L wIUR PER ANNUM INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. TOWANDA: ! ftursaay Morning, May 9, 1861 Silccttb Ipoctrn. [Prom the N. Y. Tribune ] THROUGH BALTIMORE. fO) TOICII eV TUB rKHNSVLVAXIA TOLCJfTBM#. 1. 'TM Priilay morn, the train dre* near. The city end <•'"? ahore ; fu through the sunshine, *>rt nnd clear, I We lew Ihe dear old Bag' appear, > d in our heart* aroe a sheer p„r Baltimore- AeroM tha broad Patapaco a Old Port Mclleury bore The "tarry banner of the brave. • a when our lather." went to .save, I or la the tranche* find a grave. At BeltiMore. nr. j Btloren*. pillared in the sky. We sw the statue aoar Of Washington, serene and high— I Could traitor* view that form, nor fly T Could patriota see, nor gladly die Tot Baltimore f ,r " " Oh, city of our father a song, Bv that swift aid we bora Wbts sorely pressed, roeeive the throng, ■ who go to shield our (lag from wrong, ■ An J g "t welcome, warm and strong, lu Baltimore 1" T"e had no arms, as friends we came. As brothers evermore, I To rally round one eaerod name, I Taecharter of our power and fair.a : K We cever dreamed of guilt and -haine ■ fa Baltimore. vt. ■ Tha coward mob upon us fell r Me Henry's flag tbey tore : I Surprised, botue back by the awe.;, I Baatdovra with ntad. inhuman yell. Before s* yawned a traitoroui bell. in Bs'.ixmort I nr. The streets our soldier fathers trod Blushed with then children's gore : We saw the craven rulers cod. And dip in bh oil the civic rod Shah' each things be, oh righteous God, | In Baltimore ? vt:, Xa, never .' By that outrage black, A solemn oath we swear, Tj bring the Royslone's tiio ,sands ba-k, Svke down the dastard* who attack, i:d leave a red and Her/ track Through Baltimore. tx. /w down, in haste, thv guilty uead ! God'e wrath 13 swift and sore : The iky with gathering bolts is red,— C.esn.t from thy Airts the slaughter abed. Or Kihc thyself an ashen bed— j ' h Bait re' ' Hfiisctllanious. Tha Qusstioii of Allegiance. A remarkable im-tance of the painful emo tions which aro produced by mental excite ment, in regard to a real or supposed conflict of ilu'y, occiirre 1 in this city on Friday. A comaaiiiler o( lite United btntes Navy com milted suicide lit tlie .Merchants' Hotel. He *k n native of the Stute of Georgia, bat has rc'ided near Bristol, Fa., when r.ot engaged in I dual service, it is supposed the motive hich prompted this fearlnl act was au aver ton to acting either in hostility to his native Sate or the Federal Government, whose corn If? won he held. However much we may de v"re his sad fate, ami pity tiie delusiou which odium to become the victim of the demur* fi t's doctrines of the iipo.-ties of -Secession, i>resolution not to employ the anility which tad been educated by the General Govern- I at#t against its authority, was that of n brave, ! honorable, and conscientious man. It is easy for us to imagine the system of nphistry which those officers of Southern nativity adopt when they throw up their comm:-sinus, and range themselves under the tanner cf rebellion. It remits from that per ' ous theory of State allegiance, which lias Lfen taught to the two last generations of Njathtriiers— a theory which to obtain force Bust admit a position fatal to tiie integrity -i the INpiiblic, and eventually subversive of : 'f'v Inv but that of a mere township, town, municipality. It were to discriminate too cicely for us to draw the parallel between Male allegiance and National allegiance, to blow where the citizen of Pennsylvania may 1;' ISC 1° be a citizen of the United States. But we think that no positions of social lite or Rational service present u clearer path of - s tv tnan those cf the army and navv. They arf; nation*)l institutions to every intent and . u pnsf, i'hey exist by the will of the Geue- Government, and whoever enters them -ecoines its servant. The General Govern t educates, protects, and provides for its - iters, uud they swear to it in return, iife, '' '"J, and obedience. Tbe military and "'stitutions are so peculiarly national, ■' 1 the duty they enjoin is so distinct from required by a mere State, that nothing F,e most absurd reasoning can create a Ambiance. rt ta:e theory of State allegiance, like most • ttie Secession theories, indeed, is peculi c,'' end has been almost fatally in- U.'. h ? olir good mother the nation. We military obedience in America a qnes- f n honor—other nations make it a (juts k n f lrp a e on If a province of France re , / ' Against the empire, it would be equi -- LrV? & ru[D '^ ea d court-uiartial for a 1 *• ' r*- r u-M obedierre ko fbc FVnperor's order, because he happened to be a native of [ the rebellious district. Nor do we tbintc that [ the British Govern.nent would have an liesi i tutiou in hanging at the yard-arm a captain who refused to blockade a port in one ot the | Irish provinces, because he happeued to have been born in Cork or Londonderry. The con cession once made is fatal to all military effec tiveness, and to all law, order, and discipline in a government. We have partly recognized it in the United States, and the demoralized condition of our nriny and navy shows how terrible in its effects the recognition has proved. The melancholy instance cited in tbo open ing paragraph is an exception to the general rule which lias prevailed among those officers who have abandoned our Hag on grounds of State allegiance. The ease of General Twiggs chow 3 how closciv these notions of honor are allied with what every other civilized nation on the globe calls treachery. If honor com pels an officer to spurn his allegiance to the Government, it snrely does not compel liitn to remain at his post long after the conflict be tween the State and nation has arisen ; to ob tain every secret which confidence can pro cure ; to paralyse the hand which has nurtured him ;to draw his salary from lho "tyrannical'' coffers of the nation ; to live in apparent alle gianee until the moment of action arrives, and then cross over the Potomac and draw the sword of a traitor. So long as many of these officers are permitted to live on half-pay with out service, they aro willing to rtceive their pay and waive the immediate question of alle giunce, but when the command of duty comes, they collect the arrears of their salary up to date, plead their duty to their State, send in a resignation, and next appear at Fort Pickens or Fort Surnpur, trying to steal w Government for with stolen cannon nnd pilfered powder. We certainly do not condemn a native of South Carolina for ioving that State, any more than we censure outselves for cherishing a fondness towards dear old Pennsylvania. But the soldier is the son of the nation. She is his military mother—and he owes her his life and sword. The rule recognizes no excep tion and can admit of no deviation. To aban don the nation in its hour of peril, when it ueads ail that valor and skill can afford, is to be guilty of ingratitude and treason. The Great Soldier of the Age, whose loyal arm now wields the sword of Washington, is an exatnply lor all to follow. Winfield Scott loves Yir ginia, but lis loves bis country more, and in giving his great mind to bis country, even in antagonism to his State, lie teaches the eol dier what true allegiance is.— I'rtss. How Public Opinion is Maiufactured i£ tiie South. There is uothiug more potent in society than a bad newspaper, unless it is a good one; and, accordingly, the first care of a tyrant is either to currupt the public press or crush it. With liie exception of the journals in France, we do not know a newspaper system in tiie world 1 more mendacious ur unscrupulous than that of '.he Cotton Slates. There was a time, and that not ninny months ago, when we could point to dozens ol journals in the South, and feel proud of their professional relation-hip It is now a sea of shame without a star. Wlietb j er they have been corrupted, cr crushed, we ; scarcely know; but a tuorc studied system ot calumny on the people of the North, nnd mis representation of their motives and institutions, could scarcely lie invented, a>i it is not at ad surpri-ing that the public opit i m thus created should be so ungenerous uud unjust. We have before us a number of paragraphs from Southern papers, which will illustrate the position we as-mute. Tiie following is a des patch in the New Orleans I'icayunt., detailing the late occurrence in Baitiuioie : " Tiie Massachusetts Seventh Regiment have been taken prisoners by the lialtimore ans. " Over one buadred were killed and wound ed. " Sixteen Ba'timoreans were also killed. " Eight hundred improved arms also fell in to the hands of the liaitiinoreaiM." Here are live distinct falsehoods in four brief paragraphs ! The facts of the esse are so re cent as to render a correction superfluous, but we must -ay that it woul.l be almost impossi ble tor human invention to construct ft more mischievous story out of such a plain and de plorable narrative as that of the outrages at Baltimore. From a leading editorial in the New Orleans Delta on the military preparations of Pennsyl vania wo take the fo owing startling senten ces : "The Governor cf Pennsylvania is about to take the lield with thiro hundred thousand Broad brims to invade and subjugate the South, and compels its submission to a duty of one hundred per rent, on iron nnd to the recog nition <f Ikt equality of nt grots with, while mtn. These are the grounds upon which the Q inkers and Couestogas are willing to light, to forego their religious scruples, and to regard with pi ous insensibility scenes of blood and carnage * * * Brother Abraham has succeeded, by virtue of his Quaker blood and education, in enlisting, in behalf of the ho ly cause of Abolition and of the Morrill tariff, a body of meu who have never before taken the field." The favorite topic for articles o f a boasting natnie is Mr. Lincoln's anticipated flight from Washington, and its occupation by troops of th Southern Confederacy. Tnis idea is kept constantly before the people in paragraphs like the following. We take this from the editori al columns of the Mobile ltrgisler : " We offered, a few days since, to bet a rea sonable amount that within a few weeks Lin coln would leave Washington as he entered it. We fear we shall lose, for Maryland has cut off his retreat, nnd, hemmed in between that State and Virginia, we do not see how be can escnpp. even in ' Scotch cap and military cloak." A story has been started to the effect that General Srott had resigned his commission, PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY R. W. STURROCK. gone to \ irgiuia, and, us one of the papers bns it, "thown his sword on the felon lUg." This falsehood is the topic ot eight or ten tri r.mphmt editorials, which we have before n. Here is a mild specimen from the respectable columns of the conservative I'ioiyune: " Disasters accumulate on the head of Lin coln. Tiie pillars upon which he rested for support crumble away Irotn beneath him. Un questionably his great moral reliance, among many thousands of his countrymen, has been on the weight of the great military character of Winfield Scott. What Wellington was to the British army and people, Scott has been in this country, as n political counsellor to a great party, and, as a soldier, without rival in an illustrious pre-eminence. When the con queror of Mexico refused to be Chief Consta ble to lead the bayonets against his mother Stute, as a proclaimed rioter, the uplifted arm of Federal power was palsied. Lovalty and chivalry shrank from him when Scott left tiiin." We might elaborate this article by the pub lication of extracts from Southern journals equally as offensive and untrue us those quoted. \Y e merely wished to show, however, to our renders, one of the methods by which public opinion is manufactured in the South. On agencies like these, the cause ot Secession de pends for support. Treason could have no more fitting champion than a venal press. Tno Governor's Message. Kxkvtive Chamber, ? Uarrinburg, April uO, IsCl. f To the Senate and House of Representative* of the Communxctalth of Pennsylvania . GENTLEMEN :—The present unparalleled exi gency in tiie alfiirs of our country, lias induced me to call you together at this time. With hii actiii.l ami armed rebellion in some of tiie States of the Union, momentous questions have lie en thrust upon us which call for your deliberation, and that you should devise means by legislation for the maintenance, of tiie au thority of the General Government, the honor and dignity of our State, the protection of our citizens, and the erly establishment of peace and order throughout the land. On the day of my induction iuto the Execu tive office, 1 took occasion to utter the follow ing sentiments : " No ouo who knows the history cf Penn sylvania, and understands the opinions and feelings of her people, can justly charge us with hostility to our brethren of other States. We regard them as friends and fellow-countrymen, in whose welfare we feel a kindred interest; and we recognize, m their broad-st extent, all our constitutional obligations to them. These we Hre ready and v. illing to observe generously and fraternally in their letter and spirit, with un swerving fidelity "Ours is a National Government. It has within the sphere of its action all the attri butes of sovereignty, and among these are the right and duty of self-preservation. It is bas ed upon a compact to which all the peojile of the United States Bre parties. It is the result of mutual concessions, which were made for the purpose of secuiiug reciprocal benefits.— It acts directly on the people, and thev owe it a personal allegiance. No part of the p-ople, no State nor combination of States, can vol untarily secede from the Union, nor absolve themselves from their obligations to it. To permit a State to withdraw at pleasure from the Union, without tiie consent of the re-t, is to confess that our Government is a failure.— Peiinsyivauia can never acquiesce in Mich a conspiracy, nor assent to a doctrine which in volves the destruction of tbe Government. If tiie Government is to exist, all the require ments of the Constitution inu-t be obeyed; and it must have power adequate to the enforce ment of the supreme law- of the laud in every State. It is the first duty of the national au thorities to stay tiie progress of anarchy and enforce the laws, and Pennsylvania, with a united people, will give them an honest, faith ful ami active support. The people meau to preserve the integrity of the uution&l Union at every hazard." It could scarcely have been antic'pated at that time, that we should so soon lie caWed upon for tbe practical application of these tiutlis in connection with their support and de fence by tiie strong arm of military power. The unexampled promptness and enthusiasm with which Pennsylvania aud the other loyal States have responded to the call of tiie Pres ident, and the entire unanimity with which our people demand that the integrity of the Gov ernment shall lie preserved, ii lust rata the duty of the several State and National Governments with a distinctness that cannot be disregarded. The slaughter of northern troops in the city of Biltirnore, for the pretended offence of marching, at the call of the Federal Govern ment, peaceably, over soil admittedly in the Union, and with the ultimateo' jectot defend ing our common Capital against any armed and rebellious invasion, together with the ob struction of our Pennsylvania troops when despatched on the same patriotic mission, im pose new duties aud responsibilities upon our State administration. At last advices tbe General Government had military possession of the route to Washington through Annapo lis; but tbe transit of troops bad been greatly endangered and delayed, and the safety of Washington itselt imminently threatened.— This cannot be submitted to. Whether Mary land may profess to be loyal to the Union or otherwise, there can be permitted no hostile soil, no obstructed thoroughfare, between the States that undoubtedly are loyal and their national seat oi government. There is reason to hope that the rout? through Baltimore may be no longer closed against the peaceable pas sage of our people armtd and in the service of the Federal Government. But we must be fully assured of this, and have the uninterrup ted enjoyment of a passage to the Capitol by any and every route essential to tho purposes of the Government. This must be attained, peaceably if possible, but by force of srms if net accorded " B.EARDLESS OP DENUNCIATION FROM ANT QUARTER." Tbe time is past for temporizing or forbear ing with this rebellion ; the most causeless in history. The North has not invaded, nor has she somrht to invade a single guaranteed right of the South. On the contrary, all political parties and all administrations have fully re cognized the binding force of every provision of the great compact between the Stales, and regardless of our views of State policy, our people have respected them. To predicate a rebellion, therefore, upon any alleged wrong iuflicted or sought to be inflicted upon the South is to offer falsehood as an apology for treason. So will the civilized world and his tory judge this mad effort to overthrow the most beneficent structure of human govern ment ever devised by man. The leaders of the rebellion in the Cotton States, which has resulted in the establishment of a provisional organization assuming to dis charge all the functions of governmental pow er, have mistaken the forbearance ot the Gen eral Government ; they have accepted a fra ternal indulgence as an evidence of weakness, and have insanely looked to a united South, and a divided North to give success to the wild ambition that lias led to the seizure of our national arsenals and armn, the investment and bombardment of our Lrt.s, the plundering of our mints, has invited piracy upon our com merer, nnd now aims at tiie possession of the National Capitol. The insurrection must now be met by force of arm; and to re-establish the government upon an enduring basis by asserting its entire supremacy, to re-posses the forts and govern ment property so unlawfully seized and held; to ensure personal freedom and safety to the people and commerce of the Union in every section, the people of the loyal States demand, as with one voice, nnd will contend for, as with one heart; and a quarter of a million of Penn sylvania's sons wiil answer the cull to arms, if need be, to wrest as from a reign of anarchy and plunder, and scrure for themselves and their children, for ages to come, the perpetuity of this government and its beneficent institu tions. Entertaining these views and anticipating that more troops would be required than the number originally called for, I continued to receive companies until we had raised twenty three regiments in Pennsylvania, all of which have been mustered into the service of the Unit ed States In this anticipation I was not mis taken. On Saturday last, an additional requi sition was made upon me for twenty live regi ments of infantiy and one of cavalry ; and there have been already more companies ten dered than will make up the entire couqtle ment. Before the regiments could be clothed, three of them were ordered by the National Gov ernment to proceed from this point to Phila delphia I cannot too highly commend the patriotism and devotion of the men who, at a moment's warning, and without any prepara tion, obeyed the order. Three of the regi ments, under similar circumstances, by direc tion of, and accompanied by officers of the United Stutes army, were transported to Cockeysviile, near Baltimore, at which point they remained for two days, and until by rii rections of the General Government they were ordered back and went into camp at York, where there are now five regiments. Three regiments mustered into service are now en camped at Chambersburg, under orders from the General Government; and five regiments are now in cainp nt this place, and seven have been orLroiiizud and mustered into service at Philadelphia. Tiie regiments at this place arc still suppli ed by tbe Commissary Department of the Stat** Their quarters are as comfortable as could be expected, their supply of provisions abundant. *nd, under the instruction of com petent officers, they are rapidly improving in military knowledge and skill. I have made arrangements to clothe nil our regiments with the utmost dispatch consistent with a proper economy, nnd am most happy to say that be fore the close of the present week ail our peo ple now under arms will lie abundantly sup plied with good and appropriate uniforms, blankets and other clothing. Four hundred nnd sixty of onr volunteer?, the first to reach Washington from any of the States, aro now at that city; these are now provided for I y tlie General Government; but I design to send them clothing at the earliest possible opportunity. lam glad to be able to state that these men, in their progress to tlie National Capital, received no bodily injury, although they were subjected to insult in the city of Baltimore, such as should not have been offered to any law abiding citizen, much less to loyal men, who, at the call of the Pres ident, had promptly left their own State in the performance of the highest duty and in the service of their country. A large body of unarmed men, who were not at. the time organized as a portion of the militia of this Commonwealth, under tlie com mand of officers without commissions, attempt ed under the call of tiie National Government as I understand, to reach Washington and were a<s;uiltwl by armed men in the city of Baltimore, many of their number were serious ly wounded, and four were killed. The larger part of this body returned direcfly to Phila delphia; but many of them were forcibly de tained in Baltimore; some of tKem were thrust into prison, and others have not yet reached their homes. I have the honor to sny that the officers nnd men behaved with the utmost gallantry. This body is now organized into a regiment, and the officers arc commissioned; they have been accepted into the service, and will go to Washington by any route indicated by the Federal Government. I have established a camp at Pittsburg, nt which the troops from Western Pennsylvania will be mustered into service, and organized nnd disciplined by skillful umi experienced officers. 1 communicate to yon with great satisfac tion, the fact that the banks of the Common wealth have voluntarily tendered any amount of raonty that many be necessary for tbe com- mon defence and general welfare of tiie State and the nation in this emergency;and the tem porary loan of live hundred thousand dollars authorized by the Act of the General Assemb ly of the 17th April, 1861, was promptly taken at par. The money is not yet exhausted ;as it lias been impossible to have the accounts properly audited and settled with the acioun'- ing ami paying officers of the government as required by law, an account of tliU expendi ture cannot now be furnished. The Auditor General and State Treasurer have established a system of settlement and pay meat, of which I entirely approve, that provides amply for the protection of the State, and to which all parties having claims will bo obliged to con form A much larger sum will be required than has been distinctively appropriated; but I could not receive nor make engagements for money without authority of law, and 1 have called you together, not only to provide for a complete re organization of the militia of the State, but also, that you may give ine author ity to pledge the faitii of the Commonwealth to borrow such sums of money as you may, in your discretion, deem necessary fur these ex traordinary requiraients. It i< impossible to predict the lengths to which " the madness that rules the hour " in the rebellious States shall lead us, or when the calamities which threaten our hitherto loqipy country shall terminate. We know that many of our people have already left the State in the service of the General Govern ment, and tint ciatiy more must follow. We have a lor.g line of border on States seriously disaffected, which should bo protected. To furnish ready support to those who have gone out, and to p otect our borders we should have a well regulated military force. I, therefore, recommend the immediate cr gaizition, disciplining and arming of at least fifteen regiments of cavalry and infantry, cx elusive of those called into tbe service of the United States; as we have already ample warning of the necessity of being prepared for any sudden exigency that may arise. I cannot too much impress this upon you. I cannot refrain from alludiug to the gen erous maimer in which the peoplo of all parts of the State have, from their private means, provided for tiie families ot those of our citi zens who are now under arms. Id many parts of the Commonwealth, Grand .Juries, and Courts,and municipal corporations have recom mended the appropriations of moneys from their public funds, for the same commendable purpose. I would recommend the passage of an Act legalizing nr.d authorizing such ap propriations and expenditures. II may be expected that, in the present de rangement of trade and commerce, umi tlio withdrawal of so much industry from its ordi nary and productive chanu**ls,the selling value of property generally w ill be depreciated, and a large portion of our citizens deprived of the ordinary means of meeting engagements. Al though much forbearance may be excepted from a generous and magnanimous people, yet I feel it my duty to recommend the passage of a judicious law to prevent the sacrifice of pro perty by forced sales in the collection of debts. Von meet together at this special session, surrounded by circumstances involving the uiost solemn responsibilities; tbe recollections of the glories of the past, the reflections of the gloomy present, and the uncertainty of the fu ture, ail alike call upon you to discharge your duty in a spirit of patriotic courage, compre hensive wisdom und firm resolution. Never in the history of our peace loving Commonwealth have the hearts of our people been so stirred in tlieir depths as at tiie present moment. And, I feel, that I need hardly ;u - to you, that in the performance of your duties on this occa sion and in providing tho ways ami means for tiie maintenance of our country's glory and onr integrity as a nation, you should be inspired by feelings of self sacrifice, kindred to those which animate the brave men who have devot ed their lives to the perils of the battle field,in defence of our nation's ii ig. Gentlemen, I place the honor of tiie State in your hands. And 1 pray that the Almighty God,who protected our fathers in their efforts to establish this our great constitutional liber ty—who has controlled the growth of civiliza tion and Christianity in our midst, may not now forsake us; that He may watch over your coun sels, and may, in His providence, lead those who have left the path of duty, and are acting in open rebellion to the government, back again to perfect loyalty, and restore,peace,har mony, and fraternity to our distracted conntrv. A G. CURTIN." Campaigning Axioms. 1. One well fed, well equipped, well appoin ted brigade is worth two that are ill provided. 2. In active service, three men die of undue pxpo-ure, bad food, and their own imprudences where one is killed by shot or stab. 3. An easy, rational, nicely fitting uniform, with warm, substantial blanket, broad soled boots or shoes aud good woolen socks, will more conduce to efficiency in service than su periority in weapons. 4. The lightest possible head-covering, with a pood look out for ventilation, will add a tenth to the distance a regiment can march in a day, while insuring increased comfort. 5. A small cotton handerchief.or half a yard of tho commonest sheeting, moistened with water in the morning and again at noon, and worn between the hat and the head, will pro tect the soldier from sun-stroke and greatly diminish the discomfort aud fatigue of a hot day's inarch. 6. A flat bottle covered with woolen cloth, the cloth being moistened and the bottle filled with water in the morning, will keep reasona bly cool throughout a long, hot day. £ Of all villainous concoctions, the liquors sold by camp-followers are the most detestable and dangerous They are mo~e deadly than rifled cannon, and are suro to be taken when they should not be. Every soldier who means to do his duty to his country, should insist that all vendors of these pofvotis He drammed I oat of the camp VOL. XXT. NO. 4.9 8. A good cook to each company, who knows how to ruukc salt meat juisy ami leader, und to bare it ready whenever and wherever it may he wanted, is equal to two doctors and four extra combatants. 9. Officers who love and care for their men whiie in repose never have to complain of their conduct when in action. 10. A soldier wuose heart is in the cause lie fights for, is worth two who fight for their pay THE SocrnEßN" MISTAKE.— The public Jour nals at tlie South are deluding their readers with stuff like this below, which we cut from the Memphis Avalanche, u paper that ought to know bettor : THE PAXIC AT THE NORTH.— The heart of the philanthropist bleeds and sickens in contem plating the distress that exists among the peo pie of the North. Every day brings additional accounts of the tremendous panic is sweeping the Northern cities. Stocks ftrs goingdown.operatives are turned out to 6turve, confidence is destroyed and business is paralyz ed. On every side may tie seen the wide spread ruin wicb an infatuated people have brought upon their own heads. Meantime there is some distress in the South, but the people of the Confederate States are generally comforta ble. They breathe fietr, nnd their proud necks are more erect since tbev have parted company with their traducers. We are sorry for the true men in the North who are involved in dis asters they could not avert. But let them come South,find new fields for their enterprise and mend their broken fortunes. We pity while we despise tnc poor dupes who now mock at the calamity that robs them of their daily bread. Let them turn upon their be trayers. In such a light our sympathies wiil be with the hungry. The culture of cotton requires a peculiar combination of heat and moisture, an eveu and rniform temperature. Sicily, Naples and Malta produce about 30,000 pounds annually; a small quantity is rai.-ed in Sardinia and Spain. Asiatic Turkey produces about 300,000 pounds. Syria might produce a considerable quantity. China does so, but consumes it all. India 3,000,000, if we may believe reports, most of which is consumed at home. Thero are six millions of alluvial soil in the British West Indies where it can be raised. The French receive from theirs about 3.000,000 pounds, and a small quantity is raised in Sur inam. In Africa, Egpt, Brazil, the culture is increasing. WHAT IS MARTIAI. LAW ?— At the present crisis the significance of a term so much used, and with so iittie accurate sense of its meau ing, becomes unusually impoitaut. Bouvier martial law as "a cole estab lished for the government of the army and navy of the United States." whose principal rules are to be found in the articles of war, prescribed by act of Congress But Chancellor Kent says tnis distinction applies only to wii/- tary law, while martial law is quite a distinct thing, and is founded on paramount necessity and proclaimed by a miliitarv chief. Marital law is generally and vaguely held to be a suspension of all ordinary civil rights and process,—and, as such, approximates very closely to a military despotism. It is an arbitrary law orginating in emer getuies. In times of extreme peril to th® State, either from without or from within.the pulic welfare demands extraordinary measures. And martial law being proclaimed, signifies that the operation of the ordinary legal delay* of justice is suspended by the military power, which lias for the time become supreme. It. suspends the operation of the writ of heir: j s or pus; enables persons charged with treason to be summarily tried by Court Mar tial instead of Grand Jury ; justifies searches ami seizures of private property, and the tak ing possession of public highways, and other means of communication. Involving the high est exercise of sovereignty, it is, of course,cap able of great abuse, and is only to be justified on emergencies of the most imperative and perilous nature, such as now appear to exist in Baltimore. LIEUTENANT JAMES FORNEY, one the earliest appointments of President Lincoln, has been detailed for service at the Marine Barracks.— lie gallantly waived his right of five mouths' drill probation, as a new recruit, and is now doing foil service as an officer of his rank.—- I'ennsyfcant% Telegraph. The Mobile Tribune says the anticipated blockade of that port has lately led to a very brbk business in loading vessels with cotton and oilier freights intended for foreign ports. Cotton was being loaded at the rate of 876 bales a day, about 126 bales over the ordinary rate. VIRGINIANS CALI.RNRO ACCOUNT.— On Fri day 1 irge numbers of Virginians arrived at Harrisburg via Ciiainbersbnrg. They were required to take a test on oath to take up arms or lie imprisoned. Others had escaped without taking the oath, most of whom were were from Fairfax County. The papers relate an anecdote of a beautiful young lady, who had become blind, having recovered her sight after marriage.— Whereupon Snooks wickedly observes that it is uo uncommon thing for people's eyes to be opened by mrtrimony. jßsaT" Dean Swift, hearing of a carpenter fall imr through the scaffolding of a house which he was engaged in repairing, dryly remarked that he had got through his work promptly. The man who confines himself to th® driuk best for him is WELL supplied. Ilasty people drick in the w'n® of Iff® si'ding hot.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers