].-6erritsn, rablister. .PRESIDENT BUCHANAN'S ME. S= S G E Fellow Pthrene of the Senate arid .Ffouee of Represenlatioes;—When we compare the Conthitiottof thwOountry at the . present day -with what it wits 'one year age,at the meeting of Congress,-.weluive, much reason for'grati• tilde to that - 'Almighty Providence, which bes never failed to:lnterpose for our. relief at I-he r mit:4 Critiesil periods of our• history. One 'veer ...ago, the. sectional strife"-between the 'North and the on - the dangerous stiteject of Slavery had again -hecoma so • in tense as to threaten . the peace and :prepettii . .y of the Confederacy. The application fur the admiszion Ksn-as as a Siste into the /Ji,iOn„ unhappy_ • agirat.on.. and brought tht;lehole subject unceittore before Congress.--, It was the de-ire of every patriot that, such measures of legislation...might •be adopted as :would remove the cxcitetneiit from the State and confine it to .the Territory where it_ legitimattfy belonged. Much has been done, I -am happy to pay, towards the accointeltahrnent this olejt:ct, during the last session of.ta'rtigreits. The Supreme Court • 'Of-the UttitedStertes.ited previously decided that all American citizenslinvcan equal right_ tit take i ate - the.territories` Ititelter r is- held as :property under the laws of any of thie Strites,and to hold such propriety there under thegOacrlianhip of the Federal Constitution, so lolig as tite Territenial condition shall re- Junin.. This_ now a Welt established posi tion: and,the proceedings of the last session werealone wanting to give it practical e ff ect. 'llie'prinerple has been recregnized,,in sutne forte or other, by en •almost \ unanimous vote of both beatiehes of Congress, that a. Terri tors .had a right to -come into the Union. either as .a free or _..slave_State, according to j _ the viill of a norktrity cif its people.. The just ; equallty.of all the 'States has thus been yin citested, and a fruetful - source , of dangerous clis, , ension among them , has Ewen retnoetl. While such Ittrs. beta-the' beieficial tend ; ener of youriegt,litit - e prwreilings outside of Kati-as, tlieir influence has Bern nowhere •so happy as Vithin that Terkitory it.-elf. .L.ft to manage and eowria its own u ifi t trit in itaown nay, without -the preisure of esternal influence; the rescAutioniiry Topeka organiza tion and all re-6.tunee to the territorial wor t frn rnent eatidtliAed by Corgresa,•bace. been ..,;,;,.fitialtr Ili tandonPa. As a natural con:qequeum :ttit hue Teiritotv now appears to be, tran • 'hind pro:pylons, and is - attracting in crea-M t•low g .10413 of immigrants to wake it their happy iiiime. -' z Ati. The 1 ast imfortunate experipnee of Kansas —has enforeed the leu•on co often already taught, thut reQi..tunee 'to !awful authority. under our fcrin ni..4ririttnment, rxnnot. fug in the end MSMI!MMIMI3=iI=ES Tet.rito , y yielded oht. 2 lictice to the kiws en..refed htr their talidatare, it :it the. prf , 7lll :?.to'!7.3tpj. : hive contained i.frze p•rptilAtiort of incit:trio:tr. at ewe-rppi.i.nz who hare been (Id te:Trd from entering- its borders by the exist eif'-e of civil strife and organized tebellion.. It wart the resistance to rightful authority •stifi the petsavetiog attempt to eatrildish a revolutionary ewes nment under the Topeka 'vont - Italie-1r :Which 'erruffed the people of Kan f.fvto fifrounit the grave error of refusing to vac, 141 r ieh.gatex to the convention toframe rcriele.iitation under a law not denied to be anaiti4l. in its proviion-t. This refusal .votc_ hftli liven-the ,prolifie ;i:turitie of fill the evil.. tibia tofre.followfd. In' their hostility:to the Te,f. - %11(4lial government they disregarded tare trpineit.}e, - ah:foltitety -es-ential to the orri kiligof /Jur form ".ol gOvertiment, that a r.yraj.frity of:tho-e who vote—not the-majori ty %lip may 'reznain' at hoar., from whatever rfacsitmicst decide t u be result of an election. For reason; 6 - fekirtg fq, take advantage of their own error, they dnied the authority of the contention thus 'elected to frame a con trtatith,n. The convention, riot hs:ar.dinz, pinceed • ed io"adop_t•a constitution unexceptionable in its gemefal reatures, lind " providing for -the 'whim - 1,44, m of the slavery que , tion to a rote of :be people, which, in nay opitrkon, they were hoiinti to do.unden art. This was the all-imp ortAr ~iinestion which had alone convulsed the Ter runty.; and vet the opponents . .of the lawful goie.ninelit, persisting in their first error, re ftsined from exercising th a right to vote,sind preferred that. shivery sbouhl continue rather than ttirrender their revolulionary Topeka .-organization. A wiser and better spirit seemed to prevail *efore the first . Monday , of January last when sit elect:inn was held under -the. constitution.. A. maknity of the peoPl4 then voted for a •Gorernor -and other State .6fficera,- for .thenther a congrescl,- -and members of the . State Legi4sture: 'This election war. warmly -contested by the tyro- politittal parties in Kanstaa. -- -and a porter rote was polledthan at "ithy. previous' -election. Al large majority of the members of the Legislatute elect be longed to-it parti whiuh - had previously ie fus4 vote. The anti-slavery _party . wete this placed in the aseetitistut, and the itolitic .sl poi-sr - of the State yes, in their own hands. Cungress-adinitted gamma into-the Un ion-under the LecoriptOn - constitution, the •Legirdatu re might, ..at its very first sessieti, 4uoinitettetitted the question fo a vote a3f-the perlpleoifiether they would or. would 'not Aurisit convention to amend their constito- Aioit;i4her.on the slavery or any other pies= -rhoiz intlAtiive adopted all • nettessary means diulivitag speedy •itfetrt to • the will of the Imaj o rtner . Thus the Kansas._ question would titles - Wei iiitriediately and finally settled. t-,...=•tAlnder..theittrearttnnistanms - s, I submitted to tones - multi, constitution fthisrframed; with mill lite officers already elisciedttecessaryto put Statsigoistrimintiatdoperarioniaccomp "ittlitr&by a doing recommendation in tax& : 'of theadmisisien of Kaman al a -State.. In lini - ,eourseofinv long'•publiet life I.h:wit-Dever. ..toerforraed any Official act which; ..in the' ie. Itroapisrt, hatattrided me cmoreleartfelt sails 'A&iott. admission could i have: inflicted ad ptatitikinjory on any hithan being,whilat -itesear aid, writhiti a brief period, 'have reatorid., r•Meamicegittitias and harmony -to the Union. • doetsithesssetthe &timely 'question would me thisinereteeir.ittrally. , settled, according to „Alm MgallY expressed -will :of a inajority of the I stxl.popular sovereignif:isould sheet, rletve - be.en-vindicetatiin vouteittitionat man- ;IWith my deep conVictioria of duty, I could %an pained no other course; It is true that, at, an indiridulti, I bad expreeed an opinion, troth before and during the session of the con vention, in favor ,of subtnitting. the remaining clauses orate constitution, as well as that concerning slavery., to the people. But, !tot ing in an r4ficial.character, neither tr. ) self rnor any human authority had the power to rejtidge 1116 . proceedings if t h e convent i on , and declare the constitution which it had framed a nullity. To have dr ne this woniti hate been a viOlation , ' { of the Kinsas and Nil. braska out, which left the people of the Terri tory "perfectly free, to : form and regula e their domestic institutions in their own wire, AtiljeCi only to the constitution of the United States. It would , equally have violated' the great principle of popular sovereignty,. at the ft/Ululation t.f our inqttutions, to deprive the people of the power, if they thought proper, to exercise it, Qf confiding to delegates elected by theinselve.s[thiliust of framing a constitution, without requiring them to auh ject their Constiitiental to the trouble, expen-e end deky of a veCoWfl 'election. would have been in opposiiion to . many pre-edenti in our hiAory, commencing in the very best age of the repUblie,'Of the adinission of Tetri - - wri e r, as ;,;ate' ,ititO . the -Union, w ithout: a previou- vote of the people -apptov t rig their constitution.. I. is to be ramOnted- that a qu' titian so in significant when vie Wed, in its piacticiir ef fects on the people of Kansas . , whethor, eided.ime wny or the other, died such a flame of excitement throughout the country. Thi. reflection may prove lobe a lesson of wisdom rind of warning_ for, our tu•ure guidance. Practically considered, the• question is sitrply whether the peopleStf that Tertifory should first ',come into the Mien and then change amyl provision in their kin ,tituiion not agreeable to themselves, or no coti-;;;lieh the ivy saline of j..-ct by remaining out . of te .L7trion and fratnirg another Ct.kl Vit otiott,in_rtccorditt;ce With their In either csi•-e the result !Would be precisely the same. The only differen - ce in point of ,fnct is, that_ the object would Wive 'teen Mitch sooner attained, and the pncifinatibn of Kan sas inure speedily effected, bad tt been ad mitted as a State do tog the list session of Ct s rrtgress..' jy _ . tecomMendatipo, however for the iin mediate admission of Kansas failed to meet the%approval of Congress. • The'y defied it wiser to adopt a ditle , ent measure tor- the settlement of the qua tion. For iny own part. I should Ts re been wiHing - yield In) assent, , , . . , . to almost any consuintional riEVASOrktIO - AC. 44,11 - 11)1bli this'ubjecti 1, therefore, acqui,sced in w -lint has been called tbeEnz -11-11 Ctimpiondee, and approved the '"Act for the ndinis.sten of the State of Eittlfollt in to the Uniim,"Upo - the terms therein pres 'critied. • Under the ordinance which accompanied tecempton constitution, the people e r,anots . IT n ..i ...4.-...... a.- I 1 .41 ..1..... 1- , —. •;.....-, .... public lands for i the support .of common 5.e,L0014, wbiuh bad e ver , 'reek previously grauted to any State upon entering' the din ion ; and also the alteinate scc-ions of land for teelve miles on frault aide of two railreads, p.opo.ed to be con s tructed from the northern r o the southern boutidary of ;he, State. Con .gte.l, deeming these claims unreasonable. provided, by act of May 4, 1858. to which 1 hare jot referieil, for the adinission of the Slate on nir equal footing with the 'original Stares, bet, "upon the fundamental condition precedent 'that a rniijority of the people there• of. at ameleetion iolibe held for that purpose, should.- in place of the ve.y large grants of pitilic lands which , 4heir had demanded tinder , he ordininci, aecept such rants-a..g had beard' made to' ilifitthe.oti and ether nettoltateii. girder this Set. r.hould a maj airs "4+W:if 114 piirpOsition tittered tbetn, "it shell be, deithed and held that the people of Kansas do not desire admission :into the Union with said constitetioe under the conditions set forth in rptidproposition : " -In that event the act situborizeS the people of the Territory to elect delegates to form a constitutton and State government for themselves, "whenever, and rot before, it is aeOertained by a census, duly and legally trikeM that the populition of said Terii tory equals or exceeds the ratio of representation tequired for s member of the Litonite o ritetoo-.,..d.—.:-,-..0r - tne t..a - nig re.s of rtie•United Stases.r The delegates thus as a.sembled "strall-'Lerst determine by a vote whether it is the . Wish of 11. e people of the propo,ed State toe admitted into the Union. , i, at that time, and, if eo, shall proceed to form a constitution, an take all necessary steps for the esteblishttiiit of a State government inconformity with the federal constitution." After this constitution shall have been form ed. Congress, cailrying out, the principles of populur sovereig ty and non intervention, hive left tbe"thOcl and mariner of its approv al or ratilicittion tr ' the peopleofthi proposed State" to be "prescribed by law," and they "shall then be adrnitted into the Union; as a State, wader sues constitution tiros fairly and legally madel with or without - slavery, as said coustitutitcn may prescribe." An election was held throighout Kansas, -in pursuance of lie -provisioniV of this act, ou the second - day o {¢' August last, and it result ed in the rejectio4, by a large majority, of the proposition Stiburitted to the people by Congress. Thistret s itg the- case,-they are now authorized to form anotbei tonatitution, pre paratory to adOrrnon into the Union, but riot.tutil their tit raper ; - as ascertained by a - census, shaltequid or eiceed - the 'alto requir ed to elect a we:. ber to the flutise - .of Reps resentativiii. . , . . . , DM!1;"31 It is not prob ble, in tbsi' present state: if -things-that a ird . o,oustitation-vah bw folly franied d:-presented Congress by IKaosas. before its population •shall• =have _rem:lied the deal oared number. Nor is it: to be - piciPumed liat; after their sad ,esperi otanee in revititiig thia territorial laws, they will r etteinpt4,o - -ado t a °mist itntion in express Iviolation 01 the• visions of an .aet of tAnt- I refit. Dating .session of 1858,.tnnch of the time of Con ere Ant.occupied' on the -oladmitting.Katisaa'under the -Tor peke iimstitati ;rAgaiu;nearly of dirtiest aessioti Wes devoted .4ttee _ a tiob 4 its.,,radm+ 'on under .the ' Levongoon, euarsittition.-', tirely, it is not up reasonahle'l ro - trquire•the opts of }Unseen> Wait before making a third attempt, until the number of -their inbabitan s hrill-: -amount - to nine : thrse i - thousand four is ndred' and twenty. ---. Quring this brief periodk eliarmony - - of the States, I 1 to Sian as the g eat business interests-of - the i Otruntry,dema that the people . f the union i shill not.for,e - thirdinne - be convulsed. by another _agitat ob of the. Kansas_ ,queritiou. By - waiting f a :abort time, and - act- . ingin obedienc4 to the law;gansasivriilitlide , • KWE 'OURSELVES TO 110 PARTY THAT DOES NOT CARRF ,THE .FLAG. AND KEEP STEP TO-THE ,musgt - OF THE 'UNION." ontrost, slicatutg; Sette4 C.,llitrzha so,nting, Pit outtr - 10 7 185 g into the Union without the slighsest itupedis ment.j This excellent provision, which . Congress have epplied to - Kansas, ought to be extend ed andsendeted applicable to all Territories widen may hereafter seek admission into the 'Union. Whilst Con gress postiessee the Undoubted power of admitting a s t ew State into the U4' ion, howeveretnirlhmay ire :lie number of its inhabitants, yet this power ought not,• opinion, to be exercised before the population 61)111 amount to the ratio required by the act of the ndinistion of Kansas. lied this been previously, the rule, the country - would have escaped All the twits and misfortunes towhich it has been exposed. by this "E.euses gees- Ofcourse, it would be unjust to give this role a , retrospective application, and exclude a State whit:holt:Ling upon the past practice of the - government has already funned its con stit.ution, elected its Legislature and other Acers, aed is now prepared to enter the The rule ought to be adopted whether we • - cushier its beating upon ther people of the lerrituries, or upon the people of the existing . States. Many of the serious dis-ensious which have. prevailed in : Cengretts and throughout the country would have been a refried, had this rule been established at, an earlifir period of the government liiimediately upon . the formation of a new Terintory, people from different States and hoMiforeign countries rush into it.: fur. the laudatkkr puipose„of improving their condi. 9914 Their ,first. ditty lo:theniselvei to op etrood cultivate farms, to construct- roads, litt es:radish schools, toierectrylatseact religious worship, aed.to devoie.thets, energies general Iv ylreelitim,thu,svildernerte and- to hey the ;Ilitindatiertis of a to - Cithing• a nd. prosperous cututitouwealtl4, Ifost.this„. incipient condi tion,witts' a poPtilation:pf a few thousand; they; iirala preniittur`ely enter that Union, th,est rare ei lk ieswr, by the hoiden of State taxatinn, end the Mitents-necessary fur. the jai provement of the Teriitory and the axe*: meat.of their own interests, ate thus div e rted • to vovi different put poses. The federal government has ever been a liber i al patent to the Territories, aid .A geOur oes - tiontribetor to the useful eriterprites_of the earl settlers. It has paid the expenses of their i governments rind tegislative assemblies out of the common tteasury, end thes,reliev ed therri,from R heavy charge. X . toler these ci:courstauees nothiugean be Leiter toleulet- ed to retard their materiel progress than' to direft than from their useful employments Pretn4turelv exoiing angry pelitioel owe. t e sts! among tll;ernselves, fur the benefit of as- I piritjg leaders. It is surely - no hardship fol - emttyo governors, senators and members of Coarse, .wait until the number Of in- gtessional oistriet. They surely ought not lobe permitted to rush into the Uuiwr rut!) a population less than one holler several of the large Counties in the interior of I•olue of the gooks. This was the condition of Kansas when it made application to be admitted under the Tepeta constitution. Besides, it reqiiires some lime to render ihe mass of a popillation collected in a new Territory at all hurreigeneoes, and to unite them an any thing lite a fixed policy. Establish the rule, end;all will looksforward to it and - govern thettiselves accordingly. Tut justitss to the people of the several Shares requires that this rule Arita be est abliered by Congress. Each State is entitled twei:senators end at least one repretrenta ii4iti-Congre;s. Should the people of the Birkes - fail to elect a 'Vice President, the poWer devolves upon the Senate to select this of&e' r from the two hivest candirlates,on the list. In case of the death of the Presiderit, the Vice President thus elei•tcd by the Serrate, becOnaes President of the United States. On afl q.reetir.ns -of legislation, the Senators from the•smalle - t Stales of the Union have an equ;'ll vote with :hose from the largest. The sam e may be said in regard to the ratification Nestles, and of Exect:the appointments: All this has worked l t dret.sta,7 rn practice, sentrorm - ii in principle with the cha reeler of a government institubd by sover eign States. I presume no An3erican - eitizn would desire the slightest change in the ar rangement. Solt, is it not unjust and un wri al to the existing States to invest some PO t y or fifty thousand people collected in a Territory attic the atttibutea of sovereignty, and place them on a equal footing with Vir gime and New York in the Senate of the United States For these 'reasons I earnestly redoinmnd 11)4 passage of a genehtl act which shall pro iiide that, upon the application of a Territo rial Lpg6lattireArclating their beli e f th a t the Territory-contains a number of inhabitants which, if ins State would entitle them -to elebt inetither of thingresk, it shall be the duty of he ?resident to cause the census of the inhabitants to he taken, and if foUnd suf lieien 'their by the, terrns of this act to authorize them to proceed *in their own way' to frame a State constitution preparatory to admission into the Union. I also rennin friend Hist an tippre'priatiOn tray be made to enable the Fielident to take the census of the 'peon le of Kansas. . ThEi p"re,ebt,tondition of the Territory of Girth, when contrasted with what is was one Tear ago, is the . tut for congratulation. It .was then its a . state of open rebellion. and, cost what it might, the character of the etirernment required that this. 'rebellion 'should be suppressed-andthe Mmmons corn pelted to yield obedience to the constitution and thelaws. In order to accomplish this obj.ot, as 1 informed you in my last annual ine.sage, I appointed a beg , Governor instead alßrighatn Young. and other federal officers to take the place of those who, - consulting their personal safety,.bad found it ,necessary •to withdraw fro - iii the . Territory. . To protect -these civil officers and . to-_ajd thain;:aa *Bl , e:cok!sitaitts, in ;he ezestutioo otthe laws -incase` - - of need, 1 . ordettieti'detiAlVeot, -to - tir aecompany them to ' The 1-'44:104, 4 4. Orad - Optlait theie measures riow . ' O the 15th of September, 1851,Gitierjibi YOung: . .imued of arilndepentlent - sotiereiki,...intmineing %le biloree-Of arms tha'entil of thti - nniteit'Stites'-'tiocipi 'into' On :dvio inyritori.'of •15) , this he ' required all il(afetices of tbelepitopylo "hold thetnialiti In, readiness to Tmaicit at motitiatY,l6 - tice to repoliiiay :and -fabltalmcf through threats. Forts Bridger and. Supply were vacated and burnt drvn by the ilotortnons to deprive . our troopa..., i of a shelter after - their long and 'fatikuing i _march. Orders were issued by Daniel Ll. , Wells, styling himself ':Lieutenant, Generp, Nauvoo Leguan," , to stampede the noire + .of ihe United Slates troops on their-m - arch . ,to set fire , to the. rains, to barn the , grass; ittul the.w hole country be. *foie them and on their flanks, to keep their) from sleeping by .l ight surprises; and. to hlot•kade the road felling trees and des= troying the fords of flyers; ace_ Am... These orders .were,. promptly and etlectuallr obeyed. On the 4th of October, 1857. tb Mo• mons captured rind burned on Green river three, of our, supply trains; consisting serenty4ve wagon! loaded Willtiravisiods and tents of the army, and drove_trulayAier al hundred anitualsi. ~ This disreinished - the supply 'Of provilig niaterialli . thaf j o b us ee was ehli to reduk4s the ration, and even - with .this . precaution there Was only , sufficient left to sublist the troops until the let of -June. Ourlittly aimv behaved admirably in their encampment at Fort Bridger under these_try• lug privations.. le. the midAt, of the. menu_ tains, in a dreary . ,, "unsettld and inhospitable region, .more thitti a thon.aud miles from home. they passed the severe and inclement winter without it 7 tdurinur. they lohlted forward with cotill„Jrue for the relief from the country season, and in this they were not disappojtited... The SeCrel a ry:of "% . "4"tr 'employed all his energies to roman' . thim the yienessary stip plies, and"tO mustetatid . send,slich a military feline .folUtith it. would render resistance on the part: of the Itirmons. hnpeles , and thus terminate the w;r without the- effusion of blood._ !a this-effort he was efficiently sus 4tined by Cimgret t i,,Tey granted appropria. twos aufttolent loc - "tier died fi . ;ieucv thus iteces4rity ! 'et!ea t'ol, and "al.o' 'provided for raising tworeiriretWita• Of'velunteers, the . purmandisturbam.es in the Terri tory of Vtt?it , i;::)iftic protection of'supply and emigrant eratss:iad the,sepptessionof Indian ",I_lttppilY there Arai no'adrasion't4 call these regiments into service. c lf.lbefe':had been, I - should have felt "serious eintwtriOsintint in selecting then', so greaLvista . .tlienumber of our brave and patriotic citizeniq'pximis to sen'e their coun try in this diatan, and apparently dangerous Thni it has bee - D, awl - thus . ffitY it ever - be 1 The wisdom** economy of sending suf ficient reinforcenients to Utah are established trot only by thei t etient; but iri the''opitdon of I 0 . 1...12.5. adul t es - t - a1 ' 41.41.1.0e tti,o'ne !earl wrr fr itipiiio. are OEte most. et:pride, of, forming - 'a cop ree.t jaulgtne4 Gen. lohnson. - the con's manner of thiforces. in addressing the Secre tary of War from Fort 13ridger,. under date • , ,,c n ,t4h.r. Ifujs.4l. o . eat:tresses, the,_ oninipn that "1.111163 A R Mfg*: .1174.10 II Zen. 'WRY, It In the nature of the country, a protracted z war on their (the Mormons) 'part is inevitable." This he considered" necessary, to terminate the ;war "speedily and .more economicsll.; than if attempted by insuffkient means," . In the mean tithe it was my anxious desire that the Mormons should yield obedience to the constitution and the laws, without render ing its necessary to resort to -military force. To aid in accompliAitig this otject, I deem edit advisable in April last to, dispatch two distinguished cititens of the.tnifted States, Messrs. Powell and MeCtr,lfochJ to Utah.- They bole with them a proclatiottion address ed by myself to the inhabitants of Utah,dated on the sixth day of that montb,warning them of their true Condition, and how hopeless it was on their part to persist in rebellion against the United States, and t ffering all those who should-submit to the laws, a fall pardon for their past _seditious and treasons. At the -erne time I assured those who.shonld persist in rebellion against the United Staten, that they must expect no forther.lenitV . , but look tube rigerously dealt with :recording to their d e serts. The irAtriii tons to these agents. as well earl copy of the proclamations, and t hat. .eport's are herewith submitted. It will Ibe seen by their report-of the 3d Of July la't, that they have fully confi.med the opinion expre-sed by General Johnson in the previous October, as to the hettssitrof sending r'-ins forcetnentt to Utah.. In thins they state that they are "Minty iniprearsed With the belief that the pretence of the ,arrny here and the large additional force that had been ordered to this Territory, were the Chief inducements that cau'.ed the Mormons to abandon the idea of resisting the authority of the United States. A less decisive policy Would prob ably have re‘fulted in a long, bloody and ex pen-itl orittk. n - , , . There get:oh:ire - en - cOnducted themselves to my entire - satisfaction, and rendered useful service in executing the humane intentions of the goveroment. - -• , It also affords - me great satisfaction to state that Governor•Cuinming has performed his duty in tin able and senciliatory manner, and with the hAppiest effect. I cannot,infthis connection, efrain from mentionng the val uable services of Cel. Thrones L. Kann, who, kern motives of pure -benevolence, and with out any official character or \ peeuniary corn pensation, visited' Utah dunog the -last in clement winter, for the purpose of contribut ing to the pacification of the Territory. 'I .tiria happy to inform yon that the Gov -ernor and otVar 'civil _officers of Utah, are now Peifortning their appropriate rune , tiona without r'esist'ance. The ' authority of the cimstitutiori and, te . laws his been fully restores , and Peace' preiails thioughout 'the Territory. . _, A - portion . of tho . trincipi sent to titali ate now encamped in - Cedar Valley, .foitriotir miles soathwe.t 'of-Salt Lake City ; and r the rernaindni - littvdheen • ordered - to - Oregon to .• suppress' Indian hostilities.. :.. - 1 : _, . • 'll6 thatch' of the , arniiicrSalt . talre city, thrtingh•the Indian Territtiry;has:had a pi 4 .- eiftil, effect in restraining the hostlleleelirig against the .I.Tnited, Suites,— !liinlf 4 t.sikisted enrol the indiantOn tbat retioril'attifiri'sill' curing emigrants to tle -FiOltieltitilidist their depreditiens, Tht '' 4ilfr-Atin'' - 14- The means of itlit - hl ishing ' milli tiferit r aiti iiiidllir& • .... tnopnr settlements, idoiltbl'lntite.. • • - • '-_ I freponimend.diat the heneflts' of gni 'land laws'aadlsie-iimptibin 'systetri be, extended to the'peOPleof-Utakty.' tliti,ettablishment of a land 45ffice iri'tblit Territory. -', . • ' "1 .-- '' ... ',. 4 , I inivirikealion, alio, to Congratulate yen on therritult of our negotiations with China. You • were' lifdimed ' by' thy thist',isitinual message that ciar'Ministerhed been instucted to occupy a neutral fiesitinti in the-hostilities conducted bt -•Grtast pii.ain 'Slid France -,------,--• -- - against, Canton.. Ire was;however, at ' the same time directed to co•operate-mirtilially With the British and French. Minister, iit.ali peaceful mertittrea to seem: by treaty theist; just . concessiuns to foreign, nointnexce, Which the nations of the worldliad a - right to de• friend., It was itriponsible' for fin e to:proceed further . tken this on:itiy - own,elOritrity, with out nstirping the vier makin g power, which, under the s conatitu Lion, helot* eieluistvely. to Besides, after; a oareful' exa'nainetionot the nature 04 extent of our grievenees, I did not believe they were of such'' pressing and ag. graeated . r.l . 'its - cter, as would have justified Congress -i n declaring sitar against the Chinese -Empire; without first Melting another earnest attempt to adjust, theft by peaceful negotia tion. 1 was the more inelined . 'to this opin ion, because of the severe chnstisiment which 'had then but recently been inflicted upon the, Chinese by our squadron, in the capture and destruction 0(46 Barrier forts, to avenge an alleged insult to our flag. ''the event has proved the wisdom of our neutrality. Our minister hits executed his in struciiiin with eminent skill 'and ability. In conjunction with the Rtne•iin plenipotentiary, he has peacefully hat effectually co operated with the English' and French plenipotentia ries ; and, .each of, the four powers has con cluded 'it separate treaty with China - , of a highly satisfactory character. The. Beaty concluded byour own plenipotentiary well immediately be submited to tne Senate. I am happy. to announce the', through the energetic yet conciliatory efforts . of our Consul General in Janne, a - new treaty has be'en coneludedovith that empire, which may 'be expecied materially to augment our wide and.intercourse in that quarter and remove from our cOuettymeh the disabilities which have hitherto been imposed upon the exer cise of their religion. The treaty shall be summitied to the Senate for approval without delay., It is my earliest desire that every miaun derstanditig with the government of Great, Britain should be amicably adjusted. It has been the misfortune - of both Countrtes, almost over since the period of the revolution, to have b‘-en annoyed by a, succession 'of it ritating and dangerous questions, threatening their friendly relation-. This has partially pre vented thelull 'development .or those feelings of mutual' friendship between the people of thritwo countries; so nattioll in themselves. and so enedriciie' to.their common interest. Any iserioui‘interru'ption of the . corninerce be tween the United Sloes and Great,Britain would' be equally injurious to both-. In face ....,,,lISICTIOLM illiMo - 1124 . 2,7C1141H111111 aspLk. &WA: .1 the earth whitth could do' each other so much good or eio much harm. . I Entertaining these sentiments, I atlt grati fied to inform you that the long pending Peraii.e e u r fo v be tu t e we t e ja,-..s ib otu tw ul - s•Ponetro e n ni ltn i o n starch,, has been amicably adjusted. The claim on the part of Great Britian, forcibly to 'visit American vessels on the high sets in time of peace, could not be sustained under the laws of nations, and it has been over ruled-by her own most eminent jurists. This qeestion was retiently brought to an issue by the repeatA mita of British crusiera in bostd tog met .enrchting our met-Chant_ vessels in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent: seas. These acts were the more injurious .and. annoying as these waters are traversed by a large por t:on of the'conireerce of theited States, and their free and unrestricted ‘l"<ts i essential to the coastwise :trade . betwee • different States of the Union. -Such vexatious inter ruptions could no, = fmil to exeitt the feelings of the country and to require; the interposi tion of the government. Remonstrances were addle-sett . to the British lgoveniment egainst: these violations of oar right's of sov ereignty, and a' navel tome' lvaS at the same time ordered to- the "Cuban elvers, seith di, rectiona .. to 'Protectt all ve-eels of the United Mates on the high. Peas frorn search or de. tendon by ve-sels of war bf. airy tuition." :these measures reeeived iFfe untjualifled and even entliusiasertaPprubi:tioit of the Ameri can people. .Most 'fortimatelv, however, no collision took ,place, and the British govern- Meet Proitipily avowed its 'reeognitien of the principles of tate tuitional law upon this sub ject, as laid down by the United Stites, in the Cote of the Serretary of State to the Brit ish Minister . at Washinom„ of April 10th, 1858, Which secure the vessels the United States upon the - high seas from visitation or search in time or peace, under any circum stances wherever. The claim has been aban cloned in a manner reflecting honor upon the British government, and evincing a just re gard -for the law of nations, and cannot fail tostrengthen the amicable relatiocs, between the two countries.. The British government, at the same time proposed to the, United States that some mode should be adopted, by mutasl arrange ment between the two countries, of a champ: ter which may be fuun I effective- withotit. heT ing offensive, for verifying the -'nnticittility of ve,sels suspected en good grounds of cairsi ng false colors. They hate, also invited. the Uni ted States to take the initiatiie, and propose measures for this purpose. ,Whilst declining to assume so.grave a responsibility, the See "retary of•State_hai informed , the-British _gov ernment that vie are ready t o reprise :thy ploy°. sals whirfi they -may feel disposed to offer, having this object in view, and to consider ip are amicable spirit. A strong opinion is, hosiever, elm wised, that the occasional abuse of the flag of any nation is as *veil far leis to he deprecated than would be the establish ment of any regulations which might be itt coitipatiblei With • the freedom' of -the seas. This government has yet - received ^no com thunication specifying the manner in which -the British government Would • propose to carry out their suggestien;, and I am inclin <id-to believe - Abet no plan which can ,be Sised . oriirbe free from grave embarrassments. Still Ir' shall form no dpititled opinion -on the 'subject'untii- I shall have carefully and in the best:spirit eiatidned ally' Proposals which they rosy thick - proper to-Make: • • • Hor4tury tiorry.-thae I Cannot Also inform vii+tlsar.{tlib bompliaaticini between Great Britaiot-stnd4b4 United Buttes, arising out of the Clayton and, Bulwer treaty of April, 1850, base been Ilnallradjusted: - • At the cbmatenotrinent of your last session, I bad reason to hopethavemancipating themi Belies from ftirthet unaitaifinediscussions;the two governments would pkoceed to settle the Central ‘••.A-roerioitn,'questiot3 in- it prietitist Inannero . diketheCorable--and:satisfaiitory.•to both`; and-'this' hope' I have not yet `MAD donoct. In m* last annual massage, I lasted that overtures had been made by the British government for this , purpose, in a friendly spirit; . which I cordially 'reciprocated. Their proposal, was, to withdraw those questions from direct negotiation between the two gov ernments; but to accomplish the same object, by a negotiation between the'British govern- ' went and each of Central .American re= publics whose territorial interests are imme diately Involved. :The Settlement was to be made in accordance, with the general tenor of the interpretation placed upon the Clayton) and Balwer „treaty by. tie Ainited States, with cettaio moditleations. As negotiations are still pending upon', thiti Wigs, it- would not be , proper for me now to communicate their present condition. A..final settlement of ther.e questions is greatly .to, be desired, as this would wipeout the last remaining subject of dispute the two countries. - Our relations with the great.empires of Prance and ttussiit, as with all other govern ments 'on the continent of 'Europe, except - that of *tin, continue to lie of the most s friendly character. , • . With Spain our relations remain in an nti patisfro;tory condition. In my message of December last I informed vou that our Envoy Ex r aw din ary irnd Minister Plenipotentiary to Madrid had a-Iced:for his recall; and it was my purpose to send out knew. Minister to that court, with special inAructions on all questions pending between the two govern tnents, and with a _determination to have them speedily and aniinably adjusted, if that were possible. 'lbis purpose has been hitherto defeated by causes which I need not enumer ate. . The mission to Spain has been entrusted Co a distinguished citizen of Kentucky, who will proceed to Madrid without further delay, and snake another and final atteraptto obtain ju.tice firm that grriernment. Spanish officials, under the direct control of the Captain General of Cuba, have insulted our national flag, and, in repeated instances, have from time to :tittle itiflieted injuries on the persona and propertY of our citizens. These have given birth to numerous claims against the Spani4 government, the merits a which have been ablydiscus-ed fora series - of years, by our at i titeasise diplomatic representatives. Notwithstanding this, wa s have not arrived at a practical result in any single instance, un less we except the case of the 131acle Wariur ander the late AdMinistration; and that pre - Netted AO outrage of such a character as, would have•justified an immediate resort to War. All our attempts to obtain redress have been battled, and defeated: The frequent and oft= reeurriugchanges in the .Spanish ministry, haie been erup4oyed as a reason for delay. We haYS been compelled to• wait. again and again, until the new minister shall have had time to investigate the justine of our demands. - Even .what have been denominated " the Cuba in.which mote than a hundred furnished no exneirten:."TtlreilliTe'....ted,.hacv,e the refunding of dUties ' njus!ly exarted o r i American Vessels at different. Custom Houses in Cuba, ao Tong ago ' as the year 1844. The principles , upon which they rest are so mani festly equitable and just, that after a period of nearly ten years, in 1854, they were re cognized by the Spalsish government. Pro-. ceedings were afterwards instituted to nicer fain thoir amount, and this finally fixed ac cording to their own statement (with which we ale satisfied). at ttio suns of one, hundred and twenty eight thousand six hundred and thirty five dollars - and fifty-four tents. . Ju-t at this moment, after, a deity of .fourteen yearn, when we had reasoti s to expect this snro would be repaid with intereSi, we hnve re &iived a proposal ofering to refund one-third that amount, (forty-two thousand eight, htin dred and seventy-eight dollars and forty cerirs,) bur withi ut interest,if we Would ac cept this in, Jul! satisfaction. The offer hr, also, accompanied by a,declaration that this indensnife•ation is not landed on any reason of "strictjustiee; 'but- is made as a special favor. -••- . - • One alleged cause for - procrastination inrthe examination and adjustment of our claim+ arises from an obstiteki which it is the duly of the Spaftiiii . goverdment to remote. Whilst the - CaptaimGeneral •of Cuba is invested with general 'despotic authority the . d'ov eminent of that island, the power is withheld from him `.to examine and redress intone committed by officials under his control on citizens of the United States; Instead" o f Making our complaints directly to him at Havana we are obliged 'to present .them through our Minister at Madrid... These are then referred back to the Captain General for information, and much time is thus consumed in preliminary inveNtigaitons , anti corrOpon deuce between Madrid and Cuba, before the Spanish internment arill•consent to proceed to negottation.. Many of the difficlt:ion be• tweet, the two governments Would be obviated. and a long train of negetintion avoided, if the li Captain, General wve, invested with authority to settle questions of easy solution on the spot,, when all the facts are fresh and could be promptly and satisfaCtorily ascertained. We hate • hitherto In vain urged upon - the Spanish - gliverement- to confer this potter upon the Captain-General and our Minister to Spain wilt again be instructed to urge this subject upon their nonce. In this we occupy a dttferent - position from the' powers of ,Et rope. Cuba is iltur4t our shores ; our nommerce with it is far greater 'than, that-of any- other nation, including Spain itself; and out citizens are in habits of daily and extended personal intercourse with every part of the iSlanrl. It is, therefore, a great grievance that; when any' diffienlty oc curs, no matter box/ unimportant, which might be readily veiled at the moment; we should be, obliged to, resort to Madrid, espe cially, when the very-first _step to be harken there is to. refer.it back to Cube. -" The truth is, that Cubs, in its existing colonial 'condition, is a tonstant source of in iury and annoyance to the American people. It is the Only spOt in die civilized world where .the African slave trade is tolerated,; and - we are bound .by; treaty, with, Great Britain to maintains naval force on the coast of Africa, at :much expense_ both of lifesaud treasure, relely-foribe- purpose of= arresting, slaves bound to that:4l4oi The late serious difficulties - between the" United States- and Greet Britain respecting the right of searob; now so happily terntirlatedi eetild never. have arisen if Cub* had a t`afforded a market for .slaves; As longacthis market shall remain open; there be cm hope for the civilization orbanighted , Afriestv4Whilat fhademand for slaves - shalt 'eontintrein 'Cuba;'Wars will be wagetl among" the pet/ and barlitirtins chiefs tiohimt IL lin in Africa, for the:purkose to supply this trade. In at twain,, it is impossible that ilivition and religion can etro dark ahodeg. . , • It has been mal3e Imotti-the world by my predecessors, that the , tilted States . intv on several occasions, ende vOred to acquir . Oahe 'by bonorable'negotia tun. If thia wet' accomplished the last rel c of the Ataxia 4%4; tiade would inbtantl3 disappear. Ir would not, if we - could, accuire Cuba in an other manner. This is due, to our, natioWA character. L- All the territory which.we hair acquired since the origin of the goreintnin has been by fair purchase front l'rancit, , §pai and Mexico, or by the tree and volUntary:a of the independent State of ern', in Islendin her destinies with our own This course w shall ever pursue, unless'Cir Mostances shM4 lcoccur, which we do not it tv 'antiCipate tea, dering a departure from.it clearly iustifiab ti lel under the law of pelf preservation. The island of Cuba, tram its geographica position, commands-the in nth of the,Mbuti sippi, and its immense - end annually' intreas inn trade, foreign and co stwi-e, from th 1 vaTley of, that noble riv r, now enibracin half the sovereign States o the Union. Wit that under the dominion o a,distant foreig power, this trade ; of vital i port-ance to tl. States, is exposed:to the d nger of being de stroyrd in tim m of war, a it, Las hither - ' been subjected to perpetu. 1 - injury and a l t noyance in time of' peace. Our relations aft Spain, which ought to be o the moat friend character, must always he laced in jeopardy, whilst the existing,colonia government ow the island shall retain in its present condi• Lion. Whit t'he Ponsessien o be of vust importance - to t itssv,alue to• Spain is, con portant. Such was the r the parties, when the grea (erred Lcuisana to the Mr ous, as he ever was, of and interests of France, nel die world, has imputed bla capting a pecuniary equival , The puhlieity whietr.ba former negotiations upon the large appropriation quired to effect the purpose before making another att negotiation, that I should ject before Congress. ' necessary, as it .may beciin ' success, that rshould be ' means of making an adva government immediately the treaty, without awaits of it by the Senate. I make this stiggestion, by ' Jefferson, previous, to tile , inns, from France,"ancl by in view of, the acquisition Mexico. I - refer the who zress, and commend it t I ./lltno.._ I repest,the recortiroCGl atiort made in . message of Decetnin;r , last in- favor •of-an a propriation "to-be paid t the Spanish eminent for the purp of distribution along the,claimants in t ie. Amistad ca ' Prssideat - Poll first mae a similar reed .; meodatton in 'December, 847, and' it w s repeated be my immed ate predecessor a 'December, 1853. I ante lain no doubt th t indemnity is fairly . cl,ie, o these c laim s to under our treaty .Kith Sp in ,on the 27th f 0ct0ber,,1795; and whils disitilandirijusti er :L i we ought to do jostiee. An . appropriati n promptly made for this purpose; conld not fail to exert a favorable ntinenee on our te -gotrition with' Spain. . Onr position in relation to tbs . indepe.d ent States south uf.cs on this continent. a d especially'those •within the limits of No tit America, i.e of , a, peen! ar character. ha northern boutidary of Msicti - is , coincid.nt with cur own' eonthern,b undarj , from o ~ a to ocean ; and we m st necessarily fee a deep 'interest in all th t concerns the w.. 11. 1 :, being and the fate of so ear a neighbor. a have,always cherished th ,kindest wishes , or the success of that itePub ic,and have ind al ..ee the hope that it ought at last; after all -it trials, enjoy .peace and !prosprity .uncle I free, and stable government. 'We have ne a hitherto interftired, directly.-.or-- indirec I' with ita ittertnl, affairls, and it is a d 't whicit we owe to ourselves; to protect the ' tegrity of its territory ?against the - hos i interference. of arty other' power. Our - 1 graphical position—our direct "interest in. that concerns Mexico,' and- our .-weill-seft pulley in, regard to the North Jtroerie continent, renders it an indispensable dutY Mexicci has been in a Iktate of donstant toltition, almost ever since it achiered_iut dependence. One military leader after' other has usurped the government in rtt succession, and the varie u s constitutions f tithe to time adopted ba.-eteen set at nan almost 113_6900 as they were proclaimed. suctiessive governinents sire afforded on 'rate protection, either to . Mexiierin citi or foreign residents *gal st lawless viol° Heretofore, a seizure of he oaPiral by a tary chieftain has bee goitenillY folio by at least • the nomi al submission - of country to his rule for a' brief pettier], but so at the present crisis of' Mexican affairs. civil 'war hati been raging tor, some.. chmonghout the Republic, .betiyeen the est government at the city 10fMeiico, which endue cored to subvert' the eonstitutiOn' framed by. military - power,.-anti thoise maiutain the.authortty of that - itonstittit The antagonistic parties ear t h 'Nei& ;. - - of different States of .th „limpublui, and fortunes• of war arc, onstantly chang Meanwhile,. the; moat reprolteasible int have been employed by both partieir to er money: ficitn•foreitiers-, reiwell se native l e carryon " this ruinous contest: The trot is,, thattiiii fine ,country, tresseti with a: nu• rive soil, and I( benign climate,. bait been - re. duced by • Orli dissentron. tote Candid ;of almost hopeless.tmaroby - and' imbecility. "'lt would be rain for thegoyernment to att pt to enforce payment lreineney of the - claims . of American citizeas,l now ainountlar 'to mote thin ten million dollars,against Misioo; becansta she isdestitute i l of ail poptinlitrytileatiii to satisfy these demands:. - .-' ".- Our late minister Wi4 furnished . with a phi_ powers and instruction for thendjustme t or all-pending rioestions with thaoantral go erns: . meat of Me 41133 - and he - performed ilk tity's with zeal and ability.' -The. claims o our Milieus,. soine of them arising out ofth ,vio: - lotion of an' express' *revision of the .- taiy of Qua diltipsi Eltdalguotad other,. ' &Mit' row. i 'ojtiria to per*orts.as-ta as property. - btr 4' B a s ing ' a I b diti ,tt a con o o o the light of oi! -r . penetrate-th the island wool , be United'State • iparatively, uni. • ;Wive situation .f Napoleon tra ;Jed States, - aea he national . ,hop. Persob thrutigh6 me to bitsi, for eat for this nessio been gireti to t Pro subject; which maybe g., renderitexpedien , -tript.tO renew tie lay 01; whole su . 1 his is especial)i e indispensable. ntragted ulth t . rice to the Spani fter the signiug..f • og: the ratifies& m encouraged o be example of M . p - arehase of Loui •- that of Mr. Pol of territory fro • , Atilject. tri. Co . their careful col: ran ed !au lon the ng. una j , to
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