric will fall.
Let such wise provisions be enacted into
law with penalties attached as will drive
for ewer from place and power and from
society, the upollutor of the highest privi
lege and dearest light which the American
citizen can enjoy.
The usu of ofllclal position to which a
citizen has been elevated by his fellow
men for the purpose of controlling the
public will act against the public ad
vantage, or the use of the power or pat
ronage of ofllee to edvance selfish inter
ests or thwart the nubile judgment Is on
a level with the crime of the briber and
the ballot thief The olllee holder should
be the people's servant, not the people's
master. A law upon our statute books di
vorcing from ofllclal station the use of pat
ronage which perverts the honest Judg
ment of the people is demanded by all
right thinking citizens.
DDPAUT.MENT OP AOIUCPLTimE.
The department of ngilcultuie estab
lished by the act approved .March 13, 1'93,
was promptly organized. The secretary
reports that the various divisions of the
department are now fully officered nnd the
work Is progressing us satisfactorily as
can be expected. The enforcement of the
law relutlng to commercial fertilizers ha
been In the personal control of the "ecre
tary and has through licenses regulating
their sale realized the sum of $12,130 during
the year.
The Furmeis' Institutes, under the Im
mediate charge of the deputy secretary
of agriculture, me being held at the rate
of three Institutes dally In different parts
of the state during about four and u half
months of the ye'ur. The instruction given
covers u wide und useful range, the In
structors being among the best of our
practical and sclentllle agriculturalists.
The average attendance at these institutes
during the past year was 230. The work
has been done upon an ullowunee of
$7,300 a year, a sum quite inadequate tor
the purpose.
Professor Hamilton, the deputy jeere
tary of agriculture, in his report stute-s
"that If the appropriations In Pennsylva
nia for this purpose were made us liberally
as is done In the following named states,
the rates arcordlng to population would be
as follows:
Taequalthat of New York. $13,113 per year,
)hlo 21,132
" " Sllchlgllll .. 23,080 ".
" " Wisconsin 37,281 "
Minnesota 31,137 "
When It Is considered thnt these Insti
tute's partake of the nature of University
Extension as applied to agriculture und
are highly appreciated and putronlzed by
fanners, enabling them to secure some
measure of technical training which Is
becoming mote and more essential to suc
cess, It Is uiged thnt tho appropriation
therefore should be more liberal. The In
stitutes also do an exceedingly valuable
work In arousing public Interest In the
subject of agriculture, while the School
of Agriculture continues the work thus
stnrttd and provides for further systema
tic training. Kor the support of both
these agencies the state has made during
the past six years an average annual ap
propriation ot $11,300. which Is an averuee
of 5 4-10 cents for each faun In the stnte.
In other words, out of each $100 appro
priated by the legislature of 1893 7 3-10
cents wns for Farmers' Institutes and
3 3-10 cents for the School of Agriculture,
while 31 cents, covers the entire appropria
tion for agricultural purposes. This
amount, considering the great Intere-sts to
be subserved. Is not only Inadequately but
manifestly disproportionate,
DAIRY AND FOOD DIVISION.
The work done through the enforcement
of the oleomargarine and pure food laws
has -o a considerable extent suppressed
the trallle in fraudulent products. The
necessity for the law and for Its enforce
ment are becoming better understood,
bines to the extent of $8,313 have been col
lected. LIVE STOCK SANITARY HOARD.
The state veterinarian, under the direc
tion of the live sanitary board, has been
actively engaged In suppressing outbreaks
of contagious diseases among farm ani
mals, A large number of diseases of do
mestic animals has been dealt with and In
some Instances serious loss has been lire
vented by prompt and well directed meas
ures. Slore attention has been given to
tuberculosis than to any other single dis
ease, because many cattle owners have
applied for assistance In freeing their
herds of this scourge. Co-operation be.
tween the farmers and this board has re
resulted In the eradication of tuberculosis
in mnny districts. Serious hindrance to
the eradication of inaiiv destructive dis
eases Is found to result from not making
prompt report to the live stock sanitary
board. It Is the duty of the stute veterin
arian to Investigate the cause of every
epidemic affecting the lives and health
of domestic animals. When we consider
that $123,000,000 Is Invested In live stock
in this commonwealth nnd that theyeaily
loss resulting from diseases that may be
prevented Is estimated at $0,000,000, the Im
portance of closed relations between the
fanner and the live s'ock sanitary boaid
becomes apparent.
Pl'HLlO ROADS.
Attention Is again called to the necessi
ty for better public roads. It appears that
we have about 80.000 miles of public roads
In the various townships of the common
wealth, not including turnpike roads and
those found In the cities and boroughs.
These roads are for the most part In u very
unsatisfactory condition, although large
sums of money amounting to almost four
millions of dollars have been spent ev
ery year on their Improvement. This
great sum of money, averaging about
$48,73 per mile, expended annually for
many years past should, If laid out with
Intelligence and economy during the last
fifteen years, have made every public thor
oughfare In the state equal to our best
turnpike roads. There are a number of
general laws legulatlng the road system
of the commonwealth, but there remains
In addition thereto on our statute books
between ton and 300 special laws affecting
as many different localities. Before any
further and general effort nt improve
ment can go Into effect, It Is essential
that our road system be simplified so us to
be brought under the control of but one
or two gvieral laws regulating all the
districts lu the state and forming the
basis of a system for permanent Improve
ment upon which future legislation may
be built.
FORESTRY.
Pennsylvania was originally one of the
best woodi'd of ' the eastern states. For
many years we stood Hist as a. lumber pro
ducing state. With the exception of an
occasional lake or an open meadow, the
entire state was woodland. The forestry
commissioner estimates that about 30 per
cent, of the entire area of the state may
yet be classed woodland, but most of this
has been stripped of Its valuable merchant
able timber. Much of It, although claimed
us woodland, possesses almost nothing
that Is worthy of the name or would be
valued by lumberman for sale or by tho
mechanic for construction. Slany of these
large unproductive tracts present a pic
ture of desolation which cannot well be
contemplated without awakening appre
hension as to their future bearing on the
prosperity of the commonwealth.
Slost of Pennsylvania's timber crop dur
ing the comse of many years floated down
our rivers on the spring freshets In the
form of logs, rafts, arks, and other float
ing combinations of native wood on their
involuntary way to the market. The
north and west branches of the Susque
hanna, the Allegheny, the Slononguhela,
the Delaware and the smaller tributary
streams have annually presented Interest
ing pictures of the passing of Pennsylva
nia's forests from headwater to market.
So profitable has been our timber crop
thut about four-fifths of It has already
been brought to market. The railroads
have Invaded the forests where the
streams were not large enough to float
the timber, and the portable saw mill lias
made havoc with the smaller timber
growths. There cannot be much objec
tion to the removal of a tree after It gets
Its full growth If the removal be for a
lawful purpose. Nor Is It reasonable to ex
pect the farmer or the landowner to give
up his land to the raising of n timber crop
that takes flftv years or more to mature
and that costs him In taxes more than
the natural crop will bring him at the end
of that neriod.
Aside from the money value to the state
and the people, there are other and prob
ably greater considerations to be tukeu
Into account. This Is perhaps the first
generation In this commonwealth that has
been brought face to face with the dangers
anil disasters of a tlmbeiiess country. The
removal of the marketable timber from
our forests, thus cutting' off one of the
great Industries of the state, and the fact
that Pennsylvania Is no longer uble to sup
ply her own Inhabitants the lumber which
they require are of themselves discourag
ing; but. when collided with the appre
hension that further destruction of the
foiests will work perpetual harm to our
agricultural Interests, the situation "be
comes alarming. It Is reeoirnlzed as u fact
that of the waters which fall upon cleared
areas, four-fifths are lost because they
inn Immediately out of the country, while
four-fifths of the waters which falls upon
our forest areas are saved: thus proving
that If the vast volumes of water
which so frequently deluge the state eon1 I
he retained lone enough to soak Into the
ground, destructive floods would be pre
vented and the consequent loss of prou
orty and life averted. Two floods have
occurred within the past eight years of
unequalled proportions nnd destruetlve
ness. Large areas of alluvial soil once
tilled ha'e been abandoned along the
Juniata river because the lepeated flools
have made It Impossible to maintain fences
or mature crops. This Is true, also, of
other portions of the state. During the
lust years the valleys of the Juniata and
the west branch of the Susquehanna hav
lost more than a million do'lars lu the
bridges which were swept away. The re
curring floods overflowing the banks of
nearly all our iIvpis an 1 the consequent
loss of property, the personal danger, ap
prehension and fear are quite enough to
excite serious solicitude.
CIIICKASIAUGA-CIIATTANOOGA
llATTLEFElLD'S CO.M MISSION.
On the 30th day of April, 1891, the govor.
nor commissioned about 1011 of the sur
vivors of the Pennsylvania troops engaged
In. the battles of Chlckarnauga and about
Chattanooga to represent this common
wealth In locating and marking the bat
tle lines and positions of the Pennsylvania
regiments and batteries engaged In those
battles. In co-operutlon with the National
park commission the positions nf the
Pennsylvania regiments and batteries
were marked In September, 1894. On July
3, 1S93, an act of the geneial assembly wus
approved which authorized the erection
of a monument to iach of the seventeen
Pennsylvania organizations engaged In
these buttles, to be erected on their re
spietive battle lines, and made an appro
priation of $1,300 for each monument. An
executive committee was appointed hav
ing power to contract for the erection and
plucing of the monuments, of which com
mittee Colonel Archibald lilakely wus
chairman, Captain W. Skinner, secretary,
and Colonel William A. Robinson, treas
urer. As a result of their work monu
ments have been erected uoon the battle
lines of the following organizations: The
Twenty-ninth, Forty-sixth, Seventy-seventh,
Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth In
fantry; the Seventh. Ninth and Fifteenth
Cavalry ;the Twenty-sixth Light Artillery,
llattery H. and Forty-sixth Light Artil
lery, Battery E. The monuments for the
Twenty-eighth and One Hundred and
Forty-seventh Infantry have been com
pleted for some time, but, owing to the
fact that the National park commission
had not acquired title to the land covering
their respective battle lines on Look Out
Mountain, they are not yet lu position.
THE NATIONAL (3UAHD.
This adjutant general reports the num
ber of men enrolled In the stute and sub
ject to military duty as 839,628. The ag.
gregute membership In the National Quurd
un Sept. 30, 1890, was 8,870. The annual
encampment was by division at Lewis,
town, Pu,, July 20th to 27th, 1890, and was)
successful In every respect. The work of
the week wns nf undoubted benefit to tbn
National (Vuard. The Interest In the en
campment was very much increased by
the presence of Major General Nelson A.
.Miles, commanding the United States
Army,
The secretary of war of the I'nlted
States detailed the following oilleers to
make observations ami report upon tho
condition and efllclency of the Utlard;
Colonel Samuel 8. Sumner, Sixth United
Stntes Calvary; Major John 11. Van llort,
Surgeon United States Army, nnd Cap
tain Jumes A. Leyden, Fourth United
States Infantry. These ofllcors were close
observers of all the work done and their
published reports speuk In the most com
plimentary terms of the elllclency of the
troops. Colonel, Sumner In concluding his
report, states that In his opinion, "The
N'atlonul Guard or Pennsylvania Is a body
of well-disciplined nnd efficient soldiers,
prepared for any call made on them. Tho
general tone and feeling Is noticeably high
and the manly respect for rank and posi
tion shows a proper appreciation for obli
gations voluntarily assumed." Slajor Van
Hoff says In his report that the personnel
of the medical department Impressed him
as being of excellent material, Captuln
Leyden snys, "The National Guard of
Pennsylvania represents the military es
tablishment of a government of about six
millions of people. The otllcers generally
are men prominent In political, social and
financial affnlrs in the districts from
which they come. Slany of the senior of
llcers are men who saw service during tho
war of the Rebellion. The undoubted high
state of efllclency of this volunteer mili
tary organization Is due entirely to n con.
tlnuanee in the Guard of these prominent
and experienced men. Their example and
the discipline they have cultivated will not
be lost when they cease to he active lead
ers. A spirit has been fostered that Is ot
the highest military value."
SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL.
There were appropriated by the last
general assembly the sum of $09,000 for
completing und furnishing the meehunlcal
building tit the Soldiers' Orphan Industrial
school at Scottdaie, Franklin county.
There was also appropriated the sum of
$323,000 for the education, maintenance and
clothing' of the children In the Soldiers'
Orphan Schools and tn tho Industrial
school, to be based upon the per capita ct
$140 per annum to each child In the or
phan schools and $200 per annum to each
child in the Industrial Bchool. There re
mains three soldiers' orphan schools, lo
cated as follows: Chester Springs, Ches
ter county, containing 30G chllden; Har
ford, Susquehanna county, 202 children;
Unlontown, Fayette county, 328 children.
Tho Soldiers' Orphan Industrial school
contains 240 children, making a total of
1,070 children cared for In these four In
stitutions. There remain on tile at this
time over 300 applications for the admis
sion of destitute soldiers' orphans to theso
schools. Slany of these cases are both de
crying and necessary. Owing to the
crowded condition of the schools much
care has been exercised by the commis
sion In selecting those whose necessities
seem to require preferment. The number
of applications remaining on file and for
whom there is no room Indicates that thl
work will have to be continued for soma
years to come.
FACTORY INSPECTION.
The Increase In the number of factory
Inspectors from twelve to twenty as pro.
vlded by the act of April 11, 1893. required a
'districting of the state for the purpose
of factory Inspection. These districts ara
under the direct supervision of fifteen men
und five women. The factories Inspected
number 0,030, giving employment to 207,901
operators, of which number 101,023 were fe
males and 72,014 children between 13 and 18
years of age. One hundred and sixty-one
children under 13 years of age were dis
missed from employment by order of the
inspectors. The increase in the number
of deputies has resulted In a more thor
ough Inspection, nnd a larger number of
accidents was reoorted than during any
previous year. The total number of acci
dents was 1,031, of which seventy-seven
were fatal and 191 of a serious nature. Two
boiler explosions were reported, one at
Hollldaysburg and the other nt Danville,
resulting In the loss of life of twelve em
ployes and thirty-four Injured. The Na
tional Association of Stalonary Engineers,
nt its annual meeting in September last,
reported one boiler explosion for every
working day during the past live years.
The factory dermrtment having no author
ity to Inspect boilers, there should bo log
Islatlon to cover this defect.
Since the passage of the compulsory ed.
ueatlonai law all children between thei
ages of 13 and 10 years should be required
to furnish evidence by certificate or other
wise that they have attended school at
least six months of the school term pie
eedlng their engagement to labor. Tho
present law which limits the age of chil
dren employed In shops and facto'ies
should be extended to apply to all other
avocations In which they are emuloyed,
and the restriction of the hours of labor
to minors to sixty hours a week should
also apply to women. The act approved
the 11th of April, 1893. to regulate the em
ployment and provide for the safety of
persons employed In tenements where
clothing, cigars and others articles ara
made or partially made has been benefi
cial lu securing larger shops, Improved
sanitary conditions, lire escapes and other
needed improvements In and around thn
work room. This law Is now evaded by
what Is called the "family worker," or
those who take shop work home to be com
pleted and then sublet It In various ways
that entirely evade the law. The law
should be so amended ns to require all
family workers to have a permit from the
factory department befoie securing work,
certifying that their house Is clean and lu
proper sanitary condition. Such workers
should also be brought under the control
of the factory department. The condi
tion of the sweat shop and the "family
worker" In our large centers of popula
tion, some of them being of the lowest and
vilest character, must convince our Intel
ligent citizens of the Importance of mora
stringent Immigration laws.
HANKING DEPAHT.MENT.
The banks, saving Institutions and t-ust
companies of the state last year held the.
sum of J21S,907,981.72 as deposits, being an
Increase over the preceding year of a lit
tle over $11,000,000, und there was at tho
same time in the bunds of trust compa
nies the enormous sum if $374,241,784.83 of
trust funds. Tho utmost protection should
be extended to these laige Interests. From
the statistics it would seem that build
ing associations doing bttslues under any
other than the purely local plan are really
bank or coiporatlons for investment, by
means of which enormous amounts ot
money are escaping the common binder
of taxation.
ATLANTA EXPOSITION.
Tn response to nn Invitation to the slate
of Pennsylvania to participate In the Cot
ton States and International Exposition
at Atlanta, Gu., a Joint resolution of ira
house and senate was passed .May 2, U93,
providing for the appointment of a com
mission to prepare for Said exposition a
proper exhibit of the products and le
sources of the commonwealth, and an ap
propriation of $30,000 wns made for that
pin pose, A subsequent act provided for a
ladles' auxiliary commission, for which an
additional appropriation of $8,000 wis vot
ed. Under authority of the act. Thnmui
J. Ktenan, jr., of Pittsburg, was appoint
ed secretary of the commission, and to
him was entrusted, under dlrectlin of loo
commission and its executive oumnuttee,
the preparation and display of he stuta
exhibits and the general executive work
of the commission. The state building was
lu every way a creditable structui. r-ml
occupied one of the most accessible and
commanding' situations on the exposition
grounds.
On Nov. 14, 18U1, the day officially des'g
nated by the exposition management ui
"Pennsylvania Day," the uoinuihrslort
visited Atlanta In a body, Inspected tho
state exhibits and participated In the
ceremonies of the occasion. The display
made by our private exhibitors were also
highly creditable and compared tuvo-.ibly
with those from other states. I am r-au.
fled to announce that out of the nptro
Pliatlons of $38,000, the sum of $7,420.33 re.
malned unexpended and reverted to tha
state treasury when the work of tne com
mission was completed.
With the growth of our population and
tho development of our material energies;
and Industries, all departments 0f tha
state government are necessarily en
larged and are constantly growing After
a careful examination of the sltuitlon,
and with a view both to economy and ef
llclency, It Is recommended that us soon
as the conditions of the finances permit,
an additional or third story bo added to the
new executive building for the further oe
corumodatlon of the several departments,
and an additional or second story to tha
state library for the uses of the Suproma
und Superior courts, the various stata
boards and other organizations required
to hold stated meetings at the capltol.
Daniel H. Hastings.
The King of
BEECHAM'S.
Fills 1 Qeecham'a.