• 9P TESTERDAVIN PBOOKISEDINGLI
•
ATM—Pen din g the m oonsideration of
nAiegt theta= bill was returned from
den moied that the Senate in
!II its amendments and agree to the
conference called for by the
. ,
APOttort was agreed to, and the Chair
P,essenden; . Van Witarie
!lothkkt.on the part of. the - Senate;
rveregyell introduced ajoint retilubion
;ties In loyal f
Slates igi f Paymeht o relos r
- nd charitable'
religious
Pt during the war.
=tBertate went into executive"session'
adjitipthed at 3 o'clock. - ' • -
: oiiS/ 1 4-On motion of Mr. Julian "(lad.)
.rmaittee on Public Lands was. die
_ed from further consideration of the
Lion of the trastees - of" Indiana Agrical-
College and the same was laid on the,
: r • .. 3 "filka,-from the CoMmittas on Public
s, reporteda bill to explain, and
' S A greet theright.of way to the 'Ham
lba.lial:gompany through' the' Public
(.1 of the 'Called States, which 'Wes
Donnelly (Minn.), Irma, the .rsame,
aittee, reported beck 'the Senate bill's
an additional "glithrtirlands to the
9 -; , 4brrldirinesptki, in alternate „ sections. to
'the construction of railroads,' which'
With arneadixterite;; t ,
' granting section .of;
W-the 4'Ort , Snellia - g4xdhtary'reseria.."..
to the State et Minnesota, for the'estfila 4
At}~gt for an asyliim:fOrlhe relief of die-
soTTttlieut and More eif.thikt - Siateitie
' "Peasedl" ,
' thliHotute bill-to - amend the t of
a i,pklB6.li'i4rantinglatids to Minnesota
aid the coatruetion'of a railroad from
.t(Latil to Lake Superior .= >A ˜ arose,
2 .1)111, Mr. Donnelly . explaining= the
ot the bill 'to - he simply to permit
•
• _ _
e.of lcication. • •
; M rrill (Vt.) spoke of the vast gnarl,-
' • of public lands grauted,le:7Minnestota,
ovedqo lei the bill otuthe table•which
r I,4 l egtaititi,l-7yeaS 46; -rays' 72, and the
Wires then passed:- 4 • •
ref .the Committee on Elections
mouielitekelectiort case from Missouri
Boyd against Kelso—was called up, and
e resolution declaring Mr. Kelso entitled
zsdniti.his Beat was adopted.
A. 'resolution was theh adopted to pay Mr.
oyd $2,500 in full for time spent and ex.-
• nses incurred by him in making the con
:St.
The morning -hour having expired, the
f. owe proceeded to dispose of the business
n the Speaker's table, as follows :
Request of the Senate for a Committee of
1 nference on the act making a grant of
ands to Kansas to aid in the construction of
i:he• Northern Kansas railroad and tele
qaph. Agreed to. - .
The Senate amendments to the joint reso
; ton for the relief of Woodward & (ihor
,..ning, of Pennsylvania, was conctirred in.
'• 6 Senate amendments to the House bill
j ‘ •ntinue in force, and to amend the act to
i
a i blish the Freedmff6e n i Q n 's ( Bureau..
! t fl i efiaLltle.in,.)th
e amend
d
and a Com
t Tee of Conference asked.. . '
Mr. - Pike (Me.) offered a resolution, which
• . : adopted, directing . the Committee on
.nnierce to inquire into the expediency
roviding that 'in all eases of granting
...dean registers to foreigu-built vessels,
he owners shall pay to the Government
ortr 'per cent. ad valorem, being the average
if ". duties under the existing tariff: -
~, Cobb (Wis.) introduced a bill to in
. ...' ate the United States Fencing, Ditch-
Draining and Land Cothpany. , Read
;,0 and referred to the Committee on the
. I dot of Columbia.
Ashley (Ohio), on behalf of: th e lisle
'from Dakota, introduced a bill to pro-'
for the publication of the laws of Da-
Territory. A - Read twice and referred to
a Committee on Territories.
• .0 Speaker appointed Messrs. Morrill,
:on and the committee of con
- •.ce on the tax,bill.
The Speaker presented a message from
• e President, transmitting a communica
-1 - 43 n from the Secretary of the Navy, and a
ipy of a report and imps prepared by the'
.ard of Examiners appointed under the
joint resolution of June 1, 1866, to examine
a site for a fresh water basin for iron-clad
vessels. Laid on the table and ordered to
1 7printed
.
1. Also, a message from the President trans
aitting reports from the heads of Executive
ie : ... ents in answer to the House resoln
-1.1 R •Of June 4th, as to whether civil or mill
:: 'einployes of the Government hav6
les <ted in the rendition of public honors to
the ','rebels, living or dead. Laid on the
able- and ordered to be printed.
.., ' , ' 'e House went into Committee of the
- t__`= a on the state of the Union, Mr. Soho
._' , '4 , Pa.) in the chair, and proceeded to the
- deratien qLtige tariff bill.
!!. .-Morrill (Vt.) addressed the House in
Planation and support of the bill.
. Morrill said :
: . CiEr.AinmAiw: At the late period of the
Osioh,rand in this hot weather,' I know
,' e despatch of business will be hailed with
1 ore good will-than any discussion of great
' . ' , ciples of political economy, involving
'.! 'tendon or free trade, or of the minute
gills of a tariff bill, involving the present
ridition of tradeand the nice adjustment
duties on imports to oursystem of inter;
al taiation, and I shall therefore,as a mat
.r of taste as well as from the'impossibility
f doing otherwise, from sheer - exhaustion,
-spasm upon the patience of the committee
o longer than may be -necessary to show
. ,at some action is iniperativelysequired
..t our hands, and that the action proposed
y the Committee on Ways and Means,
eking into careful consideration the cir
, instances of the country thecondition of
~nr. 'national finances and the currency,
'•• ith ; which all commercial transactions
',. ust beconditcted,is reasonable and-proper.
'• ThoclesOof the war exhibits a Northern
• . ~-. by deathin the service not less than
,:',50,000 men, and an equal number, it may
'A computed, have been physically Inca
aolt,ated for manual labor.. So that not less
, an half a million of men, between twenty
mt-thirty years of age, the athletes of the
- world, have suddenly been withdrawn from
the fields, workshops and mines of the old
ii4e States of the Union: This lois repro
, ~nts. in'the aggregate, the industrial and
:. airforce- of not leas than 2 500;000 'of
err; women and children; and the 200,000
old men, women - and children, though
1" : - Vois ' and' dependents of 'the 500,000
,i tten:bibattle or of those who tastedthe
er cup of rebel,prisons, or who failed of
;iplots restoration to health' and sound
: of body,-, notwithstanding the sweet
ivoriestendered under our own - flag, are
' precious legacies of the war-to be pro
:- • d for, though consumers and no longer
ucers of wealth, nor perhaps of even
I. • inary means of subsistence.- -
, 'n t_loss Of the South, "nominally
i 44
R_ may_be practically equal,as their re
'' A alive - power appears comparatively
s' or, ruid --. .was more crippled by the re
„, s track - ofwar. .. This, great subtrac
; .. the industrial forces of the country
at ;',• at once repaired. Many ofthose
• ,' ,A 1 forth to tlie ' war', though un
• _steel; shot or Tshell.,, have found
r ~ _of enterprise and labor as yet u
n-11F:' tive :' but promising:- ILI the' end
....,, J . ~_
7,iiii homes. _ A. wave: ~of popalation
• , e 'southward - hardly 'perceptible
which is likely totachibit itself in
- ;me of. the next census... Some ac
, • , from 'Europe: have Come, amount
,,: ,397 in 'the year .;1865; la* the
-ar coivicriptions pow going on
~ id ' the perpetual allegiance de
' will most likely--arrest the tide of
'1 which. otherwlie might Justly
MEM
~ , . , •
have beerilinlicipated from that quarter.
The deduction to be, made from all those
consideration is, that our present supply of
labor is largely deficient, so largely that we
cennatitrpretiont - cTonipeterwith --- the dense
and 'crowded % population of the Eastern
hemisphere, inhardly - anybialtal ofhrintan-
inthistryl Mid yet it is more tin (Rant than. : l
ever that everyman- should' find - work'., - I
blip° labor in America will forever be far
More highly reward - eirthaiililiewhere. It
is so now, and that distinction is the glory
of, our country, ofunr institutions, and : of
Aineriesn policy. iiint just now labor, like
everything else, is artificially ; - dear, High
prices Must • ' be - Paid or our -laboring men
will be degraded; high prices Must inast - be
paid or the capital invested,in lands, mines
arid manufactures must be wrecked and
abandoned. Ent for the 'war, and had we'
re` in rink normal' condition, un
visited by universathixes and the disturb
ing flood of an exclusively paper currency, .,
'our people would have oecupiecia more im-
• p4egnable position„ as - against foreign corn
petitini,lhan they - ever Oceupiedoin their ,
previous history:. -,,_ •-,
~ ‘ ' , . 1
Now we are vulnerable to the,attaclos of 1
anybody-from any quer* who ..has any- 1
tiring to sell. - Foreignartificers - of brass, of
iron, and, even of clay, we cannot resist.
They are able - to Undersell our - own. people. -.,
Our , present amOunt-of circulating 'cur rency
3ivast. 't3f legal tenders, so oalled,we have,
0 1=,468; ot. IlatiOlt4 ,banlt notes, -11 2,80 r:'i
,900; .of ontstandlog totoiol'tliceokt Stat e':
beithi,-nottriclixdingthosevrwho ,- have -dens
•-than five per cent. of their capital. $19,479;-
784 - of:Tractional -currency,-$27,058,70a 04,
and of compound interest n0te5,559,926,0,10.,
`Amounting in all. to . $917,014 , 769 0 , 1., r 'ild,
in n' t cite these figures . a relipitiellio - .linj- '
y, but's/ . a fickand a - tnoraitrorialact,,
a tended by' evilii , •inomesin,g , r day by: day;
a &the longer 'contra - aim; the trueremedf,P
withheld , the more difficult wi ll be found
• ili practicability. t_ :, • ' , , : 1 - • . ,
Atthetime rof the surrender. of Lee and
Jiihrison altterins of settlerrient might easdly
have been obtainedfrorn the Southern rebels,
with ample guarantees for the futtire„aa they
panted for nothing so much as deliveriince
from 'the chain's andpenalties of treasen,and
anything short of expatriation, would'have
been promptly accepted:, That opportune
moment passed aviali_never to 'return., So
;the transition from paper to Specie at that
`time might perhaps" have- been :made with
lees strain uperi the country, with less in
convenience :to individuals,: than'. can now
ever be brought about. , 'The people, were
prepared for it.. , The goal in. point 'of. fact
was almost:reached. Nobody was in 'debt
and - nobody-was , distressed.,,.The nominal
reduction L'of values . would have left all
with relatively equal purchasable 'values;
• but, unfortunately, this-policy did not pre-
Naikand now trade stands in . serried ranks
against any reduction of values, and Con
gresiit itself grudgingly authorizes the retir
ing -of only about four millions per month of
our huge volume' of currency; the presence
of which Stimulates sales and strangles pro
duction.
:'Our rionntry, from one of the one
places to live in, is fast becoming one of the
dearest. The' wages paid to labor are not
too much, considering what these wages
will pay for in bread and meat, in rent and
clothes. No manufactures can be made,
while this state of •things lasts, to he sent
abroad, and unless war pestilence or famine
, occurs among foreign nations, they will
r want none of our corn or wheat, beef. or
1 pork, at anything like what it costs to pro
f duce , it. Our gold, it lz true;, they eagerly
despoil ns of. And why not?.lt is said to
be demonetized; and at any rate, as money,
it is :getting to be obsolete. Gold coin is
itself depreciated in our markets , because it
is -useless save as so , m u lch convenient and
portable merchandise. If.used for the pay
mdnt of an exiating contract, it is worth no
more than an equal. amountof lJnited.States
legal tendernotes.: _:" ---: 1 t - 1
. , OM Our whole monetary system bloated by
more than a fourfold: - -addition to the cur
rency in circulation. It is unnatural, and
daily begets diseases of a new txpe, formid,
able because unknown, as wellas those with
Which we are already familiar and know to
beelangerons. Having. to deal with such
facts, and it being impossible to remove this
incubus upon the labor of ,the country -at
once, -our legislation : must ,recognize, the,
6ituntßin and trim our sails f r such breezes
as may blow. Our imports of 'foreign goods
this year _.are nearly double of what they
Were last - year, and we pay for them by
sending abroad gold and-silver and United
States bonds at a little more than half their
face values Another reason, and one of the
most cogent for a revision of the tariff at
this time, is the insufficient rates now levied
upon foreign wools.
This is a question which has vexed Con.
gress for forty years. The evils endured by
wool-growers somehow never disappeared,
let the laws take ,what shape they may.
The flocks of sheep in South America, in
Australia, at the Cape and elsewhere have
become so large, HO much improved by
mixed breeds that they threaten to forcethe
American wool-grower to abandon a chosen
and most attractive pursuit. Formerly the
wools obtained from Buenos Ayrea was
coarse and full of burs, but by crossing with
the Merino breeds, it has become entirely
changed in character, and new wools, equal
in grade to - the average American growth,
can be bought in South America for fifteen
cents per pomnd. It is not washed and burs
still accompany it, but no American hus
bandman, not even those who are located in
proximity to unfenced prairies where the
'summer feed can be appropriated without
jet or hinderance, can compete with such
prices... They must, unlesa at once taken
care of;succumb.
, For the past four yeare„notwithstanding
'the universally high prices for wool, the
- amormt received when reduced to a-gold ,
standard, shows that the .business of wool
growing has not been:, remunerative, not
affording one-half the profits of' any other .
;kind of farming, and many owners of sheep
have been- preparing to quit the business
for something more hopeftl. - Unless Con
*rep shall do something to revive the,
,courage of these Men, .the stock- of - sheep
. that will be offered for slaughter the coming
. fall - will exceed anything the ' country has
-heretofore witnessed. The, ;complaint is
;loud, •universal and real, not stimulated.
Never since- I have ,had the honor to be a
member of this House, have 80h&ge a num-
ber of ;petitions , been received, or with so
-, many respectable and genuine . signatures,
upon any subject. -The-Committee of Ways
• and • Means' have been- flooded 'with these
docurrients, from the East to the farthest
West. - :
The tariff of 1857, against which I voted.
allowed wool under eighteen cents to come
i in free, and reduced the ad valorem tariff on
• wools costing more than that. The tariff
placed a -small ad,valorern duty on wool
under eighteen cents, and a speciho duty on
all wool above that rate; besides providing
many provisions against fraud. Jthis' was
considerably improved by, the tariff of 1864,
but the *Slue of wool abroad being less flum
represented, or believe(' to be, ' importers
still gokcompeting - ,woolit through the cus
tom house at rates never above six cents per
pOund, anti: - sometimes at even less. Last
fall and winter, the : wootgnowers, through
I their various agricultural societies and
1 other Station and nationalorganizations, got
together for the first time, and discussed the
sulbject of wool-growing in its ,relation to
rival foreign interests. The wool manufsc
turers also met with them in joint conven
tion: - Aftekinonthst of patient toil and criti
cal examination, they presented' to'-is,"in
April hest, the fruits of their joint labor,- so
far as it relates to the dutlea 'on wool. -. .
• The proposition T that relates to woolens
came along wisiderably later. A mutual
agreement was arrived at, and upona buts
fair and equitable of parties -that never
agreed before. I think their work does
honor to those - who conceived and who hays
so far atioNsafully mattired these several
THE DAILY EVENING BIITIALE
propositions!. These propose a uch higher
rates upon wool betiatise of thenerfectiori of
the alissifidation; which is sd framedas to
catch all woola'that can by any possibility
- coinfgerVithAmericai wool. There is no
lodp-hole through which any wool cam es
- capelbedtitY intended: It is Axed andoer•
-
tain. The custom-house - officer,`though a
fool :cannot, err therein. I know the wool
growers' will be satisfied with their, own
prbposition, as they should be, - for it
athounts to more 'on mestize wool than
would a duty, of seventy-five per centum ad
valorem; and .I hope we shall not attempt to
offer anything less or ,•iti other shape, ter
whatever•isnot in the form. otspecifioduty
would be in most cases valueless.
The greatest . protection the American
w'fnl 7 ,grower coulol have would be the dis
• closure Of 'the -fact at '"every sale of woolen
clothe, whether the - Same. - were made'of.
American %fool - or . not, as cloths made of
sound American wooed - are really worth; for
hard • service, for ' hard•wear. and-tear, far
mine - than thoae- made of the.. tender -and
brittle foreign . woebt. t -,. The. duties upon ,
wOolena, it will be seen; are very. carefully
adjusted, so as to cover the dutierwhich the
mantifactnrers pay first on .wool - and dyer
ittiffii. ' The internal taxes* on their sales` 1
arid in addition twenty-Ilya per centum ad'
valorem,"the compound duties in. the 'bill,:
though following the principle first adopted
hn tbefitriff bflBBl, may not be understood
at a &ince, Ent when. carefully atudied,
they will be`found to lave the extent I hive
indicated; and nemore. 4 If this bill become
a laW l arrltituit it:-will, the.liOlpa.naau n .: .
lecturer will not find his condition any bet
ter;then.'no*. • Fateillti'itOodSt l' s fear;irtil
'cthwdricourmstriain nearly the same ittipce t
sung procession they havedons hereto
fdre, or at Alie.:rate . .tl, Over ti , tottlion of 41;
lira for every day in the year. .. -
!Lestiestr; 1865; oar imports anifountedicr
034,756,417; but this year 'they will reach'
not leas than 001,411,513. This is 'a drain
that we etein`no - conditiod to bear. Every
spare dOll - ar in 'the 'countryis`-needed to
fund our rapidly maturinguational obliga
tions. For the past year we have received
' from • California but a ' little over
$29,000,000, and yet our exporta of
gold and silver 'at - 'New York alone,
from May 12th to June, 16th, amounted to
06,515,402. When can we resume specie
payments, if this stream of merchandise in-*
ward'and BOW of gold outward is allowed to,
'continue! - Clearly it is the duty of the Gov
ernment to moderate ' if ,it cannot control,
the reckless course of trade before bank
ruptcy ensues, and the business of the coun
try receives a check from which it may take
years to recover. -
I do not think it necessary to go into the
details of many branches of business..
There is not a member of this House who
does not know and feel thatthere is urgent
need'of legislation upon the tariff. To ad
jonici without suchleg.islition would be a
calamity ,and a blunder. Take • the iron
trade. It is true they made inoney during
the war; but they are not doing it now.
They are paying laborers for making a ton
of iron nearly as much as a ton would cast
abroad. There are some little items in the
tariff • bill which hardlyerrest the eye, which
give employment to thousands, and there
fore require considerate treatment at our
hand& Among these permit me to cite one
or two examples. Eyelets, made of brass,
and then tinned as an article of commerce
Co far as to attract attention, have but re
cently been introduced. They will be no
ticed in shoes and boots, and though invisi
ble in other articles for ladies' wear, they
are still there. -
I find that of these Small and very cheap
articles, costing no more than seventeen or
eighteen cents per thousand, the amount
we consume aruses,to the , respectable sum
annually of four millions of dollars. Hoop
Skirts is another article'of extensive use for
Which me _are supposed te . be indebted to
the genius of Eugenba who, furling to.rule
the Emperor of the French, has
_great' an:
dacityin French fashions. • In New York
city alone 25,000 persons End employment
ln all the branches of the hoop-skirt manu
facture. It *mild be possible to mention
many other articles, apparently "trifles as
light's's mir," *inch furnish the means of
ouPPott to a large number of Industrious
and thrifty families.
The articles added to the free list in the
bill are few in 'number,and of inoonsider
able importance. Such articles as 'form the
base or raw material of other manufactu
rers, and of which there is no domestic
supply, scientific theorists as well as prac
tical legislatures agree should be charged
with little or no duty. When any country
has superior natural advantages for the pro
duction of a' specific article it may be use
less and a waste of capital for ceers to
attempt rivalry in the same direction. We
have nothing that will compete with thA
white el iff stone of England, for chalk and
whiting, and. as it enters into other manu
factures to a considerable extent, and gives
business to our homeward-bound vessels,
it deserves to be free. We produce rook 1
oil or petroleum, and while it bubbles up
and spontaneously runs away from its foun
tains, to be had only for the catching, it will
be difficult to find any article in other mar
kets to supplant "the poor man's light," as
my friend, Mr. Schofield, from Pennsyl.
vania, aptly calls it; and so long as we have
a surplus to-spare willfind purehasers.
Salt, when it is made from. springs, de
pends mainly for its cheapness upon the
amount of saline matter contained in the
'.water. The relative value of salt springs in
Virginia ? Michigan, New York and Ohio
differs wideisP. In somenif these States the
business now continues, but without a
higher dutylinast of 'them must wind up.
If, in any of these States, mines could be
found where salt could be taken out in pure
crystals, the saline springs would have to
bliabaritioneti., ;As t itls, we cannotafford to
be dependent upon other nations for so in
dispensable an article ,in peace and war as
;salt.' • Evenlf item •be obtained elsewhere
nominally at a less price, our'ciwn establish
: ments . MUM be,. preserved, encouraged to
:the fullitmount - of their''capacity; and even
;then, Onerhalf of all •we cansume will be
brought from abroad. We cannot afford to
,make it free, nor yet can' we` afford to tax
it so heavily . aitOrnake it' a luxury or any
' thing kit what itist-an ' article for human
nature's daily, nee. .
' The discOvery of an enormous deposit of
chloride of potassum in a bed of rock salt in
Genniny, map prove tube the chief source
from which commerce will, draw its future
suPplies. Manifestly, the;makerrof ordi,
nary potash _ salts, who., cuts down timber
and burnsit to ashea for this sole purpose,
cannot compete with an article already
made. and which only needs to be taken
from the mine purified. This is an ad
vantage of which Germany cannot be de
prived. 1 . 113 Indianiwho stole his brooms
already made, could always undersell the
Indian who only stole his timber. England,
with untold wealth in minerals, coal, clay
and cheap salt, eclipses, in many produc
tions, all the nations of the earth. Soda
ash is one of these productions enter- 1
ing largely into Other manufactures of
various descriptions." The cost of soap,
glass and of many textile fabric's,' depends
much upon the price of soda ash. At
Pittsburgh, Pe., they - have salt and cheap
coaj, and have from time .th tithe striven to
establish the manufacture of aodiash, but
thus far without marked suceesis, and if the
maiitifaisturecannot succeed at _thlapoint,
it will hardly do better elsewhere. Under
these cliesuinststrices, but Jibr, the glimin-eir
ing hope that an article of such extensive
nee may yet be established, it might have
been well to Place it upon the'free list, We
have leftit where it is, to pay a duty of a
half-cent per,pound.
The supply of ivory cannot be increased,
and is sit PPoged te be annually diminishing.
It takes 20,000 elephants, it is said,to furnish
the annual supply . of a single manufacturing
toW[Sheffield] in En hold. Oar wants are
large ; and Unmeaning. /t isVropogied, there.;
. ~ . .
IN : vBILAUELPHIA, FRIDAY, JUNE 29.. 1866
'fore, to remove th e small duty now imposed'
upon this useful as well as beautiful article;
and 'as the gigantic game from which ivory
is obtained is hunted by persons, without
regard to race or oolor,lpresurne no one will
object.
One of the main reasons for a new tariff
bill now is that the termination of the re
ciprocity treaty , leaves the ditties upon agri
cultural productions and upon lumber, fish
andcoal, at such rates as were imposed at
times when it made no difference what
those rates were, as, all such articles came
in from the provinces practically free, and
of course our,; tariff laws in this respect
now call for revision. _ The wisdom
of terminating the treaty alluded to
is already apparent, There are none of its
provisions that we cannot - Surrender, with
out :a pang. _ : Some of the pretentious claims
concerning, the fisheries—as. for instance,
the right- of excluding -our fishermen from
the shore within three Miles, and from bays
draliing the line from headland to headland
- might annoYing, but even if admitted
on our Part; as they are not likely to be by
any modern Secretary of State, such claims,
were they' to be strictly enforced, would be
of little damaire:tous and of no profit what
eder 'to the ' l'PrOvinces. There is no' more
reason' for - tiro:aging grain,- flour, cattle,
horses wood and 'butter t end cheese'
parted from 'British Provinoestro m revenue
duties thin - there would be in the case of
the importation. -of F similar articles from
Great Britain: In Peace the mother country
arid her Colonies are all our friends; in war
they are n o t less our enemies.
atia drie,hcksiever,to the present British
milifiriter;Bir Frederick' Bruce, to' say that
he Manifested a high toneand spirit of firm
nese tetichingthe' remaining ` questions as
to the`fisheries, and that hirsieeks their so
*lthout 'Making such exactions"as
would be'`likel,yto lirochice" " national , con. ,
Through the courtesy of the Seem.:
tary'of State ;I hada learned that the British
minister has information that the Canaditsi
NeW Brunswick and'Nova Sdotia willissue
leentes to fishermen, other than British sub
jects;upon the payment of fifty cents, • per
ton'on the tonnage of vessels engaged therein
and that a license will secure the right tO
fish 'within three. mules' of the
shore, and also to land for the purpose of
curing fish and obtaining supplies. More
`than this, , ,a license' from one province is to
&infer the right to fish in all the Provinces
which unite,inthe system , of giving licenses.
Without " this, Zollverein principle Ameri
cans would find the license of no value, and
would not avail themselvea of . , it. the
'end all • the Provinces may unite in such
leglislation, or if they do not, the Confede
rated Provinces; and that scheme appears
likely to be speedily adopted, more speedily
perhaps in consequence of the recent Celtic
irruption, will undoubtedly adopt the prin
ciple.
Mr. Chairman, I will now send to the
clerk's desk, to b read for the information
of the committee, a letter from the Secre
ary of State upon this question, and also
o .e from the British Miniator,Sir Frederick
Bruce: .
, DEPARTMENT . O F
STATE, WASHINGTON,
June 25, IB66.—The Hon. Justin AS'. Morrill,
Chairman of the annmillea of Ways and
Means, House of Representatives--13ra :
have the honor to inclose for the informa
tion of the committee over which you pre
side, a copy of a note of the 24th inst., ad
dressed to me by the Hon. Sir Frederick
W. A. Bruce, the British Minister, relative
to the course determined upon by the Go
vernments of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
and Canada, in regard 'to licenses to fisher
men of the United States. By a note of the
31iitof May last, Sir Frederick Brace in
formed me that P. Forbin, Esq., the magis
trate commanding the Government ves
sel La Canadienne, employed in protecting
hid fisheries of Canada, has been authorized
to issue fishery licenses, on the payment of
the sum of fifty cents per ton of measure
ment of the vessels proposed to be used
in fishing. That those licenses would re
main in force during this season, and
would confer upon the holders of them, as
far as the Canadian fisheries are concerned,
all the rights enjoyed by the fishermen of
the United States under the reciprocity
treaty. An oftlelahnetafleation embodying
this informahon was made public upon its
receipt, and the same coarse ~will now be
pursued in regard to that contained in the
inclosed.
,
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient
servant, Wu. H SzwAitn.
WASHING'rON, June 24, 1866.—Sir: I have
the hosOr to state, that I am informed by his
Excellency the Governor General of Canada,
that the' governments of Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick have agreed that the pos.
session' of a license, issued by Canada, to
fish, shall entitle the holder, during the
season of 1866, to fish in the waters of New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia, as well as in
those of Canada. The holder of a license
from the governments of Nova Scotia or
New Brunswick, if any shall be issued,
being entitled to fish also in the Canadian
waters. I shall feel most obliged if yon_will
commuhicate this information to the chair
man of the Committee on Ways and Means.
I have the; honor to be, with the highest
consideration, sir, your most obedient
humble servant.
1 FREDERICK W. A. BRUCE.
The Hon. WILLIAM R. SEWARD.
Mr. Chdirman, it may be proper for me to j
,add that I have just received a note from Sir
F. Bruce, saying that another of the pro
vinces has enacted laws in relation to
licenses similar to those of Canada, cir.c. It
is also due to myself to say, that in a con
versation with the British Minister, .I in
formed 'him that I thought our fishermen
would be reluctant to take out licenses for
the right to fish in British waters, but that
they probably would be willing to pay a
license for going on shore to cure fish. , The
greater'cost of fitting out our vessels, and
the taxation to which they are subjected,
enables provincial fishermen, who have no
long voyages to make to reach the most de
sirable fishing grounds, to bring fish to our
'markets at cheaper rates than our own peo
ple. In addition to this, our fishermen will
Inow, when they enjoy the privileges of the
shore fisheries, only needed for catching
mackerel late in the season, have to pay a
;license of from fifty dollars to one hundred
'dollars for each vessel, according to its We.
Under these circumstances, justice re
quires the imposition of reasonable duties
upon foreign caught fish. As we are now,
`however, met in a generous spirit, I hope
Congress will suitably respond, and place
only moderate dutiee sufficient to cover the
items already indicated upon mackerel and
loodfisli. Mackerel may perhaps need to be
placed even lower that it will be found in
the bill. In the cod fisheries it is no longer
necessary to . go within three miles of the
'shores, and such duties can be placed on the
product as may seem judicious; but it - being
an article of foo4 consumed largely - by
those who can ill afford butchers' meat at.
twenty-five and thirty cents per pound. a
moderate duty seems appropriate. Oar
trade with the maritime Provinces is one
more deserving our fostering care then that
of the . other Provinces. The people are
very friendly, and they have such articles
as we require in large' quantities, such ati
coal and plaster, for. which they take'of us
flour and and other articles in nearly.equal
quantities. •It is a reciprocal trade that is
profitable to all parties, and ought to find
some favor in our legislation.
And here let me remark, that for eleven
years we have drawn moderate supplies of
bituminous coal from Nova Scotia. .Enter
prising. Americans have embarked their
i d
capital there, and opened'mines to su ppl y
the wants of the gas companies in a w •
Northern cities on the bleak, ice-bo
Atlantic coast. Some of our mills and 1 e
iron foundries have- been started with the
expectation of a continued' supply of coal of
this character from this quarter. Even if
this is granted the coal so used will boat the
OnaWntirks ten er twelve dolltun "per ton,
while that used by our; rethren in Penn
sy ivania and Maryland, for identically the
tame purposes, will only cost ;three : . or
four diallers. MoSt of the pig-iron
Hsi d in Coonecticue, Massachusetts ; and
Berate Island comes from Pennsylvania
Iv ' wto be insisted upon that no: coal
,;‘, used in those regions biitthet whiCh
gged over a thousand miles of . rail-'
raid! Is this necessary to the prosperity 'of
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad—a road'
that, as I have heard, is earning fatter divi
denclathan almost any in tho land 2, Ihave
no feeling on this question, and I am'not
aware that my constituents have any into;
rest in it; but, to use the words which my
excellent friend from Chicago emphasizes
with so much unction, I desire to, see "fair
play."
The Committee of Ways and Means have
shaped the bill so tbat all cannel coal, heap
lig the highest price of any or all other bi
tuminous coal imported from any place
thirty degrees east of Washington, and all
anthracite, if there be any that be imported,
shall pay one dollar and a half per ton, :and
only propose that the common bituminous
coal, such 'as we_have had, free for eleven
years from Fitton, shall pay fifty cents.
Mr. Chairman, we leave it. to the good
sense of the Committee to say whether this
is not eminently Sint and fair. Even. the
gentleman front, the Pittsburgh districtboa
cedes that Ms right and proper, and where
ha leads on this subject I feel sure no Penn:
sylvanian need fear to follow. The present
bills not likely' to Knit everybody, and
regard it 'as only a temporary measure, fit
to be .introduced .hecatuie of the imperioaa
neceisities of our present condition; Many
will think it inadequate to- • the. exigenoles.
of the- muntry and' that much. Mine
'ought to have been conceded to
,olri Am
perilled induistries: The - statements Made
by_ihe gentlemen of the revenue commis
sion, who have long, studied the subject, .13X
Well as by those whose spepial interestk are
touched in almost every instance, would'
have justified the Committee of Ways and
Means ':in proposing higher rates 'than will
i
be found n the bill, but the Conimittee
have scrutinized every ease, and consented
to no higher rates, with only here and there
a possible eirception, than will, as they are
forced to believe, place the Americanlabor
er, producer or manufacturer upon a level
of fair competition with foreign capital and
fforeign labor. During the prevalence
of war prices, and the excessive pre
mium of 280 upon gold, ' while we
were accustomed to contemplate money in•
fabulous sums, something of extravagance
prevailed everywhe, but now, upon the
return of peace, we ought to begin to prac
tice the stern duties of economy; be content
with moderate gains and make some
approach to our former rule of estimates.
when an advance of even five per
centum in the scale duties waaweighed
with as much. scrupulonaness as gold
dust in the balance; but unless we are will
ing to count the usual sequence of war,
we must now adopt measures that will
shield our, people from general financial
ruin. We are at the mercy of those who.
have had no unusual war taxes; no boun
ties to pay to brave volunteers, and we
must hape a little breathing time to recu
perate, or we may sink, under the load.
Although triumphant at all points in the
great struggle of freedom against slavery,
our, great revenue from internal taxes -4a
wholly dependent upon the fact, wherever
we can keep our own fields, factories and
work-shops fully manned 'and constantly
employed, the tax they pay is a percentage
on the inflated current value in our
markets, and five per cent. here is nearly
equal to ten per cent., on any foreign in
voice, especially as we know that many in
voices, by the adroitness of trade, arelargely
undervalued. 'Our taxes, which are not
direct,also imperceptibly press hardly upon
all who are engaged in anykind of business.
Raw materials are largely increased in cost.
Stamp taxes insiduously entrap every busi
ness transaction, so that after we have le
vied extraordinary duties,we shall-11nd that
importations will by no means cease. 'Al
though our present tariff in ordinary times
would be likely to be denounced' as prohi
bitive,-yet we find it practically productive
beyond all precedent—yielding nearly one
hundred millions more in solid gold than
was ever before realized. While the pre
sent bill is Indispensable to preserve the
aggregate of our internal revenue, it* will
not be likely to diminish, even if it does not
increase, the revenue from imports. It will
keep our people at work.
Urn in favor of taking yaUper care of.
American industry as against foreign com
petition, now and at all times, whether itbe
that engaged in the production of flour or
wool, brogans or ships, or whether it be' the
tiny - artificial flower that embellishes the
lady's bonnet, or the ponderous engine that
moves the floating palace-in spite of wind or
weather from ocean to ocean. Let the time
be far distant when an Americancitizen will
be forced to work for the wages 'of those
whose toil furnishes no homesteads, no
school-houses, and finally not even tomb
stones for the graves of themselves or
their children. But rather than jeopardize
a sound public policy; rather than excite
the odium which. extravagance is always
likely to.excite, I should counsel temporary
inconvenience and the lowest rate of du
ties under which it is possible for our va
rious branches of manufactures not to pros
per, but to live, hoping that a better time is
coming, when labor will be more abundant,
taxation less onerous, and when our paper
money shall be good for its entire faca.
value. God
this
the day, Mr. Chairman.
I will not at h' time consume any time
of the House, but will, in the' progress
of the. bill, have something more to say in
relation to its detaila. c_
Mr, Morrill closed byindicating an inten
tion to move to close general debate.
Mr. Stevens expressed the hope that after
the speech made by the gentleman from
Vermont, some latitude of disoussionwould
be allowed. He looked upon this bill as a
free-trade bill from beginning to end.
[Laughter]. He thought it anything but
protective, and as gold, came down it would
be leas so. Scrap iron, for instant*, was to
be taxed half as much as pig iron, when it
was worth fain times as much.". He admit
ted that' it was perfectly suited to the East
ern market, and.that this- was an excellent
tariff for, the :gentleman there; but turn to
the people of his district.. He could not say
anything about the question of coal till he
found what his
_mileage:. [Mr. I.loorhead]
had.to say on that subject, as he was on the
Committee of Ways and Means, and as
sented to this bill.
Mr. Moorhead admitted:that he did assent
to the bill, and that the duty of one dollar
and twenty-five cents on bituminous coal
from abroad, and offifty cents on coal from
Nova Scotia was a compromise. He " could not see what right - his constituents had to
say to the manuf'acturers of New England,
Vlio mined, their coal in' Nova Scotia for
consumption in their own factories, that
they should' not do so. He thought there -
should be a discrimination drawn between
coal from Europe and' coal 'from ' the colo
nies. His object in' that was protect the
manufacturers of this country and the labor
of this country against the, manufaotuxers
and labor of the Old World.
Mr. Kelly said that he found much in the
bill to approve. Considering the- arduous
labors imposed upon the' Committee of
Ways and Means, and the limited time it
had to prepare a tariff bill, hewondered
that it could have presented as perfect. a
bill. There,were, however, a few things in
the bah giving evidences of haste and want of
due consideration. This bill proposed a duty
of one dollar' and fifty cents on anthracite.
coal, and he did not wish the legislation of
the country to proclaim to the savans of
the world that It did not know that
the United States piniessed all the anthra
cite coal in the world. That outside of four
hundred and seventy square miles of our .
/MA territory=Anthracite Vol wan zu;st found.
•
Mr. Morrill replied that he was not aware
oil the fact, at :least: eo,far as the gentle
man's testimony was concerned, for he had
' heard' him make thee samesame statement;ten or
Mu-en times.
Mr. Kelly declared that while , the Com
mittee of Ways and Means insisted on
denying the fact he would continue to assert
it. If the committee knew there was no
anthracite coal in the world but our own,
why was one dollar and fifty cents per ton
proposed for it? That which was attempted'
to; be called anthracite coal-. in Wales was a
species of igneous slate, not capable of use
• for - any purpose. to-which anthracite coal
was applied. He wanted that ward "an
thracite" struck out; The anthracite <coat
interest was the coal interest of Pennsylvar:
nia-i but on this'question bespoke, for those,
also-who were voiceless in Congress—fort!-
people of Virginia and North. Carolina. -
'lnstead of New-England-manufacturers'
Making intestinents in Nova Scotia coal
mines, they'should aid in developing the
rich coal fields of Deep river, North Car
olina, and James river,Virginia. He, ridi
culed that provision o the bill making dis
crimination between the bituminous - coal
of England and • that of Canada, showing
that while dieeriminations .are not novel;
they lave always been.carried oat on the
principle of placing the lighter duty on the'
article brought from the greater distance,.
and the heavierdnty on the article brought
fromthe -nee..-er home. The development
of the coal interest in Virginia would.savis
thisoeuntry . from a liability to Frenoli
in
tirvention'on the principle of the invisloir - .
- of -Mexico, for, itwmild recollected : thet,
na March, 1864 the Vhginiw . Legislature
granted to a _French company tLe' Jninas•
river and Kanawha canal. andthe.premint t
Owlets Legbilature 'of - Virghda was now
,endeavoring to execute that ()entreat. •
Pllte inquired - whether - the loyal Le
gislature of Western Virginia wan not doing
the same?
Mr. Kelley replied. - that he did not know,
but be wanted a tiodyof New Englancicapi
t al, energy and patriotilim rinvolved In - .the
coal trade of Virginia, so that Louis Napo- a.
leon should not have outhern rebels to deal
with, but Northern patriotism.
Mr. Hubbard (W. Va.) explained that their
legislation between West Virginia and 01c1
Virginia, in reference. to the James river
and Kanawha canal was , not as to a French
company, but as to a New York' cotrpany. .
It was the desire and interest of both those
States that That canal should be opened, so
as to give access for coal and iron to the sea.
West Virginia had a direct interest in this
coal. question. They did not desire to pro
hibit the Pictou coal from being admitted
into the New England States, but they did'
desire that that coal should 'hay the revenue
that it coulcrpay.
General debate was closed, and the House
proceeded to consider the bill for amend
ment. -
Mr. Grinnell moved to increase the duty.
on woolen raga, shoddy, mungo, waste and
flocks, from 12 to 25 cents per pound.
A discussion arose on the amendment,
Messrs. Grinnell, Cook and Lawrence {Ohio)
supporting it, and Messrs. Kelley, Kasson
and Morrill opposing it. The amendment
was rejected.
Mr. Dawes moved to amend by reducing
the dni3; , on flocks to 6 cents per pound. Re
,
jected4
The bill, as far as the Moarnittee pro
gressed to-day, makes the following provi
sions:.
That from and after the passage of this
act, in lieu of the duties now imposed by
law on the articles mentioned and embraced
in this section. there shall be levied, col
lected and paid on all unmanufactured
wool, hair of the alpaca goat and other like
animals, imported from foreign countries,
the duties liereinafter mentioned. All
wools, hair of the alpaca goat and other like
• animals, as aforesaid, shall be divided, for
the purpose of fixing the duties - to be charged
thereon, into three chisses—to wit: Class
Ist, clothing wools—that is to say, merino
mestiza, mete or metis wools, or
other wools of merino blood,
immediate or remote, down-cloth
ing wools and Wools of like character, with
any of the preceding, including such as
have been heretofore usually imported into
the United States from Buenos Ayres, New
Zealand, Australia,Cape of Good Hope,Russia, Great Britain, Canada, and else
where, and also including all wools not
hereinafter described or deiiignated in
classes two and three. Class 2. Combing
wools, diet is to say, Leidester, Cottswold,
LinPolushire, down-combing wools, Canada
long wools, or ether like combing wools of•
English bloods, and usually known by the
terma herein used, and also all hair of the al
paca goat and other animals. Class 3, ;Carpet
wools and other similar wools, such es Don
skoi, native South American, Cordova, Val
paraiso, native Smyrna, and including all
such wools of like character as have been
heretofore usually imported into the United
States from Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Syria
and elsewhere. For the purpose of carry
ing into effect the classification herein pro
vided, a sufficient number of distinctive
samples ofthe various kinds of wool or hair
embraced in each of the three classes above
named, selected and prepared under the di
rection of the Secretary of the Treasury, and
duly verified by him, the standard samples
being retained in the Treasury
Department, shall be deposited in the cus
tom-houseend elsewhere, as he may direct,
which samples shall be used by the proper
officers of the customs to determine the
classes above specified, to which all ini-
ported wools belong; and upon wools earths
first class, the values whereof at the last
port or place whence exported to the United
States, excluding charges in such port, shall
be thirty-two cents or less per pound, and in
addition thereto, ten per tenturn ad Ne
lorem; upon wool? of the same ohms, the
value whereof at the last port or paws
whence exported to the United States, in
eluding charges in such port, shall eXCeOd
thirty-two cents per pound, the duty eh :
be twelve cents per pound, and in add . _
thereto ten per oentum ad valorem;• n
wools of the second clam, end . upon all hair
of the alpaca goat and other like animal;
the value whereof at the last port or place
wbence exported to the United Stateseer
eluding charges instich port shall be thirty
two cents or less per pound, the duty shall
be ten cents per pound, and in addition
thereto ten per centum ad 'valorem; upon
wools of the same class, the vein' whereof
at the last port or place whence exported
to the United States, excluding
charges in such port shall exceed thirty-two
cents per pound, the duty shall be twelve
cents per pound, and, in addition thereto,
ten per centum ad valorem: npon wools of
the third class the value whereof, at the last
port or place whence - exported into the
United States, excluding charges in such
tort, shall be twelve cents or less per nound,
the duty shall be three cents per pound;
upon wools of the same class, the value
whereof at the lad place when exported to
the United States, excluding charges in
such
_port, shall exceed twelve cents per
pound f the duty shall be sir cents
per pound; Provided, That any wool
of the sheep or hair of the Alpaca
goat and other like animals which shall be
imported in other than the ordinaryiiondi
tion, as now and beiretofore prattlied, o
which shall be changed in its ' character . .
condition fOr the 'purpose of evading; th
duty; or which shall be reduced in vame b
the admixture of dirt or any other forst
aubstance, shall , be subject to pay twice th
amount of duty to - which' it would' othe
wise be subjected, anything in 'this act
the contrary notwithstanding: Provide •
further, plat when wool, of .differen
qualities is imported in the.- Ram.
bale, bag or package, it shall be a .
praised by the appraiser, to determine th
rate.of duty to which it shall be subjeo
at the average aggregate value of the co
tents ofthe bale, bag or packagN and wh.
'Continued on the Third Fage4