TITE SCRAlsTON" TlirRUXE SATURDAY MOBXING, MARCH 23, 1895. 11 Of and About the Makers of Books. THE STANDARD DICTIONARY. Second Notice of Volume Second. In a country so varied as our own, dialectic forms of speech are inevitable. It is already a problem how to preserve the unity of the language and how to resist the tendency, even of educated persons, to employ one language for colloquial purposes, and another and often widely different language for the purposes of written composition. Again, the making of new words and phrases which species of manufacture is pushed forward, in America, at a pace com mensurate with our material Indus triesrequires to be governed by whole pome principles, lest the purity of the motheivtongue be sullied by graftings of rank alienisms, archaisms, obsoletcs, provincialisms, technicalities and idlot isms, Finally, we have the importance of using the good and well-established words correctly, nnd not loosely, Inapt ly or in the slipshod fashion which nurtures bad grammar, bad writing and general Indifference to pure forms of speech. The newly completed Stand ard dictionary sounds, in this direction, a new note in dictionary-making by de voting an Interesting appendix to it dis cussion of the general principles which determine correctness In English speech nnd writing, followed by a list of words und phrases, arranged in alphabetical order, which are frequently misused by speakers and writers. We shall confine the present notice to a brief scrutiny of this appendix, which offers a fertile field of instruction to all English-speaking people. I. Itrondly speaking, we decide whether certain diction or pronunciation be faulty or not by comparing It with cer tain standards decreed by the three sciences of lexicology, grammar and rhetoric. The first science tells us, nt once, that the word "cablegram," for example, Is faulty, in that it combines elements from two languages, one nine teenth century French and the other pre-Christian Creek. The second tells us, with equal directness, that the par ticiple "heated" cannot be superseded by "net;" that "ought not" is correct while "hadn't ought" is intolerably er roneous; and that "animalculae" should Instead be "anlmacutes." Finally, by means of rhetoric, we learn to choose our words as the warrior chouses his weapons, so that we may get the best results from their use. There is. how ever, a supreme court before which the laws of lexicology, grammar and rheto ric must come for review. This is the concensus of usage which may and often dues declare a badly-formed word good or a faulty locution pardon ably for special reasons. Even this high tribunal, however, is In its turn subject to certain rules and regulations, which It may not violate. Usage, to be good, must be (1) national that is, gen eral among the English-speaking peo ples or at least among an authoritative part of them: (2) It must be reputable, having the sanction of the best authors; and Cil It must be present, and not obsolete. Words or phrases which suc cessfully run these various gauntlets may be used with confidence, for they will have become an Integral part of the pure, English mother-tongue. .. But how shall we deal with the new words and meaning, called for con venience, "neoterisms," that continually nrljit' in our daily conversation and In our literature? These children of the language are in no small measure its hope and strength; but obviously some restraints must govern them. It Is nowadays generally agreed by lexico graphers that a new word, to be ad missible Into the language at all, ought either to supply, as we may say, a long felt want (as, for example, the new words "cult," "locomotive," "electro motor") or else be an Improvement on a word already existing (as In the case of "crank." which In a syllable ex presses what previously would require sentences of explanation). There are certain minor restraints upon the frce rolnage of neoterisms; as, for Instnnce, that a new word shall obey some an alogy and that It shall be reasonably pleasing to the car. But the great rule la that It shall fill a long-felt want or savs time. Thus, such neoterisms as "trust," "combine'," "nihilist," "com munist" and "plutocrat" are neither euphonious nor consistent with any law of analogy, but they supply a distinct need of the public, and the public there fore adopts them, whether the purists like It or not, II., Let us now consider a few of the words and phrase that we Americans commonly abuse. How often do we hear such an expression as "The ser mon appeared in an abbreviated form. when the speaker's meaning was that It appeared In an abridged form? A cr tain portion of the human anatomy, the abdomen, which many persons accent on the first syllable, should Invariably receive accent on the penult. When one refers to "the above statement" he Is Kttllty of making a clumsy adjective out of an excellent preposition. It Is Just as easy and more finished to say "the foregoing" or "the preceding state. ment." When you "accept of" a gift you overdo the thing, since the preposl Hon Is unnecessary. "Acoustics" takes a Rlngular predicate. Much confusion commonly arising from the use of ad jectives and adverbs would be avoided If the general principle were clearly fixed in minrl that an adjective Is cor rectly used In close association with a verb when some quality of the subject rather than of the action of the verb Is to be expressed. In "He feels sad," the adjective denotes a quality of the sub Ject. But In "You are looking badly' the Idea expressed Is in part the man ner of appearance, as distinguished from the purely ndjectlval use of the word "bad," which Implies moral (lore. notion. The sense, In any case, must decide when the adjectival and when the adverbial form is accurate. If all writers and speakers would pause long enough to make sure of the sense of their remarks, errors In diction would ftoon become fewer than they are. Only slipshod writers use the word "uggravute" as synonymous with "pro. v voke or "exasperate." It means "to Increase In Intensity or seriousness," and may not Imply provocation or exasperu Hon ot all, although It frequently dors Imply these meanings. The contrac tion "ain't," always Inelegant. Is often positively obnoxious; as In "Ho ain't Koing," for "He Is not" or "Isn't going." "Ain't"' Is a vulgar contraction of "am nor or "are not. - wnenaused with a singular subject in the third person, It la utterly ungrammatlcal. Another prevalent Inaccuracy Is the use of the. words "all of," as In "I saw "all of Some of the Latest Volumes To Issue from the Press. them," to denote totality. The usage Is widespread, Uut the preposition Is unnecessary, and should, therefore, for economy's sake, be dropped. When we remember the assertion of the French statistician, printed in this paper one week ago, that superfluous words and letters in the French and English lan guages represent an annual waste of $:!2,U00,(0(, or more; than enough to give every head of a Seranton family $1..'00 cash In the bank, the Importance of checking the prodigal' use of printer's ink will require no further argument. A much-abused vocable Is the word allow." "1 allow to pay It," meaning "I Intend to pay it," is a manifest vul garism. "He allowed that we ought to succeed." meaning "Ho thought we ought to succeed" is hardly less obnox ious. "1 will allow that man Is sinful" Is Incorrect because no man can "al low" what exists In spile of him. The proper word, in that ease, is "concede," it being a mental yielding. "Allow" Is often used In the sense of "permit: as, i they allowed us to use their boat." I This latter usage has eminent author- i Ity; but there is a fine shade of differ- enee between the two meanings. "We ullow," says the Standard dictionary in its vocabulary treatment of this sub ject on page 5(1, "that which we do not Utempt to hinder; we permit that to which we give some express authoriza tion." Also "we allow a child s innocent Intrusion, we concede a right: grant a requit; consent to a sale ol proptrty; permit an inspection ol accounts; sanc tion a marriage: tolerate me ritiiencss of a well-meaning solvent; submit to i surgical operation: yield to a demand r necessity against our wish or will; and yield something under compul sion." Another aid to the correct differ entiation of the word "allow" from Its synonyms may be cited in the follow ing passage from Kichard Grant line ("Words and Their Uses," page 90): We may allow, or admit, that which we have disputed, but ot which we may have been convinced; or, we may allow certain premises as the basis of argu ment; but we assert, not allow, our own opinions." In similar peril of misuse is the word allude." Jt means "to refer delicately r Incidentally to a person, subject or place." Here, again, we consult, with profit, the vocabulary treatment of this word on page To of the Standard dic tionary and find its meaning Illumined as follows: "We allude to a matter slightly, perhaps by a word or phrase, as it were in byplay: we advert to it when we turn from our path to treat It; we refer to It by any clear utterance that distinctly turns the mind or atten tion to It; ami we mention a thing by explicit wind." Thus, "the speaker ad verted to the recent disturbances; he alluded to the remissness of certain public ofllcers; though he mentioned no name, it was easy to sec to whom he referred." III. The thirty-ninth verse of the first chapter of the gospel according to St. John has been criticised by certain stu dents of our language for its fancied misuse of the conjunction "and." It is as follows: "He saith unto them, 'come and see.' They came and saw where He dwelt." Yet the same meaning would not have been conveyed had the verse read: "He saith unto them, 'Come to see.' They came to see where He dwelt." "And" is rightly used to superadd the action of one verb to that of another, "fin and get It" Implies two nets, the first essential to fTi" sec ond. "Try and do It" does not Imply two acts, its meaning being "Make an nttenilt to do it." In the latter case, therefore, the conjunction Is incorrectly used. Whenever "and" can be replaced by the simple Infinitive, without chang ing the meaning, this change should be made In the Interest of good diction. Two nouns connected by "and" may be followed by a singular verb when the two nouns are hut different expressions for the same thing; as, "The grandeur and glory of his throne Is proverbial among the nations." One may be "approached" by a briber, one nska or petitions another for a favor. One "argues" a case but dis putes a bill; while in debating there may be an abundance of talking but no arguing. One's trade, business or source of livelihood through labor Is his "vocation;" but what one does, us a pastime, or side enterprise, apart from the routine of the clay, Is his "avoca tion." One resides "In" the country, "at" n small place but "In" n town, city or village. One arrives "nt" London; but If one locates there, one Is said to live "in" London. One receives a "se vere," "painful" or "serious" wound, not n "bad wound. He who "wants to, see his friend badly" means, of course, that he greatly desires to see him. One hears the "romninder," not ihe "balance" of the symphony, "balance" always Implying an equal division ns by the poising of scales. "Beastly" weather does not exist, because the weather under no circumstances can be said to resemble a beast; the nearest approximation to accuracy In such n use of this ndjecllve Is reached when we say that lllchnrd line whs "b"astly" drunk; but here our friend Tallle Mor gan would probably protest that thin Is a wanton libel on the bonsts. When one promises to "be back directly" he means, "return" or "come back." A house is "being built" (upon Ihe sane lion of the best writers for more than a century) notwithstanding that Itlchard (Irani While and certain others desired us to say that the house "Is building." The distinction Is nppureut when we contrast the similar expression, "He Is bleeding" (us a wound) with the pas sive phrase "ie In being bled" (as by a surgeon). One can reside "between" two large houses and "among" several such houses. A house, by the way, can be either big, large or great, usage having permitted these words to have Inter changeable meanings when applied to non-sentient things; but a big mnn need not necessarily be a' great man, nor a great mnn a large man. Napoleon, by many considered the greatest man of modern times, was a small man. In stature. "Both," as a conjunction usually conveys the Idea of two persons or things, such us "Both John and James went to school." Hut it Is permissible to snyt "He lost nil his live stock both horses, cows and sheep," because "both" here .perforins a function not within thepnwrr of any other equnlly economical word. Is It correct to say "both of us," ('both of them?" Is the preposition necessary? Literally speaking, it Is not, but widely prevalent usage among eminent gram mnrlans has Invested these and similar expressions With the semblance of pro priety. I "Hut" Is not to be used where "than" will till its place. Thus, "1 have no other recouse but that" should instead be, "I have no other recourse than that," a point made clearer If we trans pose the sentence thus: "I have no re course other than that," which Is-palpably more satisfactory than "I have no recourse other but that." The preposi tions "with" nnd "by" cause much per plexity, which could be overcome If the rule were, borne in mind that "by" Is properly used before the agent or doer; "with" before the Instrument or means. Thus, President Carnot was killed "by" the assassin, Caesare Santo, "with" (by means of) a dagger. The point is elucidated In the vocabulary treatment of "by" on pages 2.19 and 2ti0. where we learn that "by" refers to the agent; "through" to the means, cause or condition; and "with" to the instrument. "Hi" commonly refers to persons with," to things; and "through" may refer to either. This is Illustrated by means or the following sentence: "The road having become Impassable thiiuigh long disuse, a way was opened by pioneers with axes." "My" may, however, be applied to any object which is viewed as partaking of action and agency; as, "the metal was I corroded by the acid;" "skill is gained I by practice." We communicate "with" a person "by" letter. "Through," on the other hand. Implies a more distant con nection than "by" or "with." and more Intervening elements. Thus, "material i objects are perceived by the mind, through the senses. i But we must hasten on. A number I of points of interest and value In this appendix can be noted only in the brief l it manner. W ithout further explana tion, we append, In alphabetical form, come additional words or phrases Unit often cause trouble: eailaver-neceiiteil on the penult, in which j I he "a" Is Ion:;. j Cairo-long "!" in Egypt; long "a" in II- j linois. caleiilau never means "Intend." calculated A measure Is calculated to do good when the fact that It will do good Is foreseen nnd made the basis of calcu lation: but a nie.u m o is designed, not il liberal oly calculated, to do harm. can often niismed for limy, fan always refers lo some form of possibility; may to something for which permis sion Is reuulsltc. One "can," I!' In sound hci'.l'.li, use his neighbor's shovel; but whether he, may use it or not. unothcr question. citizen lifers to one who has assumed certain civic relations; as distinguished from a person, who may not be a cl'l Zcll. claim nn :-.si rtlon bucked by a willing ness to maintain it. "lie claimed that the earth was round" Is wrong as or dinarily used 111 the sense of "He as serted," etc. . clergy means a number of clergymen, taken collectively. climax a serie s of ascents, of which acme Is the final one. compare to or with we compare one thing with unother, to discover points of re semblance or difference; but we coin pare ono thing to another which we believe It resembles. condign means deserved; one cannot therefore, "deserve condign punish ment" because the deserving Is already i 1 1 1 , t i 1 . conlemptil.'e refers to quality; contempt uous to manner or motive. conn ttlst spelled with three "ts" nnd ac cented on the tlrst syllable. "Cornisl" and "corneter." formerly the only words admissible, are marked variant by Hie Standard dictionary. damage vulgarly used to denote cost or expense. defalcate accent on the second syllable, In which ihe "a" Is short. depositary denotea a person with whom, (kpmllory a 'place III which anything Is deposited fur safe keeping. differ with, differ from we differ with those who shnre our beliefs, mid from those who hold antr.gonlstle beliefs. dispell-!! we dispense the truth when wo spt.ik it; we dispense It to our audi ence when It lieara in speak the truth and we dispense with it when ve ut ter falsehoods. divers Implied severally; diverse, dif ference. don't an accepted contraction for "do not" and therefore plural; "doesn't," supplies the singular meaning. each, eery "each one has his room;" "everybody has his room;" never, "ev erybody has Iheir room." eat past tense either eat (pronounced ft) or ale. elder, oMer older applies to either per sons or things; elder, to persons only. elegant that Is, marked by symmetry, grace or refinement; choice or delicate In structure, form or action; not, there fore, to lie used Intorchaic'ubly with handsome, beautiful, pleasing or charming. emigrant one who comes from n country; Immigrant, one who gois to or enters n country. epithet nn inljertlve or iidjeetlval term or phnise; not a noun. equally well not "equally as well." event ue te to have particular event or Is sue; now n word in good standing. exodus menus a general going out; exit a single departure. expect should not be used for "think," "hrjleve." "hope," "predict" or "sup pose." experience something coming within the range of personal sensation. female relates ton sex; woman, to the fe male of the human species. fetch means a double action, described by "go and bring," Hrstls Itself nn adverb; but second Is not; therefore, say tlrst, secondly, thirdly, clc. fix Is an Americanism In the tense of re pair; the word's proper meaning Is akin to that of place or fasten; us "he fixed n statue on Its pedestal. " fix never to be used for condition; us, "thlnps are In a bail fix." folk means peoples; folks, n number of people, from not proper when used ns In, "He died from cholera." Say, "He died of cholera;" or, "from the effects of chol era " future never iir"d with the past tense; say "subsequent." gerrymander the "g" Is hard. got -Inn the si'ise of acquired, procured: but not of possession. - "He has long cars;" but, "He has got his break fast." grow It Is proiK'r to say "grow small;" grow Is hero used In the sense of be come, hnd ought the uo of any part of (lie .verb "have" with "ought" produces a vulgarism. hnd nit her be Just ns good ns "would lather be," nnd shorter. hain't a vulgarism, always. handy properly said of persons or thln-cs within roach. have do not use ns a pust tense following another past tense where whit w ns "meant, " "Intended" or the like was, 111 the time when Intended, some net future In '.ts purpose nnd not the past: p. g., not "He. meant to liuve gone," but "lie meant to go." On, the other hand, the doubling of the past tenses In connection with the use of "have" with n post participle Is necessary when the completion of tliu future net was Intended before tho ocrurroni'o of something cNe mentioned or thought of; ns, "I meant to Ijave Vis bed i'urls before father arrived." help In "no mora than I can help" It means avoid; why not say so? however ill "huwever,could ho do 11?" Is ; vulgar. hydropathy-accented on the second syl- In hie, If do not use for "whether." ill used hitnrehnngiilily with nick; al though "111" geiiernlly means a light uttuek of "slcknes.1," sudden nnd ephemeral. Illy there Is no such word; one would not sny, "Ho scteil welly," would one? In, Into the former denotes posit Ion, tttute, etc.; the latter, tendency, direction, drsUnutton, as, "I throw the stone Into the water, after which act It lies In the water." index pliuulized us "Indices" when mean ing mathematical or abstract signs; "Indexes," when meaning tables of contents. Inferior when you nay "an Inferior ar ticle" you suggest comparison, but with what? However, general usage sanctions this use of 'the word. In our inldst this Is tho locution to which Charles A. Dana, so strenuously ob jects. What Is wrong with It? "In our inldst" exactly equals "In tho midst of us," uny way you look at It. We can not get the sense of any difference through our head; nor does tho Stand urd (licUonaty enlighten us, except to sny thnt "In our midst" has eminent sanction. In so fur as the first word Is unnecessary. Italic both "i"s tdiort; accent on second syllable. Jeopardize derived from Jeopardy; a good ,vonl of eminent sanction, gradually replacing "Jeopard." Jew, Hebrew, Israellie a good distinction, net made clear In the dictionary, Is to remember that Hi brew names the lan guage nnd race of the Israellie . na tion; while .lew names the believer in ihe Jewish religion. , jewelry a collective notin, referring to many Jewels, Journal derived from the Fritich from the Latin "dlui'iuills," meaning daily. To say "dally journal" Is, therefore, In a Moral interpretation, equivalent to saying n "dally dally." while there Is no such thing as a weekly journal " (dally) or monthly Journal (dully). It la doubtful, thoiiMli. If tills word can be restored to Us true me. mini;. kinsman to be preferred lo the loo'U i words "relative," "relation," "eonncc- I loll." lady the feminine of lord, hence n wo man of refined und superior tastes. Ah indicating a mere distinction of se: is sheer vulgarism; as. "John Smith and lady" for "John Smith nnd woman or wife." "Woman" Is a word that carries with H no reproach; fortunately most women are ladies. laryngitis third syllable accented, long "I." lufct. latter Hie former word, being super lative, must refer to three or more ob ietls; tho latter, being comparative, lo nol more than two objects, lay. lit the former Is a verb transitive, always requiring an object; the latter a verb Intransitive., not taking an ob ject. "f.nyV" principal parts are: "lay," "laid" "laid;" "lie's," "lie," "lay," "lain." learn net to be used for "teach;" as, "1 i will learn (teach) you Cheek." ; long! hi ned correct as a verb. In purilclp I inl form: ua, "lie lengthened the dU I course." Incorrect as ail adjective; as, "He quoted a lengthened pussii;;e." lengthy u stronger word than "lorn;" sug gesting teillousness. A "kiiglby" ser mon Is mi unusually long und tedious sermon. lengthways, endways, sideways sny. In stead, lengthwise, endwise, skit-wise. lesser an Irregular comparative of emi nent sanction. lethargic accented on the second syllable. liki should not be list d for "as;" as, "she thinks like (as) I do." limited faultily used for "small," "scant," "slight." cte. "I,lmlied" Implies a nieasnremint or staking out, a tl.ln; of limits. lot, lots as, "1 sold a lot of tickets," "!u had lots of fan," uro colloquialisms ul most vulgar. Bettor lie on the safe side by using neither word In this sense. love, like we "love" Cod, our wives and our children: we "like" ronst beef or chewing gum. "Lovely" should not be applied Indiscriminately to objects that please the senses. lyeeuin accented on the second syllable. nnd means crazy, not merely angry. make one. strictly speaking, does not "make" money unless he be n counter feiter; lie "gains," "earns" or "ac quires" It. maniacal second syllable accented, Ion,? marital applies to husbands only. merely not equivalent to "simply," al though the distinction Is n line one. middling not permissible as nn adverb. mighty to say "He was mighty weak" Is a colloquialism hardly of suflielent dig nity to pass Into literature. mistaken erroneously used U9 times out of every hundred: yet everybody knows that when he Is mistaken he Is not, us the word means literally, "nils-taken." (i hat. Is, taken amiss) but merely In er ror. One cannot now change the geii- ' eral usage of this word. museum second syllable accented. Mussulman pluralized ns Mussulmans. nice means characterized by discrimina tion nnd judgment, rellned, modest, fastidious, exactly fitted or adjusted, npi, accurate; therefore not to be used for "pretty," "agrei able," "pleasant." none may be cither singular or plur.il; but most frequently plural: ns, "none of these words are now current." nor. or "or" couples synonyms; "nor," alternatives: as, "He has no money or credit," credit here meaning nil ampli fication of money. In "He has no money nor credit" credit means an al ternative. occult second syllable accented. of all others "lie Is the greatest patriot of nil;" not, "of nil others." of uny the statement thnt a newspaper "has the largest circulation of uny !n the city" Is wrong; It should have tho largest of all. or larger1 than liny other. off "Oct off the earth," not, "get off of tho earth." onerous first "o" Is short. only a dllllcult word to regulate. The general rule of ihe Standard dictionary Is "lo place the 'only' next to the word or phrnre lo be qualified, arranging the rest of the sentence so that no word or phrase that the word might be regarded us qualifying shall adjoin II on the other side;" as, "Only his moth er spoke to him," Instead or "Ills moth er only spoke to h'.m." onto expresses a shade of mennlng not expressed by any other word; hence ire to become a word In good stand ing. orate contemptuous expression moaning "lo talk wlndlly." In thnt sense, good, although colloquial. ordeal necented on the tlrst syllable, or-lho-ip-li-t third syllable accented, short "e " over now properly used to express "more than;" as, "He ate over a dozen ap ples." This usage, however, Is sharply criticized. padrone three syllables, second one ne cented. papyrus second sellable necented. paresis first syllable necented. port v except In law does n:t equal "person."- people ninny persim". Pay "Hiive per sons" Instead of "three people." perfect not nhsotuto but relative in com monly used; hence "more perfect" and "most perfect" are admissible. plenty "Fruit Is plentiful," nol "fruit Is plenty." precedence second syllable necented. presentation Hist syllable aecciited. preventive never "preventntlve." program lietter than "pi ogrnmme," be cause two letters shorter, lietter leave "me" off the program, promise refers to a future performance, ns distinguished from "nssure," which hns n present meaning, proposal Is something offered to be done; "proposition," something offered for mental consideration, purpose menus "Intend:" ns. "I purpose to go;" never, "I propose to go." proven better use "proved." quality refers to good or bud characteris tics; nut to Koclul ntunding. qunntlty snld of thnt which In mensure- nble; "number," of thnt which run bo -counted. raise must hnveun object; when ued In transitively, It should be "rise." raise, rear we "rulso" cattlo hut we "rear" children. reside one lives In a house or home: but, when one becomes opulent, ore resides In a residence. resurrect vlllii'nous when applied to body-snatching. right never nn obligation or a liability. A "rliSit" Is Inherent; a "prlvllego" Eomnthlng acquired. robust second syllable uccentetl, bsme, alao, of "romunee." .... resource accented on the last syllable, sacrilegious third sylluble accented; long "e." scarcely do not confuse with "hardly." It refers to quantity: as, "scurcely a bushel;" while "hardly" refers to de gree; us, "It wus hardily correct." set, sit we "Hit" down, but "set" a box down. sewage, Bewerage the former Is the re fuse matter which the hitter system of sewers curries away. shall, will; would, should futurity Is ex pressed by "shall" In the first person, und by "will" In the second and third, while determination Is expressed by "will" In the tlrst, and by "HhuU" In tho second and third. "Would" and "should" follow out this rule. sight only used by the vulgar for "quan tity" or "number;" ns, "sights of peo ple" for "many people." since used Instead of "ago" when refer ring to quite recent past time. sojourn a temporary residence In a place not one's home.. "Stop" at a hotel means to come to u standstill there; "sojourn" ut u hotel means to live there, for u lime, some refers to both quantity and num ber. splendid properly means "shining," "gl't lerlng," "lustrous," "magnificent," "imposing," "gorgeous," "Illustri ous," "giantl." "Klorlous;" not, ihere fore, "ttf.'reeable," "pleasant;" us, "a splendid time." stop an liistnniancoii"., not u continuous action, line ".steps" as olla starts,' suddenly; one "s-iays" over nlfchl lit an Inn. stricken unless Implying misfortune, bet ter sny "struck." succeed one can "succeed," I. e., follow, another; one cannot "succeed himself." tedious has three syllables. Ti rpsielioii an fourth syllable nceented. thou a Biiggcsted pronoun, third per ron, common gender, meaning "thai one, he, she or it." to Il Is permissible to "split the Infinit ive." The best writers do this. transmigrate accent on Hie lust syllabi". transpire means "lo become known through unnoticed i haunels; lo exhale, as it were. Into publicity through In visible pores." Hence, never to be us 'd iinereliangeably mm "oecun-jd" or "happened." ugly used in Englnnd to describe nppcir anee; in 'the fulled Slates also to de scribe quality. Thus, an ucly woman In England is a woman who l-n't ha.rl some; but in this country she may be handsome but vicious. unfrequented third syllable accented. unique nieans unparalleled, without a duplicate ur rival; hence, not simply strange or curious, urea Hist syllable aecentt -d. niter as an udjecthe Is always used In all unfavorable sense, vagary seqond syllable uecenled. valued, valuable-a friend Is "valued;" nt- should be; his property Is "valuable." variola second syllable .accented; lon-j "i." venal, venial-deliberate betrayal of a trust Is a "venal" sin; the theft of a lonf of bread ten "venial" one. verse one line of poi.try; not u stanza, virulent short "I," not "er." voluntarily first syllable ui-ceniid. wharf In the plural, either "wharfs" or "wharve." who Improperly used for "whom" In the sentence, "Who do you refer lo?" Whose the use of "whose" In place of "of which" Is good style; as, "Poetry, whose chief purpose," le. Without never to be used for "unless' or "excel .I;" at "Without he come. I cannot go." Wl e-'s, see one can "witness" a murder; , but one cannot "witness" a house, zodaleal second sylluble accented; long , "1." One takes leave of thin dictionary with a now sense of the number and variety of tli meanings which can be expressed by means of the English language; und also, with a profound sense of the magnitude and value of the work performed by the makers of this latest and finest treasury of Eng lish words and phrases. L, S. It. SO.MK RI-CKXT FICTION. Tn "liryond the Dreams of Avarice" (Xew York: Harper & l'.ro.l, Walter Hesant presents a telling picture ..f the corrupting power of ill-gotten wealth, l.ncian Calvert Is a young physician, masculine, masterful and successful. His father, on his death bed, tells Luelan 'that Calvert is not his ltal name, but only a middle name, the proper surname being Hurley, by whit h name Lucian's grandfather, hitherto unknown to Lnclan, had accumulated millions of money out of operations ns a manager of gambling hells, a pawn broker and nn all-round trntlieker In human vice. Lucian's father hud fore sworn tho family name so as to escape this contaminated fortune; but the grnnds-on Is no sooner told of his pos sible heirship than there begins t.i work In bis breast, unconsciously at tlrst, the Insidious leaven of coveteousness, ava rice nntl gived for name and wealth and power. The development of this pas sion to Its culminating point where the victim sacrifices wife, friends, profes sional prospects and almost every prin ciple of honor to it, only to learn, after a few hours' anticipatory possession, that a newly-found will has robbed him of every penny, Is sketched with a graphic hand. The young man recov ers from this blow ami as we lake leave of Mm, bids fair once more to be come a useful member of society; but the vlvldly-drawn lesson of his tempta tion nntl fall remains burned in the mind, ns If seared there by heated In struments. An admirable bit of fooling which will prove a welcome diversion from weightier cares comes to ns from the Harpers In Hayden Carrtith's "The Ad ventures of Jones." Jones Is nn Iowa or Kansas gentleman of rural procli vities we forget which, nor dors It matter whoso range of adventures runs all the way from being rolled across two states In n spherical cyclone house to a series of most unique ex ploits In the home of the polar bear. There is no effort ut releir;llle uccur iey In Jones' peregrinations. Like the wind, ho bloweth ns be PMeth. Hut one foils, ns be surrenders to the tonic swing of this nirgresslve western tale teller, that If Jones didn't do the things that are set. forth In his book of trav els, It wasn't because of any hick of origlnnllty or nerve on the part of the aforesaid Carruth. Munchausen was circumstantial: whereas, Jones Is ltret llartesque. We perfer the "forty niner" fashion. Hence we sny that the man who reads Jones without Interest Is too stupid tti run nt Inrge; for such a man will be buncoed l.y the gold brick game or taken In at three card monie, v If one Is not nsked to be too critical, (leorge Hnssett's two r-torlcs, which the Harpers publish In a neat volume under the title of "Hlppolyte and (loldeu Honk," will pass muster nn quite de lightful reading, of a purely entertain ing kind. Wo tnke this writer to b comparatively a new one; In which case the cleverness of the book, its bristling epigrams and n certain moving power of dlnlogue that carries the reader's In terest through to thp end, without flag ging, ought In fairness to receive due praise, while of minor blemishes Ut'tle be said. The mult) point Isvthut he nc ceptably whiles nwny the Idle hour for one who has Idle hours to while nwny; und what more, pruy, could such a .one desire? The Irlnls of a well-reared young girl reduced to tho necessity of working for a living are sympathetically told by Mrs. Lucy C. Llllle in "Alison's Ad ventures" (Philadelphia: Porter & Coates; Seranton: for sale by M. Nor ton). These trials are neither few nor easy; but by vlrtua of sound principles, pluck and wholesome common sense, our young heroine emerges from them unsullied and happy, marrying her lover In the last chapter with true wo manly devotion. "Alison's Adven tures" Is a noverwlth a purpose. It tries to teach by example that honesty and chastity In women are not incon sistent with success In bread winning. And Its instruction, while never labored, Is always wholesome not a bad recom mendation, we think, In view of the pre valent and not always benetlcal fer ment In literature over problems of sex and society. AUTHORS AND PL' HLISHEftR: ltret Hai tn Is called "The Dickens of tho Sierras" in England. "Lady KUpatrlck" Is the title or Robert Ititchanen's new novel. Victor Hugo's remains have been en shrined In the I'nnthioii. Coiiiiii Doyle l going to Australia to study character for a new book. Zola's ni w work, "The Mysteries of Marseilles," will be Issued In London this month, Itev. S. it. Crockett has resigned from the mlnistiy to tli vote himself to noiel writing. Cnlniicl Ulchurd .Malcolm Jchnson has been ilubb.'il a Doctor of Laws by St. Mary's seminary, llaltlniote. William .Mori Is' latest lorr.unee, "The Wood lleyond the World." is snld lo be n inusierpleee of modern euphuism. Shakespeare's plays Ituvi; been iransla--I ("1 Into the Armenian language, ami tie: tiur.i-lation will soon be published hi Itus sla. I The fourth volume of Professor M'- I Master's "History of the People of the t'nited Slates" has just b en Issu-'d by Ap- i pleton & Co. j j Mrs. Maxwell Scott, of Abbotsford, has i written c blorraphy of Mary, oueen of ! Scots, under Ihe title, "The Tragedy of j Fotherlnguy." i j Spicgeon's publishers In London have , a fifth of them I. s bc.-ii tak"n In America und Australia, j Janes Cre.-lman Is j wotl; on a historical Count Tolstoi (luring ' Vusnyii Polyanu. In Marietta, )., lit novel Htlggcs'ted by :i visit to Tolstoi at readers do not like fill .'e-Vollime book. The English novi 1 the lilollliou of the The type Is email and paper bad ill Ho: new out -volume . Sindou's new revolutions!- play, "Louis XVII." Is based on ihe story of one of Hi. prisons who elslmt d lo be the Dauphin son of Louis XVI. Some of the poems by Mr. Lowell. v! are to iji pear In the fonhcum'.ug eiill.-.