• 9P TESTERDAVIN PBOOKISEDINGLI • ATM—Pen din g the m oonsideration of nAiegt theta= bill was returned from den moied that the Senate in !II its amendments and agree to the conference called for by the . , APOttort was agreed to, and the Chair P,essenden; . Van Witarie !lothkkt.on the part of. the - Senate; rveregyell introduced ajoint retilubion ;ties In loyal f Slates igi f Paymeht o relos r - nd charitable' religious Pt during the war. =tBertate went into executive"session' adjitipthed at 3 o'clock. - ' • - : oiiS/ 1 4-On motion of Mr. Julian "(lad.) .rmaittee on Public Lands was. die _ed from further consideration of the Lion of the trastees - of" Indiana Agrical- College and the same was laid on the, : r • .. 3 "filka,-from the CoMmittas on Public s, reporteda bill to explain, and ' S A greet theright.of way to the 'Ham lba.lial:gompany through' the' Public (.1 of the 'Called States, which 'Wes Donnelly (Minn.), Irma, the .rsame, aittee, reported beck 'the Senate bill's an additional "glithrtirlands to the 9 -; , 4brrldirinesptki, in alternate „ sections. to 'the construction of railroads,' which' With arneadixterite;; t , ' granting section .of; W-the 4'Ort , Snellia - g4xdhtary'reseria..".. to the State et Minnesota, for the'estfila 4 At}~gt for an asyliim:fOrlhe relief of die- soTTttlieut and More eif.thikt - Siateitie ' "Peasedl" , ' thliHotute bill-to - amend the t of a i,pklB6.li'i4rantinglatids to Minnesota aid the coatruetion'of a railroad from .t(Latil to Lake Superior .= >A ˜ arose, 2 .1)111, Mr. Donnelly . explaining= the ot the bill 'to - he simply to permit • • _ _ e.of lcication. • • ; M rrill (Vt.) spoke of the vast gnarl,- ' • of public lands grauted,le:7Minnestota, ovedqo lei the bill otuthe table•which r I,4 l egtaititi,l-7yeaS 46; -rays' 72, and the Wires then passed:- 4 • • ref .the Committee on Elections mouielitekelectiort case from Missouri Boyd against Kelso—was called up, and e resolution declaring Mr. Kelso entitled zsdniti.his Beat was adopted. A. 'resolution was theh adopted to pay Mr. oyd $2,500 in full for time spent and ex.- • nses incurred by him in making the con :St. The morning -hour having expired, the f. owe proceeded to dispose of the business n the Speaker's table, as follows : Request of the Senate for a Committee of 1 nference on the act making a grant of ands to Kansas to aid in the construction of i:he• Northern Kansas railroad and tele qaph. Agreed to. - . The Senate amendments to the joint reso ; ton for the relief of Woodward & (ihor ,..ning, of Pennsylvania, was conctirred in. '• 6 Senate amendments to the House bill j ‘ •ntinue in force, and to amend the act to i a i blish the Freedmff6e n i Q n 's ( Bureau.. ! t fl i efiaLltle.in,.)th e amend d and a Com t Tee of Conference asked.. . ' Mr. - Pike (Me.) offered a resolution, which • . : adopted, directing . the Committee on .nnierce to inquire into the expediency roviding that 'in all eases of granting ...dean registers to foreigu-built vessels, he owners shall pay to the Government ortr 'per cent. ad valorem, being the average if ". duties under the existing tariff: - ~, Cobb (Wis.) introduced a bill to in . ...' ate the United States Fencing, Ditch- Draining and Land Cothpany. , Read ;,0 and referred to the Committee on the . I dot of Columbia. Ashley (Ohio), on behalf of: th e lisle 'from Dakota, introduced a bill to pro-' for the publication of the laws of Da- Territory. A - Read twice and referred to a Committee on Territories. • .0 Speaker appointed Messrs. Morrill, :on and the committee of con - •.ce on the tax,bill. The Speaker presented a message from • e President, transmitting a communica -1 - 43 n from the Secretary of the Navy, and a ipy of a report and imps prepared by the' .ard of Examiners appointed under the joint resolution of June 1, 1866, to examine a site for a fresh water basin for iron-clad vessels. Laid on the table and ordered to 1 7printed . 1. Also, a message from the President trans aitting reports from the heads of Executive ie : ... ents in answer to the House resoln -1.1 R •Of June 4th, as to whether civil or mill :: 'einployes of the Government hav6 les <ted in the rendition of public honors to the ','rebels, living or dead. Laid on the able- and ordered to be printed. .., ' , ' 'e House went into Committee of the - t__`= a on the state of the Union, Mr. Soho ._' , '4 , Pa.) in the chair, and proceeded to the - deratien qLtige tariff bill. !!. .-Morrill (Vt.) addressed the House in Planation and support of the bill. . Morrill said : : . CiEr.AinmAiw: At the late period of the Osioh,rand in this hot weather,' I know ,' e despatch of business will be hailed with 1 ore good will-than any discussion of great ' . ' , ciples of political economy, involving '.! 'tendon or free trade, or of the minute gills of a tariff bill, involving the present ridition of tradeand the nice adjustment duties on imports to oursystem of inter; al taiation, and I shall therefore,as a mat .r of taste as well as from the'impossibility f doing otherwise, from sheer - exhaustion, -spasm upon the patience of the committee o longer than may be -necessary to show . ,at some action is iniperativelysequired ..t our hands, and that the action proposed y the Committee on Ways and Means, eking into careful consideration the cir , instances of the country thecondition of ~nr. 'national finances and the currency, '•• ith ; which all commercial transactions ',. ust beconditcted,is reasonable and-proper. '• ThoclesOof the war exhibits a Northern • . ~-. by deathin the service not less than ,:',50,000 men, and an equal number, it may 'A computed, have been physically Inca aolt,ated for manual labor.. So that not less , an half a million of men, between twenty mt-thirty years of age, the athletes of the - world, have suddenly been withdrawn from the fields, workshops and mines of the old ii4e States of the Union: This lois repro , ~nts. in'the aggregate, the industrial and :. airforce- of not leas than 2 500;000 'of err; women and children; and the 200,000 old men, women - and children, though 1" : - Vois ' and' dependents of 'the 500,000 ,i tten:bibattle or of those who tastedthe er cup of rebel,prisons, or who failed of ;iplots restoration to health' and sound : of body,-, notwithstanding the sweet ivoriestendered under our own - flag, are ' precious legacies of the war-to be pro :- • d for, though consumers and no longer ucers of wealth, nor perhaps of even I. • inary means of subsistence.- - , 'n t_loss Of the South, "nominally i 44 R_ may_be practically equal,as their re '' A alive - power appears comparatively s' or, ruid --. .was more crippled by the re „, s track - ofwar. .. This, great subtrac ; .. the industrial forces of the country at ;',• at once repaired. Many ofthose • ,' ,A 1 forth to tlie ' war', though un • _steel; shot or Tshell.,, have found r ~ _of enterprise and labor as yet u n-11F:' tive :' but promising:- ILI the' end ....,, J . ~_ 7,iiii homes. _ A. wave: ~of popalation • , e 'southward - hardly 'perceptible which is likely totachibit itself in - ;me of. the next census... Some ac , • , from 'Europe: have Come, amount ,,: ,397 in 'the year .;1865; la* the -ar coivicriptions pow going on ~ id ' the perpetual allegiance de ' will most likely--arrest the tide of '1 which. otherwlie might Justly MEM ~ , . , • have beerilinlicipated from that quarter. The deduction to be, made from all those consideration is, that our present supply of labor is largely deficient, so largely that we cennatitrpretiont - cTonipeterwith --- the dense and 'crowded % population of the Eastern hemisphere, inhardly - anybialtal ofhrintan- inthistryl Mid yet it is more tin (Rant than. : l ever that everyman- should' find - work'., - I blip° labor in America will forever be far More highly reward - eirthaiililiewhere. It is so now, and that distinction is the glory of, our country, ofunr institutions, and : of Aineriesn policy. iiint just now labor, like everything else, is artificially ; - dear, High prices Must • ' be - Paid or our -laboring men will be degraded; high prices Must inast - be paid or the capital invested,in lands, mines arid manufactures must be wrecked and abandoned. Ent for the 'war, and had we' re` in rink normal' condition, un visited by universathixes and the disturb ing flood of an exclusively paper currency, ., 'our people would have oecupiecia more im- • p4egnable position„ as - against foreign corn petitini,lhan they - ever Oceupiedoin their , previous history:. -,,_ •-, ~ ‘ ' , . 1 Now we are vulnerable to the,attaclos of 1 anybody-from any quer* who ..has any- 1 tiring to sell. - Foreignartificers - of brass, of iron, and, even of clay, we cannot resist. They are able - to Undersell our - own. people. -., Our , present amOunt-of circulating 'cur rency 3ivast. 't3f legal tenders, so oalled,we have, 0 1=,468; ot. IlatiOlt4 ,banlt notes, -11 2,80 r:'i ,900; .of ontstandlog totoiol'tliceokt Stat e': beithi,-nottriclixdingthosevrwho ,- have -dens •-than five per cent. of their capital. $19,479;- 784 - of:Tractional -currency,-$27,058,70a 04, and of compound interest n0te5,559,926,0,10., `Amounting in all. to . $917,014 , 769 0 , 1., r 'ild, in n' t cite these figures . a relipitiellio - .linj- ' y, but's/ . a fickand a - tnoraitrorialact,, a tended by' evilii , •inomesin,g , r day by: day; a &the longer 'contra - aim; the trueremedf,P withheld , the more difficult wi ll be found • ili practicability. t_ :, • ' , , : 1 - • . , Atthetime rof the surrender. of Lee and Jiihrison altterins of settlerrient might easdly have been obtainedfrorn the Southern rebels, with ample guarantees for the futtire„aa they panted for nothing so much as deliveriince from 'the chain's andpenalties of treasen,and anything short of expatriation, would'have been promptly accepted:, That opportune moment passed aviali_never to 'return., So ;the transition from paper to Specie at that `time might perhaps" have- been :made with lees strain uperi the country, with less in convenience :to individuals,: than'. can now ever be brought about. , 'The people, were prepared for it.. , The goal in. point 'of. fact was almost:reached. Nobody was in 'debt and - nobody-was , distressed.,,.The nominal reduction L'of values . would have left all with relatively equal purchasable 'values; • but, unfortunately, this-policy did not pre- Naikand now trade stands in . serried ranks against any reduction of values, and Con gresiit itself grudgingly authorizes the retir ing -of only about four millions per month of our huge volume' of currency; the presence of which Stimulates sales and strangles pro duction. :'Our rionntry, from one of the one places to live in, is fast becoming one of the dearest. The' wages paid to labor are not too much, considering what these wages will pay for in bread and meat, in rent and clothes. No manufactures can be made, while this state of •things lasts, to he sent abroad, and unless war pestilence or famine , occurs among foreign nations, they will r want none of our corn or wheat, beef. or 1 pork, at anything like what it costs to pro f duce , it. Our gold, it lz true;, they eagerly despoil ns of. And why not?.lt is said to be demonetized; and at any rate, as money, it is :getting to be obsolete. Gold coin is itself depreciated in our markets , because it is -useless save as so , m u lch convenient and portable merchandise. If.used for the pay mdnt of an exiating contract, it is worth no more than an equal. amountof lJnited.States legal tendernotes.: _:" ---: 1 t - 1 . , OM Our whole monetary system bloated by more than a fourfold: - -addition to the cur rency in circulation. It is unnatural, and daily begets diseases of a new txpe, formid, able because unknown, as wellas those with Which we are already familiar and know to beelangerons. Having. to deal with such facts, and it being impossible to remove this incubus upon the labor of ,the country -at once, -our legislation : must ,recognize, the, 6ituntßin and trim our sails f r such breezes as may blow. Our imports of 'foreign goods this year _.are nearly double of what they Were last - year, and we pay for them by sending abroad gold and-silver and United States bonds at a little more than half their face values Another reason, and one of the most cogent for a revision of the tariff at this time, is the insufficient rates now levied upon foreign wools. This is a question which has vexed Con. gress for forty years. The evils endured by wool-growers somehow never disappeared, let the laws take ,what shape they may. The flocks of sheep in South America, in Australia, at the Cape and elsewhere have become so large, HO much improved by mixed breeds that they threaten to forcethe American wool-grower to abandon a chosen and most attractive pursuit. Formerly the wools obtained from Buenos Ayrea was coarse and full of burs, but by crossing with the Merino breeds, it has become entirely changed in character, and new wools, equal in grade to - the average American growth, can be bought in South America for fifteen cents per pomnd. It is not washed and burs still accompany it, but no American hus bandman, not even those who are located in proximity to unfenced prairies where the 'summer feed can be appropriated without jet or hinderance, can compete with such prices... They must, unlesa at once taken care of;succumb. , For the past four yeare„notwithstanding 'the universally high prices for wool, the - amormt received when reduced to a-gold , standard, shows that the .business of wool growing has not been:, remunerative, not affording one-half the profits of' any other . ;kind of farming, and many owners of sheep have been- preparing to quit the business for something more hopeftl. - Unless Con *rep shall do something to revive the, ,courage of these Men, .the stock- of - sheep . that will be offered for slaughter the coming . fall - will exceed anything the ' country has -heretofore witnessed. The, ;complaint is ;loud, •universal and real, not stimulated. Never since- I have ,had the honor to be a member of this House, have 80h&ge a num- ber of ;petitions , been received, or with so -, many respectable and genuine . signatures, upon any subject. -The-Committee of Ways • and • Means' have been- flooded 'with these docurrients, from the East to the farthest West. - : The tariff of 1857, against which I voted. allowed wool under eighteen cents to come i in free, and reduced the ad valorem tariff on • wools costing more than that. The tariff placed a -small ad,valorern duty on wool under eighteen cents, and a speciho duty on all wool above that rate; besides providing many provisions against fraud. Jthis' was considerably improved by, the tariff of 1864, but the *Slue of wool abroad being less flum represented, or believe(' to be, ' importers still gokcompeting - ,woolit through the cus tom house at rates never above six cents per pOund, anti: - sometimes at even less. Last fall and winter, the : wootgnowers, through I their various agricultural societies and 1 other Station and nationalorganizations, got together for the first time, and discussed the sulbject of wool-growing in its ,relation to rival foreign interests. The wool manufsc turers also met with them in joint conven tion: - Aftekinonthst of patient toil and criti cal examination, they presented' to'-is,"in April hest, the fruits of their joint labor,- so far as it relates to the dutlea 'on wool. -. . • The proposition T that relates to woolens came along wisiderably later. A mutual agreement was arrived at, and upona buts fair and equitable of parties -that never agreed before. I think their work does honor to those - who conceived and who hays so far atioNsafully mattired these several THE DAILY EVENING BIITIALE propositions!. These propose a uch higher rates upon wool betiatise of thenerfectiori of the alissifidation; which is sd framedas to catch all woola'that can by any possibility - coinfgerVithAmericai wool. There is no lodp-hole through which any wool cam es - capelbedtitY intended: It is Axed andoer• - tain. The custom-house - officer,`though a fool :cannot, err therein. I know the wool growers' will be satisfied with their, own prbposition, as they should be, - for it athounts to more 'on mestize wool than would a duty, of seventy-five per centum ad valorem; and .I hope we shall not attempt to offer anything less or ,•iti other shape, ter whatever•isnot in the form. otspecifioduty would be in most cases valueless. The greatest . protection the American w'fnl 7 ,grower coulol have would be the dis • closure Of 'the -fact at '"every sale of woolen clothe, whether the - Same. - were made'of. American %fool - or . not, as cloths made of sound American wooed - are really worth; for hard • service, for ' hard•wear. and-tear, far mine - than thoae- made of the.. tender -and brittle foreign . woebt. t -,. The. duties upon , wOolena, it will be seen; are very. carefully adjusted, so as to cover the dutierwhich the mantifactnrers pay first on .wool - and dyer ittiffii. ' The internal taxes* on their sales` 1 arid in addition twenty-Ilya per centum ad' valorem,"the compound duties in. the 'bill,: though following the principle first adopted hn tbefitriff bflBBl, may not be understood at a &ince, Ent when. carefully atudied, they will be`found to lave the extent I hive indicated; and nemore. 4 If this bill become a laW l arrltituit it:-will, the.liOlpa.naau n .: . lecturer will not find his condition any bet ter;then.'no*. • Fateillti'itOodSt l' s fear;irtil 'cthwdricourmstriain nearly the same ittipce t sung procession they havedons hereto fdre, or at Alie.:rate . .tl, Over ti , tottlion of 41; lira for every day in the year. .. - !Lestiestr; 1865; oar imports anifountedicr 034,756,417; but this year 'they will reach' not leas than 001,411,513. This is 'a drain that we etein`no - conditiod to bear. Every spare dOll - ar in 'the 'countryis`-needed to fund our rapidly maturinguational obliga tions. For the past year we have received ' from • California but a ' little over $29,000,000, and yet our exporta of gold and silver 'at - 'New York alone, from May 12th to June, 16th, amounted to 06,515,402. When can we resume specie payments, if this stream of merchandise in-* ward'and BOW of gold outward is allowed to, 'continue! - Clearly it is the duty of the Gov ernment to moderate ' if ,it cannot control, the reckless course of trade before bank ruptcy ensues, and the business of the coun try receives a check from which it may take years to recover. - I do not think it necessary to go into the details of many branches of business.. There is not a member of this House who does not know and feel thatthere is urgent need'of legislation upon the tariff. To ad jonici without suchleg.islition would be a calamity ,and a blunder. Take • the iron trade. It is true they made inoney during the war; but they are not doing it now. They are paying laborers for making a ton of iron nearly as much as a ton would cast abroad. There are some little items in the tariff • bill which hardlyerrest the eye, which give employment to thousands, and there fore require considerate treatment at our hand& Among these permit me to cite one or two examples. Eyelets, made of brass, and then tinned as an article of commerce Co far as to attract attention, have but re cently been introduced. They will be no ticed in shoes and boots, and though invisi ble in other articles for ladies' wear, they are still there. - I find that of these Small and very cheap articles, costing no more than seventeen or eighteen cents per thousand, the amount we consume aruses,to the , respectable sum annually of four millions of dollars. Hoop Skirts is another article'of extensive use for Which me _are supposed te . be indebted to the genius of Eugenba who, furling to.rule the Emperor of the French, has _great' an: dacityin French fashions. • In New York city alone 25,000 persons End employment ln all the branches of the hoop-skirt manu facture. It *mild be possible to mention many other articles, apparently "trifles as light's's mir," *inch furnish the means of ouPPott to a large number of Industrious and thrifty families. The articles added to the free list in the bill are few in 'number,and of inoonsider able importance. Such articles as 'form the base or raw material of other manufactu rers, and of which there is no domestic supply, scientific theorists as well as prac tical legislatures agree should be charged with little or no duty. When any country has superior natural advantages for the pro duction of a' specific article it may be use less and a waste of capital for ceers to attempt rivalry in the same direction. We have nothing that will compete with thA white el iff stone of England, for chalk and whiting, and. as it enters into other manu factures to a considerable extent, and gives business to our homeward-bound vessels, it deserves to be free. We produce rook 1 oil or petroleum, and while it bubbles up and spontaneously runs away from its foun tains, to be had only for the catching, it will be difficult to find any article in other mar kets to supplant "the poor man's light," as my friend, Mr. Schofield, from Pennsyl. vania, aptly calls it; and so long as we have a surplus to-spare willfind purehasers. Salt, when it is made from. springs, de pends mainly for its cheapness upon the amount of saline matter contained in the '.water. The relative value of salt springs in Virginia ? Michigan, New York and Ohio differs wideisP. In somenif these States the business now continues, but without a higher dutylinast of 'them must wind up. If, in any of these States, mines could be found where salt could be taken out in pure crystals, the saline springs would have to bliabaritioneti., ;As t itls, we cannotafford to be dependent upon other nations for so in dispensable an article ,in peace and war as ;salt.' • Evenlf item •be obtained elsewhere nominally at a less price, our'ciwn establish : ments . MUM be,. preserved, encouraged to :the fullitmount - of their''capacity; and even ;then, Onerhalf of all •we cansume will be brought from abroad. We cannot afford to ,make it free, nor yet can' we` afford to tax it so heavily . aitOrnake it' a luxury or any ' thing kit what itist-an ' article for human nature's daily, nee. . ' The discOvery of an enormous deposit of chloride of potassum in a bed of rock salt in Genniny, map prove tube the chief source from which commerce will, draw its future suPplies. Manifestly, the;makerrof ordi, nary potash _ salts, who., cuts down timber and burnsit to ashea for this sole purpose, cannot compete with an article already made. and which only needs to be taken from the mine purified. This is an ad vantage of which Germany cannot be de prived. 1 . 113 Indianiwho stole his brooms already made, could always undersell the Indian who only stole his timber. England, with untold wealth in minerals, coal, clay and cheap salt, eclipses, in many produc tions, all the nations of the earth. Soda ash is one of these productions enter- 1 ing largely into Other manufactures of various descriptions." The cost of soap, glass and of many textile fabric's,' depends much upon the price of soda ash. At Pittsburgh, Pe., they - have salt and cheap coaj, and have from time .th tithe striven to establish the manufacture of aodiash, but thus far without marked suceesis, and if the maiitifaisturecannot succeed at _thlapoint, it will hardly do better elsewhere. Under these cliesuinststrices, but Jibr, the glimin-eir ing hope that an article of such extensive nee may yet be established, it might have been well to Place it upon the'free list, We have leftit where it is, to pay a duty of a half-cent per,pound. The supply of ivory cannot be increased, and is sit PPoged te be annually diminishing. It takes 20,000 elephants, it is said,to furnish the annual supply . of a single manufacturing toW[Sheffield] in En hold. Oar wants are large ; and Unmeaning. /t isVropogied, there.; . ~ . . IN : vBILAUELPHIA, FRIDAY, JUNE 29.. 1866 'fore, to remove th e small duty now imposed' upon this useful as well as beautiful article; and 'as the gigantic game from which ivory is obtained is hunted by persons, without regard to race or oolor,lpresurne no one will object. One of the main reasons for a new tariff bill now is that the termination of the re ciprocity treaty , leaves the ditties upon agri cultural productions and upon lumber, fish andcoal, at such rates as were imposed at times when it made no difference what those rates were, as, all such articles came in from the provinces practically free, and of course our,; tariff laws in this respect now call for revision. _ The wisdom of terminating the treaty alluded to is already apparent, There are none of its provisions that we cannot - Surrender, with out :a pang. _ : Some of the pretentious claims concerning, the fisheries—as. for instance, the right- of excluding -our fishermen from the shore within three Miles, and from bays draliing the line from headland to headland - might annoYing, but even if admitted on our Part; as they are not likely to be by any modern Secretary of State, such claims, were they' to be strictly enforced, would be of little damaire:tous and of no profit what eder 'to the ' l'PrOvinces. There is no' more reason' for - tiro:aging grain,- flour, cattle, horses wood and 'butter t end cheese' parted from 'British Provinoestro m revenue duties thin - there would be in the case of the importation. -of F similar articles from Great Britain: In Peace the mother country arid her Colonies are all our friends; in war they are n o t less our enemies. atia drie,hcksiever,to the present British milifiriter;Bir Frederick' Bruce, to' say that he Manifested a high toneand spirit of firm nese tetichingthe' remaining ` questions as to the`fisheries, and that hirsieeks their so *lthout 'Making such exactions"as would be'`likel,yto lirochice" " national , con. , Through the courtesy of the Seem.: tary'of State ;I hada learned that the British minister has information that the Canaditsi NeW Brunswick and'Nova Sdotia willissue leentes to fishermen, other than British sub jects;upon the payment of fifty cents, • per ton'on the tonnage of vessels engaged therein and that a license will secure the right tO fish 'within three. mules' of the shore, and also to land for the purpose of curing fish and obtaining supplies. More `than this, , ,a license' from one province is to &infer the right to fish in all the Provinces which unite,inthe system , of giving licenses. Without " this, Zollverein principle Ameri cans would find the license of no value, and would not avail themselvea of . , it. the 'end all • the Provinces may unite in such leglislation, or if they do not, the Confede rated Provinces; and that scheme appears likely to be speedily adopted, more speedily perhaps in consequence of the recent Celtic irruption, will undoubtedly adopt the prin ciple. Mr. Chairman, I will now send to the clerk's desk, to b read for the information of the committee, a letter from the Secre ary of State upon this question, and also o .e from the British Miniator,Sir Frederick Bruce: . , DEPARTMENT . O F STATE, WASHINGTON, June 25, IB66.—The Hon. Justin AS'. Morrill, Chairman of the annmillea of Ways and Means, House of Representatives--13ra : have the honor to inclose for the informa tion of the committee over which you pre side, a copy of a note of the 24th inst., ad dressed to me by the Hon. Sir Frederick W. A. Bruce, the British Minister, relative to the course determined upon by the Go vernments of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Canada, in regard 'to licenses to fisher men of the United States. By a note of the 31iitof May last, Sir Frederick Brace in formed me that P. Forbin, Esq., the magis trate commanding the Government ves sel La Canadienne, employed in protecting hid fisheries of Canada, has been authorized to issue fishery licenses, on the payment of the sum of fifty cents per ton of measure ment of the vessels proposed to be used in fishing. That those licenses would re main in force during this season, and would confer upon the holders of them, as far as the Canadian fisheries are concerned, all the rights enjoyed by the fishermen of the United States under the reciprocity treaty. An oftlelahnetafleation embodying this informahon was made public upon its receipt, and the same coarse ~will now be pursued in regard to that contained in the inclosed. , I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, Wu. H SzwAitn. WASHING'rON, June 24, 1866.—Sir: I have the hosOr to state, that I am informed by his Excellency the Governor General of Canada, that the' governments of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have agreed that the pos. session' of a license, issued by Canada, to fish, shall entitle the holder, during the season of 1866, to fish in the waters of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, as well as in those of Canada. The holder of a license from the governments of Nova Scotia or New Brunswick, if any shall be issued, being entitled to fish also in the Canadian waters. I shall feel most obliged if yon_will commuhicate this information to the chair man of the Committee on Ways and Means. I have the; honor to be, with the highest consideration, sir, your most obedient humble servant. 1 FREDERICK W. A. BRUCE. The Hon. WILLIAM R. SEWARD. Mr. Chdirman, it may be proper for me to j ,add that I have just received a note from Sir F. Bruce, saying that another of the pro vinces has enacted laws in relation to licenses similar to those of Canada, cir.c. It is also due to myself to say, that in a con versation with the British Minister, .I in formed 'him that I thought our fishermen would be reluctant to take out licenses for the right to fish in British waters, but that they probably would be willing to pay a license for going on shore to cure fish. , The greater'cost of fitting out our vessels, and the taxation to which they are subjected, enables provincial fishermen, who have no long voyages to make to reach the most de sirable fishing grounds, to bring fish to our 'markets at cheaper rates than our own peo ple. In addition to this, our fishermen will Inow, when they enjoy the privileges of the shore fisheries, only needed for catching mackerel late in the season, have to pay a ;license of from fifty dollars to one hundred 'dollars for each vessel, according to its We. Under these circumstances, justice re quires the imposition of reasonable duties upon foreign caught fish. As we are now, `however, met in a generous spirit, I hope Congress will suitably respond, and place only moderate dutiee sufficient to cover the items already indicated upon mackerel and loodfisli. Mackerel may perhaps need to be placed even lower that it will be found in the bill. In the cod fisheries it is no longer necessary to . go within three miles of the 'shores, and such duties can be placed on the product as may seem judicious; but it - being an article of foo4 consumed largely - by those who can ill afford butchers' meat at. twenty-five and thirty cents per pound. a moderate duty seems appropriate. Oar trade with the maritime Provinces is one more deserving our fostering care then that of the . other Provinces. The people are very friendly, and they have such articles as we require in large' quantities, such ati coal and plaster, for. which they take'of us flour and and other articles in nearly.equal quantities. •It is a reciprocal trade that is profitable to all parties, and ought to find some favor in our legislation. And here let me remark, that for eleven years we have drawn moderate supplies of bituminous coal from Nova Scotia. .Enter prising. Americans have embarked their i d capital there, and opened'mines to su ppl y the wants of the gas companies in a w • Northern cities on the bleak, ice-bo Atlantic coast. Some of our mills and 1 e iron foundries have- been started with the expectation of a continued' supply of coal of this character from this quarter. Even if this is granted the coal so used will boat the OnaWntirks ten er twelve dolltun "per ton, while that used by our; rethren in Penn sy ivania and Maryland, for identically the tame purposes, will only cost ;three : . or four diallers. MoSt of the pig-iron Hsi d in Coonecticue, Massachusetts ; and Berate Island comes from Pennsylvania Iv ' wto be insisted upon that no: coal ,;‘, used in those regions biitthet whiCh gged over a thousand miles of . rail-' raid! Is this necessary to the prosperity 'of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad—a road' that, as I have heard, is earning fatter divi denclathan almost any in tho land 2, Ihave no feeling on this question, and I am'not aware that my constituents have any into; rest in it; but, to use the words which my excellent friend from Chicago emphasizes with so much unction, I desire to, see "fair play." The Committee of Ways and Means have shaped the bill so tbat all cannel coal, heap lig the highest price of any or all other bi tuminous coal imported from any place thirty degrees east of Washington, and all anthracite, if there be any that be imported, shall pay one dollar and a half per ton, :and only propose that the common bituminous coal, such 'as we_have had, free for eleven years from Fitton, shall pay fifty cents. Mr. Chairman, we leave it. to the good sense of the Committee to say whether this is not eminently Sint and fair. Even. the gentleman front, the Pittsburgh districtboa cedes that Ms right and proper, and where ha leads on this subject I feel sure no Penn: sylvanian need fear to follow. The present bills not likely' to Knit everybody, and regard it 'as only a temporary measure, fit to be .introduced .hecatuie of the imperioaa neceisities of our present condition; Many will think it inadequate to- • the. exigenoles. of the- muntry and' that much. Mine 'ought to have been conceded to ,olri Am perilled induistries: The - statements Made by_ihe gentlemen of the revenue commis sion, who have long, studied the subject, .13X Well as by those whose spepial interestk are touched in almost every instance, would' have justified the Committee of Ways and Means ':in proposing higher rates 'than will i be found n the bill, but the Conimittee have scrutinized every ease, and consented to no higher rates, with only here and there a possible eirception, than will, as they are forced to believe, place the Americanlabor er, producer or manufacturer upon a level of fair competition with foreign capital and fforeign labor. During the prevalence of war prices, and the excessive pre mium of 280 upon gold, ' while we were accustomed to contemplate money in• fabulous sums, something of extravagance prevailed everywhe, but now, upon the return of peace, we ought to begin to prac tice the stern duties of economy; be content with moderate gains and make some approach to our former rule of estimates. when an advance of even five per centum in the scale duties waaweighed with as much. scrupulonaness as gold dust in the balance; but unless we are will ing to count the usual sequence of war, we must now adopt measures that will shield our, people from general financial ruin. We are at the mercy of those who. have had no unusual war taxes; no boun ties to pay to brave volunteers, and we must hape a little breathing time to recu perate, or we may sink, under the load. Although triumphant at all points in the great struggle of freedom against slavery, our, great revenue from internal taxes -4a wholly dependent upon the fact, wherever we can keep our own fields, factories and work-shops fully manned 'and constantly employed, the tax they pay is a percentage on the inflated current value in our markets, and five per cent. here is nearly equal to ten per cent., on any foreign in voice, especially as we know that many in voices, by the adroitness of trade, arelargely undervalued. 'Our taxes, which are not direct,also imperceptibly press hardly upon all who are engaged in anykind of business. Raw materials are largely increased in cost. Stamp taxes insiduously entrap every busi ness transaction, so that after we have le vied extraordinary duties,we shall-11nd that importations will by no means cease. 'Al though our present tariff in ordinary times would be likely to be denounced' as prohi bitive,-yet we find it practically productive beyond all precedent—yielding nearly one hundred millions more in solid gold than was ever before realized. While the pre sent bill is Indispensable to preserve the aggregate of our internal revenue, it* will not be likely to diminish, even if it does not increase, the revenue from imports. It will keep our people at work. Urn in favor of taking yaUper care of. American industry as against foreign com petition, now and at all times, whether itbe that engaged in the production of flour or wool, brogans or ships, or whether it be' the tiny - artificial flower that embellishes the lady's bonnet, or the ponderous engine that moves the floating palace-in spite of wind or weather from ocean to ocean. Let the time be far distant when an Americancitizen will be forced to work for the wages 'of those whose toil furnishes no homesteads, no school-houses, and finally not even tomb stones for the graves of themselves or their children. But rather than jeopardize a sound public policy; rather than excite the odium which. extravagance is always likely to.excite, I should counsel temporary inconvenience and the lowest rate of du ties under which it is possible for our va rious branches of manufactures not to pros per, but to live, hoping that a better time is coming, when labor will be more abundant, taxation less onerous, and when our paper money shall be good for its entire faca. value. God this the day, Mr. Chairman. I will not at h' time consume any time of the House, but will, in the' progress of the. bill, have something more to say in relation to its detaila. c_ Mr, Morrill closed byindicating an inten tion to move to close general debate. Mr. Stevens expressed the hope that after the speech made by the gentleman from Vermont, some latitude of disoussionwould be allowed. He looked upon this bill as a free-trade bill from beginning to end. [Laughter]. He thought it anything but protective, and as gold, came down it would be leas so. Scrap iron, for instant*, was to be taxed half as much as pig iron, when it was worth fain times as much.". He admit ted that' it was perfectly suited to the East ern market, and.that this- was an excellent tariff for, the :gentleman there; but turn to the people of his district.. He could not say anything about the question of coal till he found what his _mileage:. [Mr. I.loorhead] had.to say on that subject, as he was on the Committee of Ways and Means, and as sented to this bill. Mr. Moorhead admitted:that he did assent to the bill, and that the duty of one dollar and twenty-five cents on bituminous coal from abroad, and offifty cents on coal from Nova Scotia was a compromise. He " could not see what right - his constituents had to say to the manuf'acturers of New England, Vlio mined, their coal in' Nova Scotia for consumption in their own factories, that they should' not do so. He thought there - should be a discrimination drawn between coal from Europe and' coal 'from ' the colo nies. His object in' that was protect the manufacturers of this country and the labor of this country against the, manufaotuxers and labor of the Old World. Mr. Kelly said that he found much in the bill to approve. Considering the- arduous labors imposed upon the' Committee of Ways and Means, and the limited time it had to prepare a tariff bill, hewondered that it could have presented as perfect. a bill. There,were, however, a few things in the bah giving evidences of haste and want of due consideration. This bill proposed a duty of one dollar' and fifty cents on anthracite. coal, and he did not wish the legislation of the country to proclaim to the savans of the world that It did not know that the United States piniessed all the anthra cite coal in the world. That outside of four hundred and seventy square miles of our . /MA territory=Anthracite Vol wan zu;st found. • Mr. Morrill replied that he was not aware oil the fact, at :least: eo,far as the gentle man's testimony was concerned, for he had ' heard' him make thee samesame statement;ten or Mu-en times. Mr. Kelly declared that while , the Com mittee of Ways and Means insisted on denying the fact he would continue to assert it. If the committee knew there was no anthracite coal in the world but our own, why was one dollar and fifty cents per ton proposed for it? That which was attempted' to; be called anthracite coal-. in Wales was a species of igneous slate, not capable of use • for - any purpose. to-which anthracite coal was applied. He wanted that ward "an thracite" struck out; The anthracite <coat interest was the coal interest of Pennsylvar: nia-i but on this'question bespoke, for those, also-who were voiceless in Congress—fort!- people of Virginia and North. Carolina. - 'lnstead of New-England-manufacturers' Making intestinents in Nova Scotia coal mines, they'should aid in developing the rich coal fields of Deep river, North Car olina, and James river,Virginia. He, ridi culed that provision o the bill making dis crimination between the bituminous - coal of England and • that of Canada, showing that while dieeriminations .are not novel; they lave always been.carried oat on the principle of placing the lighter duty on the' article brought from the greater distance,. and the heavierdnty on the article brought fromthe -nee..-er home. The development of the coal interest in Virginia would.savis thisoeuntry . from a liability to Frenoli in tirvention'on the principle of the invisloir - . - of -Mexico, for, itwmild recollected : thet, na March, 1864 the Vhginiw . Legislature granted to a _French company tLe' Jninas• river and Kanawha canal. andthe.premint t Owlets Legbilature 'of - Virghda was now ,endeavoring to execute that ()entreat. • Pllte inquired - whether - the loyal Le gislature of Western Virginia wan not doing the same? Mr. Kelley replied. - that he did not know, but be wanted a tiodyof New Englancicapi t al, energy and patriotilim rinvolved In - .the coal trade of Virginia, so that Louis Napo- a. leon should not have outhern rebels to deal with, but Northern patriotism. Mr. Hubbard (W. Va.) explained that their legislation between West Virginia and 01c1 Virginia, in reference. to the James river and Kanawha canal was , not as to a French company, but as to a New York' cotrpany. . It was the desire and interest of both those States that That canal should be opened, so as to give access for coal and iron to the sea. West Virginia had a direct interest in this coal. question. They did not desire to pro hibit the Pictou coal from being admitted into the New England States, but they did' desire that that coal should 'hay the revenue that it coulcrpay. General debate was closed, and the House proceeded to consider the bill for amend ment. - Mr. Grinnell moved to increase the duty. on woolen raga, shoddy, mungo, waste and flocks, from 12 to 25 cents per pound. A discussion arose on the amendment, Messrs. Grinnell, Cook and Lawrence {Ohio) supporting it, and Messrs. Kelley, Kasson and Morrill opposing it. The amendment was rejected. Mr. Dawes moved to amend by reducing the dni3; , on flocks to 6 cents per pound. Re , jected4 The bill, as far as the Moarnittee pro gressed to-day, makes the following provi sions:. That from and after the passage of this act, in lieu of the duties now imposed by law on the articles mentioned and embraced in this section. there shall be levied, col lected and paid on all unmanufactured wool, hair of the alpaca goat and other like animals, imported from foreign countries, the duties liereinafter mentioned. All wools, hair of the alpaca goat and other like • animals, as aforesaid, shall be divided, for the purpose of fixing the duties - to be charged thereon, into three chisses—to wit: Class Ist, clothing wools—that is to say, merino mestiza, mete or metis wools, or other wools of merino blood, immediate or remote, down-cloth ing wools and Wools of like character, with any of the preceding, including such as have been heretofore usually imported into the United States from Buenos Ayres, New Zealand, Australia,Cape of Good Hope,Russia, Great Britain, Canada, and else where, and also including all wools not hereinafter described or deiiignated in classes two and three. Class 2. Combing wools, diet is to say, Leidester, Cottswold, LinPolushire, down-combing wools, Canada long wools, or ether like combing wools of• English bloods, and usually known by the terma herein used, and also all hair of the al paca goat and other animals. Class 3, ;Carpet wools and other similar wools, such es Don skoi, native South American, Cordova, Val paraiso, native Smyrna, and including all such wools of like character as have been heretofore usually imported into the United States from Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Syria and elsewhere. For the purpose of carry ing into effect the classification herein pro vided, a sufficient number of distinctive samples ofthe various kinds of wool or hair embraced in each of the three classes above named, selected and prepared under the di rection of the Secretary of the Treasury, and duly verified by him, the standard samples being retained in the Treasury Department, shall be deposited in the cus tom-houseend elsewhere, as he may direct, which samples shall be used by the proper officers of the customs to determine the classes above specified, to which all ini- ported wools belong; and upon wools earths first class, the values whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall be thirty-two cents or less per pound, and in addition thereto, ten per tenturn ad Ne lorem; upon wool? of the same ohms, the value whereof at the last port or paws whence exported to the United States, in eluding charges in such port, shall eXCeOd thirty-two cents per pound, the duty eh : be twelve cents per pound, and in add . _ thereto ten per oentum ad valorem;• n wools of the second clam, end . upon all hair of the alpaca goat and other like animal; the value whereof at the last port or place wbence exported to the United Stateseer eluding charges instich port shall be thirty two cents or less per pound, the duty shall be ten cents per pound, and in addition thereto ten per centum ad 'valorem; upon wools of the same class, the vein' whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, excluding charges in such port shall exceed thirty-two cents per pound, the duty shall be twelve cents per pound, and, in addition thereto, ten per centum ad valorem: npon wools of the third class the value whereof, at the last port or place whence - exported into the United States, excluding charges in such tort, shall be twelve cents or less per nound, the duty shall be three cents per pound; upon wools of the same class, the value whereof at the lad place when exported to the United States, excluding charges in such _port, shall exceed twelve cents per pound f the duty shall be sir cents per pound; Provided, That any wool of the sheep or hair of the Alpaca goat and other like animals which shall be imported in other than the ordinaryiiondi tion, as now and beiretofore prattlied, o which shall be changed in its ' character . . condition fOr the 'purpose of evading; th duty; or which shall be reduced in vame b the admixture of dirt or any other forst aubstance, shall , be subject to pay twice th amount of duty to - which' it would' othe wise be subjected, anything in 'this act the contrary notwithstanding: Provide • further, plat when wool, of .differen qualities is imported in the.- Ram. bale, bag or package, it shall be a . praised by the appraiser, to determine th rate.of duty to which it shall be subjeo at the average aggregate value of the co tents ofthe bale, bag or packagN and wh. 'Continued on the Third Fage4
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