s. STOCKS. <*3 Bix per Cent Ij/jto Oiir 1 hree per Cent iq/3to 4 joS" Deferred Si* per Cent. .... ty6 Si per Cent. . 1 ,^8 4* per Cent. .... , 4 ys BANK United States, .... 24 to 1 25 pr. ccnt. ■ Pennsylvania, .... 26 t« 27 — North America, 48 Insurance Comp. North-America 15 dols. or 50 pr. ct Pennsylvania, - . - 13 pr. ct. Exchavci, at 60 days, ... 160 *»* The above are nominal prices—no buyers. -Amphitheatre. FOR THE BENEFI I OF THE FUND For adding to the Eltatynhment already founded by Mr. RiCketts, For purchasing Fire Wood, To be distributed by the Corporation, AmongftfuchFamilies as maybe diftrefT ed for Fuel in the inclement seasons. On TUESDAY EVENING, April 19, WILL BE PRESENTED, As great a variety of Entertainments A 8 can be poflibly collected, or have yet been exhibited at the Amphitheatre. Mr. Ricketts and every individtil of his Company, will exert themselves to do their ufmoft in ren dering fatisfaftion to those who may please to visit the House for this evening. To particu'arife the various FEATS of Horsemanship, STAGE and other PERFORMANCES, • On this occasion, would it is conceived, be unne cessary j as tiie-e can be little doubt of a great affembUge of Ladies and Gentlemen, * whose humanity will induce their attendance. The Night's Amofements will, I hope, keep pace with the good intention of the inftifiitioij, and render perfect fatisfaftion to every perfoa present. %* Tickets may be had at the box office ad joining the Amphitheatre,-and at Mr. Oellers's Ho lel. •J-'j The Doors in future to be opened at half pafl FIVE, and the Entertainmeat to begin at SEVEN o'clock. *»* Boxes, one dollar—Pit, half a "dollar. Positively the last Night but Two. NEW THEATRE. O" The Public are refpeafslly informed, that the 1 Doors of the Theatre wi.ll open at half an hour after 1 FIVE, and the Curtain rife precisely at half part SIX ; •o'clock, for the remainder of the Season. On WEDNESDAY EVENING, April jo, Will be presented, a TRAGEDY, called hamlet, PRINCE OF DENMARK. J Hamlet, Mr. Moreton, King, Mr. Green, j Ghost, Mr. Whitlock, t - Horatio, Mr. Mar/hall, e Laertes, Mt. ffignell, t Polonius, Mr. Morris, Refenerans, Mr. Worrell,)\m. Guildenftern, Mr. Seete, e Francifeo, Mr. Darley. jun. 1 Marcellus, Mr. Harwood, a Bernardo, ~ Mr. Wa-rell, n Mr. Francis, o Officer, Mr. Bliffett. t Grave Diggers, Me IT. Bates & Milbourne. n Queen, Mrs. SAaro, 8 Opnelia, Mrs. Mar/hall, P Player Queer., Mrs. Rovtfon. * \To which will be added, c (For that night only) reduced to one Art, v The Pantomime Entertainment of it Robinson Crufoe; 11 Or, FRIDAY'S DELIVERANCE. (With the original Music, Scenery, Drefles, C Decorations, &e.) ' 31 Robinson Crufoe, Mr. Bates, Pantaloon, Mr. Worrell, P Pierot, Mr. Darley, jun. o] Capt. of the Ship, ( with a song) Mr. Darley, L Will Atkins, Mr. Beete, t j Sam Stern, Mr. Mitchell, Friday, Mr. Francis. In the course of the Entertainment, _ A DANCE OF SAVAGES, B By MeiTrs. Lege, Worrell, jun. Darley, jun. Mitchell, r Bl'Jfett, T. IVarrell, &c. n| *** On Friday, a Comedy, (never performed here) ft called, RULE A WIFE, AND HAVE A WlFii; T< with the Farce of TWO STRINGS TO YC UR BOW; or the Man wi-!, Two Maflers ; with other ! Entertainments—For the ' ,-nefit of Mr. Har<wood. th BOX, One Dollar—PlT, Three-Fourths of a Dollar— f' and GALLERY, Half a Dollar. „. TICKETS to be had at H. and P. RICE's Book-Store, ft! No. 5 0, Market-Street-, and at the Office adjoining the The ttre. " pe Flares for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Wilis, at the K' Front of the Theatre. •No money or tickets to be returned) nor any person, on any account whatsoever, admitted behind the fcenrs, c WAT RESPUBLICA. tu JUST PUBLISHED, Td [Price 25 Cents] , p] By Samvel H. Smith, N®. i 18, Chef nut.flreet, ta LETTERS OF H E L VI D I US: in, ,In reply to Pdclficus, on iheTrefident's Proclamation if of Neutrality. p]. Ascribed to Mr. Madison. j;, Lately fublijhed, j? Pacificus Truth—PaterW# Charge. In r fe<w Days <wi/l hr plibitfhed, [Price 15 cent.'] an A REVIEW of the QUESTION—\n whom has m ' ■the Conflitution veiled the Treaty power ? m! I3y a Senator of the United States. tee April 18. iaw4w. thi A C H A 1 G E, Delivered to the Grand Jury for the Dillrift of Pennsylvania, in the Circuit Comt of the Uni ted States for- the said Dilrift, at April 12,1796. nt . BY JAMES IREDELL, One ofthe Associate Judices of the Supreme Court of the United States. ( Publifhtd at therequefi oj the Grand-Jury.) Gen lemen of the G rall 'J Jr y> Trie business for which yru are now aflTefnMrd 1 is of no small cott/Vquence to hi peace and haopi-j — nefsof the community. Tie people of the Uni ted States having thought pr.pt-r to eftablilh a go- \ vernment for the manage neit of all its general concerns, in which ho! one flite only, but all the ftstes are equally interested, i' is necelfary to take Dy care that their i.. entions mtj vqiMe defeated by the inlfeohduft of any individli ils. All wlto love >, theii country may be U> obty its laws ; those '.— oh ive right notipr.s of a repuMican po ' f. vernipent, and possess a proper dtgree of zeal and j virtue to support it, will cheerfully submit to the only terms upon which it can be enl >ved, a defer rence of private fen'iment to that of the public con ftrtu'.ionall/ exprelfed ; men of morality will in ail instances ahltain from any criminal conduct which 'j may injure any individual. commmity, or man kind at large. W — rn-n of these happy dis positions, cr'_ ...ailavvs would be useless, and we f (hould in like that miUenium which has been fo-fanguinely the tlteme not only ofhea'ed divines, but of fume enthufialtic politicians. Ex perience-too forcibly teaches us, tliat in all coun tries, even in tuoftj molt 'situated, even in our own, enjoying every p'tlitical bleffi'g to which the mind of man can afpii-e, t!»ere are bad men in cap ible of being rtftrained by any mit.il or politf cal tic, from dcvifwgthe molt nefarious schemeS and perpetrating the molt wicked actions. The instances, 1 aite rare, but we arc well corv , vin-ed of the reality of fume. The general objetfls of the criminal lawof the U» niied States arc the following : 1. Offences aga.nll the United e<>nfi ler- , ed in their national character, for the internal pur J J pof?s of union, and witifieru their own government is alone concerned. 2. OfJences the Unitec ( ed in their national cliaradier as ene among the na- ( - tions of the earth, holding a common cognizance , of olTences againll the uxiiverfaj las- of foeiety, com- , ; mitted out of the limits of any particular tenitory. < 3. Offences agninft the United States, conHder- j ed in their national chara&ei as cannefted with o- c ther nation' cither by the common tie of the laws f of nature, by any particular treaty or corripadt. f A fuH diicusjn ot each of thelc branches of jjrifdittion would take up your tim- in a manner T equally tediou* and unufe'ul. l_ (hall therefore on- c lyobferve upon such detached part? of the fubjedl v as may appear mod intcrefting in a discourse of a ? general nature on the present occasion. t Uiider the firft head I (liall mention only one of- a fence, but that of thegrca'eft importance, and t cannot be too frequently the ohjett of con- 1, fidetation. The offence I speak of is that of Trea- r son. As it is not only natural, but the duty o'f every J] government to take care of its own preservation, v , thiscrimein all countries is cor.fidered of »he high est rank j the object of it being the total (Jeftruc- ' tion of the government itfelf, and of all the order, peace, security, and happiness connect- f. Ed with it, thus involving (where the government c is a good one) the greatell accumulation of public a, and private misery which any crime can poflibly occasion. But wlere so much is at (lake an extra- r ordtnary degree of jealousy is usually proportioned l a to it, which jealousy will be entertained by a bad government as well as a good one, and always in a greater degree from a consciousness of deferring ill Accordingly it ha. in fact happened, that in most t , countries, in all ages, and under all farms ms go- n . vernment, the abuses which have been committed t m prosecutions for this o ff ence have been among w the most atrocious .vir perpetrated to the injury of mankind. Suspicion has supplied the place of ev- ~ idence, the most distant approaches of danj-et, have he armed the hand of power against the greatest of bi men, and not unfrequently the highelt instances of public virtue have been doomed to the punilhment pr of the highest public offences. Happily f or th , iV. Un.tea States, such scenes have been L own to ! 4 mfwref" ly f b b h ' ft ° ry ° f The Iha mildness of their own governments has long been ' ; e , one of the »oft diftinguilhed, as well as one of the J most honorable charaderiftics of their country— f„ But the framers of the present constitution of the t United States were too wife to depend for perma- ! wl nent fecur.ty o n occalional temper, or even the U strong and tried basis of a national charter.- ' thinking no precaution too great to exclude them fl «ir^hL7 n,t, 7r to ? kef^;alcare t0 guard a- J f-, .• c k> by P rGv i(ions in the con- ro ft. ut.on anxiously adapted to that end. Every 1° • , • V6O lo< »e a definition of the en stoatu ™ to at '' Was e , af y b y me«n S of plaufihle fubter- i 3 tuges, t„ charge that as an aft of trcafon which « was never intendeiJ to be deemed such , 'Pk admtffion of s uc h ilender pr.»of that an unprincN 'th p edgovernment intempeftuous times, taking advaV ft ■ ( n P .P"" anr) exed to the crime. Thin th- Exrr&'f r "1 M " —in our confliiii m wet ea.'lt of these prvifrs of o I many evils,ami 1 l tuft will forever prove a fuliiiiym 0 f barrier agaiull their, ftiouM it he the site ot th ■> i country, at any future imjiappy period, to have t.» j a I dread a tyrannieal disposition it lias never yet txpr* ricoced. feefore I dismiss this fufejeft, I cannot tvoid re irt calling to your recollection wiih emotion and grati tude the memorable events of a very recent period, a period which will foirn a* bright a page as any in the American annals. A large an ! confiderablc part of this important (late appeared in oprn infur . i reftion a<:ainft the government, atter having been ' gradually seduced to it by the bafeil artifi es.'and I I | the grofeil mifri prefeolation* of a few defig: ing J " ! men, whose views in all probability weie much a ' deeper and more malignant than they were avowed ,e to be. The executive branch of the government, ;e hi diviy bound to suppress this infurreition by eve ' 7 ry conftitiltional means in its power, but willing e b-'fore the exertion of force to try th.e effedt of • lenient measures, although jullly irritated by some ' | very exasperating inllances of private injury in de- fiance of public authority, sent in concurrence with IC the execu'ive of the a relpetuble delegation r " of men Warding high in the public eflim at ion, to slate to the infurgrnts the criminality and danger of II their condufi, and to try every pacific means of rendering a recou fe to arms unnecefTary, even of feting a general pardori on condition of general fub ni flion. But this humane effort failed of its effect : c though it conciliated many, the condud of others too plainly (hewed that nothing but aims could re (lore the law to its wanted energy. This means was then eirployed.in a manner worthy of the go " rernment ofafreepeople,by a militiaofdifFerentflates " chtarfully obeying the orders they received, among whom were found many who, fa rificing all private confideratiotis, engaged voluntarily in the service with a difrntereftedntfs, alacrity and ze.tl which I s believe have feld im been equalled, and never ex • ceeded on any limilar occasion. Nor was this me ■ rit altogether confined to these who were peifonally pattial to the government, and fupportcd it with Warmth fiom affedHm and sympathy. iSeveialwho had (Irong p-ejudices agaiHt some of its raoil im portant measures, even those which afforded the pretext if not the ground of the infurredlion, readi ly engaged with them in support of the common canfr'of their country, of republicanism whose prin ciples were so daringly attacked, of order in danger ' of being immediately subverted, of justice which was set at defiance, of those social ties without which liberty is a name, and exiflence of no value. S beyond the mod sanguine expeSatrons f«l ---■ lowed measures honorably bi-gun, and so nobly conduced. In three months tV: iofurreftion was fupp'reffed. The principal fomenters of it either . fled from the dangsr as it approached, or by dif graceful means (heltered themselves from the punish ment of their crimes. Many who had been more deluded than criminal were pi>ob bly seriously con vinced of their errors, and disposed to repair them. Not a drop of blood was hollilely- shed in the field. ' Vafi numbers partook of an amnesty freely offered ; 1 a few only, comparatively, were refcrved for trial' two alone have been conridted, to whom has since ' been extended the sceptre of mercy. The whole ! scene lias exhibited a lelTon for governments and people, which never before was displayed on the ' theatre of the world. God graiit it may not be 1 wi: fiout its efieft on other times and other coun ' tries, nor ever be obliterated from the memory of r our own. ' f 2- The second class of offences I prapofed to ( speak of was, such as are committed against the U. r States, considered in their national charader as one c among the hatior.s of the cvth holding a common c cognizance of offences against the universal law of c society, committed out of the limits of auy particu- c lar tenitory. a Crimes of this description, among ©thet6, are piracy and murder committed an the high seas. v These being committed out of the particular terri- v tory, of any slate must either go without anv pu- e nifhment at all, or be equally puniffiable by an'y na- 8 tion into whose country the criminals may after- n wards arrive. They being Hnqueftionably a viola- d tion of .that law of nature by which man is bound n to sbftatn from injuring a fellow-creature wherever c he meet with him, and more especially from rob- tl bing or murdering him ; all civilized nations concur ti >n 'he pun.fhment of such offences, each nation d proceeding to enforce the law of nature in such in- w itanccs, in the manner which it conceives moll con- w ducive to jiiflice. The laws of the United States 1 have made fpec.al provifious on this important sub- w i 3- The remaining class of offences I Rated is, t ! inch as are committed against the United States in considered in their national charafler as connected ol with other nations, either by the common tie of the c! hwox nature, or by lome particular treaiy or com- in The principles which regard the former class of ll trr? in B™"*' much better un- u derftood than the principles of this class. But vet tli 1 istß it fe.f is of great importance, and ever since ve )c pre j-nt unfortunate war has prevailed in Eu- ar rope it Iras been of the greatelt. I hope therefore m you will not think your time mifpent, while we em- ec ploy *httle consideration upon it. C ough particular incidental duties may be in- or cugibent upon individuals, when their own nation a is engaged either wholly or partially in a war, yet fu .in such a cafe aT3 mo (t pro bable they will're- ar thesis * T na, ° nSfrom fhc and pr ftal confin Pr app " rancc an event, Ite woHJ 1„ g ,«„, „ , % The r f n ft lO r at , W ? r Wht " °" row " is 3t peape. fit •r f though i t giv<;s occa(ionto th p efx ; r .;;; - «„ h that no nation, when in a (Int.* • i ther nation can juftify doing it any th Xi 33 rr ~ed b " S anfwerableforit.and if dnVfw'f'fl-* ™ medlafe, y h ' pcc.es ot hoftaity which may be deemed srieqnatl d ° ,0 thf j th»' if3py |~jU | ;y i, committed, tho' nt \ithout the authority of government, by a citizen i i ,1C "'""y 1 again ft another nation, or any indivi t<» !ual of it, when no rediefs can be otheuyite abtaic f *d, it is a cause of cnmplainr which may be preform ed by the one nationr againfl the other, in confe f qutnee of which it becomes the immediate duty t f j government of tbe aggressor to enquire into the d, ' om P' a, nt» and npon farisfaftoi y proof to afiinii all in t,,e re diefs it is ftifccptible of; and if t his be n< t j e done, ii may be confidercd as an indication of a hof ... vile d.ipofition in the government, and tlu nation , D i ijured may proceed to such vindicato.y mcaflires as d 'ipon a fair conliruction of all the eircurolUc**. t,f the cafe it lhall deem mod advisable, Since therc j, oie a whole nation in 4 y be anfwerauie, even at the ' d az ' lrc ' ot a war, for any violati<4u.of the law of na . r, iisvi'izrnstr.ay commit, and since each r- l,l,zen ,s entitled to the full protection of his own g government u r ort the principles I Iwre dated, it ,f follows that each citizen mull be 4nfw;rable to hit e own for a disregard of his duty in thi s particular, he being innifpenfably bound to serve h his country by every means in his power, and not to n '..jure, much less difgracc it by any. This being a 0 reiult of natural real On and propriety, it forms a f part of what is called the common law, though fta. (f lutes, to give it greater force and efficacy, frequently make express provisions on the fubjedt, as has been - t!one , b K the Congress of the United States. But . as it ts altogether a fubjefl of national concern, as , these entrusted with the national authority in this particular mull be refponf.ble for the rules of afticn s oblerved m relation to it within their own territ< - . ry, as various unlorfeen iV'iVio. 8 f ro m general s p"»cples, not capable in their nature ot reaching , every possible cafe, may be rendered juftifiable by „ extraordinary exigencies of which alone each nation s muu judge for itfelf, each nation has the power of f preferring rules for th ? observation of its own citi . Zens in this particular, and in our nation this power . is expressly delegated to the Congress of the United 1 Stat eß. If therefore they ftould pYefcribe different , rules on this fobjeft for the obfeivation of their own > citizens, than those which theoretic;.! writers outfe . law of nations teach, I apprehend the citizens of . i he United States murt obey that rule piefcribed . by the competent authority of their own govern-' i mfnt » whi: h tbe extrcile of this, ss well as eve . ry other (pedes of conltitutionnl authority, binds ' the wholc fcecftujfr it its appointed a ttuftee 'fortlie , whole . to whpfe yyifdom and discretion the fiil-j?ft is fubfnitted. ConUquently, when an individual is guilty of a violation of what is ul'ually termed the Jaw o.f nations in our own territory, be is not chargeable with this in our courts merely a a viola tion of the law of nations, but as a violation of the law of his own country of which the law of nations is a part, and of which Congress is the sole exp..fiu tor as to us when it takes tint duty upon it. When no adt of Congress interferes it. is an offence at com mon Jaw, in the fame manner and upon the fame principle as tiny other offence committed r.gainfh the common law, and in refpeft to which no par ticular statute had pafTed. Where there is any fpe. ci'tl act on the lubjei?f, it is an t'ffence againfi that a£t in the fame manner and upon the fame princi ple as an offence againfl any other a& would be. In fliort, my idea is, t.hat in all such inflances each citizen is aniwerable to h:s own the nation itfelf naTTons, for the piopcr conduCt ( f its own citizens, over whose actions the nation neceflarily have Controul, so far as they affe& the interests of other rations', otherwise upon no principle of jufltVe, could each nation be fully responsible for the condu£l of its own citizens in such itiilances, which al! the writers on the law of nations agree they are. The fame obfervarious as to citizens will almost in eveiy cafe equally apply toothers residing in the countiy and" amenable to its laws, as co citizens themselves. 2. Those general duties incumbent upon the go vernment and its citizens as to mankind at large, when in a Hate of uniuerlal peace, cannot be chang. Ed merely by the event of two otlier nations being et war, with which the United States have no con nection. In regard to them, however, certain new . duties arise fuperadded to the former, which being relative to the peculiar nature of the cafe, may be called duties of neutrality, it being inconfilfcnt with the pacific condudt due to both to favour the hos tile purposes of either. What may beconftiued to do so would open a large field of enquiry, with, which 1 shall not now trouble you, but of' which, within these few years you have hetfrd * great deal. If one of the hoflile powers (Tiould even be an ally, which the United States are bound by an antece- I dent treaty, either generally or partially to assist, I apprehend no individual citizen could be juftilied > in actually affording afliftance, unless the Congress of the United State?, with whom the power of de claring war or autliorifing any a£hial hostilities is inverted, should dircd or authorafe such afliitaiue to be given, they being to judge in relation to those objects, in all cases of that deftription, of the na ture of the obligation, as it originally exitled, whe ther any change of circum.'lances has since inter vened to do away or weaken its force ; or if afiifl ance is to be afforded, at what time and in what manner, and also to what extent it (hall be afford ed ; since in all these refpc&s the nation, whom Congress represent on this occasion, is accountable on the ene hand to the other contra&ing power for a proper obfci vance of the public faith pledged by such tieatv ; and on the other hand the Congress are refpontiLle to thiir own country, that any reci procal rights of the United States are duly pio tefted and'fecured, and tbeirreal interest and fafety not disregarded. Until theicfore some active mea sure of this kind be taken, each individual is un doubtedly bound to aft according to the existing fituaiion of his country, which is a state of peace until a state of war, or any inferior state of adual hostility is created by the authority constituted for that purpose. In this situation the United States were at the commencement of the present Euu pc an war, and have uniformly remained since. Upon these principles was grounded that proclamation of the President, the propriety and u'ility of which Itave beenme more apparent under every difcitffion. T he Congress, though so often in felfion since the war began, never have decided that any obligation of duty required, or any motive of policy hid need
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