- lion made by Prolo-sor Norton, have never been pilntid. , .. . , ,. President I'.ui'e. of the French republic. Is a bibliophile, and has a line colli ( lion of rare editions, ut.d he spend thousari'ls evi ry year adding to It. "Tic Story of Bessie ("ov.r.'ll" will le the title of the nt w story .Mrs. llumphiy Ward Is writing and which will come out in "I'oruhill Magazine." A new vclunio of Lowell's poems Is un nounced. It will ccntaln ell his later poems. Including the one on the bust of (Irani, published in S'-ribncr's, In W)l. A continuation of Dr. Samuel Oardner s I history of Midland, containing a liistoi;. of the cnmmoiiweallliniKl ihe protectorate, Is announced by Longman?, Cocr 4: Co. Uev. Stephen Craiu', in a sermon I preiielied Sunday, in New York, said: "1 believe that Henry Centre, ill his "ProK i n ss and Poverty," has given us Cod's la-.- est thought." Tasso's tercentenary Is lo be observed i ) at Bonn.' by an c:h:b!;t!o!i of manuscripts, j relics und works relating to the poet -i ' I the convent of Sunt' Onolrln, where he j died, April 2.1, h1'.i. A new publication vthhh Is appaiY-ndy j j Intended to emulate the ("liap-l look. Is ' coming out In Phil.'dclphiu. This ! t "Mood; a Journal Iut'.ine," to be conduct- ' i cl by young men of promise. ( Du Munrier slill gets many letters In ev .1 eiy mail from American women telling him tin y have read "Trilby" and anycon vlneed thnt there Is a strong bond of mys tical friendship between them and him. ; William Bus Wallace wrote the famous ' lines: ! "The hand thr t rocks the rradle, j Is the hand th.it moves the world." i But a goon many people huve e-n itl sonie ' thing like II tn prosj. i Arthur Wuugh says that bin Riaelii.vn ! the Scottish liet'on writer, who has come I Into notice during the past year through one or two clever books, is already sulTer Ing from the big head, and talks ns If he j was the novelist of the period lie plus ' ! ultra. ' ' On Forest street, Hartford. Conn.. In j I close propinquity, live Mrs. Harri -t i ! Bt cidier Stowe, Mark Twain, Charles 't I Dudley Warner and Kichard Burton, the! poet, who Is now nt work on a seiies of j : pot ins on everyday sights ami scenes. Burton Is the literary editor of the Hurl- ford Couiant. (leorge P. I'ptnn's hook on the standard t operas, their stories, their iruslc and the1.,- composers, written In flowing, unieeh- j nicul English "description, not criticism" Is Indorsed by the best reviewers ns In- j valuable to the general reader, as giving I n clear understanding of operatic works. It Is published by A. C. McClurg Co. The new edition of Mr. Kipling's In dian tales, which Is now on the Mncmillian press, will present some new stories which lie has Just completed. The edition Is to be In two volume, ench of lluse volumes Including beside the new stories some of the earlier Indian tales the "Soldiers Thne," "I'nder the Deodars," "Itlack uml White," etc. A talk with the author of "Trilby," George Du Maurler, wherein with the same frank kliulllnos and good-fellowship that have made "Trilby" the most popu lar novel of Hie per'o 1. lie tells the story of his lolvt nturous life, and how he be came nn artist nnd. later, a novelist, and how he draws nnd how he writes, will ap pear will) portraits nnd other pictures, in MeCllire's Magazine for April. The Harpers huvo use 1 over 4.000. reams of white paper (about lf0 tons) printing Du Mtuirler's "Trilby." to.supply the sur prising demand. This, too, since last August, when the first edition was printed, other particulars about the publication of "Trilby" are that 2.1.'Km yards of muslin have been us "d for rovers and a.uee.iKU s.i pertlc'.n! Inches of gold leaf f ir the cover decoration, und 2.1 tons of binder's boards have hi en used. New York will nt lust have a llrst-class frit" pnbl'c llhiury. If the plan lo consoli date the Lenox uml Aster libraries nnd In conjunction with the Tllden part of fcl.ooo. ce) found one great re'.lerllon, material-iR-.'s. The consolidation will give u li brary of -KAOixi volumes, of which 2M,i'H are In the Astor library nntl 70.000 In the LenoN, the remainder being books from Mr. Tlblen's nnd other private collections. A new library building will be constructed on the site of Ihe Lenox library. - Ills Anvlelv l.'cllcvcvl. From the Xew York Tribune. Little Jack prays every night for nil the different members of thp funilly. Ills father had been nwny Bt one time for a rhort Journey, nnd that night Jack w.u praying for blin ns usiinl, "Bless paoa und take care of him," lie wiih beginning, ns usual, 'when suddenly he ra'scd bis head a lid listened. "Never ml ml about It now. Lord." ended the little fellow; 1 hear h'.m down In the hull." A XotiiMe PlffercnciJ. From the Washington Btnr. Bridget hud Just InformM tho unwel come taller that the lady was not at home, uml ns she returned to the kitchen she mornllieil. "It make a great differ ence," quoth she, "whin nn' how yci prac tice a gooil t'lng. Not tellln' s lole made (leoigo Washington famous, but, brgor rah, 't would huv losht m me Job," RAILROAD TIME-TABLES Central Ruilroud of New Jersey. (Lehigh and susquohanns Division) Anthracite coal used exclusively, lnsur uig cleanliness and comfort. TiME TABLE IN EFFECT NOV. 18, 189fc Trains leave Surunton for Pittaton, W'llkeN-Barre, etc., nt 8.20, 9.13, 11.30 a.m., 12.45, 2.00, 3.05, 5.00, 7.20, 11.05 p.m. (Sundays. D.Oo a.m., l.oo, z.Id, 7.10 p.m. For Atlantic City, ff.20 a.m. For New York, Newark and Elizabeth, 1.20 (express) a.m., )2.4ii (express with Hu fot purlor car), 3.05 (express) p.m. Bun day, 2.15 p.m. For Mauch Chunk, Allentown, Bethle hem, Euston and Philadelphia, 8.20 a.m., 12.45, 3.05, 6.00 (except Philadelphia) p.m. bundny, 2.15 p.m. For Long Hrtinch, Ocean Grove, etc., at 8.20 a.m., 12.45 rviw. For Heading, Lebanon and Harrlsburg, via Allentown, 8.20 u.m., 12.45, 5.00 p.m. Sunday, 2.15 p.m. For Pottsvllle, 8.20 a.m., 12.45 p.m. Returning, leave New York, foot of Lib. erty street, North river, at 9.10 (express) a.m., 1.10, 1.30, 4.30 (express with Buffet parlor car) p.m. Sunduy, 4. SO a.m. Leuvo Philadelphia, Houdini; Terminal, 9.00 a.m., 2.00 und 4.30 p.m. ijumiay U.27 a.m. Through tickets to all points at lowest rates may bo had on application In ad. vanco to tho ticket agent at tho station, 11. P. BALDWIN. Oen. puss. Agent. I J. n. OLIIAf SEX. Gen. Supt. ' Del., Luck, and Western. Trains leave Seranton as follows: Ex. press for New York und all points East, I 1.40, 2.50, G.15, 8.00 und 9.65 a.m.; 12.55 und 3.50 1 p.m. j Express for Easton, Trenton, phlludel. 1 pbla und tho south, 5.15, 8.00 und 9.55 a.m., ; J2.r-5 ami :i.50 p.m. Washington nnd way stations, 3.55 p.m. ' Tobybaiinii U' eommodatlon, 6.10 p.m. Express for lilniflianiton, Oswego, El ! mira. Corning, Bath, Dansvllle, Mount j Morris and Buffalo, 12.10, 2.:ti u.m. nntl 1.21 ! P.m., rnakltn; close connections at Bt.f I falo to ull points In the West , Northwest unit Suuthwcst. Bath accommodation, 9 a.m. Hhuihamton und way stations, 12.37 p.m. Nicholson accommodation, t 5.15 p.m. Binghumton und Elmlra Express, U.OS p.m. Express for Cortland, Syracuse, Osweifj Utiea and itkhlleld Springs, 2.U5 a.m. and 1.21 p.m. Ithaca, 2.3rj and Ba'h 9 a.m. und 1.24 p.m. For Northumberland, Pluston, Wllkes Burre, Plymouth, liloomshurg und lam. ville, making close connections ut North, mubcrland for Willtumsport, Uurrjsburg, Bal'.linore, Washington und the South. Northumberland und Intermediate sta tions, ti.oo. 11,5.1 u.m. and l.::o and O.o7 p.m. Nantlioke und intermediate stations, 8.1:1 and 11.20 a.m. Plymouth nnd lntur mediHte stations, 3..10 und Ml p.m. Pullman purlor und bleeping coaches on nil express trains For detailed information, pocket time tables, rlr.-., apply to M. L. Smith, city ticket office, .12 Lackawanna avenue, or depot ticket olllce. DELAWARE AND 57?V' HUDSON RAIL i I I It1 i.VD. Ji n.!,? f ' i Al VliHh! fr OommentinK Mor , Qf iP1r t!av, July Z all ti U fa f4 Su i wulurrlve at new I. RA1L- Monday, trains .HC'W- aw.mna avenue station an follows: Trains will leave Seran ton station for (.'urbouibtle und in termediate points at 2.2), 5.45, 7.0), 8 21 and lu.lo a.m., 12.U0, iLiN. i.5i, 5.15, 6.15, 7.25, 9.10 und 11.20 p.m. For Purview, Waymart nnd Honesdale at 7.00, ti.23 and 10.10 a.m. ,12.00, 2.2o and b.it p.m. For Albany. Euratoga, the Adirondack and Montreal at r.41 u.m. und 2.0 p.m. For Vilkus-Barrn und Intermediate ints at 7.4.1, 8.45, 9.3S and 10.45 a.m., !2.U5, 1.2". 4.0U. 5.10. 6.u5. 9.16 antl 11.2S p.m. Tialns will arrive ut Seranton siatioq - from Carbondulo and intermeUlaie pointfl ; at 7.40. 8.40. 9.31 and 10.40 u.m., 12.no. l.li,2,31, 8.40. 4.5-1. 5.55. 7.4.1. 9.11 und 11.33 p.m. From Honesdale, Waymart und Far. ! view at 9.J1 a.m., 12.00, 1.17, 3.10, 5.53 and I 7.45 p.m. i From Montreal, Saratoga, Albany, etc, ' at 4.M uml 11.33 p.m. 1 From Wllkes-Burre nnd Intermedial! ! points at 2.15, s.n, ie.ij.1 und u 5.1 a.m., l.itij ' 2.14, 3.33, 5.1J, ti.US, 7.1.0. ..C3 und 11.16 p.m. mm i Nov. T, 1S94. Train leaves Seranton for Philadelphia nnd New York Ma D. .V H. It. it. ut 7.45 t a.m., 12.0.1, 2.3! and 11. US p.m., via D.. L. & W. R. It.. c.im, law, ll.2o urn., and i.;:u p.m. LeaveScrantnn for Pittston nntl Wilko Barre, via D., L. A: W. K. K., 0.00, S.0S. 11. 2D a.tn., 3.50, (J. 07, fc .'J p.m. I Leave Seranton for White Haven, Ha I sir-ton, Pottsvllle and all points on tho Beaver Meadow niul Pollsville branches I via E. & W. V. K. H.. 6.4W a.m.. via 1). - il. ' !'.. H. ut 7.45 a.m.. 12.05. 2.3i, 4.00 p.m., via ! P.. L. W. H. 11., Coo, 8.05, 11.20 a.m., 1.50, I 3.50 p.m. I Leave Scrnnton for Bethlehem, Euston, I Reading, Harrlsburs and ull intermedial!! ! points via 1). & H. K. It., 7.45 a.m.. 12. ul, 2.:, 4.0H. 11. S ,11.111.. via D.. L. & V. R. it., ' li.oo. k.m. 11.20 a.m., 1.2a p.m. j Leave Seranton for Tunkhunnock. To ! wanda, Elmlra, Lhucu. Geneva and nil ! Inu -rmrdiuw points via p. i- il. it. F... 8 IS i n.m., 12.0.1 and 11.35 p.m., via D., L. & W. - P.. H 8.0S, 9..1.1 n ni., 1.30 p.m. Ijruve Seranton f.r Rochester. Buffalo. Xtugura Fulls. Dcirolt, I'lilcmo and uii points west via T. H. K. H.. f .41 H.ni.. 12.05, 9.1.1. 11. 3S fern., via P.. L. & W. K. U. und Pittston .Hinctlon, S."S, S.fii a.m., 1.1.0, 8.fo p.m., via E. & W. V. It. It., ::.4l p.m. For Elmlra raid the wesl via Snlam.mro, via D. & H. B. It., S-.41 u.m., 12X.. li.co ..;n., via P.. L. & W. It. H., b.ON s..Vi u.m.. 1.3-1, and ti.t)7 p.m. Pullman parlor nnd sleeping or L. V. chair curs on nil trains between L. B. , in..tlon or Willie: Karre nnd New York.. Philadelphia, liuf ufialo. und Suspension linage. BOLLIX If. WILBl'R. Gen. Supt. CHAS. S. LKi;.Cen. P.ish. Agt Phila., Pa. A. W. NUXM'.MAI'HEK. Asst. Ge.u rass. Agt.. South Bethlehem, Pu. r.ric and Wyoming Valley. Trains leave Scrnnton for New York I nnd Intermediate points on the Erie rnll 1 road nt 6.35 a.m. und 221 p.m. Also for i Hones. lale, Pauley nnd local points ut 6.35. P, 4.1 u.m.. ami 3.24 p.m. All tho nboe ure through trnius to nnd from Honesdale. Trains leave lor WllUes-Uurre ut 6.40 a. 1 m. and 3.41 p.m. scn.ivroN DIVISION. In tCetl Sept. lath, 1S0J. Norlli IVmnd. Sou til Hnntlri. 205 403:401 iO'i 40 I, 'iU9 3 B 6latlons I (Trains Pnllv. -in 3- Kxcrpt tMindHvll p l Alrivti D'Avt'i N Y KranliliuSt Went 4-'llil SI; Weeliaw l;en Arrive l-nve 7 1h 7 4.H 7M 810 7 Oil r A U r mi l o 10.) HIM 1'14it Uuucjck .tuuc.i 0 001 1! 0.1I Hancock Starlight Preston t'urk Coino Prtviuella bvhnnnr. riiumnt ML Piiioiidnbi Korscl cur CnrlKin.Ul Whtte llrltlu-e Mnylleld JenilTil AtvhlleuM W'intoii PivkTlilo Oly pliant Ptcltflon Throop Pi-ovldfiire Pork rinoe Hrranlnn Cin; Sll e is DM 6 31 1141 ! .' 40 a; I'. 8 40 t.f 1! M bits l'.'tV) 0M 3 0ti fll.MI II 4:1 fl) M 3 03 a in; 3 Ml l M 01.1 7 10 II II XI 7 ')! 5:t .V17 (1130 7 ft 4 fJOIll iff 8' f.H 4-lif.l fl ilia it is 0 03 8.V 7 31 8 4-1 8.M 548 8M SM 6 04 7 40 7 41 7 4S 7.V ruts 8 Ml 8. Ml 4 04 it it H .Ml it a' H41 II Oft 11 03 841 7 Ml 7. Ml! 4 07 410 414 607 611) 614 6 16 8. 8.1 11 00 8 0.ll 8 0-J 8 0S fiio; SMI (4 1 10 M 4 HIM 8 W A M lae Arrlr l',P II All train run dull! except giinriav. f. hIkiiIUm that tram atop eu aigual for pw tenner, Secure ratra la Ontnrlo ft Western befort niimliatlng ticket nnd wive niouey. -Our tut NilMlUprewtotlw Went J. C. Amlomon, Don. Pmg. Art, T. ni'croft, U1-: 1W Agt,, Sumitou, P. mssm A A
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers