2-a-) THE ift*Tlt,o6l' liI4OCRAT. 18 POIMISIIED TIXSiSDAMS, areierttgigaii:. OFFICE ON PUBLIC ivEsus. TUBES LOOKS ABOVE ISZJUILE'S HOTEL.- . • • ,Tar.Nis.---$1,5 . 0 per annum in,nva..xca ;, otherwise $2 Will - bei charged—and dfty anat. per annum aided to arteant2en , at the option of thp - Pabliiiher, to pay azpensoof ailletition. tin:: ADVANCE payment preferred. AOriarisamarrs_will be inSerted it:the rate of $1 per aquare,Of ten flare eilemlorthr,firet three Pinta, suidir, cents for eactypiditlettal week—pay &rile.' Merchants; and others, who advertise by tjle year, will be charged at the following rate., viz.; Pot was square, or (coo, one year, trithehaitgei. Each addition* apart, at the rate qf No croditglOett except to those or ktimr4 resporaNdlity., BUSYNESS ;CARDS• "%SALER in Dry Goode. Grocerics. , t mbrtllas, Yankee jJ Notions, Hoots. and Shoe's, t Shovcls mud F o rk ! , 'Stone Were, Wiyoden Vilteo and Broome. Head of Navi gation, Putdie Avenue. Montroee, Pa., May 18, 1868.-Iy, . %ix. nukrrxtu coorm W3L li. COOPER S Ct).; 41ANKERS,—N,miruse, Pa. SileceNtnrist'n Poet. COON , 4.(30. °Mee, Lst.loops'acv , building,-Tuppike•st. 31cCOLLUDI' $ t- SEARLE, . A SVOlLiftrd and Conneellorr at Lato,-14cmtme,Pa. 4.1 Othce In t.othrope' new twildiny, over the Bank • WitiATON, Zeuvric :PHYSICIAN & SURGEON;DENTIST. WITH DB. „II IRON WHHAros. Mechanical and Surgical Dentl,t, recently of I:thigh's:igen, N Y. tender their professional senices to all' who appre ziate the ** Refortned Practice! of Phpsice.' 'eareftil and sgillful openttlens on Teeth with the moht,icientlflc and approved styles of platoieork. Teeth e6traetit without Da 111 and all work warranted: • • • .- Jackson. Jimd 14th, 1:41, . DR. H. sMltli & ETtG EON DEN TlgTS,—Alordrose.. 100111er in Lathrop.' new building. , neer • the Rank. All Dental • operations , as 4,,,, performed in good style and warranted.. • , d.. C, 01.745TE..5.D. J 1.. READ. DRS. OLMSTEADA _READ * • T 0 ti.D. L .NNN()UNCE to the I.ubli lOW. they have entered Into - a partnership for the Practice-4 MEDPINE & Surery. and are prepared to attend to all calls in the linelof their profe.slon. Mice—the one formerly occupied by Dr. J.V. Olmstead. in DENDAPK ' JOHN sAtn - rr.:ll, L . chop - - ri vgITIONABI.t TAILOTti-Montrope, 'PE N. .I.' nvPr I. N'. Ilnllntd - o iltrocety. on Itahnstreet. l' thunktnl For pa, , t favors. he eolicli* a continnanke —pledging him s elf to do all trork-"Fatlaractoribi. Cut. 'l. t in ld e d n o t o s ‘ o in . _P k a o J t unlYt lt h an S d 6 wo.—n ted totit.. v. , - ..P. LINES, • i : .. VASITIONABI.E TAlLOR.—llontmce. N.: Shop 1 in florid.% Binck, over store of Rend. Wntrour ; .IIF Foster. MI wort: warranted, no to tit and finivoli. Cutting done on ',bort notice, - nebtod.rtyle. Jon 'lr4 - • 301.1 S - GLOVES; S.S'IITON'ATSLE TA.luitr..-3trintrose. Ps.' Shop P noar the Iltptipt Meethic Bowe. on Turtijoike treet. Ail orders tilled promptiv.gin first-rite Coifing done on short notice. nod warranted to Lt_ L. B. ISIIELI„ IRPAIRS Clocks . Witthint. and .TeaTtry at the . shortest notice. end on reasonable terms. .111 work warranted. Shop in Chandler andAroinp'. )tuNTiket,i. va. tr 'oc2s It -WM. W. ,Sirri4 tis CtIUNI ET AND CHAIR itANEFACTUREILS.—Foot of }train otretl. Mont now, Pa. ang tf C U. FORIMIAM, A r ANUFACTI REP.. of It 09 TS <l. 811018, ltlontrope, VS Pa. Shop over Tyke,. more. All kid of work made to order. and repalrluu done neatl:r. - Jul •y • _ .. _ . , AIIET. TUIII;ELT„ . I) l .. l o.(:';' l) ., r iZre'. l l::;l l :`,t i .".' illi, ,r . t ..7 1 7:,1 4 . 1 1;':\ ' ‘ E t e . -. d,...- Wu., 4...iroreriee. Fau..y Goode, Jewelry. Perne r .ory. te:—Azent for all thr mint popular PATENT ' al EhlClNES.—llitntrose,.Pa. . . nog II I)AX ID O. AN EY, M. P., Tr %VINO located permanently at New ?dlifard. A - twill attend pro raptly to all cane with which be may he favored. °Mee at. Todd.' 11,3te1. New Milford. July.lT, 1..561 MEDICAL CARD. QR. E. PATRICK, & DR. GARDNER, LATE AR ktIt'ATF.Ar THE MEDICAL. DEPATMENT OF YALE.COLLEOE. have formed a .copartlicrvhlp for the practice of Medicine andloirgery.andarr prepared to ati.old to all liii4lne,s faithfully and nuncio/illy. tint' may he I ntruated• to their can; on terms cymineneurate with the time-. • a'nd deforinitira or the . EYE, anrgical opera-, bona. and all aurzirid r wia ,wirtirntaily att ended to. ;..afrotlace over Welvii'a Store. Ofhee hour' , from ha. at. to 9 p: m. All aorta of country. produce lakeifln pay ment:at the hlntimit vain*. and CASU tiaenizirtialtri. Moutroile, Pa., May ith..lB92,—tpf HAYDEN BROTHERS, WRDLESALE DEALERS tti ir..e.avxc="n ivcrri-corals FANCY GOODS. t NEW .MILFORD.„P.4..- WM. HAYDEN. JOHN HAYDEN TRACY HAYDEN GEORGE:HAYDEN. j P. - E. BRUSH, :M.,D., HAVING, NOW LOCATED I`' ERMANENTLY, AT 111 attin) to the. lodes of hie prdfesiiou ptomptly. Office at d. Latbrortia natitl. • TAKE NOTICE! Cswab: Paid for 33ltidoel6l ti auep Oelti, Fos. Minh, Muskrat.'nud .ull kinds ofi Fara, ..„„d a.,,,ortment of 1. - anther and Roots andi Shoes eons - Cantly•on.hand. Office, Tannery, d Shop on lain Street. Man trJse, Feb.Gtli FIRE I\ SURD\TCE. 'THE INSORANCE,CO. OF NORTH AMERICA, AT PHILADELPHIA, Has gitablis4ed an Agency in iaontroser; The Old& Iran timer Cn. iii the Mann. CASII CAPITAL PAID IN ASSETS 0VER,..... .. .. , . rrm E rate* are solute an tho•e of any goodironpttny in: .1 New York. or eliwwhere. and its Bireetore are Amnon , the tarot for boner and integrity. , . Cit Antra PLATT. See y. . ARTIIIII G. COFFIN. Prep. , . iluntro•e, J illy 1.52 , 42 4 . BILLINGS STROBD; Ag't. NE 3WII ~. 2 `- - , ' • .• ' - .i . .. INSURAN i ''i 0 Mt A.N.Y or Nicivcr.elrarls.. CASH CAPITAL, ONE . MILLION DOLLARS; 488E1T8 Ist July' 1860, 51,481,810.27.. I.IB,3IISTIMS. " " 43,06848. I. Milton srnith.EkWT. C.haf.J,Mitrtin..Presideny Johe, McGee, Ae't " A. F. Wiltinitth, Vice t• _ . . Polk.leg hauled andienewed. try the anderilgaed. at Oil attic, 'One dour abutiesJaarleci.tafet..Mairtrala. Pa. aQ V 25 _y _ sluotp, _Arm. .; . , - Alf. . , a immr:- 1 - my' V - . 7 [l(l,4Ju llg st received a large stuck of 'new Stoves: for ' COUki. Parlor. Mee iiiid Shoistairpoews.forWoal or al. with Stove Pipe. Zinc. &c. . llisawsortment I. select and desirable; and will ,be sold on Me most favorable Luria. fur Cask. of IV ProylPt SiZ ifon l / 4 4 Buyers: , Now 'Milford. Oct. 115th., ldfn., , • • . ~. , t- VITIITTED=A reopertiblenervin of either ,en - in TT - every uel a tiborhood to *ell J. 11. Stafford's OUTS.Y. Ten, and aim) J. R. Stafford'oinoa...:ANn Stmentm Pow, vans. Olive Tar la a thin, traniparett Held; it la the belt, remedy known for diaeaees of the throat. lung,. or Catarrh. Also for diphtheria. Orono. Whooping Coeh ±e.. Mr Iron and Sulphur Powder* atrcurt,i,eu th e s ys; tert4 aid the diguAtiort, and purify the bleed, hare it elateen page . pamphlet containing (Ulf explanation*: and over one hundred tettimonial* from welt known prothi nent.peratiee, which I will seto any free bv mall. It. ST AFFO RD.A Chemiat; Ji23o—lys . -442 Broadarly. N. Y. Dandelion Coffee.. - A REALTUY baver . mtv:bike pgend thh , Coitte r .14., make as much twepoundt valet Corm. Pbr dale . • ABEL TratigtZWl sita,by MO Barrel, Sack or Pound. , ; ' MEE latistragsr , 'panic; Or THE • . • • nisrDENT AZLE Ormias or. JUDGE Clams. MEE i-We.make' the following extract from a recent pamphlet, Written by the Hon: Ben. , jamin lip Curtis, of Boston, late fudge of the United 'Stater .Supreme , Court, and ! 'the-distinguished author - of the • masterly dissentipg opinion im the Dred Scott ease i i • c cis was so much praised by the.Reputi- T.fie . ProclsmatiOn of Emancipation, .- if taken to mean whariii terms - it - asserts, is an executive decree that on the .first day of JanneiT next - all personslield as slaves, witbiu'euch States or parts of States, us Shall then be designatcd,• shall. cease 'to be lawfuni held to service; and-may, :by their own efforts and with, tfio aid: of - the suilitarypower of the .United States; -viii= dicate their lawful riklits to their personr.l freedom. niturr Diut-Wzn. n._w.~s~acs, •; ;The persons whoare thesubjeets to this proclamation are. held to service. by the laws of the respective States in which they reside,- 'matted by Suite authority,as clear mid :unquestionable,. tinder:our system of, -government, as any laW passed by any State op any •su .This proclamation, then,. I)._y fin • exec*. tive . deciev, proposes to repeal-and - annul valid State laws which regulate thedotnes tic relations oftheir people. Stith is the.', mode of oponition of the decree. .The next observable chracteristic is that this executive-decree holds Out this proposed repeal of state laws as a • threat-1 .cued penalty for the tiontinuance of egos , - :! erning majority . of the people of each state, or part of a state, in rebellion against the United States. So that the President hereby assumes to himself .the power . to . oo T zice it as a punishment against the entire petTple ofa State, that the valid laws iit"thar State, which .regulae the domestic conditions of its - inbabitants, shall. become MA and void, at a certain future date,. by reason of the criminal conduct of - a gov erning majority of its people. This penalty bOwever it should be oh- Served, is not tote inflicted on those per- . Sons who have been 'guilty of treason. The freedom of their slaves was already pr,tt vided for by the . act of Congress , reeited m a subsequent,-part of the proelanation. I s t I not, therefore as a punOinient of guilty 'persons that the . 'l.-tantnnoder-itt-ciiiel. de-; cress- the freedom tf slaves •a loyal per sons, or - of those rho,. from their tender years or other. disability, cannot- be either .disloyal or otherwise,\ tlEiat the proelama thin is to operate, if at a 1 .1,; and it is - to op- eralie-to set them free, in spite of the v:d: id laws of their States, because a majority Of the legal voters' do not scud representa tire?. to Congtess. - • Now it is easy_ to underitand how.per sons.held to tiervice . atider _the stns. of t these StateS, Mid how the tinny and navy,l under the orders of .the tresident, may ; overturn these'valid laws of the States, I as it is easy that any law may be lin luAd by pkyaiorl force. But IdO not under stand it to be the purpose of the Presi dent to incite- a part of the inhabitants of the United States to rise in insurrection aoldust valid laws but that, by virtue of sonic flower which lie possesesbe proposes to_amittl thotselaws, so that they are no ' longer to haye any operation: . :The second proclamation and the orders , of the Secretary of 'War which follow it, place every citizen of the United States under the direct military command and control, of the President. They declare and define new - offenses, not. known - to any law, of the :United States. - They subject alreitizenS to be imprisoned under a mili tary order at the pleasure,onthe President,. 'when, where, and so long as be, or who ever' is acting . for. him, may choose.-- They hold the citizens to trial before,. a Commission appointed by the - President, or. his representative, for 'such acts of omissions alt the'President may think prop er to. decree to be' offensive; - and they subject him to such , puniShutent its sock military cotninission may be pleased to in- . diet.. They I create new office., in such number, and whos e Ocenpanis are to .re eeive suelleinpensations as the President May direct; and the holders of theseoflices scattered through the States, but with one chief inquisitor at Washington, are to in spect and report upon heloyalty of citizens, with a view to the above describ ed proceedings against them; when deem ed .imitable. by, the central, authority. , - Such is 'the plain and accurate state ment of the and eXtetkof the pow ers assorted iii obese executive proclama tions. ". . A. P. J: L. e. XEE.E.n 4FmMC. $1.2u0,000. - What Ls the SOUree of these vast pow ers Y. Have they any limit'?Are•they . di videi from . , or are they utterly ineensist pot with the - Constitution of the tinted State - Bi' • --- • The.only supposed source or measure of,, these•vast .powers appears to have been I designated by the President, ‘ in his - reply to . I lie address ofihe Chit.mge clergymen,. ! in the tellOWilig Words :' Understand, I I raise no objections to ivon ,legal- or un-! constitutional 'grounds ';' for, of eontrnand-! Er-in:thief .of the army and lai4, in.: time of i soar i Ottppoite i imam a •tiota- to [Oki • tray ' tnectsarr which you heat ttufeltre the enemy." I This ig a clear and frank declaration of the President 'respeetiiigjk.e ori 1., , in, an d extent ! of the..power lie-supfiosesiiiniself to pos , : secs; and - so thr as I know, no source of Atqw;Poori's ftlite_r aunt the;outkority. of corn= rnonder-in-cA.ief eit time of lour luta' ever beeii ; I sitoraled. ; ' • . • I 'There tas heenintielrdiscassion conger- 1 ning •the restion' whether, the power to ; susPeiid• - t e "privilege of - theivrit of hob- tux corpus" is conferred by the . Constitu tion oil &ingress ofOn the President. The : only judicial decisions- which hive been — , made upon this question have been adverse .to the power of the President.. Still, - very? ' able lawyers have endeavored•to•mainthin. Hliperhaps to the satisfaction of others.-- a,vepower td Maintained; that the . dep-. .rit4; aparticular,persim of the privilege of i the writ !teen ,exectitive power: . For while it has beengenerallY,andoo far as ;kiwi. universally admitted,-that Corig,ress alone can suspend a, law or render' it nuoperativ, and eonsetpiently that`Congret'sii idolie, tan, . prohibit the es:Arts - fee& , issuing the writ, 4 ! yet that'theeteentiVe.Might,in piiitibuiaf I cases, susPefid or deny the privilege that' k _ • • , : . . . .. :z . 1 at,,,,,, r. .....zi :1 e...- , ,...._ , ,-, : , .-,• r f 7. .;....,:w,...n...;,-,,,.,...-,...,,-!1,,...,-;,,.:....„:.:,4,........7:.1,.............f,i:4,717,-....,:,,,:..2,4,,....,....icf;:rip....t.:r.r..ti1,r4::: •ff , : " . nt.!.! ''.!" - ZT'Y"..?t,?..?.?..?!::::::',V.-,..a.." • ?.27:1..7...!...1,-; ' .-: . e'...........,.7r. : .!_.: ...,:,.:,.;.„...‘...,-:._...._..,,,:.... ,-.. ........:. f,_.,...:::7...,..:...: __•.' '' .',... i j , . . . . . . • , , . . !,.. . , •,'''': C - • !:• , , 711". •••••' ---,, , ' • - ;.... _,, • '....?•:11i.i . . .•, i• , .1- - ' . `.. 1 . 7af , . • t's , L.' -;"• ' ,l ': - :'''' •-• : , ::,...' •-:,:i ....,.; • ..!...:, 7 _, ~,,,.. .1 . .. l i ly . :.- i . .. - . .0 '' -,3 . ',-.....,:',,,,:,, jr.lr• ' '.'9: ,, 1 - ..1 • 4i! 5 . ,' , ii 1, ,. ..,' ! '',‘,.. .- . •• ' 1.1 t., •- -::: • ",.,.. ..,. ' :I - .. ..:•. .3' . ..1 . .; . i ~,,,) , . , 4,4 4 „1 • ;•••,1 i'.•^.- . 1 - ' : `,.', , 4 ~ . ~ , , _ _ ; .., ~. -•-• T.,..“. z''(:: , ' •.! , -.4 s ..,-,” ..--) ' •'-'- ,,r . -- ..,:,..:!! .") . i'''... - F-• .1::1 33;', : • i 1 - -., . ,'..,.‘ .; • . ~,:.,. 41 1 - ,1 , -2, - .•• A '..,: 91 .• il ' ' • .. 1 -.... . . _ 1 ... , ~, t ., , wawa , .0.- - -, ' . -: ' • ~-:-. , ''... , h*-- _rill, 1';.0 ' : :- •• Ili . ' 0... "-', i. :n4. ,, ,-: , ',.V. '-'," , ,1;' - .--,-..1 -,i .",tl . -;:i ...'..... -- ~-:-.. •'-' -': .t... • ... . ' -,....,. ..:-.., t - ' , ..... ;,: ,, - -...;,: -...;,- '. i .._ • ~.".. 1 Itali rt. r , 'w, tsee au. • ::-...-:......"—'-:—...---------4--- , ---------- - -r , i e i re c t i iLee et ------.---- ,_ . -. , ._ . . . . .., .. . - - . - • ~ , • • • . •..• . .. Albin -, Ourselves : to • -no -=•t'arty that•- , Does •not, - • • -tie. -„ and leep• - )stek• -to the- Idusio.' of :''the Whole . Union. , !!! , er.d.4! ~ . .... • • . •-- -• .. . . • • .. I ltinak ' • , .-,--- - •• 'T- ,,, ..: -, .'• • :'.-- •• , . .••-_ -: - - . •.. , ,: '° .:. - ” 1 . 7 , - - • .' ', • Flag:: . * ... • N '. ; i ' ' - r- :• 1 . ' '' • .. -'' * . ' ' . . ' B r nain ( Tie.kiii4._ et . . . ' ' ' liiiitii TO - L• 1.9.1 ~ -•.- . • • . • - • ' '.. • :MONTROSE,.,PA., ~ESP4Y, NOV. 18; 1862..-- ~• ••• -..-.• . - - •,, --- - :--; , .--.. , ...1..N0 i-46. • , . .....,... . •-,••• _. •:••••••.,..,...,.:., ~...,..,- , ..f •::: ••-: • j or.ro .. .. . . . . 'the Writ was intended to" secure. lam not aw*re that any 'one has at tempted to' show thattnder this grant :of power to suspend . the privilege of the writ,the Pres• ident 'nay annul the :lath; of States, create new offentes unknowittd the laws of the 'United States; erect , militartcoininisaions 1 to try arid'Ounilli them, and by' a i sweeping decree, Suspend the writ of ha-• bens corpus ,as a Allrperson whg shall be - 1 arrested -:by 'AN Ynult rrautliority." I think he Would-make a More bold than [ 4 Wise experiment. an'' the. credulity _ ()file I peo ple. ho should :tittempt• to . convince i them that this power isle be fotind in: the habene corpus clause of . the. Constitution. i No such attempt has been, and I think i -none such •-will •be Made.: And.therefore,l repent, that no other source;of thispower I lies VIXIM beest:suggisted, save that described I by the President himself,. as belonging to him as the cotninander-in-chW. ; ~ . I• - • It meet , be obvious to theimeanest capa city that, if the•Protitle.nt of the United States has an implied constitution:it right, les commander-in chief of. the army: and I navy,iii; time of war,to disregard •any:one positive prohibition of the C,onititution, i or to exercise any one power not delega . l'ted to the tinted States by the Constitu- I tion, because, in; his• judgment,' lie may I thereby ~ , ,best subdue the enemy,"- he has Ithe same, right, for the. 'setae reason,.to disregard. each and every' provision of the •1 constitution, and to exercise- alt . power V needful in his opinion, to enable bite ribest to subdue the enemy." , • . . - . ..• • ; It. has never been doubted . that the pow -1 er to abolish shivery within the states was i not delegated - to the United Statei,by •the I Constitution, but was, reserved to • the States.. If the 'President, as commander -1 in-chief of the' army and navyAiitime of I war,. 1314, by an executive decree; exer i cise this•power to abolish slavery •-in . the I States, which power was reserved to the j States,:because he is of opinion that .he I _may ius ‘, best subdue the enemy," what I other poWer, resolved to •the,States or to I:the people, may not beexercised by: the •I President, for.the same reasoni,that he-is i of imittion.hemay thus best subdue the enemy" And if so, what distinction can i *elide bet ween powers not delegated to the. United States at,ali, andpowers which. , though thus delegated, arc ; conferred, by ; the Constitution 'upon some department Of government other than the Ercutive. The pros. of Sept..b.,4 ; 1862, and-the ordars Of the 'War Department„, intended to ear , q it into parctical effect, • are, manifest ' assump tio ns by the ,Presi i dent of powers o• 1 -1 - delegated to .the Cougrdss and to the •,- • - # judicial department of thc. Government. It is a clear-and undoubted - prerogative, of ; Congress alone, to detiife lla deffenses, and 1 to affix to .each some apprepriate 'and Inot ernal or untisual pipiisliment ' lint. . this er.... 1 ---e-"•—‘ ...i•-•ll,7oorders- -create s new offenses tmt knoiiii•to any, law of the United States. At the same time, they I may include, among many other things, - acts which are offenses agamst the laws- of United States ; and among others_ treason. Under the ConstitutiOn and 'Yaws of the i United States, except in• cases arising in the judiciary of the United Stat .s ... and a: jury of his peers; -and he is required by the Constitution, to be' Punished, in• con formity With same act of Congress applica ble to the offense Proved, enacted before its commission. But this proclamation• and these orders' remove the accused-from the jurisdiction of the judiciary; They' stid stitute a report made by son i c • deputy provost marshal, ft)rthe preSetitinent•of a grand jury they put a military commission in place of a judicial court and jury re quired by, the Constitution ; and , they ap ply the discretion of the eonitnission and ' the-President, ii Xing the degree''ind kind Of:punishment, instead of the law_ of 'Con gress .fiitng the 'penalty of the offense. . It no longer remains •to be suggested that .if the ground of action . , announced by the President be tenable, lie indy; as Com mender-in-chief of the 'army ; and navy, use powers not delegated tothe United States -by the ConStitntion ; or may Use. powers . by the .Constitution exclusively * delegated to the-legislative and judicial departments lOf the governMent." These things .have been already . dooe, So fair as the proelain atiori and - orders of the President can effect them. It is obvious that if no private citiven is protected by the -slice-guards thrown around him by the express. preVisons of the'CenStitution, but each and all of those safeguards may be diSregardeil, to, subject hini. to military arrest upon the report of some deputy provost marshal, and impris onment at the plea Sure orthe President, and trial 'before a military commission, and .peilishinent. at its digs:rah:in, because theYresident is of the (Minion that sv.cli proceedings may best sad ue theAmetny,' ,then all: Members of either - House of CongresOatut every jinljeat officer is liable to he proceeded:against as a " disloyal persobs p hy the Same Means--and in . :the same way.. - So . " that, under tis .assiii* tion . euncerning.the implied powers of the PreSident as.,comniander-in-chlef in time war; if. the President_ shall be. of opinion that the arrest incarceration, and trial before 4 inirit4fy conimisrsioii of ajiulge of th'e•United' States, for some judicial decision; or of one or more meriilieria of either . -Ifirise 'of Congress ' . for.. word's spoken debate' is ":a in ,searre which: may berit subdue the enemy," there is j then conferred oh hipi by the Constitit thin the ,rilihtfal Power so. to proceed a gainst such judical or legislative o§2 cer. Thia power ..ts certainly not,fountl.in any eipiess grant.of poWermade by. 016 Con- - stitution . to the President, nur even inani e egation n power TILAt by the tion - cif the'lThited • . States to any 'depart- . rflimt 4d . the Government., It, is,el aimed to be found, 'solely in the, fact titt: he is the: •conaniander-iii-Chief Of r ita_ h r thy charged Witli• . the ditty of suhditing the. enemy.;. And" .end, as ,1:! under. Stands it,he is "charged With the. duty of usiug, not only those :great and ample powers whieli the Constitution and . laws, akd self deVOtjon 'of the . people-ii except, thern:have.,plaiied in .his 'handi,' bet, charged - with - 06'44 Of.,'nsiOg . pO*o,s' thepeople ieeerved to the Statee, or- ;to thereoife,e ; ted. to breakdown Cqeititet; safeionsl guards of the pi rtition OroY7 ernmental powers r and the 4tiiens from . mere ex . ,eca,tue control which are, at. once •Imith the' r aid inearia or frit goveia- -'The neeeas# result of this . interpmta- - ;ion of the Ossti s tution is,that, in time of, war, the l!rZs4ent lyis any and, all power which he ina4eem it necessary to subdue., the enemy;' 41 that every private, and persbaal rightifindiihinalseenrityagainst mere execnti , , , controli and :every•right re5(...d.59., SAfttenc Or .to „Ile people, test Moray s plop discretion.:- ~ But the milOiry, power.f the P,resident is derivelli from the Constitution ; ,an d;it„is2wat eiently deSned , there„,as his, purely •ci:l power. ,These are- its words. •—• . • • . 'The ?reagent shalt be commander r in c hi e f of thi l sany and. navy of.thel.luited . States, jhe militia. of the-;severnl .states, When called into . the 'actual service of thejinitel,:gtateS." ~ • Thi as himuilitary -poWer.• He-is-the general-in-elief, And as such; in prosecu -4lng thei war. may do what Generals in the field are ailO4.d. :to do within the sphere of their 4004 operations, in • subordina tion to th . glawit ,of-.the country, , front which they,cariye their,authority. .When the tonstitntion• says -that -the rresident shill lie .tlie couniander-ikehlef of the army; and navy : of- the • 'United States, and 4 the Militia of the several States when ; called into actual service .of the United ;Slates, does not t •mean that he shall posaeos Military pa A•er and con mand , Aver all eiliztps .01, the... United States; that, by military, edicts, he may control alivitmens, nig enlisted in the army or navy, or in _Lim - militia adiedinto.the aetn al service of the United-States? Does it meausibat he play Make. himself a legiAla tor, and enact_penal laws governing. the citizens of thelinjted : States, and tribunals, and crigite offices to enforce his penal edicts upcil.citizens?, Apes menti that he may, 41.si _prospective executive decree, repealAiatl.. annidtlM - laws of the, .several States ,:which respect subjects re- , served by the:Conatitution for the eielits- . ive action of.!the:States and. the people'? The President :ia -commander-in-chief:of the army and4iavy„ not only by Soren of the Constitution, but.under and subject to the Constitutionond to every restriction therein centahied, and-its every law. enac ted by its authnritv.. , . • Be is geticral l ia,tthiet;. but can agener- . disqltey. any law .of his own ciimtry°_When he can, he .superaddato-, his rights as commander, the powers of & usurper; and that is a military despotism. In the noise of arms, we ltave become d&-if , J, to, the warning voice - {.f our fathers ; . to take care that he Lary shall always be . t snbseient to the civil powers? Instead of listening to thesevoices, some. persons Lhow seem,ta.thtiolutt, this is enough to .attence-trettectio ,•-go• thereis . no civil right to do- this or that, but it is &Military. act. , •They- • seem to, have forgotten that every military act is . to be tested byA.he . Constitittion'and taws of the. country under whose authority it ,is done. And, that under the Constitii ticin and laws of the United States, ho. more than. nnderthe governntllit of Great Britain, or-under any free. or anX settled goverrnent, the mere authority to coin. wand an army is MIL an authcirity tb -diso bey the laws of the-country. The framers of the Constitution thought it wise that the powers of the cornman der-in-chief of the military forces .of..the Unittql Stites should be placed in thy hands-of the Chief tivil-magistrate,-..-Bitt the powers ot.the commander-in-chief are in no degree enhanced or increased by be ing conferred" upon the same. otrice, who has important civil functions.' If the Con stitution had prOkided that a oommander in-chief should be appointed by Congress; his. powers would have been the same as the Military .po.wers 'of the President now are. And what wOuld.be thought by the American peeple'of,anHatteinpt by a gen &al-in-chief to legislate his decrees the people - and for the States. Besides, ell ,the powers of the Presi; dent are eiecntive merely. He cannot Make a - law. He cannot, repeal one. He can only execute the laws. lie can nei-• ther make,- nor:Saspend nor alter them.— Ho cannot even ,make.an article of war. He,may govern the army either by gen- ' eral or,special orders, but only in subor-, dinatiOn to . the laws and. Constitution of the United States, and the articles of war enacted by the legislative . rwer. • The -time has come When the.people of the United States must understand And must apply those great :rules of . civil lib erty which have been arrived at by the selfdevoted efforts of thought and action of . their.aneestors; during seven:hundred Years of struggle against.arbitrary power. If-they fail to understand 'and apply them, if they laity° hold ..everr-brancll.lof• the goverriiient . Steadily to thieio, whcr can imagine what is -to come alit Of this des perate, struggle?; .The .military 'pOvversof seven Of these states, being destroyed— What then.? What, .is to he their condi- _tiiiii ? What is to be our condition; . , . .. ' Ar . e the great principles' of free govern-, ment to be consumed as 'mini of war ?—'=-- Are we not 'wise enoughatid str,on. en- - 1 pugh to carry on this, war to_a successful' military end' without submitting .to: a. Joss: of any one gi-eat inlTlloe of liberty ?. We I are strong... enougl.. ,We. are-,Yjseviough, 1 if the . peopleii,.r tfiir ieiq, nis _ will loit, 1 understand rand iihserve the just liniits of Imilitary poWer: • - - .. What, then, are those linits . ? Th ey are these. There isiAitarkliw; there, is, martial law: Militaky Lay is riyetein of kiwi enacted' by' thelegistath*, pp wet.' for the overnment of the army and. navy' of the United- Siates; and,nr•the.miliiii. l when milled into the aitil4'tietirice ,of -:the: ' United States! It 'has' no 'control,: what:. ever over any person or any propertY of any citizen. It c UnlniPt even apply, to the teaiUsters of an arniy,,iiiin by force of e*pres4 lirovisiting , a .the Irs of Con-. press, making such - , persons ntnenable thereto. The . personis and the prop.erty of. private: citizens 4 the United Stated . are ' as nbSolitielY exempted frinn,..tike control ' or military, .-Issi t -.1.1i they, .F- exempted - from . the control of t be. hiws cifdreat Idyl thin. • ' ' , , • - • ; ;`. But there is *leo martial law. W hat is it," Itie 61011111 ' of ; 4,iiilliti4 cOnin4pr , der, opciating;tifti o u't any Testrainisive his judgment,,npon tbc Uves, "non••:the pCoperty„ - epon the - entire`and indi vidual condition of all oter whom 'this law extendso But,ander.the ICoristitu tien UnitedStates,:overivheuti.loes , . . sacklaW ex tend? ;:Will anY One be ; tiold 'efiongh to . say,. in' 5.7 iew ef ill& hhitery 43f oar:ancestors acid ourselves,. that the Preesident of the Uni ted States canlsttehd such 'law l as that oiler tiai'4entiriltictiuntrY,"or;Oierani del *ed . geographical OA .thereof, j.saire in c nnection.with ; some particular:military o erationn which,he is carrying on there? S . . nee„Charleilil. losi,...hia :bead, dicta has ,l;bett tie Mug it England' who-, °mild make Brush a.law•iwthat•leithn. And . ..where is there to be found; in• caw' bbitory- or onr cenatatutonl i ti erstate orlyational, any Warlitok , for , . saying , -that :a President: of the United ;States has been empowered the • Constitution to,. exterd martial law'over -the :whole eountry,• and to sub itch.therebY, to his military power every r ght of every citizen? Helms .no inch authority. - • • Aiine,of•war, a militaty,eptamatider, Whether lie Vedic!' Comniatider-iiiichief or . . . _ . . . . nrie'oflit subordinates, *Lust poess and • . exercise! .pon 4 eri," both over. the persons end property- I °f the citizens, xvhieh do not' exist in time of peace. , ,But le possesses iind.exereises such powers not in spite of ;he Constitation, and lan% of 'tge 'United tat,cs or in derogation"from their author ity, lut in virtue thereof and in strict sub iii;dination thereto.' - The general who pyei his artily over Jmivate prCpert_ yin !Ile. emirs*? of Ins cprerationsin the field, or :he" iinpresses T iut6 the publiel service cans of transportation :or subsiStenee, to enable him to•• act against 'tke enemy, 'or iv ho seizes persons , . witbin:"bis , lines.; to i,lPaii:Crorot'dfaelsliraog?..ntsouptEleielisndsiltiftntlidei'aelne em,f, niekiathority utiknon:n to, the - Cou- Stitution and laws of the UnitedlStafes in time of peace ; but ifOt Unknown to those lalvs and that Constitution in time of war. 11 1 he _power to declare war includes the po3ver to use the, custentary.and,necessa rY means, effecuially. to carry it on. As Congress may institute a state of war, it 1 ziti:y. legislate into existence and, place un der executive - control, the menus tor its prosecution. Aild,in 'time of war} with out any-speeial -legislation; 'noti ; the com- Imander-in-chief only, but every coniian ,der of an expedition or-of a-military post, h is 'law - 1101y empowered by .tbe ,Constittt -1 ticm and laws of the United States to do whatever is necessary * and is ,sanctioned lii the -htWS of" war;:to accomplish. the liiwfut 'ohjects . of his 'coi t ri man d- Bat itle [obvious that this implied authority must ' fiat} early limits soniewheie. If it were admitted that a. commanding ,i , eneral in the , flel4l9* - ' ht dri':tibitteieftdlliii'diliere t..it-.:-..:64-spary to Emoli 9 e the en emy, he eetthller;y:•contiihntidnito - pay I his soldierB';The eon:ld-force coriscsipts in- I, to his service; he could drive Oot of the I entire country-all'persetis not desirous to aid him—in short, he would: be the abso lute master Of We Country for] the -time being. . • No one has ever ittp_p_ r eseci—: : ito'onelvill n '"ou'''':ifiliteitah'e maint'airf-Ltliat. the eMithatnier;in.:elticf, • in,' time - war, , has any 'suck lawful authority. • What, then; is:hii.:atitliority l :oer: the persons and property of citizens? l I, an su.-cr. that over' all persons enlisted in his force he has military power and. command ..- 7 -that over all persons and property within the sphere of. hhi-aotnal -Operations in ,the. field,-he may lawfully exercise: such restraint and .Control :as the•.snecessfal prosecution of - his.partietilir military en terprise mayi in his lionestjudgmenttab splutely require;, and . upon such persons I a s have comntited offenses.,against articles of.war, h 4 may, through appropriatii-mili tary.Jrilunials; inflict-the puinishtneht pre scribed by law :And there his lawful an thority ends: - . . . . • , ~The military power over. citizens : and their property is a power. to act, not a ' power to . prescribe-rules for future action,: It springs fro - M present pressing emergen cies and - is . by them. . /t cannot assume the functions of. the .statesnian or legislator, mid - make provision -for - future or distant arrangements, by . which per ,sons or property-may be .made subservi ent to military uses... It is the -physical force of - an - army in the -field, and may, control whatever is Ra near as to be' actually reached-by .that force, in order to remove obstructions:to its exercise. , • But when-the military commander con trols-the persons. or propdrtyof citizens who are beyond the sphere of his- actual operations in -the . field, . when. he .makes laws to - govern their ,conduet,. be becothes a legislator. Those laws may be made ae. mull); !operative ; obedience to them may be. enforced by military. power; their.pur pese mid effect may.be.solely, to recruit or support his, armies, or to weaken the pow , er.of 7 the enemy. :with whom be- is eon.' I tending. But he is.a legislator and whether his- ediets are_ clothed in the ,form of proclamations or. of. military or ders, by whatever name they .may be call ed, they are laws. .If- he has-the legisla-: , tire power conferred on _him _by the •peO; is well:. •• If-not,-lie .usurps ii.. • • ,Ile has no inerria:wful autkority.to hold all the citizens-of -the:entire . rountry,-ont side of the sphere of-bis actual .operationa M the field, anignattle. to.. hiri military e• 'diets; than he his,to hohl all of the coun try subject to.his: military. requisitions.— lie is . .not the,. military commander of the citizens of the States, but .ofits soldiers- . Apply, these :•principles...to'llte .procla mations and ,orders of Abe .Presideat.---' Th.ey:dre not designed .to .meetAin jeg,emergeney. ip same, partieidarn-milita* ry , Japeration ,the they. prescribe' future ruleS' of ...lotion touching theper= . son's and property of, citizens.. .They are tcp-..take effect, ;,not :titerely .within the scope of military.operations. in, tbefield in. „their neighborbdod, . but throughout the; entire country.. ,or. :great portions , Their enbjectinatter is not'mil Ita l 7';"ffeinseB; . :er... military. relations; but civil ,offenses and. AomestiesilationS; ; the relation of itaster,and.servaht; the.offen:. ses..of " disloyalty, or treasonable practi .e!P2' •, ;Their pigpen is not.to meet soirie existing:aud• military.'emergeney, but . to provide,fOr'flistifit eVents, which mar,, or b may not ;occur; and isyhose copra:opt:, ifthey should-coincide with anyi,particn- -- SAD IMEMORIEL lar . triditayy i?perations, are indirect, re- , They 'tell me that I should not gliiire . mote l. catinal v andpoissibie Merely . . • , '' A loss go lonir gone by; ,' -• '• It IS manifest'that in proclaiming these ' f That blessings refs : new blessings leave, % A c ts . ilie . Piciiident` is not acting under i That should . their pipe supply, the - aiftlioritioof military •hlivi ;first, be- , I cannot say it is not so, • , ' ' / oansamilitaryls* extends 'only - :over the !-• To niurtnnemay be 'sin ; • • persons- actually, nlisted itribamilitarY '.;:. But the' grief was given long ago—. service; and 'wend, beatuse. these per- t', When will the rest begin ? . soni*egoveriled by_ laisenected-by the t .:, •-, . . . legiidashrei potirei. itia.mptall y, manifest illook upon my boy's bright facie, , . that', lierle ,noilo 'tlpit tinder :that:implied Myheert-warms to - his smile; • autharity'-irltiolegrowe' out' of particular I But not the loss that empty place ... • actual military operations; for these ex- , I .Lies cold within the while. • . - ecutive decrees do not spring from the ,I. see him _bound o'er beith.atid sod. -speciateniargenMeeatif Miy partienlar mili. Till all my .pulses thrill i- Lary operations, and are not limited to any tut the little toot that never trod; I when will that be still: \ ' - field:llk which any each operations are Oh carriedmi. ' - - ' • All things must suffer change - Whence, then; do these edicts spring? H • - They, spring freed' the 'aka& - power to , ri oweyer fair 1 . : - 'And heartts grow cold and vdioes strange, I AndloVe is lose no more • extend martial ' law . coVer'the whoje terri- ' 3 tory of the United States; power for the exercise of which by the President ' Tho old home fire May. quen ' ch its gleams, The dresrir forget • • ' there is no warrant whatevir in the Con- Brit the face at haunts my ocamea stitutioa, a limier which no free people , . .flas Fever altered yet! could confer- upon; an executive officer, • ' . and remain a-free people.- For it w,o uld It never smiles, it never speaks; make• him the absolute master of:their. - Its calm eyes resi on. mine, lives, their liberties and their, j property, And softly round the gentle cheeks - with power tcrdelegate hi's mastership to ' The Mir curls flo a t and twine. --. such of his satraps as be mightseleet,, or The .placid took is never stirred as might be imposed on , his credulity ,or .. By restlessness or pain ; - • . his fears. Amidst 'the great .dangers- And yet how often have I heard - which encompass us;" in our struggles to • . That wailing ery again. ~ encounter them, in bur natural eagerneis - - -;- . Sometimes when all are hushed in sleep, to layhold of .efficient means to accom-.plish our .vast labors, let -us beware how And I awake alone, • •'-- . we-borrow weapons from - the armory of Itreel the tiny fingers creep, : arbitrary power.. They cannot-be wield- And nestle in my. own ed by the hands of ,a - free people: Their I listen tit:1110.1w faint breath, blows will finally fallUpdivided' strength. on themselves. - Nit know it is not there; . Distracted counsels ' 0 3temory ! thou art as st.rong as' death. . . are the very earliest-;ffects of an attempt But far more bard to bear: to usethem/ What lies beyond no pain- - - otis-now willingto attempt.tolook upon, How a Lawyer Headed off a Draft Com missioner. Says the itesaing '(Pli.) rtnies : 7 —lt is Well known that CommiSsionerKup‘p was very'precise and exact in his'proceedings4- - always - keeping an eye to.the, interest of the country, while dealing honorably, with all. Mow it happened that among the a ble-bodied men - d - eatted from- ono of the Heidelbergs, there was an obese specimen_ of humanity, but whom the chances bit as one of the elect. When be received his, I “ ticket fo; soar he hastened to Read big, and„ knowing , where lived the..cutest `specimen of a lawyer, be went . . straig ht to , • his office. Saidbe A‘.l am drafted !" . i ' • • ".The duce you are.: it must have been a strong man that *tited you !" . • " Well, I'm drafted, and I Wain to get int. •'Can't march: I'll pay *ell." - • .' very . well." • The twain proceeded to the effice of the Commissioner. , . "Here," said the lawyer," Commiision er, I have got a substitute." ) • • Commissioner looked at -.the wheezy, specimen for some time.. " He won't do ; can't march." ' " BM. he must do," blustered out the . lawyer, and you know he will." " lie can't march, he won't do and I ean't_takehim. . . . • This was went our smart friend wanted. • " Ile won't do, nh ?"_ NO, he won't." - " Well, then; scratch his name off the list; lie is drafted and scants to ite exempted 1 The Commisaioner looked vat; the lawyer for about a minutn, then regarded the fat drall i and, withontspeakingaword 2 scratch ! ed off his name ! We don't vouch for the foregoing. The :Waste of War. The beautiful valleyof the Shenandoah is terribly waeted by the, armieseperatin in that, region. A- letter frotn a soldier, dated three miles south 'of Winchester, says We passed through a .seetton of most beautiful country, combining the*rornan tic and 'picturesque, in the. greatest. de gree. - The valley of the Shpnandoalt - is extensively' known as comprising one of the finest and most fertile re ' i ons ofconn try anywhere to be lound4 The very name is significant of -beauty: 'lt is one of the greatest'wheat-growing countries we. Over saw. I'ield after field of , wheat met our eye, and we neyer fully realiz ed before what was meant by waving fields of grain. - • 1 . ' We saw, between Harper's, Ferry and Winchester, . stacks of old wheat up thrashed, going to decay for• want of la borqr. The fields of wheatimaw grow: ingd .ripenitig so luxuriantly; must go to waste for the same reason.' Slaves are making their escape dailf, and what to do without slaves' is an enigma to thlipeo pl_e who inhabit the valley of ;the Shenan-- doah r and who have alw4s been depend ent on slave labor. Poor Virginia! She is paying most dearly for allowing herself to be bound with the shackles of seCei= sionism. Would: that she 'might arouse 'herself and throw them off, and, like Ten nessee, try' and tike-her place once more alongside her loyal sisters in', the Union. No state can- ontrival I her 'in wealth of natural resources; 'or in the lien, tity of her scenery. The artist need net go to Itp-• rope to find sketches of landscape for_ his pencil.* He will find them hire in profus ion.- Detection of Atmloin' Villainy. The Northainpton Gafetli relates an instance where an extra mean specie.; -of fraud, too -often practiced - upon our soldiers, was discovered'by,aii odd coin& &nee: A private who was convalescing in 'one of the Opspitile, braved some cur.. rant jelly. so' much that gave his last two dollars for a pot of it, which the at tendant refused to let, him havtotherwise, and also refused to let him I?ny a smaller quantity. On removing tilt wrapper the soldier was surprised to :find a notti direct ed - to himself, - and iofiiniiingiiin4hat . 10 owiriathily •senfhim `the welcome del- , . Adan.l, adedidairaiioe dw And Eliaf! , „ tide iitivnbut ie.* 'io.ent ,the we have witzetied .n641:04 013 out theliberties of a loyal people. . I - BINDS of JOB PRINTING_ )0:21Z AX linz,orricz,pr COIC, • t 'NEATLY 4Sto PEOMPTLT , T "EWE AND LET Elie mows. . , office of the lfontroae Cietnoitat Hy been inpplied with a lei arid tc., and we are now prepared to print paioptAloyl etc., etc., In the beat style, on 'bonnet/cu. Posteis PrOgrammes, otw u rk. in this Hite, dowilicaording to crier lesa, ana ,Ball Canna ett— Printed with pastures and deigootcll. irid.Cimtrtatiles' Blanks, Not; td all other Blanks, on band, int pitnted to ordo, b work - sad InsaU4ol4 piaci tot or 4464 ;The•Drafted Wide-Awake. . s . I was a glorious 'ids-Aiake, •• All marching in a row; •., A:p4.worO a shiny oil-cloth, cape, About tWo.years ago. - • Our torCheii flared' with turpentine, .• ..And filled the "streets with smoke; - And •we were sure, whate'er might come; .Secession was a joke. .. . _ : 0, if I then had only dreamed - - .•" .. The -things that now I.know, I neer had 'been, a WidelAwake ' About, two years ago... - ,- ' • • . 1 said the South wouid never dare. To strike - a 'single blow ; I tilfluglit that they were cowards then, "About two yeara ago. - • _ And mil Marched behind a rail, _ I :'Armed 'with a wedge and maul i . With honest Abe upon a-flag, ._ . A boatinan gaunt arid tall. . . . -0, if:Lihee.had otilt dreamed . - . The things' , whicli now I know, • i iie'er, had-been 'a Wide-Awake . ;About two years ago.. - B .lly work was good, my wagestigh, ' Aud.hread .and 'coal was low it ; The silver jingled in' my purse About two years ago. • Iu peace my wife•nnd children dwelt, - Happy the live-long day; - I' Aild war was but the fearful curse . • Of eountilos - thr. away. o,,if I then had only dreamed The things which now I know, I ne'er had beena . Wide-Awake I- , About tio - years ago. . My. wife - sits pale and weeping now, My children crying low; i• I did not think to go towar • About. two years ago._ , . • • And no one now will earn their food, Rio one,.wil I "be -their shield; • - 1. God help them When. Flip in death Upon the bloodv field r i r 0, if. I_ then had only dreamed -; • ' • The-things Which. nowl know i c _ I ne'er had been a Wide•Awaka. • • AbOut-two years ago., One brother's bones half-buried lia• • Near the Antietam's flow; He was a rhei•ry, happy About two years ago. - And where the Chiekilhominy - ' Moves slow towards the sea, Was left another wasted corpse— _ I aril the last of three: . - 0, then bad'ordy dreaMed The things which now I know, Ine'er had, been a Wide-Awake -About.two rears;two. Just now I saw my torch and cape, • Which -onee.made such a shove; 4 ,Th.ey,are not now What once they seemed , -Abotit two•years ago. • I,thought I carried-Fredom% light, In that smokyrflaming brand; rvelearned I bore destruction's torcha , - '. That wedge has split theland. • • .001 . I then had :Only dreamed ,The things which now I know, . lie'or had been .a:Witle-Awake • - • Aboui - two , yeirs. agO. _ • • '‘.ll.eAliis Wits About Rini, -. , Au Vislaiiin, driven to desperation the - haid tidies, procured a pistol and took 'to. the tuad.. , Meeting, a .traveller, he stoppedliiM ,"Your money or your life!' - Seeilig Pat was keen, he offered to give all his money for. dui' pistol, to - which.' Pa4agre4ll,und each anded over. 'Now said the traveller,_ hand bick.the money, or ICilf blow out your brains' `Blaze away my lleartv, Diver a dlircip of powther is theta • • .OrThe radical presses have denounc ed.no man, s not even the President, with greater vehemenco than they bare F en ,, an,do Wood, ex.:Mayor of New York. -In a s p eec h jut before the election he 'aid :, " twit .Spring I Wag offered—And leading Republicans offered to Out it into Writing --that if I would desert they would make me the. next .Goyernor of New York." Comment is annecessary, EirWe.have the announcement of the death ;of ..two •of our 4enerals-0, M. .MitebeLand.J.• B. Richardson. The former 'died nt.Beaufort.of 7ellow feyer.ost -the 'Bleteult4 and General•Richaidsmi died of tbb- wounds' , received _it 'the i battle iSt. Antietam at Vat rpiburg Monderniabiy, •
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers